CN111697571A - Closed loop current calculation method during closed loop operation of power distribution network - Google Patents
Closed loop current calculation method during closed loop operation of power distribution network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
- H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for calculating loop closing current in loop closing operation of a power distribution network, which comprises the following steps: s1: analyzing reasons and conditions for loop closing current generation; s2: preparation before the loop closing operation is carried out, so that the loop closing operation is ensured to be smooth; s3: calculating the steady-state current; the method comprises the following steps: s3-1: calculating the current of the head end of the 10kV feeder line after loop closing; s3-2: calculating to obtain a steady-state circulation effective value during loop closing; s3-3; calculating loop impedance; s4: calculating the impact current; the method comprises the following steps: s4-1: calculating the maximum value of the closed loop impact circulation; s4-2: calculating an effective value of closed-loop impact circulation; s4-3; and (4) calculating the attenuation time of the non-periodic component of the loop impact circulation. The method analyzes the closed-loop operation on the basis of the power flow analysis, accurately controls the influence of the closed-loop operation on the power grid, selects an algorithm suitable for the power distribution network and the power transmission network by considering the characteristics of the power distribution network and the power transmission network when considering the algorithm, achieves universality and improves the accuracy of calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for calculating loop closing current in the loop closing operation of a power distribution network, and belongs to the technical field of loop closing of the power distribution network.
Background
At present, 10kV distribution networks in cities and suburbs of China generally adopt a ring network design and open-loop operation mode, most 10kV lines have the capability of mutual power supply in pairs, and have the basic condition of uninterrupted power supply and load transfer, the 10kV distribution network loop closing operation is a new measure which is provided by a power system aiming at a power failure management method, when the distribution network is overhauled or the system breaks down, the load transfer can be realized through the loop closing operation, the power failure of a user is avoided, the reliability of power supply is improved, in addition, the optimal distribution of the load can be achieved by selecting a proper loop closing point, the power loss caused by long-distance power transmission is avoided, and the economic requirement is met;
in the power dispatching work, the loop closing and loop opening operation belongs to one of more important operations, a plurality of factors need to be considered, a dispatcher needs to know the wiring condition, the power flow distribution and the relay protection configuration of a system, an estimation is carried out on the power flow change before the loop closing and loop opening operation to ensure that the loop closing and loop opening can not influence the safe and stable operation of the power system, a mathematical model needs to be established aiming at the common loop closing and loop opening operation in the power dispatching process, the steady-state and transient-state processes are analyzed, the qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out on the current impact, the voltage impact and the moisture flow change generated by the operation, usually, an electromagnetic looped network is disconnected at a certain point at a low-voltage side, the open-loop operation mode is adopted to ensure the safe and stable power grid when the power system randomly fails, if the distribution network operation mode is adopted to adjust the operation, once the high-voltage side fails and trips, the tide is transferred to the low-voltage side, so that equipment such as a transformer, a power transmission line and the like is overloaded, even a power grid is stably damaged, and a large-area power failure accident is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a closed loop current calculation method during closed loop operation of a power distribution network, which is used for providing calculation accuracy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for calculating the loop closing current in the loop closing operation of the power distribution network comprises the following specific steps:
s1: analyzing reasons and conditions for loop closing current generation;
s2: according to the reason and the condition of the loop closing current, in order to avoid the overlarge loop current generated by the loop closing, the loop closing operation is smoothly carried out, and the following conditions are required to be met for ensuring the smooth operation of the loop closing operation:
s2-1: ensuring that the phase sequence and the phase of a 10kV bus are the same in a transformer substation participating in loop closing;
s2-2: the voltage values at two sides of the loop closing point are the same as much as possible;
s2-3: the comprehensive impedance from two transformer substations participating in loop closing to a loop closing point is not suitable to be different by over 10 percent;
s2-4: adjusting the size and power factor of the loads on two sides of the loop closing place to ensure that the phase difference between the two sides is not too large, avoiding the situation that the loop cannot be closed, and meeting the requirement that the phase difference is within 5 degrees in actual operation; due to the structural form of the power distribution network and the diversity of loads, or even the voltage difference between two sides of the ring closing point is allowed to be less than 10%, and the phase difference is less than 15 degrees, the operation requirement is met;
s2-5; the sum of the loads on the two sides of the closed loop does not exceed the rated load of one of the switches on the two sides;
s3: calculating the steady-state current; the method comprises the following steps:
s3-1: calculating the current of the head end of the 10kV feeder line after loop closing;
s3-2: calculating to obtain a steady-state circulation effective value during loop closing;
s3-3; calculating loop impedance;
s4: calculating the impact current; the method comprises the following steps:
s4-1: calculating the maximum value of the closed loop impact circulation;
s4-2: calculating an effective value of closed-loop impact circulation;
s4-3; and (4) calculating the attenuation time of the non-periodic component of the loop impact circulation.
Further, in S1, when the distribution network performs the loop closing operation, the power supplies on both sides of the loop closing line are generally in the split operation state, but their upper power supplies should be parallel, and taking 10K distribution network loop closing as an example, the loop closing current is mainly generated due to two reasons: firstly, the voltage difference of the 10kV buses of the substations on the two sides of the closed-loop switch generates circulation currents, and secondly, the 10kV buses of the substations on the two sides of the closed-loop switch generate circulation currents with different short-circuit impedances to the system.
Further, in S2, it is known from the cause of the loop current of the power distribution network that if there is a voltage difference between both sides of the loop closing point or the short-circuit impedances of both sides are different, the loop current appears after the loop closing, which may cause the relay in the loop to operate and trip, and the loop closing operation needs to satisfy a certain condition in order to avoid an excessive loop current appearing during the loop closing operation and to make the loop closing operation smooth.
Further, in S3, the problem occurring in the power grid needs to be researched on the basis of power flow analysis, and the problem of closing the loop of the distribution network is also the same, so that the power flow of the power grid can change greatly in the process of closing the loop, and the closing loop operation can be analyzed only by accurately grasping the power flow, so that the influence of the closing loop on the power grid can be accurately grasped, and the dispatcher is correctly instructed to operate.
Further, in S3, when an actual power grid diagram is built in the system, the connection condition of the power distribution network and the power transmission network should be reflected truly, if the power transmission network is processed equivalently only by considering the power distribution network, the power grid diagram is disordered, and each power distribution network is split to cause inaccurate calculation results, so that when the algorithm is considered, the characteristics of the power distribution network and the power transmission network need to be considered particularly, the algorithm suitable for the power distribution network and the power transmission network is selected, the universality is achieved, and the calculation accuracy is improved.
Further, in S3, the distribution network is different from the transmission network in a certain way, the operation structure of a general distribution network is radial, PQ nodes are more, R/X values are higher, and the jacobian matrix condition number is higher, so that the matrix tends to be ill-conditioned, considering that the distribution network of an electromagnetic loop closing is radial, the requirement on calculation accuracy is not too high, and in addition, the problem of data loss may exist in actual operation, the load is represented by equivalent injection current by using the superposition theorem, branch current is calculated by using a back substitution method, and node voltage is calculated by using a forward-push back substitution method.
Further, in S4, when the power distribution network actually performs loop closing and power transfer, not only the influence of the steady-state power flow after loop closing on the safe and stable operation of the power distribution network needs to be analyzed, but also the influence of the instantaneous impact current of the loop closing on the operation of the power distribution network needs to be considered, the maximum possible instantaneous value of the loop closing current is called as a loop closing impact current, and the impact current is usually high in amplitude and short in duration.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method analyzes the closed-loop operation on the basis of the power flow analysis, accurately controls the influence of the closed-loop operation on the power grid, selects an algorithm suitable for the power distribution network and the power transmission network in consideration of the characteristics of the power distribution network and the power transmission network when considering the algorithm, and achieves universality, thereby improving the accuracy of calculation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a single-phase equivalent circuit diagram of the impulse current of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a method for calculating a loop closing current in a loop closing operation of a power distribution network, which comprises the following steps:
s1: analyzing reasons and conditions for loop closing current generation;
when the distribution network performs loop closing operation, the power supplies on two sides of the loop closing circuit are generally in a split running state, but the upper power supplies of the distribution network and the loop closing circuit are parallel, taking 10K distribution network loop closing as an example, the loop closing current generation causes two main reasons:
firstly, the voltage difference of 10kV buses of substations on two sides of a loop closing switch generates a loop current, if the short-circuit impedance of the 10kV buses of the substations on two sides to a system is relatively close, the loop current can calculate an approximate value by dividing the voltage numerical difference of the 10kV buses of the substations on two sides by the impedance of a loop closing circuit, and the error of the approximate value calculated by the approximate method from an actual value is within 20%;
secondly, circulating currents are generated by the 10kV buses of the substations on the two sides of the loop closing switch when the short-circuit impedances of the substations on the two sides of the loop closing switch are different, and large circulating currents are generated when the short-circuit impedances of the substations on the two sides of the loop closing switch are different when the short-circuit impedances of the substations on the systems are larger even if the voltage values of the 10kV buses of the substations on the two sides of the loop closing switch;
s2: the preparation before the loop closing operation is known from the reason of the loop current generation of the power distribution network, if a voltage difference exists between two sides of a loop closing point or short-circuit impedances at two sides are different, the loop current can appear after the loop closing, which may cause a relay in a loop to act and trip, so that the loop closing operation is smoothly performed in order to avoid the overlarge loop current appearing during the loop closing operation, and the following conditions are required to be met for ensuring the smooth loop closing operation:
s2-1: ensuring that the phase sequence and the phase of a 10kV bus are the same in a transformer substation participating in loop closing;
s2-2: the voltage values at two sides of the loop closing point are the same as much as possible;
s2-3: the comprehensive impedance from two transformer substations participating in loop closing to a loop closing point is not suitable to be different by over 10 percent;
s2-4: the magnitude and the power factor of the load on both sides of the loop closing point are properly adjusted, so that the phase difference on both sides is not too large, the condition that the loop closing cannot be carried out is avoided, the phase difference is met within 5 degrees in actual operation, and due to the structural form of a power distribution network and the diversity of the load, the operation requirement is met even if the voltage difference on both sides of the loop closing point is allowed to be less than 10 percent and the phase difference is less than 15 degrees in individual occasions;
s2-5; the sum of the loads on the two sides of the closed loop should not exceed the rated load of one of the switches on the two sides, otherwise, the loads cannot be replaced with each other even if the conditions are met;
s3: calculating the steady-state current;
the research on the problems in the power grid needs to be established on the basis of flow analysis, so that the problem of the closed loop of the distribution network is solved, the flow of the power grid can be changed greatly in the closed loop process, the closed loop operation can be analyzed only through accurately mastering the flow of the flow, the influence of the closed loop on the power grid can be accurately mastered, and a dispatcher is accurately guided to operate;
when an actual power grid graph is built in the system, the connection condition of the power distribution network and the power transmission network is truly reflected, if the power distribution network is considered and the power transmission network is subjected to equivalence treatment, the power grid graph is disordered, and each distribution network is split and cracked, so that the calculation result is inaccurate, therefore, when the algorithm is considered, the characteristics of the power distribution network and the power transmission network are particularly considered, the algorithm suitable for the power distribution network and the power transmission network is selected, the universality is achieved, and the calculation accuracy is improved;
compared with a power transmission network, the power distribution network has certain difference, the operation structure of the general power distribution network is radial, PQ nodes are more, the R/X value is higher, the condition number of a Jacobian matrix is higher, the matrix tends to be sick, the power distribution network with an electromagnetic closed loop is considered to be radial, the requirement on the calculation precision is not too high, and in addition, the problem of data loss possibly exists in the actual operation, the load is expressed by equivalent injection current by adopting the superposition theorem, the branch current is solved by using a back substitution method, and the node voltage is obtained by using a forward-backward substitution method;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-1: calculating the current of the head end of the 10kV feeder line after loop closing;
for pure radial webs containing no cyclic structuresThe current on the bus outgoing line side of the network can be directly measured through devices on two sides, and for an additional network, the ring network is in a stable state and has a circulating current IcThe voltage vector difference between the two sides of the interconnection switch before loop closing can be obtained by the Thevenin theorem according to the formula (1-1):
in the formula (1-1)
Before loop closing, the line voltage values at two sides of the connection switch are connected, Z is the loop closing loop impedance value,
respectively are the outgoing line current of the feeder side of the closed loop network before loop closing,
the outgoing line currents of the loop closing network feeder side after loop closing are respectively as follows:
calculating the current at the head end of the 10kV feeder line after loop closing through the formulas (1-3) and (1-4) to judge the situation after loop closing;
s3-2: calculating to obtain a steady-state circulation effective value during loop closing;
the voltage difference at two sides of the interconnection switch can be directly measured, the effective value of the closed loop stable circulation can be calculated by the load flow calculation method introduced by the traditional algorithm, but the stable circulation value can be obtained by the calculation of the voltage vector difference in the formula (1-2), and the effective value of the stable circulation is directly related to the module value of the voltage vector difference in the formula (1-2), so that the step of calculating the voltage vector difference can be omitted as long as the module value of the voltage vector difference measured by the interconnection switch can be measured, only FTU measuring devices are arranged at two sides of the interconnection switch, the voltages at two sides of the interconnection switch are obtained by a voltage transformer TV, then the voltage difference and the phase difference are obtained by differentiating the two voltage signals by a subtraction circuit, the signals are reported, the voltage difference and the phase difference at two sides of the interconnection switch can be directly obtained, and the stable loop during the closed loop can be obtained by simple calculation by directly substituting the values into the formula (1-2) A flow root value;
s3-3; calculating loop impedance;
the loop impedance can be seen from a loop closing port, the sum of the loop impedances traced back to a power supply point from the loop closing point, generally, a 220kV (330kV) bus is seen as a balance node, therefore, the loop impedance value is the sum of the loop impedances seen from the loop closing port to the balance node, and the loop impedance value is difficult to accurately obtain by a main network operation mode of a line above 110kV, so that the impedance of the line above 110kV can be calculated by short circuit capacity under a typical operation mode, the system inputs conventional physical parameters when a power distribution network is drawn, and the line impedance is calculated by a data model;
s4: calculating the impact current;
when the actual loop closing and power transferring of a power distribution network are carried out, the influence of steady-state tide after loop closing on the safe and stable operation of the power grid needs to be analyzed, the influence of impact current of instantaneous loop closing on the operation of the power grid needs to be considered, the instantaneous value of the maximum possible loop closing current is called loop closing impact current, the impact current is usually high in amplitude and short in duration, in the calculation of the instantaneous loop closing impact current, one phase of the instantaneous loop closing impact current is taken for research due to the fact that three phases of a power system are symmetrical, and a single-phase equivalent circuit of the transient loop closing impact current is calculated and is shown;
in fig. 2, R + j X represents equivalent impedance after loop closing, and U is an effective value of vector difference of voltages at two ends of a loop closing switch during loop closing and represents voltage angle difference of two ends of the switch during loop closing;
after the loop closing, the circuit shown in FIGS. 1-2 has a non-quadratic differential equation of
The solution of the differential equation is the total current of the closed loop impulse current, which is composed of two parts, the first part is the special solution of the equation and represents the periodic component i of the impulse loop currentcNamely, the closed-loop steady-state circulating current is obtained, and the second part is called a free component or a non-periodic component and is marked as iapCan be solved to
In the formula
Is the effective value of the steady-state circular current,
for impedance angle of loop-closing equivalent model, for
Obtaining by solution:
iapcexp (-T/T) formula (1-7)
In the formula (1-7)
Referred to as the non-periodic component decay time constant,
therefore, from the equations (1-6) and (1-7), the total expression of the total current of the closed-loop impinging circulation can be obtained as follows:
because the current in the inductor can not suddenly change, the current before loop closing is equal to the current after loop closing, and the current on the additional network inductor for loop closing before loop closing is 0;
when t is equal to 0, the first step is,
therefore, it is not only easy to use
The full current expression of the closed loop impact circulation can be further obtained as
In the formula (1-2), the loop-closing impact circulating current and the voltage amplitude difference between the two loop-closing points have approximate direct proportion relation, and approximate inverse proportion relation with the total impedance of the loop network, and are also influenced by the phase angle difference of the voltage, so that the method can be known when the loop-closing impact circulating current and the voltage amplitude difference between the two loop-closing points have approximate inverse proportion relation
When 0 or an integer multiple of pi, iabWhen the ring is closed, the stable state is immediately entered; when in use
At ± pi/2, the impinging circulation has a maximum value, which is:
the method comprises the following steps:
s4-1: calculating the maximum value of the closed loop impact circulation;
from the above discussion, it should be understood that
Is composed of
When the loop current is in the maximum value, as shown in the formula (1-13), the maximum instantaneous current appears in the second half period of the loop closingThat is, when t is 0.01s, the maximum value of the closed-loop impinging circulation I can be calculated by substituting t 0.01s for the formula (1-12)imComprises the following steps:
let KimWhen the value is 1+ exp (-0.01/T), which is called the coefficient of impact circulation, this condition is substituted for the formula (1-13)
Due to the fact that
Therefore, the impact circulating current coefficient and the maximum impact circulating current value are related to the ratio of the reactance and the resistance of the loop closing network;
s4-2: calculating an effective value of closed-loop impact circulation;
through calculation, the maximum effective value I of the ring-closing impact circulationmIs composed of
Order to
This is substituted into the formula (2-15) to obtain:
Im＝kIcformula (1-16)
In the most severe case, k is 1.62;
s4-3; calculating the attenuation time of the non-periodic component of the closed loop impact circulation;
as can be seen from the expressions (1-16), the closed-loop current is composed of a periodic component and a non-periodic component, the periodic component is a stable sinusoidal variation, the non-periodic component is an attenuation, when the attenuation reaches 0, the closed-loop enters a steady state, the closed-loop current only has the periodic component, the attenuation time of the non-periodic component of the impact closed-loop circulation is T, and T is 2T, T is 3T, and T is 4T respectively substituted into the expression of the non-periodic component of the impact circulation to obtain the attenuation time
When T is 2T
When T is 3T
When T is 4T
Therefore, when the time is 2T to 3T, the attenuation of the non-periodic component of the impact circulation of the closed loop is basically finished, and the closed loop enters a steady state.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for calculating the closed loop current in the closed loop operation of the power distribution network is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: analyzing reasons and conditions for loop closing current generation;
s2: according to the reason and the condition of the loop closing current, in order to avoid the overlarge loop current generated by the loop closing, the loop closing operation is smoothly carried out, and the following conditions are required to be met for ensuring the smooth operation of the loop closing operation:
s2-1: ensuring that the phase sequence and the phase of a 10kV bus are the same in a transformer substation participating in loop closing;
s2-2: the voltage values at two sides of the loop closing point are the same;
s2-3: the difference of the comprehensive impedance from the two substations participating in loop closing to the loop closing point cannot exceed 10 percent;
s2-4: adjusting the size and power factor of loads on two sides of a loop closing place to avoid the situation that loop closing cannot be performed, wherein the phase difference is met within 5 degrees in actual operation; due to the structural form of the power distribution network and the diversity of loads, or even the voltage difference between two sides of the ring closing point is allowed to be less than 10%, and the phase difference is less than 15 degrees, the operation requirement is met;
s2-5; the sum of the loads on the two sides of the closed loop does not exceed the rated load of one of the switches on the two sides;
s3: calculating the steady-state current; the method comprises the following steps:
s3-1: calculating the current of the head end of the 10kV feeder line after loop closing;
s3-2: calculating to obtain a steady-state circulation effective value during loop closing;
s3-3; calculating loop impedance;
s4: calculating the impact current; the method comprises the following steps:
s4-1: calculating the maximum value of the closed loop impact circulation;
s4-2: calculating an effective value of closed-loop impact circulation;
s4-3; and (4) calculating the attenuation time of the non-periodic component of the loop impact circulation.
2. The method for calculating the loop closing current in the loop closing operation of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, there are two reasons for loop closing current generation for a 10K distribution loop: firstly, the voltage difference of the 10kV buses of the power substations on the two sides of the loop closing switch generates circulation currents, and secondly, the 10kV buses of the power substations on the two sides of the loop closing switch generate circulation currents with different short circuit impedances to the system.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112199861A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-08 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for judging closed-loop power regulation feasibility of power distribution network |
| CN114839420A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-02 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method and device for testing maximum value of circular current of cross-connection grounding system |
| CN114839420B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-12-12 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method and device for testing circulation maximum value of cross-connection grounding system |
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