CN111693457B - Automatic testing device and testing method for friction parameters of rock structural surface - Google Patents
Automatic testing device and testing method for friction parameters of rock structural surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111693457B CN111693457B CN202010607418.4A CN202010607418A CN111693457B CN 111693457 B CN111693457 B CN 111693457B CN 202010607418 A CN202010607418 A CN 202010607418A CN 111693457 B CN111693457 B CN 111693457B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic testing device and a testing method for friction parameters of a rock structural surface, wherein the testing device comprises a base, one end of the base is provided with a support, the support is connected with one end of an inclined plate, the end part of the inclined plate is provided with a baffle, a correlation laser sensor is arranged at the position adjacent to the baffle, and the inclined plate is provided with a clamp; one end of the base deviating from the inclined plate is provided with a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism comprises a motor, and the motor is electrically connected with the electric signal receiving device. The testing method comprises the steps of recording the starting and stopping time of the motor after the device is erected, and then calculating the inclination angle of the test piece when the test piece slides. The inclination testing device can solve the problems of insufficient measurement accuracy and difficulty in adjustment of the inclination testing device in the prior art, and is simple in structure, convenient, practical and accurate in measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological rock and soil experiments, in particular to an automatic testing device and a testing method for friction parameters of a rock structural surface.
Background
The rock mass is composed of intact rock pieces and discontinuous joints. In actual rock engineering, it is not common for complete rock material to fail, and the behaviour of the rock mass is controlled primarily by movement along discontinuities. Therefore, the shear strength of the discontinuous joint separating the rock mass is of great significance in stability evaluation. In order to fully understand the mechanical behavior of jointed rock mass, it is necessary to study the individual joints. Stress-strain characteristics of rock structural faces have been the focus of research since the 60's of the 20 th century. The shear strength of the discontinuous joint separating the rock mass plays an important role in stability evaluation. The mechanical properties of the rock mass are influenced to a great extent by water. Over the past 50 years, a number of criteria have been proposed to estimate the peak shear strength of a rock joint under constant load conditions. During this time, a number of empirical estimation formulas or methods have been proposed.
At present, the methods for measuring the friction coefficient of a structural surface mainly comprise a direct shear test and an inclination test. Wherein, the inclination test is realized by an inclination table test device. However, the tilt table adopted in the related researches at present has the following disadvantages: the existing tilting tables are manually operated, so that the manual error is large, and the controllability and the stability are limited; and a method for measuring the inclination angle is mostly adopted, so that even if a high-precision electronic angle measuring instrument is adopted, a system error can be generated due to the arrangement angle of the instrument.
In addition, the prior tilting table has no leveling device and is difficult to level. And the test piece can not be fixed, and the baffle can block the free slip of hanging wall sometimes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the automatic testing device and the automatic testing method for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface, which can solve the problems of insufficient measuring accuracy and difficult adjustment of the inclination testing device in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the automatic testing device for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface comprises a base, wherein one end of the base is provided with a support, the support is connected with one end of an inclined plate, the end part of the inclined plate is provided with a baffle, a correlation laser sensor is arranged at the position adjacent to the baffle, and a clamp is arranged on the inclined plate; one end of the base, which deviates from the inclined plate, is provided with a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism comprises a motor, the motor is electrically connected with an electric signal receiving device, the output end of the motor is hinged with a ball screw, the ball screw is sleeved with a ball nut, and the ball nut is hinged with the bottom of the inclined plate through a connecting rod; the edge positions of the base are respectively provided with a plurality of leveling nuts and leveling air bubbles.
The invention also provides a testing method of the automatic testing device for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the testing device on a leveling surface, and leveling by matching a leveling nut and a leveling bubble;
s2, connecting the motor and the electric signal receiving device with a controller;
s3, placing the test piece on a clamp, fixing the test piece, and moving the clamp to a position far away from the baffle;
s4, starting the motor, recording the starting time t1 of the motor, and driving the ball nut to move along the ball screw by drawing the ball screw to rotate through the motor;
s5, when the ball nut moves to the position where the test piece moves along the inclined plate and the abutting plate passes through the correlation laser sensor, stopping the rotation of the motor and recording the stop time t2 of the motor;
and S6, acquiring the size data of the testing device, substituting t1 and t2, and calculating to obtain the friction angle alpha of the test piece.
The automatic testing device and the testing method for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface provided by the invention have the main beneficial effects that:
the automatic testing device for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface provided by the invention has high precision and high stability by driving the inclined plate by the hinge, the connecting rod and the ball screw and monitoring the movement of the clamp by the correlation laser sensor. By indirectly calculating the inclination angle by the precession distance of the ball nut, larger errors which may be caused by the side angle are avoided. The computer servo driving device is adopted to work, so that full automation is realized, the operation is simple, and human errors are avoided.
By fully integrating the device, installation and movement are facilitated. The leveling device of the base can ensure the levelness of the device when the device is reinstalled after being moved.
According to the testing method of the automatic testing device for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface, provided by the invention, the calculation precision of the friction parameters is effectively improved by utilizing the relationship between the friction angle and the dynamic friction factor and indirectly calculating the inclination angle by using the precession distance of the ball nut.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the automatic testing device for friction parameters of a rock structural surface provided by the scheme.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the testing device.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a testing method provided by the present solution.
Fig. 4 is a calculation schematic diagram of the test method provided by the present scheme.
The device comprises a base 1, a base 2, a support 21, a baffle 22, an inclined plate 23, a correlation laser sensor 3, a clamp 31, a screw rod 32, a butt joint plate 33, a nut 4, a transmission mechanism 41, a motor 42, a ball screw rod 43, a ball nut 44, a connecting rod 5, an electric signal receiving device 6, a leveling nut 61 and a leveling bubble.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1, it is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic testing device for friction parameters of a rock structural surface provided by the present scheme.
The automatic testing device for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface comprises a base 1, wherein one end of the base 1 is provided with a support 2, the support 2 is connected with one end of an inclined plate 22, the end part, close to the support 2, of the inclined plate 22 is provided with a baffle 21, the inclined plate 22 is provided with a correlation laser sensor 23 at the position, close to the baffle 21, of the inclined plate 22, and a clamp 3 is arranged on the inclined plate 22; one end of the base 1 deviating from the inclined plate 22 is provided with a transmission mechanism 4, the transmission mechanism 4 comprises a motor 41, the motor 41 is electrically connected with an electric signal receiving device 5, the output end of the motor 41 is hinged with a ball screw 42, the ball screw 42 is sleeved with a ball nut 43, and the ball nut 43 is hinged with the bottom of the inclined plate 22 through a connecting rod 44; the edge positions of the base 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of leveling nuts 6 and leveling air bubbles 61.
Specifically, the clamp 3 includes two abutting plates 32 parallel to each other, and the abutting plates 32 are connected by screws 31 parallel to each other.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the screw 31 is fixed to the abutment plate 32 on one side and passes through the abutment plate 32 on the other side, the abutment plate 32 inserted into the screw 31 is in contact with the nut 32, and the nut 33 is located on the side of the abutment plate 32 away from the baffle 21. At this time, the side surface of the abutting plate 32, which is fixedly provided with the screw 31 and is adjacent to the baffle 21, is a plane so as to avoid the movement of the screw 31 triggering the correlation laser sensor 23 to cause experimental errors.
Wherein, the pitch of the correlation laser sensor 23 is larger than the width of the abutting plate 32. The height of the output end of the correlation laser sensor 23 relative to the inclined plate 22 is greater than the height of the screw 31. Therefore, the abutting plate 32 can be detected only by the correlation laser sensor 23, and measurement errors are avoided.
The leveling nuts 6 and the leveling air bubbles 61 are four in number and are respectively positioned at four corners of the base 1. Through setting up a plurality of level bubbles 61 to furthest guarantees testing arrangement's horizontality, thereby guarantees the accuracy of test.
Preferably, the testing device further comprises a controller electrically connected with the correlation laser sensor 23, the motor 41 and the electric signal sensor 5 to drive the device to operate.
The scheme also provides a testing method based on the automatic testing device for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface, as shown in fig. 3, the testing method comprises the following steps:
and S1, placing the testing device on a flat surface, and leveling by matching the leveling nut 6 with the leveling air bubble 61.
The specific leveling method comprises the following steps:
s1-1, adjusting two pairs of leveling nuts 6 on the same side edge until the leveling bubble 61 shows that the testing device is in a horizontal state along the side edge direction;
s1-2, adjusting the relative height between the two pairs of leveling nuts 6 to ensure that all the leveling air bubbles 61 are in a horizontal state.
And S2, connecting the motor 41 and the electric signal receiving device 5 with a controller.
Optionally, the controller is an external servo calculator to ensure the processing performance thereof.
S3, the test piece is placed on the jig 3 and fixed, and the jig 3 is moved to a set position away from the shutter 21.
The specific fixing method comprises the following steps:
s3-1, placing the test piece between the two abutting plates 32;
s3-2, moving the abutting plate 32 to ensure that the abutting plate 32 is abutted and fixed with the test piece;
s3-3, tightening the nut 33 at the rear side of the abutting plate 32;
s3-4, the abutment plate 32 offset from the nut 33 is moved to the set position.
Preferably, the set position is provided with a graduation line, and the distance from the graduation line to the correlation laser sensor 23 is a known fixed value, so that the measurement and calculation are convenient.
And S4, starting the motor 41, recording the starting time t1 of the motor 41, and driving the ball screw 42 to rotate by the motor 41 so as to drive the ball nut 43 to move along the ball screw 42.
S5, when the ball nut 43 moves to the point where the test piece moves along the inclined plate 22 and the abutment plate 32 passes the correlation laser sensor 32, the rotation of the motor 41 is stopped and the stop time t2 of the motor 41 is recorded.
And S6, acquiring the size data of the testing device, substituting t1 and t2, and calculating to obtain the friction angle alpha of the test piece.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the dimensional data of the test apparatus includes a vertical distance H between the inclined plate 22 and the base 1, a distance L1 between a set position on the inclined plate 22 and the correlation laser sensor 23, a length L2 of the link 44, and a thread lead S of the ball screw 42.
The method for calculating the friction angle alpha of the test piece comprises the following steps:
s6-1, calculating the horizontal displacement l of the ball nut 43 according to the thread leads S, t1 and t2 of the ball screw 42;
the calculation formula of the horizontal displacement l of the ball nut 43 is as follows:
l＝w·Δt·S，
where w is the rotational speed of the motor 41.
S6-2, substituting the horizontal displacement l of the ball nut 43 into the geometric relation to obtain the inclination angle alpha of the inclined plate 22, namely the friction angle alpha of the test piece.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the inclination angle α of the inclined plate 22 is:
by the method, the calculation precision of the friction parameter is effectively improved by utilizing the relation between the friction angle and the dynamic friction factor and indirectly calculating the inclination angle by using the precession distance of the ball nut 43.
The above description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Claims (4)
1. A test method of an automatic test device for friction parameters of a rock structural surface is characterized in that the test method is realized through the automatic test device for the friction parameters of the rock structural surface, wherein the test device comprises a base, one end of the base is provided with a support, the support is connected with one end of a tilt plate, the end part of the tilt plate is provided with a baffle, a correlation laser sensor is arranged at the position adjacent to the baffle, and a clamp is arranged on the tilt plate; one end of the base, which deviates from the inclined plate, is provided with a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism comprises a motor, the motor is electrically connected with an electric signal receiving device, the output end of the motor is hinged with a ball screw, the ball screw is sleeved with a ball nut, and the ball nut is hinged with the bottom of the inclined plate through a connecting rod; a plurality of leveling nuts and leveling air bubbles are respectively arranged at the edge positions of the base;
the clamp comprises two mutually parallel abutting plates which are connected through mutually parallel screws;
the test method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the testing device on a leveling surface, and leveling by matching a leveling nut and a leveling bubble;
s2, connecting the motor and the electric signal receiving device with a controller;
s3, placing the test piece on a clamp, fixing the test piece, and moving the clamp to a position far away from the baffle;
s4, starting the motor and recording the starting time of the motort1, a ball screw is pulled to rotate through a motor, and a ball nut is driven to move along the ball screw;
s5, when the ball nut moves to the position where the test piece moves along the inclined plate and the abutting plate passes through the correlation laser sensor, stopping the rotation of the motor and recording the stop time of the motort2；
S6, obtaining the dimension data of the testing devicet1、tSubstituting 2, and calculating to obtain a friction angle alpha of the test piece;
the dimensional data of the test device comprises the vertical distance between the inclined plate and the baseHThe inclined plate is provided withDistance between fixed position and correlation laser sensorLLength of connecting rod 1L2, thread lead of ball screwS；
S6-1, thread lead according to ball screwS、t1、t2, calculating the horizontal displacement of the ball nutl；
S6-2, horizontally displacing the ball nutlSubstituting into the geometric relationship to obtain the inclination angle of the inclined plateαThe friction angle alpha of the test piece is obtained;
horizontal displacement of the ball nutlThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,wthe motor rotating speed;
angle of inclination of the inclined plateαThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the pitch of the correlation laser sensors is greater than the width of the abutment plate.
3. The test method of claim 1, wherein the leveling nuts and the leveling air bubbles are four in number and are located at four corners of the base.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the testing device further comprises a controller electrically connected to the correlation laser sensor, the motor, and the electrical signal sensor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010607418.4A CN111693457B (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Automatic testing device and testing method for friction parameters of rock structural surface |
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| CN202010607418.4A CN111693457B (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Automatic testing device and testing method for friction parameters of rock structural surface |
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| CN111693457B true CN111693457B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11183327A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-07-09 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Test device for ball screw |
| CN103307959A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-09-18 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Tilting testing device for measuring anisotropy of sliding friction angle of rock joint surface |
| CN204807029U (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-25 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Friction angular measurement appearance |
| CN108760623A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | The device and method that rock joint basal farmland dependency is tested under the conditions of real time high temperature |
| CN109211775A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-15 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of dynamic friction coefficient measuring device |
| CN110411939A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-05 | 北京建筑材料检验研究院有限公司 | A kind of pipeline confficient of static friction test device and method |
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2020
- 2020-06-30 CN CN202010607418.4A patent/CN111693457B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11183327A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-07-09 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Test device for ball screw |
| CN103307959A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-09-18 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Tilting testing device for measuring anisotropy of sliding friction angle of rock joint surface |
| CN204807029U (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-25 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Friction angular measurement appearance |
| CN108760623A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | The device and method that rock joint basal farmland dependency is tested under the conditions of real time high temperature |
| CN109211775A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-15 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of dynamic friction coefficient measuring device |
| CN110411939A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-05 | 北京建筑材料检验研究院有限公司 | A kind of pipeline confficient of static friction test device and method |
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