CN111693130A - Marine environment noise measurement system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a marine environment noise measurement system, which is used for detecting marine environment noise by an underwater observation platform and comprises a noise measurement hydrophone, a measurement acquisition function board and data analysis software, wherein the noise measurement hydrophone is connected with the measurement acquisition function board through a cabin-penetrating cable, the acquisition function board is connected with the outside of the underwater observation platform, the noise measurement hydrophone and the measurement acquisition function board are arranged on the underwater observation platform and are electrically connected with each other, and the data analysis software acquires information acquired by the measurement acquisition function board to analyze marine environment noise data. The marine environmental noise measurement system provided by the invention is used for collecting marine environmental noise, and better provides services for perfecting a model of the marine environmental noise, building a marine environmental noise database and deeply researching the marine environmental noise.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a marine technology field especially relates to underwater acoustic engineering and sonar technique, specifically is a marine environment noise measurement system.
Background
In the marine environment, sound waves caused by natural and artificial activities such as sea surface storms, marine biological activities, marine shipping and the like, underwater vehicle activities and the like interact with the sea surface, the sea bottom, a water body and the like in the propagation process to form a complex noise background field of the marine environment. By collecting the noise data of the marine environment, the sound source level, the spectral characteristics and the LOFAR spectrogram can be obtained. The marine environmental noise contains abundant characteristic information of water and water surface and even seabed, and no matter the noise is caused by tide, marine turbulence and the like, the noise caused by marine biological activity, the noise caused by crustal motion and submarine volcanic activity, the noise caused by precipitation or the noise caused by human marine activity can leave marks in a marine environmental noise background field.
The research on the marine environmental noise not only can provide a deep understanding for the marine scientific research, but also can better develop and utilize marine resources; the influence of artificial activities on the ocean can be known better, and the ocean ecological environment is protected; and the ocean navigation safety can be ensured, and the national ocean ownership is maintained. Therefore, it is important to develop research work on marine environmental noise, including but not limited to: the method comprises the steps of constructing a model of marine environmental noise, establishing a marine acoustic database, and researching the influence of artificial noise on marine biological behaviors and the like.
The work of collecting, storing and analyzing the marine environmental noise is the premise for carrying out the work. In recent years, the research and development work for developing the marine environmental noise acquisition device is strengthened in all countries of the world, and the research in the aspect of China is still in the starting stage. Therefore, how to acquire and store the marine environmental noise accurately, efficiently and for a long time and analyze and research data is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the background art, the invention relates to a marine environmental noise measurement system, and provides a marine environmental noise measurement system which can collect marine environmental noise for a long time in a large range and amplify, filter, convert and store the collected signals; the method can analyze the noise data of the marine environment, calculate the sound source level, perform visual analysis on the time domain, the frequency domain, the one-third octave and the LOFAR spectrogram of the data, and achieve the purposes of collecting, storing and researching the noise of the marine environment of the system.
The invention relates to a marine environment noise measurement system, which is used for detecting marine environment noise by an underwater observation platform and is characterized in that: the noise measurement hydrophone is connected with the measurement and acquisition function board through a cabin-penetrating cable, the measurement and acquisition function board is connected with the underwater observation platform, the noise measurement hydrophone and the measurement and acquisition function board are installed on the underwater observation platform and are electrically connected with each other, and the data analysis software acquires information acquired by the measurement and acquisition function board and analyzes marine environment noise data.
Through adopting above-mentioned scheme, marine environment noise measurement system is used for gathering marine environment noise signal, converts marine environment noise from acoustic signal to the signal of telecommunication, and is right marine environment noise signal carries out preliminary processing and saves to the SD card to can handle the analysis, visual display result to marine noise data.
Preferably, the noise measurement hydrophone adopts a piezoelectric circular tube type hydrophone and is provided with four paths, each path of noise measurement hydrophone can be selectively configured, and the noise measurement hydrophone converts marine environment noise signals into analog signals and sends the analog signals to the measurement and acquisition function board.
By adopting the scheme, the noise measurement hydrophone is used for acquiring marine environment noise signals within a range, converting the marine environment noise signals into analog signals and sending the analog signals to the measurement acquisition function board; the noise measurement hydrophone can be installed outside the measurement and acquisition platform and is connected with the measurement and acquisition function board through a cabin penetrating cable. The measurement acquisition function board is connected with the noise measurement hydrophone through a cabin-through cable, provides a working power supply for the noise measurement hydrophone, receives a noise signal sent by the noise measurement hydrophone, and performs local storage after the noise signal is subjected to primary processing; the measurement acquisition function board can communicate with external equipment, receive instructions and send data.
Preferably, the measurement and acquisition function board comprises a program control gain amplification module, a low-pass filtering module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, an MCU module, a storage module, an RTC module, a power supply module and an RS232 serial port module, and the modules are electrically connected with one another.
Preferably, the programmable gain amplification module receives the marine environment noise signal in the form of an analog signal sent by the noise measurement hydrophone, performs gain amplification on the signal, and transmits the signal to the low-pass filtering module, and the gain amplification factor in the signal processing method of the programmable gain amplification module can be adjusted, so that three power supply modes of single power supply 3V, 5V and +/-5V are supported.
Preferably, the low-pass filtering module receives the marine environmental noise signal in the form of an analog signal transmitted from the programmable gain amplifying module, filters high-frequency components higher than the sampling frequency of 1/2, and transmits the signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module.
Preferably, the analog-to-digital conversion module receives the marine environmental noise signal in the form of an analog signal transmitted by the low-pass filtering module, so that the signal is converted into a digital signal from the analog signal, and is transmitted to the MCU module, and the analog-to-digital conversion module adopts 24-bit four-channel synchronous sampling and is connected to the MCU module through an SPI interface.
Preferably, the data analysis software includes a user main interface, function selection, display control, working mode switching, data reading, data analysis, data visualization, interface screenshot storage, and data visualization, and the data analysis software adopts a multithread design structure, and is composed of a main thread: data analysis and processing, and two secondary threads are formed: and data splicing processing and data display processing.
Preferably, the measurement acquisition function board is configured to carry an RTC module (real-time clock chip) to provide accurate real-time; and when the external power supply is disconnected, the standby power supply is used for supplying power to the RTC module.
Preferably, the data analysis software includes a user main interface, function selection, display control, working mode switching, data reading, data analysis, data visualization, interface screenshot storage, and data visualization, and the data analysis software adopts a multithread design structure, and is composed of a main thread: data analysis and processing, and two secondary threads are formed: and data splicing processing and data display processing.
Preferably, the data analysis software adopts a down-sampling processing strategy to improve the fluency of visual display and the distortionless property of data, and the data analysis software makes a mechanism for preventing system crash, and corresponding prompts or warnings appear in improper input parameters and improper operation behaviors.
Preferably, the data analysis software includes two modes: the multi-machine communication and the local single-machine processing are realized, the sound source level is read through different modes, the visual analysis of the time domain, the frequency domain, the one-third octave and the LOFAR spectrogram of the data is realized, and the processing of parameter control on the pause, the continuation, the integration time and the sensitivity of each channel of the display can be realized.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the noise measurement hydrophone is used for collecting marine environment noise signals and transmitting the signals to the measurement and collection function board; the measurement acquisition function board works by utilizing an externally provided power supply and supplies power to the noise measurement hydrophone; amplifying gain, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion are carried out on the signals transmitted by the noise measuring hydrophone, and then the signals are stored in an SD card; the device can receive an instruction signal sent by the upper computer, perform initialization operation and transmit data to the upper computer through an RS232 interface; the data analysis software enables visual analysis and study of stored ambient noise data. The marine environment noise measurement system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can be used for collecting, storing and analyzing marine environment noise data, and the measurement system can be arranged on an underwater measurement collection platform and can better provide help for collecting marine environment noise; the data analysis software can analyze and research the marine noise data and display the marine noise data in a visual form, so that the aims of collecting, storing and researching marine environmental noise of the system are fulfilled.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a marine environmental noise measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a hydrophone structure according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the modular composition of a measurement acquisition function board according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a functional schematic of a programmable gain module according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a functional schematic of a low pass filtering module according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a SD card storage workflow diagram according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a functional schematic diagram of an RTC module in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a functional schematic of a power module according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of data analysis software according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a data analysis software data processing flow diagram in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Reference numeral, 1, a noise measurement hydrophone; 11. a black rubber portion; 12. a metal portion; 2. a measurement acquisition function board; 21. a program control gain amplification module; 22. a low-pass filtering module; 23. an analog-to-digital conversion module; 24. an MCU module; 25. a storage module; 26. an RTC module; 27. a power supply module; 28. an RS232 serial port module; 3. data analysis software.
Detailed Description
While the embodiments of the present invention will be described and illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following detailed description is taken as a preferred explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments are not limited to the embodiments of the present invention. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure relates to a marine environment noise measurement system. The purpose of the embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide a marine environmental noise measurement system, the noise measurement hydrophone 1 can collect marine environmental noise, and the measurement collection function board 2 amplifies, filters, converts and stores the collected signals; the data analysis software 3 can analyze hydrophone data, obtain sound source level, perform visual analysis on time domain, frequency domain, one-third octave and LOFAR spectrogram of the data, and achieve the purposes of system measurement, analysis and research on marine environmental noise.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more comprehensible, embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention is a marine environmental noise measurement system including: the system comprises a noise measurement hydrophone 1 (1-4 paths can be selected and configured), a measurement acquisition function board 2 and a money data analysis software 3.
The noise measurement hydrophone 1 is connected with the measurement acquisition function board 2 and used for acquiring marine environment noise data of the position, converting noise signals into electric signals and sending the signals to the measurement acquisition function board 2.
The measurement and acquisition function board 2 is connected with the noise measurement hydrophone 1 through a coaxial cable and used for providing a working power supply for the noise measurement hydrophone 1, receiving an electric signal sent by the noise measurement hydrophone 1, extracting marine environment noise data in the signal through gain amplification, low-pass filtering and analog-to-digital conversion, and storing the marine environment noise data locally.
The noise measurement hydrophone 1 adopts a piezoelectric circular tube type hydrophone as a marine environment noise acquisition system. The piezoelectric circular tube type hydrophone has the characteristics of flat sensitivity response, stable performance and simple structure.
Referring to fig. 2, the noise measuring hydrophone 1 was 91mm in overall length, 52.5mm in length and 22.6mm in diameter for the black rubber portion 11, 38.5mm in length and 16.6mm in diameter for the lower end metal portion 12, and had a total weight of 100g (± 5 g). The black rubber part 11 is a core component of the transducer, and can not be shielded and stressed during installation.
And a reserved interface on the bottom surface of the noise measurement hydrophone 1 is in butt joint with a coaxial cable, and the diameter of the coaxial cable is 8.6 mm. Each hydrophone interface is 4 wires: 2 signal lines, 1 power line of 28V and 1 ground line.
The noise measurement hydrophone 1 has the following technical indexes that the sensitivity is-196 dB, and the self noise is amplified by 50 times at the front stage due to the 0-stage sea condition, so that the noise measurement hydrophone can work at the depth of more than 1500m underwater.
The noise measurement hydrophone 1 is used for sensing a noise signal of a marine environment, performing sound-electricity conversion, converting the noise signal into an analog signal and transmitting the analog signal to the measurement acquisition function board 2.
Preferably, the installation positions of the noise measurement hydrophone 1 are respectively outside the measurement and acquisition platform, and a streamline air guide sleeve is additionally arranged outside the noise measurement hydrophone 1, so that the influence of hydrodynamic noise is reduced, and the noise measurement effect is ensured.
Referring to fig. 3, the performance index of the measurement and acquisition function board 2 is as follows: the power is supplied by adopting direct current 24V, and the power consumption is less than 1 watt; the attached RTC circuit provides real-time; the noise collection frequency band is better than 10Hz-25 kHz; adopting 4 paths of 24bit AD synchronous acquisition channels, wherein the sampling rate is 75 ksps; adopting program control gain amplification, stepping by 6 dB; any number of paths of data in the 4 paths can be stored selectively; and the receiving and sending are controlled by an RS232 serial port command.
The measurement and acquisition function board 2 comprises a program control gain amplification module 21, a low-pass filtering module 22, an analog-to-digital conversion module 23, an MCU module 24, a storage module 25, an RTC module 26, a power supply module 27 and an RS232 serial port module 28.
The program-controlled gain amplification module 21 is configured to receive an environmental noise signal sent by the noise measurement hydrophone 1, perform gain amplification on the signal, and transmit the signal to the low-pass filtering module 22;
the program control gain module is a two-channel 3bit digital gain controller, occupies little space of a PC board, and supports three power supply modes of single power supply, namely 3V, 5V and +/-5V; the two channels are respectively used as positive and negative signals of a differential signal, a single power supply 5V power supply mode is adopted, and 2.5V bias voltage at an input end can be provided by external 5V power supply voltage division.
Referring to fig. 4, the programmable gain chip includes two rail-to-rail output matched inverting amplifiers, and even if the chip is operated at unity gain, the rail-to-rail input signals still work. Generally, the output potential of the operational amplifier can only be changed within a range from a certain value larger than the negative power supply to a certain value smaller than the positive power supply. However, the output potential of the rail-to-rail amplifier can reach the value of a negative power supply at the minimum and the value of a positive power supply at the maximum, so that the dynamic range of the amplifier is increased.
The matching gains of the two channels of the programmable gain chip can be programmed and controlled through 3-bit digital input pins (G0, G1 and G2), and 8-step negative gains (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64) are respectively adjustable.
Referring to fig. 5, the low-pass filtering module 22 receives the marine environmental noise signal transmitted from the programmable gain amplifying module 21, filters high frequency components higher than the sampling frequency of 1/2, and transmits the signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module 23. The analog-to-digital conversion module 23 adopts an ADS1274 chip, can perform 24-bit 4-channel synchronous sampling, receives the marine environmental noise signal transmitted from the low-pass filtering module 22, converts the signal from an analog signal to a digital signal with a sampling rate of 75ksps, and transmits the marine environmental noise signal to the MCU module 24; the analog-to-digital conversion module 23 is connected with the MCU module 24 by an SPI interface.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the MCU module 24 receives the marine environmental noise signal transmitted from the analog-to-digital conversion module 23 and stores the signal in the SD card of the storage module 25 according to a protocol; the MCU module 24 receives and executes the instruction transmitted by the upper computer, and performs information interaction with the upper computer; the MCU module 24 is connected to the RTC module 26, and can control the programmable gain amplification module 21;
the storage module 25 receives the marine environment noise signal transmitted from the MCU module 24 and stores the marine environment noise signal into the SD card; the storage circuit consists of two SD cards with the capacity of 512GB, and the two SD cards can be connected to a bus of the MCU through a switch, so that the two SD cards can be operated in a time-sharing manner.
The RTC module 26 adopts PCF2129AT, and a high-precision oscillation source of +/-3 ppm is arranged in the chip. The RTC is connected to the MCU through an I2C interface. The RTC module 26 uses a miniature rechargeable battery as a backup power source.
Referring to fig. 8, the power supply module 27 is connected to a circuit with an external power supply voltage of 24V, and converts a required voltage through a DCDC chip and an LDO chip in the power supply module 27, wherein a 5V power supply is mainly used for an analog power supply of a chip in the analog-to-digital conversion module 23, a 1.8V power supply is mainly used for a digital power supply of the chip of the analog-to-digital conversion module 23, a 2.5V power supply is mainly used for a reference power supply of the chip of the analog-to-digital conversion module 23, and a 3.3V power supply is respectively used for an IO power supply of the chips of the MCU module 24 and the analog-to-digital.
The RS232 serial port module adopts MAX3221 and is a low-power TTL-to-RS 232 level conversion chip. The data analysis software 3 can carry out two working modes of multi-machine communication and local single-machine processing, realizes the visual analysis of data, visually displays the time domain, frequency domain FFT, one-third octave and the lofar spectrogram of the data, and realizes the parameter control processing of the pause, continuation, integration time and sensitivity of each channel of the display so as to better realize the analysis of the data.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the software modules include the following: the system comprises a plurality of modules, namely a user interface, function selection, display control, real-time or off-line processing selection, data reading, data analysis, data storage, interface screenshot storage, data visualization and the like. The modules are closely related, for example, a subsequent data processing mode is determined according to the selection of a real-time or off-line processing mode; and according to the selection of the displayed waveform, different processing is carried out to display different waveforms. The system adopts a multi-thread design structure and consists of a main thread and two secondary threads. The operation which occupies a long time of the memory can be processed and operated independently by using the thread, thereby avoiding the problems of stagnation and insufficient processing capability of a single thread.
In the aspect of data display, the display efficiency and data undistorted are considered, and a set of down-sampling processing strategy is finally determined after calculation and test, so that the drawing fluency and the data display distortionless property are realized.
In order to reduce the coupling of the whole system, the data analysis processing, the data splicing processing and the data display processing are separated into three threads to independently run. The data splicing processing part has two purposes, and splices data sent by UDP into complete data in a real-time mode and sends the complete data to a main thread for display processing; and in the off-line mode, receiving the data processed by the data processing thread, completing splicing, and sending to the main thread for displaying. The system itself considers improper input parameters and improper operation behaviors, and corresponding prompts or warnings can appear in corresponding improper operations, so that the system can not be crashed due to unsafe parameters.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a marine environment noise measurement system for underwater observation platform detects marine environment noise which characterized in that: the device comprises a noise measurement hydrophone (1), a measurement acquisition function board (2) and data analysis software (3), wherein the noise measurement hydrophone (1) is connected with the measurement acquisition function board (2) through a cabin-penetrating cable, the measurement acquisition function board (2) is connected with the underwater observation platform, the noise measurement hydrophone (1) and the measurement acquisition function board (2) are installed on the underwater observation platform and are electrically connected with each other, and the data analysis software (3) acquires information acquired by the measurement acquisition function board (2) and analyzes noise data of an ocean environment.
2. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the noise measurement hydrophone (1) adopts a piezoelectric circular tube type hydrophone and is provided with four paths, each path of noise measurement hydrophone (1) can be selectively configured, and the noise measurement hydrophone (1) converts marine environment noise signals into analog signals and sends the analog signals to the measurement acquisition function board (2).
3. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the measurement and acquisition function board (2) comprises a program control gain amplification module (21), a low-pass filtering module (22), an analog-to-digital conversion module (23), an MCU module (24), a storage module (25), an RTC module (26), a power supply module (27) and an RS232 serial port module (28), and the modules are electrically connected with one another.
4. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 3, wherein: the program control gain amplification module (21) receives the marine environment noise signal in the form of an analog signal sent by the noise measurement hydrophone (1), performs gain amplification on the signal, and transmits the signal to the low-pass filtering module (22), and the gain amplification factor in the signal processing method of the program control gain amplification module (21) can be adjusted, so that three power supply modes of single power supply 3V, 5V and +/-5V are supported.
5. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 4, wherein: the low-pass filtering module (22) receives the marine environment noise signal in the form of an analog signal transmitted by the program-controlled gain amplifying module (21), filters high-frequency components higher than the 1/2 sampling frequency, and transmits the signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module (23).
6. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 5, wherein: the analog-to-digital conversion module (23) receives the marine environment noise signal in the form of an analog signal transmitted by the low-pass filtering module (22), so that the signal is converted into a digital signal from the analog signal and transmitted to the MCU module (24), and the analog-to-digital conversion module (23) adopts 24-bit four-channel synchronous sampling and is connected with the MCU module (24) by adopting an SPI (serial peripheral interface).
7. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 6, wherein: the measurement acquisition function board (2) is configured to carry a RTC module (26) (real time clock chip) to provide accurate real time; when the external power is disconnected, the standby power is used to power the RTC module (26).
8. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the data analysis software (3) comprises a user main interface, function selection, display control, working mode switching, data reading, data analysis, data visualization, interface screenshot storage and data visualization, the data analysis software (3) adopts a multithreading design structure, and one main thread: data analysis and processing, and two secondary threads are formed: and data splicing processing and data display processing.
9. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 8, wherein: the data analysis software (3) adopts a down-sampling processing strategy to improve the fluency of visual display and the distortionless property of data, and the data analysis software (3) makes a mechanism for preventing system crash, improper input parameters and improper operation behaviors, and corresponding prompts or warnings can appear.
10. A marine environmental noise measurement system according to claim 9, wherein: the data analysis software (3) includes two modes: the multi-machine communication and the local single-machine processing are realized, the sound source level is read through different modes, the visual analysis of the time domain, the frequency domain, the one-third octave and the LOFAR spectrogram of the data is realized, and the processing of parameter control on the pause, the continuation, the integration time and the sensitivity of each channel of the display can be realized.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113108897A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-13 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Ocean environment noise field forecasting method based on non-uniform air seal sound source |
| CN113485180A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-08 | 中国人民解放军91550部队 | Self-contained multi-channel transient noise measurement system |
| CN114397007A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Underwater multi-channel distortion-free data acquisition and storage system under high sampling rate |
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| CN113485180A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-08 | 中国人民解放军91550部队 | Self-contained multi-channel transient noise measurement system |
| CN114397007A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Underwater multi-channel distortion-free data acquisition and storage system under high sampling rate |
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Application publication date: 20200922 |