CN111682273B - Lead storage battery formation method - Google Patents

Lead storage battery formation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111682273B
CN111682273B CN202010413900.4A CN202010413900A CN111682273B CN 111682273 B CN111682273 B CN 111682273B CN 202010413900 A CN202010413900 A CN 202010413900A CN 111682273 B CN111682273 B CN 111682273B
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battery
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pbo
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CN111682273A (en
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郭志刚
李海彪
沈菲
许宝云
李桂发
洪清富
宋文龙
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Tianneng Battery Group Co Ltd
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Tianneng Battery Group Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention discloses a lead storage battery formation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding 1.1-1.4 times of saturation into the batteryAbsorbing a sulfate aqueous solution with the liquid absorption amount and the mass concentration of 0.4-0.8%, then carrying out first-stage formation, and controlling the boiling point of water to be 50-60 ℃ by vacuumizing the interior of the battery; (2) adding 1.2-1.8 times of saturated liquid absorption amount and 1.19-1.25 g/ml of sulfuric acid solution into the battery, and then carrying out second-stage formation, wherein the boiling point of water is controlled to be 40-50 ℃ by vacuumizing the interior of the battery. According to the invention, the sulfate-containing aqueous solution is added firstly, the temperature rise of the battery is avoided, the formation time is obviously prolonged under the alkaline condition, the temperature of formation is controlled to be 50-60 ℃ through the vacuum degree, the rapid formation can be carried out by adopting large current, and the method is beneficial to alpha-PbO2Under the formation conditions of alpha-PbO, increase in the content of alpha-PbO2And (4) content. Then, sulfuric acid solution with certain concentration is added in the second stage, and battery formation is continued under the condition of certain vacuum degree, so that rapid formation can be realized. Post-cell formation alpha-PbO2The content is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Lead storage battery formation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lead storage batteries, in particular to a lead storage battery formation method.
Background
In the production process of the lead storage battery, the battery needs to be formed. During battery formation, because the density of the adopted electrolyte is higher, the temperature is increased during formation and acidification, the formation is generally carried out by adopting small current, the formation time is long, and the formed anode is alpha-PbO2The content of (a) is small, and the life of the battery is remarkably shortened.
For example, the invention with the publication number of CN105186055A discloses an internal formation charging method for a lead-acid storage battery, which sequentially comprises the following steps: step (a): charging for 0.2-0.5 hour by 0.03-0.06-2C 2; charging for 0.2-0.5 hour at 0.12-0.16C 2-2; step (b): pole-lowering circulating charge and discharge: after four charging and discharging cycles, switching to the step (c); step (c): charging for 7-9 hours at 0.23-0.27C 2-2; charging for 1-3 hours at 0.18C 2-0.22C 2; charging for 5-7 hours by 0.08C 2-0.12C 2; and completing internalization charging. The method controls the temperature in the charging process, and avoids micro short circuit caused by overhigh temperature of the lead-acid storage battery; the internalization time is short; the energy consumption is low; the crystal structure of the active material on the polar plate is not easy to be damaged in the charging process, and the cycle service life is longer than that of the groove formation lead-acid storage battery and the national standard requirement.
The invention with publication number CN109216811A discloses an internal formation process of a lead storage battery, which comprises the following steps: (1) charging until the voltage of the lead storage battery reaches 2.75V/cell, and then discharging at 0.7-1C until the voltage reaches 1.95V/cell; (2) charging the lead storage battery at constant current in a current decreasing mode until the voltage of the lead storage battery reaches 2.75V/cell, and then discharging the lead storage battery at 0.7-1C until the voltage reaches 1.95V/cell; (3) repeating the step (2) for 2-3 times; (4) charging the lead storage battery at constant current in a current decreasing mode until the voltage of the lead storage battery reaches 2.75V/cell, and then carrying out capacity detection; (5) and performing constant-current complementary charging in a current decreasing mode, and performing floating charging until the voltage is stable.
Therefore, how to accelerate the formation of the battery and simultaneously avoid the formation of alpha-PbO in the positive plate of the battery2Few phenomena and improvement of the service life of the battery are problems to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: an improvement of alpha-PbO when using battery formation2The method solves the problem of alpha-PbO caused by battery formation in the prior art2The invention has the advantages of low content and short service life of the battery, and in order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a lead storage battery formation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 1.1-1.4 times of saturated liquid absorption amount and 0.4-0.8% of sulfate aqueous solution into the battery, and then performing first-stage formation, wherein the boiling point of water is controlled to be 50-60 ℃ by vacuumizing the interior of the battery, and the charging amount of the first-stage formation is 2-3 times of the rated capacity of the battery;
(2) adding 1.2-1.8 times of saturated liquid absorption amount and 1.19-1.25 g/ml of sulfuric acid solution into the battery, and then carrying out second-stage formation, wherein the boiling point of water is controlled to be 40-50 ℃ by vacuumizing the interior of the battery, and the charging amount of the second-stage formation is 5-6 times of the rated capacity of the battery.
The boiling point of water is related to the pressure, and the higher the pressure is, the higher the boiling point of water is; the lower the gas pressure, the lower the boiling point of water. The boiling point of water in the battery can be controlled by controlling the vacuum degree through vacuumizing the interior of the battery, so that the temperature rise of the battery in the formation process can be controlled.
Preferably, the aqueous sulfate solution is an aqueous sodium sulfate solution.
Preferably, the control current is 1C to 1.5C during the first-stage formation in step (1).
Preferably, in the first formation stage in the step (1), the boiling point of water is controlled to be 60 ℃ by vacuumizing the interior of the cell. At too high a temperature, the plastic parts in the battery are easily deformed, for example, at 70 ℃, the battery case is deformed after the formation process.
Preferably, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.095 MPa to-0.07 MPa during the first-stage formation in the step (1).
Preferably, a sulfuric acid solution with the density of 1.22-1.25 g/ml is added in the step (2).
Preferably, the current is controlled to be 0.8 to 1.0C during the second-stage formation in step (2).
Preferably, in the second step of the step (2), the boiling point of water is controlled to 50 ℃ by evacuating the interior of the cell.
Preferably, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.095 MPa to-0.089 MPa during the second-stage formation in the step (2).
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the sulfate-containing aqueous solution is added firstly, after water is added, the temperature rise of a battery is avoided, the formation time under the alkaline condition is obviously prolonged, the temperature of the formation can be controlled to be 50-60 ℃ through the vacuum degree, the rapid formation can be carried out by adopting large current, and the method is beneficial to alpha-PbO2Under the formation conditions of alpha-PbO, increase in the content of alpha-PbO2And (4) content. Then, sulfuric acid solution with certain concentration is added in the second stage, and battery formation is continued under the condition of certain vacuum degree, so that rapid formation can be realized. Post-cell formation alpha-PbO2The content is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. Preparation of aqueous sodium sulfate solution
Preparing an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of sodium sulfate of 0.4%.
2. Initial formation
Preparing an assembled green sheet 20Ah battery, adding a prepared aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate into the battery, wherein the volume of the aqueous solution is 1.2 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume, placing the battery into a vacuum box after adding, carrying out battery formation after connecting a power line, controlling the vacuum degree to be-0.08 MPa (reading on a vacuum pressure gauge, which means the pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure when the atmospheric pressure is taken as a reference, and the negative value represents the vacuum degree), controlling the formation current to be 1.5C, and controlling the formation time to be 2h, so that the formation temperature can be accurately controlled to be 60 ℃, and the formation of alpha-PbO can be conveniently formed under the initial alkaline condition2。
3. Second step of formation
After the operation is finished, 1.25g/ml of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added, the volume of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.2 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume of the battery, the formation current is controlled to be 1C, the formation time is controlled to be 5h, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.089 MPa, the formation temperature is controlled to be 50 ℃, and the formation of the battery is finished.
4. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After formation of the cell, one cell was dissected and the positive plate α -PbO was measured2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
1. Preparation of aqueous sodium sulfate solution
Preparing an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of sodium sulfate of 0.4%.
2. Initial formation
Preparing the assembled green sheet 20Ah battery, adding the prepared aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate into the battery, wherein the volume of the aqueous solution is saturatedThe liquid absorption amount is 1.4 times of the liquid absorption amount, the battery is placed in a vacuum box after the liquid absorption amount is increased, the battery formation is carried out after a power line is connected, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.08 MPa (the reading on a vacuum pressure gauge indicates that the pressure is smaller than the atmospheric pressure when the atmospheric pressure is taken as the reference, the negative value indicates the vacuum degree), the formation current is controlled to be 1.0C, the formation time is 3h, therefore, the formation temperature can be accurately controlled to be 60 ℃, and alpha-PbO is conveniently formed under the initial alkaline condition2。
3. Second step of formation
After the operation is finished, 1.25g/ml of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added, the volume of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.2 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume of the battery, the formation current is controlled to be 1C, the formation time is controlled to be 5h, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.089 MPa, the formation temperature is controlled to be 50 ℃, and the formation of the battery is finished.
4. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After formation of the cell, one cell was dissected and the positive plate α -PbO was measured2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
1. Preparation of aqueous sodium sulfate solution
Preparing an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of sodium sulfate of 0.4%.
2. Initial formation
Preparing an assembled green sheet 20Ah battery, adding a prepared aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate into the battery, wherein the added volume is 1.4 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume, placing the battery in a vacuum box after adding, carrying out battery formation after connecting a power line, controlling the vacuum degree to be-0.089 MPa (reading on a vacuum pressure gauge, which means the pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure when the atmospheric pressure is taken as a reference, and the negative value represents the vacuum degree), controlling the formation current to be 1.5C, and controlling the formation time to be 2h, so that the formation temperature can be accurately controlled to be 50 ℃, and the formation of alpha-PbO is facilitated under the initial alkaline condition2。
3. Second step of formation
After the operation is finished, 1.25g/ml of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added, the volume of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.2 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume of the battery, the formation current is controlled to be 1C, the formation time is controlled to be 5h, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.089 MPa, the formation temperature is controlled to be 50 ℃, and the formation of the battery is finished.
4. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After formation of the cell, one cell was dissected and the positive plate α -PbO was measured2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 4
1. Preparation of aqueous sodium sulfate solution
Preparing an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of sodium sulfate of 0.4%.
2. Initial formation
Preparing an assembled green sheet 20Ah battery, adding a prepared aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate into the battery, wherein the added volume is 1.1 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume, placing the battery in a vacuum box after adding, carrying out battery formation after connecting a power line, controlling the vacuum degree to be-0.07 MPa (reading on a vacuum pressure gauge, which means the pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure when the atmospheric pressure is taken as a reference, and the negative value represents the vacuum degree), controlling the formation current to be 1.5 ℃ and the formation time to be 2h, so that the formation temperature can be accurately controlled to be 70 ℃, and the formation of alpha-PbO is facilitated under the initial alkaline condition2。
3. Second step of formation
After the operation is finished, 1.25g/ml of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added, the volume of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.2 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume of the battery, the formation current is controlled to be 1C, the formation time is controlled to be 5h, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.089 MPa, the formation temperature is controlled to be 50 ℃, and the formation of the battery is finished.
4. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After the cells are formed, one cell is dissected,determination of alpha-PbO of Positive electrode2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 5
1. Preparation of aqueous sodium sulfate solution
Preparing an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of sodium sulfate of 0.4%.
2. Initial formation
Preparing an assembled green sheet 20Ah battery, adding a prepared aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate into the battery, wherein the added volume is 1.4 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume, placing the battery in a vacuum box after adding, carrying out battery formation after connecting a power line, controlling the vacuum degree to be-0.08 MPa (reading on a vacuum pressure gauge, which means the pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure when the atmospheric pressure is taken as a reference, and the negative value represents the vacuum degree), controlling the formation current to be 1.0C, and controlling the formation time to be 3h, so that the formation temperature can be accurately controlled to be 60 ℃, and the formation of alpha-PbO is facilitated under the initial alkaline condition2。
3. Second step of formation
After the operation is finished, 1.22g/ml of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added, the volume of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.38 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume of the battery, the formation current is controlled to be 1C, the formation time is controlled to be 5h, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.095 MPa, the formation temperature is controlled to be 40 ℃, and the battery formation is finished.
4. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After formation of the cell, one cell was dissected and the positive plate α -PbO was measured2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 6
1. Preparation of aqueous sodium sulfate solution
Preparing an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of sodium sulfate of 0.4%.
2. Initial formation
Preparing an assembled green sheet 20Ah battery, adding a prepared aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate into the battery, wherein the added volume is 1.4 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume, placing the battery in a vacuum box after adding, carrying out battery formation after connecting a power line, controlling the vacuum degree to be-0.08 MPa (reading on a vacuum pressure gauge, which means the pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure when the atmospheric pressure is taken as a reference, and the negative value represents the vacuum degree), controlling the formation current to be 1.0C, and controlling the formation time to be 3h, so that the formation temperature can be accurately controlled to be 60 ℃, and the formation of alpha-PbO is facilitated under the initial alkaline condition2。
3. Second step of formation
After the operation is finished, 1.19g/ml of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added, the volume of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.6 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume of the battery, the formation current is controlled to be 0.8C, the formation time is 6.25h, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.095 MPa, the formation temperature is controlled to be 40 ℃, and the battery formation is finished.
4. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After formation of the cell, one cell was dissected and the positive plate α -PbO was measured2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 7
1. Preparation of aqueous sodium sulfate solution
Preparing an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of sodium sulfate of 0.4%.
2. Initial formation
Preparing an assembled green sheet 20Ah battery, adding a prepared aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate into the battery, wherein the volume of the added aqueous solution is 1.2 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume, placing the battery in a vacuum box after the addition, connecting a power line, and forming the battery, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.08 MPa (the reading on a vacuum pressure gauge indicates that the atmospheric pressure is used as the reading on the vacuum pressure gaugeThe pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure during the reference, the negative value indicates the vacuum degree), the formation current is controlled to be 1.0C, the formation time is 2h, thus the formation temperature can be accurately controlled to be 60 ℃, and the alpha-PbO can be conveniently formed under the initial alkaline condition2。
3. Second step of formation
After the operation is finished, 1.25g/ml of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added, the volume of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.2 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume of the battery, the formation current is controlled to be 1C, the formation time is 6.h, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.089 MPa, the formation temperature is controlled to be 50 ℃, and the formation of the battery is finished.
4. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After formation of the cell, one cell was dissected and the positive plate α -PbO was measured2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
1. Dilute sulfuric acid containing 0.8% by mass of sodium sulfate was prepared as an electrolyte, and the specific gravity of the electrolyte was controlled to 1.252g/ml after the addition of sodium sulfate.
2. Formation of battery
The above electrolyte solution having a density of 1.252g/ml was added to the battery, the amount of the electrolyte solution was 1.2 times the saturated liquid absorption amount, the temperature of the electrolyte solution was-5 ℃, the battery was placed in a water-cooled tank at 25 ℃ after vacuum acid addition, and after standing for 1 hour, charging was carried out by the following procedure. 3.6A charging for 48 h.
3. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After formation of the cell, one cell was dissected and the positive plate α -PbO was measured2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
1. Preparation of aqueous sodium sulfate solution
Preparing an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of sodium sulfate of 0.4%.
2. Initial formation
Preparing an assembled green sheet 20Ah battery, adding a prepared aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate into the battery, wherein the added volume is 1.4 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume, placing the battery in a vacuum box after adding, carrying out battery formation after connecting a power line, controlling the vacuum degree to be-0.095 MPa (reading on a vacuum pressure gauge, which means the pressure smaller than atmospheric pressure when the atmospheric pressure is taken as a reference, and the negative value represents the vacuum degree), controlling the formation current to be 1.5C, and controlling the formation time to be 2h, so that the formation temperature can be accurately controlled to be 40 ℃, and the formation of alpha-PbO is facilitated under the initial alkaline condition2。
3. Second step of formation
After the operation is finished, 1.25g/ml of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added, the volume of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.2 times of the saturated liquid absorption volume of the battery, the formation current is controlled to be 1C, the formation time is controlled to be 5.h, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.089 MPa, the formation temperature is controlled to be 50 ℃, and the formation of the battery is finished.
4. Physical and chemical property detection and electrochemical property detection
After formation of the cell, one cell was dissected and the positive plate α -PbO was measured2And (4) content. The other batteries were subjected to battery performance tests, and the battery cycling charge-discharge regime was as follows: the 12V 20Ah battery has a constant voltage of 14.7V, is charged for 4 hours under a current limit of 10A, is discharged to 10.2V under a current of 10A, and is used as a condition for the end of the life of the battery when the discharge time reaches 96 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: experimental results of battery comparative tests
Figure BDA0002494235090000081
From the above results, it can be seen that the addition of the aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate creates an alkaline condition, and the formation temperature is controlled by the vacuum degree to significantly increase the positive lead of the positive platealpha-PbO in paste2And the content is increased, thereby achieving the purpose of prolonging the service life of the battery. However, when the control temperature is too high (70 ℃) in the first formation, the shell deforms after formation, so that the too high temperature cannot be used; when the first formation temperature is controlled to be lower, such as 40 ℃, alpha-PbO in the positive lead paste of the positive plate2The content is improved less, and the cycle life of the battery is also improved less.

Claims (5)

1. A lead storage battery formation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding 1.1-1.4 times of saturated liquid absorption amount and 0.4-0.8% of sulfate aqueous solution into the battery, then carrying out first-stage formation, controlling the boiling point of water to be 50-60 ℃ by vacuumizing the interior of the battery,
during the first stage of formation, the current is controlled to be 1C-1.5C, the formation time is 2-3 h,
during the formation in the first stage, controlling the vacuum degree to be-0.095 MPa to-0.07 MPa;
(2) adding 1.2-1.8 times of saturated liquid absorption amount and 1.19-1.25 g/ml of sulfuric acid solution into the battery, then carrying out second-stage formation, vacuumizing the interior of the battery to control the boiling point of water to be 40-50 ℃,
during the second stage formation, the current is controlled to be 0.8C-1.0C, the formation time is 5-6.25 h,
during the second-stage formation, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.095 MPa to-0.089 MPa.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous sulfate solution is an aqueous sodium sulfate solution.
3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the boiling point of water is controlled to 60 ℃ by evacuating the inside of the cell during the first-stage formation in step (1).
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a sulfuric acid solution having a density of 1.22 to 1.25g/ml is added in the step (2).
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the second formation in the step (2), the boiling point of water is controlled to 50 ℃ by evacuating the inside of the cell.
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