CN111676508B - Electrolytic corrosion solution and application thereof - Google Patents

Electrolytic corrosion solution and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111676508B
CN111676508B CN202010409239.XA CN202010409239A CN111676508B CN 111676508 B CN111676508 B CN 111676508B CN 202010409239 A CN202010409239 A CN 202010409239A CN 111676508 B CN111676508 B CN 111676508B
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steel
electrolytic
corrosion
electrolytic corrosion
solution
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CN111676508A (en
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司启
宗亮
丁阳
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C25F3/06—Etching of iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic corrosion, and particularly relates to an electrolytic corrosion solution which comprises sodium acetate, sodium chloride and water, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium acetate is omega1The mass fraction of the sodium chloride is omega2，0.3％≤ω1≤ωSaturated sodium acetate，0.1％≤ω2≤ωSaturated sodium chloride，ωSaturated sodium acetateIs the mass fraction of saturated sodium acetate in the solution, omegaSaturated sodium chlorideIs the mass fraction of saturated sodium chloride in the solution. In addition, the invention also relates to the application of the electrolytic corrosion solution, steel is placed in the electrolytic corrosion solution as an anode, an inert material is placed in the electrolytic corrosion solution as a cathode, the anode and the cathode are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct current power supply through leads, and the steel is subjected to electrolytic corrosion by electrifying to obtain the steel with the pitting corrosion morphology. Compared with the prior art, the electrolytic corrosion solution disclosed by the invention can be used for generating corrosion to steel and generating a pitting phenomenon.

Description

Electrolytic corrosion solution and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic corrosion, and particularly relates to an electrolytic corrosion solution and application thereof.
Background
Steel is the most commonly used material in modern life and industrial production, and the steel is easy to corrode under the influence of a plurality of factors of atmospheric environment. For the marine atmospheric environment, the atmosphere contains a large amount of Cl-The corrosion to steel is particularly serious, and once the steel is corroded, serious consequences can be caused.
The electrolytic corrosion is corrosion caused by current supplied by an external power supply, oxidizing ions with high electrode potential are reduced in cathode discharge due to the external power supply, and electrons of active metal with low electrode potential in an anode area are oxidized to form cations to be separated from the surface of a material, so that the anode corrosion is formed. In the test, the steel material was used as an anode and was placed in an electrolytic bath containing an electrolytic etching solution to be electrified to accelerate the etching. Although the existing electrolytic corrosion solution for steel can effectively form corrosion, the corrosion effect of pitting corrosion cannot be generated on the surface of the steel, and the corrosion appearance is greatly different from the real corrosion of the steel in a natural environment.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a new electrolytic etching solution to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objects of the present invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the electrolytic corrosion solution is provided, which can cause corrosion of steel and pitting phenomenon.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an electrolytic corrosion solution comprises sodium acetate, sodium chloride and water, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium acetate is omega1The mass fraction of the sodium chloride is omega2，0.3％≤ω1≤ωSaturated sodium acetate，0.1％≤ω2≤ωSaturated sodium chloride，ωSaturated sodium acetateIs the mass fraction of saturated sodium acetate in the solution, omegaSaturated sodium chlorideIs the mass fraction of saturated sodium chloride in the solution.
As an improvement of the electrolytic corrosion solution, the mass fraction of the sodium acetate is 0.5%.
As an improvement of the electrolytic etching solution, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride is 0.2%.
The preparation method of the electrolytic corrosion solution is specifically as follows: dissolving a certain amount of sodium acetate and sodium chloride in water, and mixing uniformly.
The second purpose of the invention is: there is provided the use of an electrolytic etching solution as hereinbefore described comprising the steps of:
1) adding the electrolytic corrosion solution into the electrolytic bath;
2) pretreating steel, then placing the steel in the electrolytic corrosion solution as an anode, placing an inert material which does not react with the electrolytic corrosion solution in the electrolytic corrosion solution as a cathode, and connecting the anode and the cathode with the anode and the cathode of a direct-current power supply through leads;
3) and electrifying the anode and the cathode in the electrolytic bath through a direct current power supply to carry out electrolytic corrosion on the steel so as to obtain the steel with the pitting corrosion morphology.
As an improvement of the application of the electrolytic corrosion solution, in the step 2), the surface of the steel is polished to a mirror surface step by step, and then the surface of the steel is cleaned by acetone. The steel surface is pretreated, so that the surface is flat and smooth, and the corrosion appearance of the surface can be observed conveniently after subsequent corrosion.
As an improvement of the application of the electrolytic corrosion solution of the invention, the steel is low-carbon steel or high-strength steel.
As an improvement of the application of the electrolytic etching solution of the invention, the inert material is carbon rod or graphite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts electrolytic corrosion solution containing sodium acetate and sodium chloride, and uses steel as anode to form electrolysis device, and the obvious characteristic of metal oxidation process in the solution containing sodium acetate is that an oxidation product layer is formed on the surface of electrode, and corrosive anion (Cl)-) The oxide layer is transferred to the surface of the metal to promote the local destruction of the passive film and the corrosive dissolution of the metal, thereby not only accelerating the corrosion of the steel, but also generating the pitting phenomenon and being closer to the real corrosion appearance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between steel, graphite and DC power supply.
FIG. 2 is a macroscopic corrosion morphology diagram of the steel material in example 1 after being electrified for 60min in the electrolytic corrosion solution.
FIG. 3 is a macroscopic corrosion morphology diagram of the steel material in example 1 after being electrified for 120min in the electrolytic corrosion solution.
FIG. 4 is a macroscopic corrosion morphology diagram of the steel material in example 1 after being electrified for 200min in the electrolytic corrosion solution.
FIG. 5 is a macroscopic corrosion morphology diagram of the steel material in comparative example 1 after being electrified for 60min in the electrolytic corrosion solution.
FIG. 6 is a microscopic corrosion morphology image of the corrosion surface of the steel material in example 1 after being electrified for 60min in the electrolytic corrosion solution, which is observed by an optical microscope.
FIG. 7 is a microscopic corrosion morphology image of the corrosion surface of the steel material in example 1 observed by an optical microscope after being electrified for 120min in the electrolytic corrosion solution.
FIG. 8 is a microscopic corrosion morphology image of the corrosion surface of the steel material in example 1 after being electrified for 200min in the electrolytic corrosion solution, which is observed by an optical microscope.
FIG. 9 is a microscopic corrosion morphology of the corrosion surface of the steel material in comparative example 1 after being electrified for 60min in the electrolytic corrosion solution, observed by an optical microscope.
Wherein: 1-electrolytic corrosion solution, 2-electrolytic bath, 3-anode, 4-cathode and 5-direct current power supply.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
1) Uniformly mixing sodium acetate, water and sodium chloride to prepare an electrolytic corrosion solution 1, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium acetate is 0.5%, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride is 0.2%, and putting the electrolytic corrosion solution 1 into an electrolytic bath 2;
2) firstly, polishing the surface of a steel product to a mirror surface step by using 800# to 1200# waterproof abrasive paper, then cleaning the surface of the steel product by using acetone, placing the steel product in an electrolytic corrosion solution 1 as an anode 3, placing a carbon rod in the electrolytic corrosion solution 1 as a cathode 4, and connecting the anode 3 and the cathode 4 with the anode and the cathode of a direct-current power supply 5 through leads, as shown in figure 1;
3) the anode 3 and the cathode 4 in the electrolytic bath 2 are electrified by a direct current power supply 5 to carry out electrolytic corrosion on the steel material, and the electrified current density is 300A/m2The electrifying time is respectively 60min, 120min and 200 min.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is:
the mass fraction of sodium acetate is 0.3%, and the mass fraction of sodium chloride is 0.1%.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is:
the mass fraction of sodium acetate is 0.5%, and sodium chloride is saturated in the solution.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is:
sodium acetate was saturated in the solution with 0.2% sodium chloride.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is:
sodium acetate is saturated in the solution, as is sodium chloride.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example 1
1) Uniformly mixing water and sodium chloride to prepare an electrolytic corrosion solution 1, wherein the sodium chloride is 0.2%, and putting the electrolytic corrosion solution 1 into an electrolytic bath 2;
2) firstly, polishing the surface of a steel product to a mirror surface step by using 800# to 1200# waterproof abrasive paper, then cleaning the surface of the steel product by using acetone, placing the steel product in an electrolytic corrosion solution 1 to be used as an anode 3, placing a carbon rod in the electrolytic corrosion solution 1 to be used as a cathode 4, and connecting the anode 3 and the cathode 4 with the anode and the cathode of a direct current power supply 5 through leads, as shown in figure 1;
3) is electrified by a DC power supply 5The anode 3 and the cathode 4 in the electrolytic bath 2 are electrified to carry out electrolytic corrosion on the steel, and the electrified current density is 300A/m2The electrifying time is 60 min.
After the steel after electrolytic corrosion is taken out, according to the standard requirement of 'removing corrosion products on corrosion samples of metals and alloys' (GB/T16545-. Wherein the macroscopically corroded surface of the steel obtained in the example 1 after rust removal is shown in fig. 2-4, the macroscopically corroded surface of the steel obtained in the comparative example 1 after rust removal is shown in fig. 5, the microscopically corroded morphology of the steel obtained in the example 1 is shown in fig. 6-8, and the microscopically corroded morphology of the steel obtained in the comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 9; the corrosion surfaces of the steel materials obtained in examples 2 to 5 were substantially the same as those of example 1, and therefore, the corrosion surfaces of the steel materials obtained in examples 2 to 5 were not shown in the present invention.
The results of the corrosion morphology show that: the steel can form a pitting effect in a mixed solution of sodium acetate and sodium chloride, and the corrosion is expanded to the whole surface along with the increase of the corrosion degree; the steel has uniform corrosion appearance surface in sodium chloride solution and no pitting effect. This is because the oxidation process of the metal in the sodium acetate solution can form an oxidation product layer on the surface of the electrode, and the solution also contains sodium chloride, and corrosive anions (Cl-) migrate to the surface of the metal through the oxidation product layer, promoting the local destruction of the passivation film and the corrosive dissolution of the metal.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may also occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as disclosed and taught herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any obvious improvement, replacement or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (6)

1. The application of the electrolytic corrosion solution is characterized in that the electrolytic corrosion solution comprises sodium acetate, sodium chloride and water, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium acetate is omega1The mass fraction of the sodium chloride is omega2Wherein omega is more than or equal to 0.3 percent1≤0.5％，0.1％≤ω2≤0.2％；
The application of the electrolytic etching solution comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an electrolytic corrosion solution, which comprises dissolving a certain amount of sodium acetate and sodium chloride in water, uniformly mixing, and adding the obtained electrolytic corrosion solution into an electrolytic bath;
2) pretreating steel, then placing the steel in the electrolytic corrosion solution as an anode, placing an inert material which does not react with the electrolytic corrosion solution in the electrolytic corrosion solution as a cathode, and connecting the anode and the cathode with the anode and the cathode of a direct-current power supply through leads;
3) electrifying the anode and the cathode in the electrolytic cell by a direct current power supply, wherein the electrified current density is 300A/m2And carrying out electrolytic corrosion on the steel so as to form a real corrosion appearance with pitting corrosion close to the natural environment on the surface of the steel.
2. The use of the electrolytic etching solution according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the surface of the steel material is polished to a mirror surface step by step, and then the surface of the steel material is cleaned with acetone.
3. Use of an electrolytic etching solution according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel material is a low carbon steel or a high strength steel.
4. Use of an electrolytic etching solution according to claim 1, characterized in that the inert material is carbon rods or graphite.
5. Use of an electrolytic etching solution according to claim 1, wherein the sodium acetate is present in a mass fraction of 0.5%.
6. Use of an electrolytic etching solution according to claim 1, wherein the sodium chloride is present in a mass fraction of 0.2%.
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CN114934305A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-23 武汉钢铁有限公司 Reaction device and reaction method for accelerating formation of stable rust layer of weather-resistant steel plate

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