CN111676383A - Vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111676383A CN111676383A CN202010517802.5A CN202010517802A CN111676383A CN 111676383 A CN111676383 A CN 111676383A CN 202010517802 A CN202010517802 A CN 202010517802A CN 111676383 A CN111676383 A CN 111676383A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
- C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron, which belongs to the technical field of casting and comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 42-52 parts by weight of silicon; 9-15 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 2-5 parts by weight of calcium; 1-3 parts by weight of aluminum; 25-35 parts by weight of iron; 2.5 to 4.5 parts by weight of magnesium and a small amount of unavoidable impurity elements; the rare earth RE with the weight parts of 9-15 is derived from a mixed rare earth alloy material, the mixed rare earth alloy material comprises an RESiFe alloy material and an RESiCa alloy material, and the rare earth components comprise, by weight, 10-20 parts of Y, 10-70 parts of La and 5-30 parts of Ce. The melting point of the alloy material is reduced by the combined use of the rare earth metal material, the dissolution speed of the alloy can be improved, the yield of the vermicular agent in casting can be improved by the combined use of other metal elements, the strength of the vermicular iron is improved, and the defect of serious chilling tendency in the prior art is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting, and particularly relates to a vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron and a preparation method thereof.
Background
There are many kinds of vermiculizer currently used in China, and there are two kinds of vermiculizer currently used, the first kind is an alloy with magnesium playing a main vermiculizing role, and the other kind is an alloy with rare earth playing a main vermiculizing role. The first class of magnesium alloys, which have a predominant vermicular effect, can reduce the tendency to white-bite and are added in smaller amounts, but the effect of this class of vermiculizer is still not sufficiently stable.
Therefore, the vermiculizer which mainly uses rare earth has a vermiculizing effect and is widely used, but the vermiculizer can form a dense rare earth oxygen film on the surface of particles in molten iron in the casting process, so that the yield of rare earth is low, and the white cast tendency is not improved.
Aiming at the defects of narrow vermicular cast iron range, serious chilling tendency and weak anti-fading capability in the prior art, the research of the novel heat-resistant vermicular cast iron is carried out at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron aiming at the problems in the prior art, wherein the vermiculizer is made of rare earth vermiculizer made of RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and solves the problems in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 42-52 parts by weight of silicon; 9-15 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 2-5 parts by weight of calcium; 1-3 parts by weight of aluminum; 25-35 parts by weight of iron; 2.5 to 4.5 parts by weight of magnesium and a small amount of unavoidable impurity elements; the rare earth RE with the weight parts of 9-15 is derived from a mixed rare earth alloy material, the mixed rare earth alloy material comprises an RESiFe alloy material and an RESiCa alloy material, and the rare earth components comprise, by weight, 10-20 parts of Y, 10-70 parts of La and 5-30 parts of Ce.
Further, the shape of the vermiculizer is blocky; the particle size of the vermiculizer is 20-80 mm, and the melting point range of the vermiculizer is 1200-1450 ℃.
Further, 25-35 parts by weight of iron is derived from 75B ferrosilicon and ferromanganese; the 2.5-4.5 parts by weight of magnesium, 2-5 parts by weight of calcium and 1-3 parts by weight of aluminum are respectively derived from metal magnesium, metal calcium and metal aluminum.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the vermiculizer for the heat-resistant cast iron, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, raw material preparation: taking 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese as raw materials, mixing RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and crushing for later use;
step two, smelting: gradually heating, gradually adding the crushed powder when the temperature is increased to 600-800 ℃, starting stirring when the temperature is increased to more than 1000 ℃, starting smelting after the temperature is increased to 1250 ℃, and then crushing and extruding to prepare a vermiculizer raw material;
step three, press forming: and D, performing compression molding on the vermiculizer raw material particles obtained in the step two.
Further, the crushing treatment in the step one is as follows: and crushing raw materials of 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese alloy by using a jaw crusher pair roller, and preparing and sieving the raw materials into powder of 60-80 meshes for later use.
Further, the process in the second step comprises the following steps: smelting by using a 1-ton medium-frequency induction furnace at 1250-1360 ℃, and keeping smelting at 1250-1360 ℃ until the smelting state is reached.
Further, the pressed size in the third step is phi 20mm multiplied by 16 mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention and the prior art are as follows:
the mixed rare earth alloy material adopted in the invention comprises RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and the composite use of the two rare earth materials reduces the melting point of the alloy material and can improve the dissolution speed of the alloy; meanwhile, the magnesium in the amount of 2.5-4.5 parts by weight can improve the density of the vermiculizer, improve the yield of the vermiculizer in casting, improve the strength of the vermicular cast iron and reduce the defect of serious chilling tendency in the prior art;
according to the invention, reasonable balance weights of 42-52 parts by weight of silicon, 9-15 parts by weight of rare earth RE and 25-35 parts by weight of iron are adopted, and the contents of Y10-20 parts by weight, La 10-70 parts by weight and Ce 5-30 parts by weight can be determined, so that the melting point of the vermiculizer can be further reduced, and the whitening promoting capability of the alloy can be reduced, but the silicon content is kept at 42-52 parts by weight, so that the vermiculizer keeps beneficial characteristics, and the density of the alloy can not be reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Step one, raw material preparation: taking 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese as raw materials, mixing RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and crushing, namely crushing the raw materials of the 75B ferrosilicon, the rare earth mixed metal, the metal magnesium, the metal calcium, the metal aluminum and the ferromanganese by a jaw crusher, and preparing and sieving 60-80 meshes of powder for later use;
wherein the raw materials comprise: 46 parts by weight of silicon; 10 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 3 parts by weight of calcium; 2 parts by weight of aluminum; 30 parts by weight of iron; 4 parts by weight of magnesium and a small amount of unavoidable impurity elements; 10 parts by weight of RESiFe and RESiCa.
Step two, smelting: gradually heating, gradually adding the crushed powder when the temperature is increased to 600-800 ℃, starting stirring when the temperature is increased to more than 1000 ℃, starting smelting after the temperature is increased to 1250 ℃, using a 1-ton medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting at the smelting temperature of 1250-1360 ℃, keeping the smelting at 1250-1360 ℃, smelting to a molten state, carrying out ingot casting and cooling, then crushing, and extruding to prepare a vermiculizer raw material;
step three, press forming: and D, performing compression molding on the vermiculizer raw material particles obtained in the step two, wherein the compressed size is phi 20mm multiplied by 16 mm.
Example 2
Step one, raw material preparation: taking 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese as raw materials, mixing RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and crushing, namely crushing the raw materials of the 75B ferrosilicon, the rare earth mixed metal, the metal magnesium, the metal calcium, the metal aluminum and the ferromanganese by a jaw crusher, and preparing and sieving 60-80 meshes of powder for later use;
wherein the raw materials comprise: 42 parts by weight of silicon; 9 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 2 parts by weight of calcium; 1 part by weight of aluminum; 25 parts by weight of iron; 2.5 parts by weight of magnesium and small amounts of unavoidable impurity elements; the alloy material of 9 parts by weight of RESiFe and RESiCa.
Step two, smelting: gradually heating, gradually adding the crushed powder when the temperature is increased to 600-800 ℃, starting stirring when the temperature is increased to more than 1000 ℃, starting smelting after the temperature is increased to 1250 ℃, using a 1-ton medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting at the smelting temperature of 1250-1360 ℃, keeping the smelting at 1250-1360 ℃, smelting to a molten state, carrying out ingot casting and cooling, then crushing, and extruding to prepare a vermiculizer raw material;
step three, press forming: and D, performing compression molding on the vermiculizer raw material particles obtained in the step two, wherein the compressed size is phi 20mm multiplied by 16 mm.
Example 3
Step one, raw material preparation: taking 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese as raw materials, mixing RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and crushing, namely crushing the raw materials of the 75B ferrosilicon, the rare earth mixed metal, the metal magnesium, the metal calcium, the metal aluminum and the ferromanganese by a jaw crusher, and preparing and sieving 60-80 meshes of powder for later use;
wherein the raw materials comprise: 52 parts by weight of silicon; 15 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 5 parts by weight of calcium; 3 parts by weight of aluminum; 35 parts by weight of iron; 4.5 parts by weight of magnesium and small amounts of unavoidable impurity elements; the alloy material of 15 parts by weight of RESiFe and RESiCa.
Step two, smelting: gradually heating, gradually adding the crushed powder when the temperature is increased to 600-800 ℃, starting stirring when the temperature is increased to more than 1000 ℃, starting smelting after the temperature is increased to 1250 ℃, using a 1-ton medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting at the smelting temperature of 1250-1360 ℃, keeping the smelting at 1250-1360 ℃, smelting to a molten state, carrying out ingot casting and cooling, then crushing, and extruding to prepare a vermiculizer raw material;
step three, press forming: and D, performing compression molding on the vermiculizer raw material particles obtained in the step two, wherein the compressed size is phi 20mm multiplied by 16 mm.
Comparative example 1
Step one, raw material preparation: taking 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese as raw materials, mixing RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and crushing, namely crushing the raw materials of the 75B ferrosilicon, the rare earth mixed metal, the metal magnesium, the metal calcium, the metal aluminum and the ferromanganese by a jaw crusher, and preparing and sieving 60-80 meshes of powder for later use;
wherein the raw materials comprise: 10 parts by weight of silicon; 10 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 3 parts by weight of calcium; 2 parts by weight of aluminum; 30 parts by weight of iron; 4 parts by weight of magnesium and a small amount of unavoidable impurity elements; 10 parts by weight of RESiFe and RESiCa.
Step two, smelting: gradually heating, gradually adding the crushed powder when the temperature is increased to 600-800 ℃, starting stirring when the temperature is increased to more than 1000 ℃, starting smelting after the temperature is increased to 1250 ℃, using a 1-ton medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting at the smelting temperature of 1250-1360 ℃, keeping the smelting at 1250-1360 ℃, smelting to a molten state, carrying out ingot casting and cooling, then crushing, and extruding to prepare a vermiculizer raw material;
step three, press forming: and D, performing compression molding on the vermiculizer raw material particles obtained in the step two, wherein the compressed size is phi 20mm multiplied by 16 mm.
Comparative example 2
Step one, raw material preparation: taking 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese as raw materials, mixing RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and crushing, namely crushing the raw materials of the 75B ferrosilicon, the rare earth mixed metal, the metal magnesium, the metal calcium, the metal aluminum and the ferromanganese by a jaw crusher, and preparing and sieving 60-80 meshes of powder for later use;
wherein the raw materials comprise: 70 parts by weight of silicon; 9 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 2 parts by weight of calcium; 1 part by weight of aluminum; 25 parts by weight of iron; 2.5 parts by weight of magnesium and small amounts of unavoidable impurity elements; the alloy material of 9 parts by weight of RESiFe and RESiCa.
Step two, smelting: gradually heating, gradually adding the crushed powder when the temperature is increased to 600-800 ℃, starting stirring when the temperature is increased to more than 1000 ℃, starting smelting after the temperature is increased to 1250 ℃, using a 1-ton medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting at the smelting temperature of 1250-1360 ℃, keeping the smelting at 1250-1360 ℃, smelting to a molten state, carrying out ingot casting and cooling, then crushing, and extruding to prepare a vermiculizer raw material;
step three, press forming: and D, performing compression molding on the vermiculizer raw material particles obtained in the step two, wherein the compressed size is phi 20mm multiplied by 16 mm.
Comparative example 3
Step one, raw material preparation: taking 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese as raw materials, mixing RESiCa alloy materials, and crushing, namely crushing the raw materials of the 75B ferrosilicon, the rare earth mixed metal, the metal magnesium, the metal calcium, the metal aluminum and the ferromanganese by a jaw crusher, and preparing and sieving the raw materials into 60-80 meshes of powder for later use;
wherein the raw materials comprise: 52 parts by weight of silicon; 15 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 5 parts by weight of calcium; 3 parts by weight of aluminum; 35 parts by weight of iron; 4.5 parts by weight of magnesium and small amounts of unavoidable impurity elements; the 15 parts by weight of RESiCa alloy material.
Step two, smelting: gradually heating, gradually adding the crushed powder when the temperature is increased to 600-800 ℃, starting stirring when the temperature is increased to more than 1000 ℃, starting smelting after the temperature is increased to 1250 ℃, using a 1-ton medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting at the smelting temperature of 1250-1360 ℃, keeping the smelting at 1250-1360 ℃, smelting to a molten state, carrying out ingot casting and cooling, then crushing, and extruding to prepare a vermiculizer raw material;
step three, press forming: and D, performing compression molding on the vermiculizer raw material particles obtained in the step two, wherein the compressed size is phi 20mm multiplied by 16 mm.
And (3) analyzing data results:
the present comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that 46 parts by weight of silicon in example 1 and 10 parts by weight of silicon in comparative example 1 are reduced in silicon content and the density of the alloy in the present comparative example is lowered.
The present comparative example 2 is different from the example 2 in that the silicon content is greatly increased for 46 parts by weight of silicon in the example 1 and 70 parts by weight of silicon in the comparative example 2, and the density of the alloy in the comparative example 2 is not substantially changed.
This comparative example 3 is different from example 3 in that the misch metal alloy material in example 3 includes an alloy material of RESiFe and RESiCa, and there is no RESiFe alloy material in comparative example 3, wherein the melting point of the alloy material in comparative example 3 is high compared to that of the alloy material in example 3, and further, the dissolution rate of the alloy in comparative example 3 is slow.
Therefore, the above results are combined, and 42 to 52 parts by weight of silicon in the examples of the present invention is the optimum silicon content. The alloy materials of RESiFe and RESiCa are compounded, so that the melting point of the alloy materials is reduced, and the dissolving speed of the alloy can be improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron comprises the following materials in parts by weight:
42-52 parts by weight of silicon; 9-15 parts by weight of rare earth RE; 2-5 parts by weight of calcium; 1-3 parts by weight of aluminum; 25-35 parts by weight of iron; 2.5 to 4.5 parts by weight of magnesium and a small amount of unavoidable impurity elements; the rare earth RE with the weight parts of 9-15 is derived from a mixed rare earth alloy material, the mixed rare earth alloy material comprises an RESiFe alloy material and an RESiCa alloy material, and the rare earth components comprise, by weight, 10-20 parts of Y, 10-70 parts of La and 5-30 parts of Ce.
2. The vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the vermiculizer is in the shape of a block; the particle size of the vermiculizer is 20-80 mm, and the melting point range of the vermiculizer is 1200-1450 ℃.
3. The vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the iron component of 25 to 35 parts by weight is derived from 75B ferrosilicon and ferromanganese; the 2.5-4.5 parts by weight of magnesium, 2-5 parts by weight of calcium and 1-3 parts by weight of aluminum are respectively derived from metal magnesium, metal calcium and metal aluminum.
4. A method for preparing a vermiculizer for heat-resistant cast iron according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step one, raw material preparation: taking 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese as raw materials, mixing RESiFe and RESiCa alloy materials, and crushing for later use;
step two, smelting: gradually heating, gradually adding the crushed powder when the temperature is increased to 600-800 ℃, starting stirring when the temperature is increased to more than 1000 ℃, starting smelting after the temperature is increased to 1250 ℃, and then crushing and extruding to prepare a vermiculizer raw material;
step three, press forming: and D, performing compression molding on the vermiculizer raw material particles obtained in the step two.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the crushing treatment in the first step is: and crushing raw materials of 75B ferrosilicon, rare earth mixed metal, metal magnesium, metal calcium, metal aluminum and ferromanganese alloy by using a jaw crusher pair roller, and preparing and sieving the raw materials into powder of 60-80 meshes for later use.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the process in the second step is as follows: smelting by using a 1-ton medium-frequency induction furnace at 1250-1360 ℃, and keeping smelting at 1250-1360 ℃ until the smelting state is reached.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the compacted size in step three is 20mm x 16 mm.
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2020
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Application publication date: 20200918 |