CN111675844A - Cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit - Google Patents
Cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
- C08K2003/323—Ammonium polyphosphate
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- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
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- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
- C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
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- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/062—HDPE
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
Abstract
The invention discloses a cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of crosslinked polyethylene, 25-35 parts of flame retardant, 20-30 parts of high-density polyethylene resin, 3-5 parts of carbon black and 0.5-1 part of antioxidant; uniformly mixing crosslinked polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding a flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 5-10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material; the low-density polyethylene and the like are mixed, the compound A can enable the low-density polyethylene to form a three-dimensional network structure, the palygorskite structure of the compound A can improve the internal binding force of the low-density polyethylene, and further the prepared crosslinked polyethylene is endowed with excellent mechanical properties, and further the cable is endowed with excellent mechanical strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cable preparation, and particularly relates to a cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit.
Background
At present, the flame-retardant polyethylene cable material is widely used for wires and cables, particularly for ultrahigh-voltage cable sheaths, and is widely applied to the production of power cables due to the excellent mechanical property and processability of polyethylene.
However, due to the characteristics of the halogen flame retardant, the mechanical properties of the flame retardant are reduced due to the addition of the halogen flame retardant, and if the dispersibility of the flame retardant is poor, the mechanical properties of the flame-retardant polyethylene cable material are easily reduced and the data are unstable. The tensile strength and the elongation at break are respectively reduced by about 40 percent and 35 percent compared with the tensile strength and the elongation at break before adding the flame retardant.
Besides mechanical properties, the environmental stress cracking resistance of the cable sheath is particularly influenced, and as the extra-high voltage cable sheath needs to ensure certain hardness and mechanical properties, more high-density polyethylene resin needs to be added into the formula, and the environmental stress cracking resistance of the high-density polyethylene resin is poorer, and particularly, after a large amount of flame retardant is absorbed, the performance is poorer.
Chinese patent CN105778206A discloses a soft polyethylene cable sheath material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyethylene resin; 10-50 parts of a flexibility modifier; 0.6-2 parts of a lubricant; 0.6-1 part of antioxidant; 2-10 parts of anti-ultraviolet master batch. The invention further provides a preparation method of the soft polyethylene cable sheath material. The soft polyethylene cable sheath material provided by the invention has good flexibility, and can effectively improve the original brittleness and the non-bending property of the polyethylene cable material, so that the application range of the polyethylene cable material can be effectively expanded, and the amount of the polyethylene cable material in the market is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problem, the invention provides a cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
the mechanical property of the power cable used at present is reduced due to the addition of the flame retardant, and if the dispersibility of the flame retardant is poor, the mechanical property of the polyethylene cable is more easily reduced.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of crosslinked polyethylene, 25-35 parts of flame retardant, 20-30 parts of high-density polyethylene resin, 3-5 parts of carbon black and 0.5-1 part of antioxidant;
the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared by the following method:
step one, uniformly mixing crosslinked polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding a flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 5-10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material;
and secondly, wrapping the prepared cable material on the surface of a conductor, and preparing the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit after traction, cooling, sizing and coiling.
Further, the antioxidant is one or two of antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168 which are mixed according to any proportion.
Further, the crosslinked polyethylene is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding palygorskite into deionized water, stirring at a constant speed and ultrasonically dispersing for 10min, heating in a water bath at 55-60 ℃, continuing stirring for 2h, standing and settling, taking suspension for centrifugation, washing filter residue for three times by using the deionized water, then adding the filter residue into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating in the water bath at 60-65 ℃, stirring for 1h, then taking out, washing by using the deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and preparing the treated palygorskite;
step S2, adding the treated palygorskite into a mixed solvent, magnetically stirring for 1h, then adding vinyl triethoxysilane, adding glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH until the pH is 4-5, stirring at a constant speed for 1h, then refluxing for 20h at 75-80 ℃, then cooling, filtering, grinding, sieving with a 150-mesh sieve, and then refluxing for 20h at 140 ℃ by using a dimethylbenzene solution with the mass fraction of 10% to prepare a compound A, wherein the weight ratio of the palygorskite to the vinyl triethoxysilane to the mixed solvent is 1: 2: 10;
and step S3, adding the low-density polyethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding the antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and roll wrapping, adding the compound A, mixing for 15min, and extruding to obtain the crosslinked polyethylene.
Further, the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene, the antioxidant 168, the stearic acid, the dicumyl peroxide, the glyceryl laurate and the compound A in the step S3 is 100: 0.3: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 8-10.
Step S1, firstly adding palygorskite into deionized water for dispersion, then standing for sedimentation, taking suspension for centrifugation, purifying the palygorskite, then carrying out alkali treatment on the palygorskite, at present, acid is often used for treatment, but chloride ions are introduced into the palygorskite, 10% sodium hydroxide solution is added for activation, the treated palygorskite is prepared, step S2 is carried out, mixed solvent is added, then vinyltriethoxysilane is added, and the vinyltriethoxysilane can be hydrolyzed, therefore, the mixed solvent is used, the vinyltriethoxysilane can be grafted on the surface of the palygorskite under the acidic condition, the compound A is prepared, the xylene solution is refluxed for 20h to remove the ungrafted vinyltriethoxysilane, step S3 is used for mixing low-density polyethylene, the compound A and the like, and the compound A can enable the low-density polyethylene to form a three-dimensional network structure, the compatibility of the compound A with a matrix material is improved, and the palygorskite structure of the compound A can improve the internal binding force of the low-density polyethylene, so that the prepared crosslinked polyethylene has excellent mechanical properties.
Further, the mixed solvent is formed by mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 9: 1.
Further, the flame retardant is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding phosphorus oxychloride and acetonitrile into a three-neck flask, heating in a water bath at 45-50 ℃ and stirring at a constant speed, adding PEPA, continuously stirring until the solution is clear, then heating to 65-70 ℃, refluxing for 10-15h, stopping the reaction, filtering while hot to obtain a compound B, and controlling the weight ratio of the phosphorus oxychloride to the acetonitrile to the PEPA to be 1: 3-5: 2;
(2) adding the compound B into acetonitrile, heating in a water bath at 45-50 ℃ and stirring at a constant speed until the compound B is completely dissolved, adding hydroquinone, magnetically stirring for 30min, heating to 65 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, heating to 85-90 ℃, reacting for 3h at the temperature, cooling, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times to obtain a compound C, and controlling the weight ratio of the compound B to the acetonitrile to the hydroquinone to be 1: 2: 0.1;
(3) uniformly mixing the compound C and ammonium polyphosphate, adding polypropylene, mixing and rolling in an open mill for 15-20min, then carrying out hot pressing at 150-160 ℃, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain the flame retardant, wherein the weight ratio of the compound C to the ammonium polyphosphate is controlled to be 10: 1.
Reacting phosphorus oxychloride with PEPA in the step (1), replacing hydroxyl on PEPA with chlorine on the phosphorus oxychloride to generate a compound B, adding the compound B into acetonitrile in a step S2, then adding hydroquinone, reacting the hydroquinone with the compound B, replacing chlorine atoms on the compound B with the hydroquinone to obtain a compound C, and then mixing and mixing the compound C and ammonium polyphosphate in a step S3 to obtain a flame retardant; during combustion, the ammonium polyphosphate can promote the compound C to form a compact carbon layer capable of blocking heat and combustible gas, and then the compound C is decomposed and reacts with the ammonium polyphosphate to generate water vapor and ammonia gas, so that the flame retardant property of the cable material is further enhanced, and the prepared cable material has excellent flame retardant property.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail traffic, which is prepared by taking cross-linked polyethylene, high-density polyethylene resin and the like as raw materials, wherein the cross-linked polyethylene is prepared by firstly adding palygorskite into deionized water for dispersion in step S1, then standing for sedimentation, taking suspension for centrifugation, purifying the palygorskite, then carrying out alkali treatment on the palygorskite, but at present, acid is often used for treatment, but chloride ions are introduced into the palygorskite, 10% sodium hydroxide solution is added for activation to prepare the treated palygorskite, the palygorskite is added into mixed solvent in step S2, then vinyl triethoxysilane is added, and the vinyl triethoxysilane can be hydrolyzed, so that the invention uses mixed solvent, and under the acidic condition, the vinyl triethoxysilane can be grafted on the surface of the palygorskite to prepare a compound A, the xylene solution is refluxed for 20 hours to remove ungrafted vinyltriethoxysilane, and in step S3, the low-density polyethylene and the compound a are mixed, wherein the compound a enables the low-density polyethylene to form a three-dimensional network structure, so as to increase the compatibility of the low-density polyethylene with a matrix material, and the palygorskite structure of the compound a can improve the internal bonding force of the low-density polyethylene, thereby endowing the prepared crosslinked polyethylene with excellent mechanical properties, and further endowing the cable with excellent mechanical strength;
(2) the invention prepares a flame retardant, phosphorus oxychloride and PEPA react in step (1) in the preparation process, hydroxyl on PEPA is replaced by chlorine on the phosphorus oxychloride to generate a substitution reaction, a compound B is generated, then the compound B is added into acetonitrile in step S2, then hydroquinone is added, hydroquinone reacts with the compound B, chlorine atoms on the compound B are replaced by hydroquinone to prepare a compound C, and then the compound C and ammonium polyphosphate are mixed and mixed in step S3 to prepare the flame retardant; during combustion, the ammonium polyphosphate can promote the compound C to form a compact carbon layer capable of blocking heat and combustible gas, and then the compound C is decomposed and reacts with the ammonium polyphosphate to generate water vapor and ammonia gas, so that the flame retardant property of the cable material is further enhanced, and the prepared cable material has excellent flame retardant property.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of crosslinked polyethylene, 25 parts of flame retardant, 20 parts of high-density polyethylene resin, 3 parts of carbon black and 0.5 part of antioxidant 1010;
the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared by the following method:
step one, uniformly mixing crosslinked polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding a flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant 1010, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material;
and secondly, wrapping the prepared cable material on the surface of a conductor, and preparing the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit after traction, cooling, sizing and coiling.
The crosslinked polyethylene is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding palygorskite into deionized water, stirring at a constant speed and ultrasonically dispersing for 10min, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, continuing stirring for 2h, standing and settling, taking a suspension for centrifugation, washing filter residue for three times by using deionized water, then adding the filter residue into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating in a water bath at 65 ℃, stirring for 1h, then taking out, washing by using deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and preparing the processed palygorskite;
step S2, adding the treated palygorskite into a mixed solvent, magnetically stirring for 1h, then adding vinyltriethoxysilane, adding glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH until the pH is 4, stirring at a constant speed for 1h, then refluxing for 20h at 75 ℃, then cooling, filtering, grinding, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, and then refluxing for 20h at 140 ℃ by using a dimethylbenzene solution with the mass fraction of 10% to prepare a compound A, wherein the weight ratio of the palygorskite, the vinyltriethoxysilane to the mixed solvent is 1: 2: 10;
the mixed solvent is formed by mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 9: 1.
And step S3, adding low-density polyethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and roll wrapping, adding a compound A, mixing for 15min, and extruding to obtain the crosslinked polyethylene, wherein the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene, the antioxidant 168, the stearic acid, the dicumyl peroxide, the glyceryl laurate to the compound A is 100: 0.3: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 10.
The flame retardant is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding phosphorus oxychloride and acetonitrile into a three-neck flask, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding PEPA, continuously stirring until the solution is clear, then heating to 65 ℃, refluxing for 10 hours, stopping the reaction, filtering while hot to obtain a compound B, and controlling the weight ratio of the phosphorus oxychloride to the acetonitrile to the PEPA to be 1: 3: 2;
(2) adding the compound B into acetonitrile, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃ and stirring at a constant speed until the compound B is completely dissolved, adding hydroquinone, magnetically stirring for 30min, heating to 65 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, heating to 85 ℃, reacting for 3h at the temperature, cooling, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times to obtain a compound C, and controlling the weight ratio of the compound B, the acetonitrile and the hydroquinone to be 1: 2: 0.1;
(3) and uniformly mixing the compound C and ammonium polyphosphate, adding polypropylene, mixing and rolling in an open mill for 15min, then carrying out hot pressing at 150 ℃, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain the flame retardant, wherein the weight ratio of the compound C to the ammonium polyphosphate is controlled to be 10: 1.
Example 2
A cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of crosslinked polyethylene, 28 parts of flame retardant, 22 parts of high-density polyethylene resin, 4 parts of carbon black and 0.8 part of antioxidant 1010;
the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared by the following method:
step one, uniformly mixing crosslinked polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding a flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant 1010, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material;
and secondly, wrapping the prepared cable material on the surface of a conductor, and preparing the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit after traction, cooling, sizing and coiling.
The crosslinked polyethylene is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding palygorskite into deionized water, stirring at a constant speed and ultrasonically dispersing for 10min, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, continuing stirring for 2h, standing and settling, taking a suspension for centrifugation, washing filter residue for three times by using deionized water, then adding the filter residue into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating in a water bath at 65 ℃, stirring for 1h, then taking out, washing by using deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and preparing the processed palygorskite;
step S2, adding the treated palygorskite into a mixed solvent, magnetically stirring for 1h, then adding vinyltriethoxysilane, adding glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH until the pH is 4, stirring at a constant speed for 1h, then refluxing for 20h at 75 ℃, then cooling, filtering, grinding, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, and then refluxing for 20h at 140 ℃ by using a dimethylbenzene solution with the mass fraction of 10% to prepare a compound A, wherein the weight ratio of the palygorskite, the vinyltriethoxysilane to the mixed solvent is 1: 2: 10;
the mixed solvent is formed by mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 9: 1.
And step S3, adding low-density polyethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and roll wrapping, adding a compound A, mixing for 15min, and extruding to obtain the crosslinked polyethylene, wherein the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene, the antioxidant 168, the stearic acid, the dicumyl peroxide, the glyceryl laurate to the compound A is 100: 0.3: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 10.
The flame retardant is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding phosphorus oxychloride and acetonitrile into a three-neck flask, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding PEPA, continuously stirring until the solution is clear, then heating to 65 ℃, refluxing for 10 hours, stopping the reaction, filtering while hot to obtain a compound B, and controlling the weight ratio of the phosphorus oxychloride to the acetonitrile to the PEPA to be 1: 3: 2;
(2) adding the compound B into acetonitrile, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃ and stirring at a constant speed until the compound B is completely dissolved, adding hydroquinone, magnetically stirring for 30min, heating to 65 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, heating to 85 ℃, reacting for 3h at the temperature, cooling, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times to obtain a compound C, and controlling the weight ratio of the compound B, the acetonitrile and the hydroquinone to be 1: 2: 0.1;
(3) and uniformly mixing the compound C and ammonium polyphosphate, adding polypropylene, mixing and rolling in an open mill for 15min, then carrying out hot pressing at 150 ℃, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain the flame retardant, wherein the weight ratio of the compound C to the ammonium polyphosphate is controlled to be 10: 1.
Example 3
A cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of crosslinked polyethylene, 32 parts of flame retardant, 28 parts of high-density polyethylene resin, 4 parts of carbon black and 0.8 part of antioxidant 1010;
the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared by the following method:
step one, uniformly mixing crosslinked polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding a flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant 1010, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material;
and secondly, wrapping the prepared cable material on the surface of a conductor, and preparing the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit after traction, cooling, sizing and coiling.
The crosslinked polyethylene is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding palygorskite into deionized water, stirring at a constant speed and ultrasonically dispersing for 10min, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, continuing stirring for 2h, standing and settling, taking a suspension for centrifugation, washing filter residue for three times by using deionized water, then adding the filter residue into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating in a water bath at 65 ℃, stirring for 1h, then taking out, washing by using deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and preparing the processed palygorskite;
step S2, adding the treated palygorskite into a mixed solvent, magnetically stirring for 1h, then adding vinyltriethoxysilane, adding glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH until the pH is 4, stirring at a constant speed for 1h, then refluxing for 20h at 75 ℃, then cooling, filtering, grinding, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, and then refluxing for 20h at 140 ℃ by using a dimethylbenzene solution with the mass fraction of 10% to prepare a compound A, wherein the weight ratio of the palygorskite, the vinyltriethoxysilane to the mixed solvent is 1: 2: 10;
the mixed solvent is formed by mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 9: 1.
And step S3, adding low-density polyethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and roll wrapping, adding a compound A, mixing for 15min, and extruding to obtain the crosslinked polyethylene, wherein the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene, the antioxidant 168, the stearic acid, the dicumyl peroxide, the glyceryl laurate to the compound A is 100: 0.3: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 10.
The flame retardant is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding phosphorus oxychloride and acetonitrile into a three-neck flask, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding PEPA, continuously stirring until the solution is clear, then heating to 65 ℃, refluxing for 10 hours, stopping the reaction, filtering while hot to obtain a compound B, and controlling the weight ratio of the phosphorus oxychloride to the acetonitrile to the PEPA to be 1: 3: 2;
(2) adding the compound B into acetonitrile, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃ and stirring at a constant speed until the compound B is completely dissolved, adding hydroquinone, magnetically stirring for 30min, heating to 65 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, heating to 85 ℃, reacting for 3h at the temperature, cooling, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times to obtain a compound C, and controlling the weight ratio of the compound B, the acetonitrile and the hydroquinone to be 1: 2: 0.1;
(3) and uniformly mixing the compound C and ammonium polyphosphate, adding polypropylene, mixing and rolling in an open mill for 15min, then carrying out hot pressing at 150 ℃, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain the flame retardant, wherein the weight ratio of the compound C to the ammonium polyphosphate is controlled to be 10: 1.
Example 4
A cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of crosslinked polyethylene, 35 parts of flame retardant, 30 parts of high-density polyethylene resin, 5 parts of carbon black and 1 part of antioxidant 1010;
the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared by the following method:
step one, uniformly mixing crosslinked polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding a flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant 1010, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material;
and secondly, wrapping the prepared cable material on the surface of a conductor, and preparing the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit after traction, cooling, sizing and coiling.
The crosslinked polyethylene is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding palygorskite into deionized water, stirring at a constant speed and ultrasonically dispersing for 10min, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, continuing stirring for 2h, standing and settling, taking a suspension for centrifugation, washing filter residue for three times by using deionized water, then adding the filter residue into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating in a water bath at 65 ℃, stirring for 1h, then taking out, washing by using deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and preparing the processed palygorskite;
step S2, adding the treated palygorskite into a mixed solvent, magnetically stirring for 1h, then adding vinyltriethoxysilane, adding glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH until the pH is 4, stirring at a constant speed for 1h, then refluxing for 20h at 75 ℃, then cooling, filtering, grinding, sieving by a 150-mesh sieve, and then refluxing for 20h at 140 ℃ by using a dimethylbenzene solution with the mass fraction of 10% to prepare a compound A, wherein the weight ratio of the palygorskite, the vinyltriethoxysilane to the mixed solvent is 1: 2: 10;
the mixed solvent is formed by mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 9: 1.
And step S3, adding low-density polyethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding an antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and roll wrapping, adding a compound A, mixing for 15min, and extruding to obtain the crosslinked polyethylene, wherein the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene, the antioxidant 168, the stearic acid, the dicumyl peroxide, the glyceryl laurate to the compound A is 100: 0.3: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 10.
The flame retardant is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding phosphorus oxychloride and acetonitrile into a three-neck flask, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding PEPA, continuously stirring until the solution is clear, then heating to 65 ℃, refluxing for 10 hours, stopping the reaction, filtering while hot to obtain a compound B, and controlling the weight ratio of the phosphorus oxychloride to the acetonitrile to the PEPA to be 1: 3: 2;
(2) adding the compound B into acetonitrile, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃ and stirring at a constant speed until the compound B is completely dissolved, adding hydroquinone, magnetically stirring for 30min, heating to 65 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, heating to 85 ℃, reacting for 3h at the temperature, cooling, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times to obtain a compound C, and controlling the weight ratio of the compound B, the acetonitrile and the hydroquinone to be 1: 2: 0.1;
(3) and uniformly mixing the compound C and ammonium polyphosphate, adding polypropylene, mixing and rolling in an open mill for 15min, then carrying out hot pressing at 150 ℃, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain the flame retardant, wherein the weight ratio of the compound C to the ammonium polyphosphate is controlled to be 10: 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was prepared as follows, using low density polyethylene instead of crosslinked polyethylene, compared to example 1:
step one, uniformly mixing low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding a flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant 1010, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material;
and secondly, wrapping the prepared cable material on the surface of a conductor, and preparing the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit after traction, cooling, sizing and coiling.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 1, the IFR flame retardant is used to replace the flame retardant of the present invention, and the preparation method is as follows:
step one, uniformly mixing crosslinked polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding an IFR flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant 1010, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material;
and secondly, wrapping the prepared cable material on the surface of a conductor, and preparing the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit after traction, cooling, sizing and coiling.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is a power cable for rail transit in the market.
The tensile strength, elongation at break and flame retardant rating of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 were measured and the results are shown in the following table;
| tensile strength MPa | Elongation at break% | Flame retardant rating | |
| Example 1 | 17.2 | 690 | V0 |
| Example 2 | 17.5 | 710 | V0 |
| Example 3 | 17.1 | 680 | V0 |
| Example 4 | 17.3 | 700 | V0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 12.5 | 530 | V0 |
| Comparative example 2 | 16.2 | 620 | V1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 15.3 | 500 | V1 |
As can be seen from the above table, the tensile strength of examples 1 to 4 was 17.1 to 17.5MPa, the elongation at break was 680-710%, the flame retardant rating was V0, the tensile strength of comparative examples 1 to 3 was 12.5 to 16.2MPa, the elongation at break was 500-620%, and the flame retardant rating was V1-V0; therefore, the invention mixes the low-density polyethylene and the compound A, the compound A can enable the low-density polyethylene to form a three-dimensional network structure per se and increase the compatibility with a matrix material, and the palygorskite structure of the compound A can improve the internal bonding force of the low-density polyethylene, thereby endowing the prepared crosslinked polyethylene with excellent mechanical property and further endowing the cable with excellent mechanical strength.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of crosslinked polyethylene, 25-35 parts of flame retardant, 20-30 parts of high-density polyethylene resin, 3-5 parts of carbon black and 0.5-1 part of antioxidant;
the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit is prepared by the following method:
step one, uniformly mixing crosslinked polyethylene and high-density polyethylene resin, adding a flame retardant and carbon black, mixing for 5-10min in a kneading pot, then transferring to an internal mixer for internal mixing, adding an antioxidant, taking out until the current of the internal mixer tends to a stable state, and then carrying out melt extrusion to prepare a cable material;
and secondly, wrapping the prepared cable material on the surface of a conductor, and preparing the cross-linked polyethylene insulated flame-retardant power cable for rail transit after traction, cooling, sizing and coiling.
2. The insulated flame-retardant power cable of crosslinked polyethylene for rail transit according to claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is one or two of antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168, and is mixed in any proportion.
3. The insulated and flame-retardant crosslinked polyethylene power cable for rail transit according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinked polyethylene is prepared by the following method:
step S1, adding palygorskite into deionized water, stirring at a constant speed and ultrasonically dispersing for 10min, heating in a water bath at 55-60 ℃, continuing stirring for 2h, standing and settling, taking suspension for centrifugation, washing filter residue for three times by using the deionized water, then adding the filter residue into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating in the water bath at 60-65 ℃, stirring for 1h, then taking out, washing by using the deionized water until the filtrate is neutral, and preparing the treated palygorskite;
step S2, adding the treated palygorskite into a mixed solvent, magnetically stirring for 1h, then adding vinyl triethoxysilane, adding glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH until the pH is 4-5, stirring at a constant speed for 1h, then refluxing for 20h at 75-80 ℃, then cooling, filtering, grinding, sieving with a 150-mesh sieve, and then refluxing for 20h at 140 ℃ by using a dimethylbenzene solution with the mass fraction of 10% to prepare a compound A, wherein the weight ratio of the palygorskite to the vinyl triethoxysilane to the mixed solvent is 1: 2: 10;
and step S3, adding the low-density polyethylene into an open mill, sequentially adding the antioxidant 168, stearic acid, dicumyl peroxide and glyceryl laurate, melting and roll wrapping, adding the compound A, mixing for 15min, and extruding to obtain the crosslinked polyethylene.
4. The insulated and flame-retardant power cable of crosslinked polyethylene for rail transit according to claim 3, wherein the weight ratio of the low-density polyethylene, the antioxidant 168, the stearic acid, the dicumyl peroxide, the glyceryl laurate and the compound A in the step S3 is 100: 0.3: 0.1: 0.2: 2: 8-10.
5. The insulated and flame-retardant crosslinked polyethylene power cable for rail transit according to claim 3, wherein the mixed solvent is formed by mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water according to a weight ratio of 9: 1.
6. The insulated and flame-retardant power cable of cross-linked polyethylene for rail transit according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding phosphorus oxychloride and acetonitrile into a three-neck flask, heating in a water bath at 45-50 ℃ and stirring at a constant speed, adding PEPA, continuously stirring until the solution is clear, then heating to 65-70 ℃, refluxing for 10-15h, stopping the reaction, filtering while hot to obtain a compound B, and controlling the weight ratio of the phosphorus oxychloride to the acetonitrile to the PEPA to be 1: 3-5: 2;
(2) adding the compound B into acetonitrile, heating in a water bath at 45-50 ℃ and stirring at a constant speed until the compound B is completely dissolved, adding hydroquinone, magnetically stirring for 30min, heating to 65 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, heating to 85-90 ℃, reacting for 3h at the temperature, cooling, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times to obtain a compound C, and controlling the weight ratio of the compound B to the acetonitrile to the hydroquinone to be 1: 2: 0.1;
(3) uniformly mixing the compound C and ammonium polyphosphate, adding polypropylene, mixing and rolling in an open mill for 15-20min, then carrying out hot pressing at 150-160 ℃, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain the flame retardant, wherein the weight ratio of the compound C to the ammonium polyphosphate is controlled to be 10: 1.
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Application publication date: 20200918 |