CN111670744A - Method for cultivating lemons in suburb facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lemon cultivation, and particularly discloses a method for cultivating lemon in suburb facilities, which comprises the following steps: preparation before planting: the method comprises the steps of soil preparation and soil improvement, ridge making, hole digging, and nutrient soil backfilling for planting; 2) planting: the method comprises the steps of planting time, nursery stock preparation and planting; 3) management of saplings: applying the fertilizer 7-8 days before germination, and applying the fertilizer for 1 time from shearing to turning green of the young shoots, wherein the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer for two times is 30-50 g per plant; when the crown reaches 75-85cm, spraying monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times; 4) fruit bearing management: the method comprises the steps of fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit retention and pest control; 5) harvesting: a double shearing method is adopted; has the advantages of being suitable for the cultivation of the lemon in the suburb facility and being suitable for various lemon varieties.

Description

Method for cultivating lemons in suburb facilities

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of lemon cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating lemons in suburb facilities.

Background

Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, some big cities put forward the idea of developing urban agriculture under the background of the adjustment of national market economy and agricultural industrial structure. Urban agriculture refers to modern agriculture which is located in an extended zone of a large city, is closely supported and serves the city. The Beijing market also proposes a construction task for constructing and developing modern agricultural infrastructure and comprehensively developing a first-stage construction task in 2005, and gradually becomes an important way for improving the income of farmers and the agricultural efficiency in the Beijing market so far.

In recent years, the annual increment rate of the demand of the lemons can reach 8%, and the lemons as health-care products have a very wide market scene. In recent years, there have been some advances in agriculture for agricultural planting. The fruit production quality and fruit bearing quantity of the lemons are greatly influenced by regions, and the fruit production quality and fruit bearing quantity of the lemons can be ensured only by correspondingly adjusting the planting method of the lemons in different regions.

In the prior art, for example, a chinese patent publication No. CN107771597A discloses a cultivation method of lemons, which includes:

1) selecting soil: selecting loose soil, fertile, with the depth of a pit being 0.8 meter and the length and width being 1 meter respectively, applying enough base fertilizer, planting the seedlings with the row spacing of 4 multiplied by 3 meters to 4 multiplied by 3.5 meters, planting 50-55 plants per mu, planting for the time before the seedlings sprout and sprout in spring or in the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months, cutting off the overlong main roots and the cracked main lateral roots by using branch shears during planting, cutting off the leaves, filling fine mud and compacting, pouring enough root water, and covering and moisturizing the tree disc;

2) deep soil turning and improving: increasing soil organic matters, intercropping green manure, expanding pits along the direction from the west to the east, pressing green, and fertilizing year by year;

3) and (3) fertilizer and water management: applying nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer in the first year and the second year after young trees are planted in a fixed mode, combining top dressing outside roots in the growing period, applying fertilizer to the fruiting tree after the flowers fall to the fruit expansion period and the autumn tip emergence period, often applying urea and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in combination with the growing condition, applying multiple thin fertilizers to prevent loss, spraying water in time or irrigating spring and autumn, and performing drainage treatment in rainy season (6-8 months);

4) shaping and trimming: the method comprises the following steps of (1) reserving natural open-heart-shaped crowns, putting young trees for 4 times (spring shoots, early summer shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots) in each year, putting only spring shoots and autumn shoots on fruitage trees, controlling the summer shoots, carrying out winter pruning after fruit picking, thinning out peripheral weak branches, fruit bearing mother branches after partial fruit picking, short branches, inner bore branches with few leaves, cross branches, shadow branches and insect-plague branches, and cutting off and picking fruits to obtain strong fruit bearing mother branches;

5) flower thinning: removing autumn flowers and winter flowers, removing all summer flowers when the spring flower fruiting meets the yield requirement, and otherwise, properly keeping the summer flower fruiting to complement the yield;

6) strong stalk homogenizing fruit: spraying pedicellus melo strengthening agent in bud stage, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage, thickening pedicel, increasing nutrition delivery amount, preventing flower falling, improving pollination ability, improving fruit setting rate, accelerating expansion speed, promoting flower growth number 2 in flower bud differentiation stage every year, and thoroughly balancing the years;

7) pest control: the effective measures of agricultural control, physical control, medicament control and the like are taken, meanwhile, a new high-fat film is applied to enhance the pesticide effect, the tree protection general is brushed in late autumn and early winter, the overwintering and cold-resistant preparation of the garden and the tree body is well made, and the fertilizer is added to strengthen the soil moisture.

Although the above cultivation method can cultivate lemons with high fruit quality and large fruit bearing amount, the above cultivation method has the following problems: firstly, the cultivation method aims at the lemon planting in Sichuan area, and the application of the cultivation method is not suitable for the lemon cultivation in suburb facilities because the lemon planting is greatly influenced by the area; secondly, the lemon variety suitable for the cultivation method is Youlek, the suitable lemon variety is single, and if the lemon variety is replaced, the fruit quality and the fruit bearing quantity can not reach the expectation according to the cultivation method.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for cultivating lemons in suburb facilities, which has the advantages of being suitable for cultivating the lemons in the suburb facilities and being suitable for various lemon varieties.

In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a cultivation method of a suburb facility lemon comprises the following steps:

1) preparation before planting: preparing soil, improving soil, making bed, digging hole, preparing nutrient soil, backfilling and waiting for planting;

soil preparation and soil improvement: removing impurities, bricks, broken stones and the like in the greenhouse, adding 3-5 cubic meters of turf, 2200kg of organic fertilizer 1800 and 70-80kg of sulfur powder into each mu of greenhouse, uniformly spreading the mixture, and then ploughing and uniformly stirring the mixture;

ridging and digging holes: the planting specification is 2 multiplied by 3 m; the width of the ridge is 180-220cm, the width of the furrow is 80-90cm, and the height of the furrow is 30-45 cm.

Backfilling nutrient soil for planting: the backfilled nutrient soil is 18-22cm higher than the ground, and planting is carried out after the backfilled nutrient soil is settled;

2) planting: the method comprises the steps of planting time, nursery stock preparation and planting;

the planting time is as follows: selecting spring planting or autumn planting;

preparing nursery stocks: selecting nursery stocks without diseases and insect pests, dipping the roots in slurry, and keeping the roots moist;

planting: during planting, digging a planting hole in the center of planting nutrient soil according to the size of a root group to enable the root system to stretch naturally, and backfilling the nutrient soil;

3) management of saplings: applying fertilizer 7-8 days before germination, applying for 1 time from self-shearing to turning green of young shoots, wherein the fertilizer for the two times is the special fertilizer for lemon, and the fertilizer application amount for the two times is 30-50 g per plant; when the crown reaches 75-85cm, spraying monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times at intervals of 5-8 days;

4) fruit bearing management: the method comprises the steps of fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit retention and pest control;

applying fertilizer 10-15 days before germination in spring, wherein the fertilizer is quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and is matched with equal amount of phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the fertilizer application amount is 10-13 kg/mu, 1 time in 10 days and 2 times continuously; fertilizing in 6-7 months with fertilizing amount of hemp residue at 2-3 kg/plant and fertilizing amount of high potassium water soluble compound fertilizer at 250 g/plant, continuously fertilizing for 3 times at intervals of 10-15 days; ditching around the tree in 12-1 month, applying organic fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-14kg per plant;

5) harvesting: the two-shearing method is adopted.

By adopting the technical scheme, firstly, the soil required by the lemons is arranged aiming at suburb facilities to obtain various elements required by the growth of the lemons, and then the planting time, the seedling preparation and the planting of the lemons are selected aiming at suburb greenhouse climate; applying fertilizers suitable for lemon growth at different stages of seedling management to ensure that the survival rate of the lemons is higher at the seedling stage; in the fruit bearing management stage, more fertilizer is applied, so that the fruit bearing rate of the lemons is higher; the cultivation method aims at the suburb facility cultivation, and the cultivation of the suburb facility lemon is well developed.

Preferably, the variety of the lemon seedlings in the step 2) can be Uliprick, Peking lemon or perfume lemon.

By adopting the technical scheme, the lemons of Youlek, Beijing lemon or perfume lemon varieties are all suitable for the cultivation method.

Preferably, the greenhouse in the step 1) may be a common sunlight greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse with heating.

By adopting the technical scheme, the lemons can grow better under the condition of a common sunlight greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse with heating, the fruiting rate is higher, and no obvious difference exists.

Preferably, the formula of the nutrient soil in the step 1) is as follows: 15-25 parts of grass carbon, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of coarse sand and 35-45 parts of surface soil.

By adopting the technical scheme, the nutrient soil prepared by the formula can achieve the nutrients required by the growth of the lemons.

Preferably, the nutrient soil in the step 1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of grass carbon, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of coarse sand and 35-45 parts of backfill soil.

By adopting the technical scheme, the backfilled soil, the grass carbon and the organic fertilizer are stirred at first, and then the coarse sand is added, so that the materials are stirred uniformly easily.

Preferably, the number of the main branches of the nursery stock in the step 2) is more than 3, the root group is strong, and overlong branches and leaves are cut off before planting.

By adopting the technical scheme, the nursery stocks with more than 3 main branches and strong root groups can easily survive, and overlong branches and leaves are omitted, so that the situation that the overlong branches and leaves absorb too much nutrients and are not beneficial to the survival of the lemons can be avoided.

Preferably, in the planting process in the step 2), after planting, drenching enough rooting water, covering a sunshade net in sunny days, and keeping the tree tray soil wet for 10-20 days.

By adopting the technical scheme, the tree tray soil is kept moist, the seedlings can obtain sufficient moisture, and the roots of the seedlings can absorb sufficient moisture and can survive easily.

Preferably, the pest control in the step 4) comprises the following aspects:

scab of the skin: spray protection of young shoots, spray protection of young fruits when blossom is 2/3, and spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim 800-;

mites: 3000 times of solution of 73 percent Kemante 2000-; enabling 1000-fold liquid of Ambrotrocha amiantha to spray 1500-fold liquid;

thrips: hanging 20 backboard/mu; and spraying one of ethyl spinosad, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam.

By adopting the technical scheme, various plant diseases and insect pests of the lemons can be well prevented and treated.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the lemon cultivation method is suitable for suburb facility cultivation, has strong regionality, and is suitable for the lemons of various varieties; according to the lemon cultivation method, the survival rate can reach 99% to the maximum extent; the yield per mu in the abundant period can reach 3300 kg/mu at most, and the average weight of single fruit can reach 150g at most.

(2) The nutrient soil prepared by the invention better provides basic soil required by the growth of the lemons, and is matched with various other fertilizers, so that the nutrient absorption in the processes of survival, growth, high yield and the like of the lemon seedlings is facilitated.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Raw material sulfur powder: national chemical trade of Anqing, national trade Limited, agricultural grade sulphur powder;

ternary compound fertilizer: juzhou chemical Co., Ltd, 15-15-15;

grass carbon: a bio-organic fertilizer raw material factory, majordomo, luoyuan, with a pH of 7;

organic fertilizer: jinan Sanzhihua chemical Co., Ltd, the product number is 1008-1;

coarse sand: beijing Toming Green Scenario environmental protection science and technology, Inc.;

the fertilizer special for the lemons comprises the following components: the model number of the agriculture industry group company Limited of Ruibao, Chongqing is 16-4-15;

potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer: zhengzhou enlightening chemical product limited company, the content of effective components is 99 percent;

quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer: shandong Weifang Dachang chemical industry Co., Ltd;

phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: shanxi Kerun Biotech Co., Ltd, model number 8-15-27;

fruit swelling fertilizer: bio-technologies ltd, new port, Shandong;

high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer: the model number of the cigarette Taizhongde agriculture science and technology company is 15-7-21;

hemp residue: the big sincerity packaging company Limited in the bug, has the organic matter less than or equal to 80;

50% carbendazim: qingdao Lier agro chemical (group) research and development Co., Ltd;

73% propargite: 73 percent of effective component of Zhuokang agricultural funding ministry of Heidel;

acarus: linyiqing Fengyang agricultural Co., Ltd, alsdakm-5;

shrinkstone: jiangsu Dongbao agro chemical Co., Ltd;

thiamethoxam: zhengzhou fuding chemical company Limited;

ethyl spinosad: kaiban agricultural science and technology Limited, the effective content is more than or equal to 60 percent;

preparation example 1

The components and the content of the components of the nutrient soil of the preparation example 1 are shown in the table 1, and the preparation steps of the nutrient soil are as follows: and uniformly stirring the backfill soil, the grass peat and the organic fertilizer, adding the coarse sand, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient soil. The backfill soil is obtained when furrowing and digging holes are formed in the process of planting trees.

TABLE 1 raw material components and amounts (kg) of the components of preparation examples 1 to 3

Raw materials	Preparation example 1	Preparation example 2	Preparation example 3
				Grass peat	15	20	25
Organic fertilizer	25	20	15
				Coarse sand	15	20	25
Backfill soil	45	40	35

Preparation example 2

The components and the contents of the components of the nutrient soil of preparation example 2 are shown in table 1, and the preparation steps of the nutrient soil are the same as those of preparation example 1.

Preparation example 3

The components and the contents of the components of the nutrient soil of preparation example 3 are shown in table 1, and the preparation steps of the nutrient soil are the same as those of preparation example 1.

Example 1

A method for cultivating lemon in suburb facilities comprises the following operation steps:

1) preparation before planting

Soil preparation and soil improvement: selecting a common sunlight greenhouse without heating facilities, removing impurities, bricks, broken stones and the like in the greenhouse, adding 3 cubic meters of turf, 2200kg of organic fertilizer and 70kg of sulfur powder into each mu of greenhouse, uniformly spreading the mixture, and then ploughing and uniformly stirring the mixture;

ridging and digging holes: the planting specification is 2 multiplied by 3 m; the width of the surface is 220cm, the width of the furrow is 80cm, and the height of the furrow is 45 cm;

backfilling nutrient soil for planting: the backfilled nutrient soil is required to be 18cm higher than the ground, and planting is carried out after the backfilled nutrient soil is settled;

wherein the nutrient soil is obtained in the preparation example 1;

2) planting

The planting time is as follows: spring planting is adopted;

preparing nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings which are free of diseases and insect pests, have more than 3 main branches and developed root groups, cutting off overlong branches and leaves after seedling lifting, dipping the roots in slurry, and keeping the roots wet;

planting: planting in the afternoon in the cloudy and warm weather, digging a planting hole in the center of planting nutrient soil according to the size of a root group during planting to naturally stretch the root system, backfilling the nutrient soil, drenching sufficient root-fixing water after planting, covering a sunshade net in sunny days, and keeping the tree tray soil wet for 10 days;

3) management of saplings

Applying fertilizer 7 days before germination, applying for 1 time from self-shearing to turning green of young sprout, wherein the fertilizers for two times are special fertilizers for lemon, and the fertilizing amount for two times is 30 g/plant;

when the crown reaches 80cm, spraying monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer for 2 times, wherein the spraying interval is 5 days;

4) fruit bearing tree management

Applying germination accelerating fertilizer 15 days before germination in spring, mainly using quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and matching with equal amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10 kg/mu, 1 time in 10 days and 2 times continuously;

fertilizing in 6-7 months, wherein the fertilizers are hemp residue and high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer, the fertilizing amount of the hemp residue is 2 kg/plant, the fertilizing amount of the high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer is 250 g/plant, continuously fertilizing for 3 times at an interval of 10 days;

ditching around the tree in 12-1 month, applying organic fertilizer, and fertilizing 10 kg/plant;

5) pruning and pruning

According to the growth and shaping of branches, the buds on the bone branches are frequently erased when the branches are uniformly distributed in the peripheral space, more branches and leaves are remained, and the spring tips are topped on the principle that a small amount of sunlight can penetrate into the interior of a crown; erasing or cutting off strong branches and dense big branches at the top of a crown of a summer tip according to the principle of removing 1 by 3 and removing 2 by 5; pruning in winter mainly comprises thinning and shearing spindly branches, cross branches, dead branches, shadow branches, insect-infected branches, straight and extended branches and shrinking and shearing thick and strong bearing branches;

6) flower and fruit protection

The lemon spring flowers have large amount, poor quality, more fallen flowers and fruits and low fruit setting rate, and the work of flower and fruit retention must be done; cutting roots, girdling branches, cultivating strong branches, pruning weak branches with dense buds and dense mother branches, paying attention to flower control and fruit thinning and supplementing fertilizers in time when the lemons grow vigorously to the bearing trees;

7) pest control

Scab of the skin: spraying pesticide to protect young fruits when flowers are withered at 2/3, and spraying with 800 times of 50% carbendazim solution;

mites: a solution with a volume of 2000 times of that of 73 percent propargite; enabling the Aika mites to spray 1500 times of liquid;

thrips: hanging 20 backboard/mu; spraying the ethyl spinosad according to the specification of the ethyl spinosad;

8) harvesting at the right time

The fruit picking method adopts a two-shearing method, wherein the first shearing shears the fruits together with the fruit stalks, the second shearing shears the sepals to remove the fruit stalks, and the second shearing shears the fruit stalks to be flat.

Example 2

A method for cultivating lemon in suburb facilities comprises the following operation steps:

1) preparation before planting

Soil preparation and soil improvement: selecting a common sunlight greenhouse without heating facilities, removing impurities, bricks, broken stones and the like in the greenhouse, adding 5 cubic meters of turf, 1800kg of organic fertilizer and 75kg of sulfur powder into each mu of greenhouse, uniformly spreading the mixture, and then ploughing and uniformly stirring the mixture;

ridging and digging holes: the planting specification is 2 multiplied by 3 m; the width of the surface is 180cm, the width of the furrow is 90cm, and the height of the furrow is 37 cm;

backfilling nutrient soil for planting: the backfilled nutrient soil is required to be 22cm higher than the ground, and planting is carried out after the backfilled nutrient soil is settled;

wherein the nutrient soil is obtained in the preparation example 2;

2) planting and planting time: adopting autumn planting;

preparing nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings which are free of diseases and insect pests, have more than 3 main branches and developed root groups, cutting off overlong branches and leaves after seedling lifting, dipping the roots in slurry, and keeping the roots wet;

planting: planting in the afternoon in the cloudy and warm weather, digging a planting hole in the center of planting nutrient soil according to the size of a root group during planting to naturally stretch the root system, backfilling the nutrient soil, drenching sufficient root-fixing water after planting, covering a sunshade net in sunny days, and keeping the tree tray soil moist for 15 days;

3) management of saplings

Applying fertilizer 8 days before germination, applying for 1 time from self-shearing to green sprout turning, wherein the fertilizer for two times is lemon special fertilizer, and the fertilizer application amount for two times is 40 g/plant;

when the crown reaches 75cm, spraying monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer for 3 times at an interval of 8 days;

4) fruit bearing tree management

Applying germination accelerating fertilizer 10 days before germination in spring, mainly using quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and matching with equal amount of phosphorus potassium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 11 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount is 1 time in 10 days and 2 times continuously;

fertilizing in 6-7 months, wherein the fertilizers are hemp residue and high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer, the fertilizing amount of the hemp residue is 3 kg/plant, the fertilizing amount of the high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer is 220 g/plant, continuously fertilizing for 3 times at intervals of 13 days;

ditching around the tree in 12-1 month, applying organic fertilizer, and fertilizing 12 kg/plant;

5) pruning and pruning

According to the growth and shaping of branches, the buds on the bone branches are frequently erased when the branches are uniformly distributed in the peripheral space, more branches and leaves are remained, and the spring tips are topped on the principle that a small amount of sunlight can penetrate into the interior of a crown; erasing or cutting off strong branches and dense big branches at the top of a crown of a summer tip according to the principle of removing 1 by 3 and removing 2 by 5; pruning in winter mainly comprises thinning and shearing spindly branches, cross branches, dead branches, shadow branches, insect-infected branches, straight and extended branches and shrinking and shearing thick and strong bearing branches;

6) flower and fruit protection

The lemon spring flowers have large amount, poor quality, more fallen flowers and fruits and low fruit setting rate, and the work of flower and fruit retention must be done; cutting roots, girdling branches, cultivating strong branches, pruning weak branches with dense buds and dense mother branches, paying attention to flower control and fruit thinning and supplementing fertilizers in time when the lemons grow vigorously to the bearing trees;

7) pest control

Scab of the skin: spraying pesticide to protect young fruits when flowers are withered at 2/3, and spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution;

mites: 3000 times of solution of 73 percent propargite; 1000 times of liquid spraying of the Aikamite;

thrips: hanging 20 backboard/mu; spraying imidacloprid according to the specification of the imidacloprid;

8) harvesting at the right time

The fruit picking method adopts a two-shearing method, wherein the first shearing shears the fruits together with the fruit stalks, the second shearing shears the sepals to remove the fruit stalks, and the second shearing shears the fruit stalks to be flat.

Example 3

A method for cultivating lemon in suburb facilities comprises the following operation steps:

1) preparation before planting

Soil preparation and soil improvement: selecting a common sunlight greenhouse without heating facilities, removing impurities, bricks, broken stones and the like in the greenhouse, adding 4 cubic meters of turf, 2000kg of organic fertilizer and 80kg of sulfur powder into each mu of greenhouse, uniformly spreading, ploughing and uniformly stirring;

ridging and digging holes: the planting specification is 2 multiplied by 3 m; the width of the surface is 200cm, the width of the furrow is 85cm, and the height of the furrow is 30 cm;

backfilling nutrient soil for planting: the backfilled nutrient soil is required to be 20cm higher than the ground, and planting is carried out after the backfilled nutrient soil is settled;

wherein the nutrient soil is obtained in the preparation example 3;

2) planting and planting time: spring planting is adopted;

preparing nursery stocks: selecting strong seedlings which are free of diseases and insect pests, have more than 3 main branches and developed root groups, cutting off overlong branches and leaves after seedling lifting, dipping the roots in slurry, and keeping the roots wet;

planting: planting in the afternoon in the cloudy and warm weather, digging a planting hole in the center of planting nutrient soil according to the size of a root group during planting to naturally stretch the root system, backfilling the nutrient soil, drenching sufficient root-fixing water after planting, covering a sunshade net in sunny days, and keeping the tree tray soil moist for 20 days;

3) management of saplings

Applying fertilizer 7 days before germination, applying for 1 time from self-shearing to turning green of young sprout, wherein the fertilizer for two times is lemon special fertilizer, and the fertilizer application amount for two times is 50 g/plant;

when the crown reaches 85cm, spraying monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer for 2 times, wherein the spraying interval is 7 days;

4) fruit bearing tree management

Applying germination accelerating fertilizer 13 days before germination in spring, wherein the fertilizer is quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and is matched with equal amount of phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the fertilizing amount is 13 kg/mu, 1 time in 10 days and 2 times continuously;

fertilizing in 6-7 months, wherein the fertilizers are hemp residue and high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer, the fertilizing amount of the hemp residue is 2.5 kg/plant, the fertilizing amount of the high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer is 240 g/plant, continuously fertilizing for 3 times at intervals of 15 days;

ditching around the tree in 12-1 month, applying organic fertilizer, and fertilizing 14 kg/plant;

5) pruning and pruning

According to the growth and shaping of branches, the buds on the bone branches are frequently erased when the branches are uniformly distributed in the peripheral space, more branches and leaves are remained, and the spring tips are topped on the principle that a small amount of sunlight can penetrate into the interior of a crown; erasing or cutting off strong branches and dense big branches at the top of a crown of a summer tip according to the principle of removing 1 by 3 and removing 2 by 5; pruning in winter mainly comprises thinning and shearing spindly branches, cross branches, dead branches, shadow branches, insect-infected branches, straight and extended branches and shrinking and shearing thick and strong bearing branches;

6) flower and fruit protection

The lemon spring flowers have large amount, poor quality, more fallen flowers and fruits and low fruit setting rate, and the work of flower and fruit retention must be done; cutting roots, girdling branches, cultivating strong branches, pruning weak branches with dense buds and dense mother branches, paying attention to flower control and fruit thinning and supplementing fertilizers in time when the lemons grow vigorously to the bearing trees;

7) pest control

Scab of the skin: spraying pesticide to protect young fruits when flowers are withered at 2/3, and spraying with 900 times of 50% carbendazim solution;

mites: 2500 times of solution of 73% propargite; spraying 1200 times of the Aika mite liquid;

thrips: hanging 20 backboard/mu; spraying thiamethoxam according to the specification of the thiamethoxam;

8) harvesting at the right time

The fruit picking method adopts a two-shearing method, wherein the first shearing shears the fruits together with the fruit stalks, the second shearing shears the sepals to remove the fruit stalks, and the second shearing shears the fruit stalks to be flat.

Example 4

The method for cultivating the suburb facility lemon in the embodiment 4 is different from the embodiment 1 in that the variety of the lemon is the Beijing lemon.

Example 5

The suburb facility lemon cultivation method in example 5 is different from example 1 in that perfume lemons are adopted for the variety of lemons.

Comparative example 1

The method for cultivating the lemon in the embodiment 2 of the Chinese patent invention with the publication number of CN 107771597A.

Comparative example 2

The method for cultivating the lemon in the embodiment 2 in the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN107771597A is used for cultivating the lemon in the suburb of Beijing, and the variety of the lemon is Youlek.

Comparative example 3

The method for cultivating the lemon in the embodiment 2 in the Chinese invention patent with the publication number of CN107771597A is planted in the suburb of Beijing, and the variety of the lemon is the Beijing lemon.

Comparative example 4

The method for cultivating the lemon in the embodiment 2 in the Chinese invention patent with the publication number of CN107771597A is planted in the suburb of the Beijing, and the variety of the lemon is the perfume lemon.

Performance test

The lemons of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were extracted and tested by the following method, and the specific results are shown in table 2.

Survival rate: survival rate is survival number/planting number

The safety quality of agricultural products is standard for the safety requirements of pollution-free fruits: GB 18406.2-2001.

The weight of a single fruit: 10 lemon fruits of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were extracted, respectively, and the average single fruit weight was calculated.

Yield per mu in high yield period: and calculating the total harvest of the abundant period.

TABLE 2 test results of the lemon and its cultivation method of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4

As can be seen from the detection results in Table 2, the cultivation method of the suburb lemon is higher in survival rate than the comparative examples 1-4, and the lemon fruits meet the safety requirement standard of agricultural products on safety quality and pollution-free fruits. And the weight of the single fruit of the invention is more than 145g, which exceeds the weight of the single fruit in comparative examples 1-4. The yield per mu in the productive period is higher than that of the comparative examples 1-4 and reaches more than 3200 kg.

As can be seen from the test data of examples 1-3, the nutrient soils obtained in preparation examples 1-3 are not significantly different.

From the detection data of the example 1 and the examples 4-5, the application of the cultivation method of the invention can be seen, the survival rate, the single fruit weight and the acre yield of the high yield period of 3 varieties of lemons such as Youlek, Beijing lemon, perfume lemon and the like are all higher than that of the comparative example 1, and the cultivation method of the Jingsuburb lemon is applicable to a plurality of varieties of lemons.

From the detection data of the example 1 and the comparative examples 2-4, the method of the comparative example 1 is adopted for planting in suburb areas, or the method of the comparative example 1 is adopted for planting in suburb areas, and after the lemon varieties are replaced, the planted lemons are lower in survival rate, single fruit weight and yield per mu in the high yield period; the method for planting the lemons is characterized in that the planting of the lemons is regional, and the planting method of the lemons is correspondingly adjusted according to different regions, varieties of the lemons and the like.

As can be seen from the test data in examples 1-2, the selection of the ordinary sunlight greenhouse and the greenhouse with heating can be used for the cultivation of the lemons.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A cultivation method of a suburb facility lemon is characterized by comprising the following steps: which comprises the following steps:

1) preparation before planting: preparing soil, improving soil, making bed, digging hole, preparing nutrient soil, backfilling and waiting for planting;

soil preparation and soil improvement: removing impurities, bricks, broken stones and the like in the greenhouse, adding 3-5 cubic meters of turf, 2200kg of organic fertilizer 1800 and 70-80kg of sulfur powder into each mu of greenhouse, uniformly spreading the mixture, and then ploughing and uniformly stirring the mixture;

ridging and digging holes: the planting specification is 2 multiplied by 3 m; the surface width is 180-220cm, the furrow width is 80-90cm, and the furrow height is 30-45 cm;

backfilling nutrient soil for planting: the backfilled nutrient soil is 18-22cm higher than the ground, and planting is carried out after the backfilled nutrient soil is settled;

2) planting: the method comprises the steps of planting time, nursery stock preparation and planting;

the planting time is as follows: selecting spring planting or autumn planting;

preparing nursery stocks: selecting nursery stocks without diseases and insect pests, dipping the roots in slurry, and keeping the roots moist;

planting: during planting, digging a planting hole in the center of planting nutrient soil according to the size of a root group to enable the root system to stretch naturally, and backfilling the nutrient soil;

3) management of saplings: applying fertilizer 7-8 days before germination, applying for 1 time from self-shearing to turning green of young shoots, wherein the fertilizer for the two times is the special fertilizer for lemon, and the fertilizer application amount for the two times is 30-50 g per plant; when the crown reaches 75-85cm, spraying monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times at intervals of 5-8 days;

4) fruit bearing management: the method comprises the steps of fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit retention and pest control;

applying fertilizer 10-15 days before germination in spring, wherein the fertilizer is quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and is matched with equal amount of phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the fertilizer application amount is 10-13 kg/mu, 1 time in 10 days and 2 times continuously; fertilizing in 6-7 months with fertilizing amount of hemp residue at 2-3 kg/plant and fertilizing amount of high potassium water soluble compound fertilizer at 250 g/plant, continuously fertilizing for 3 times at intervals of 10-15 days; ditching around the tree in 12-1 month, applying organic fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-14kg per plant;

5) harvesting: the two-shearing method is adopted.

2. The suburb facility lemon cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the variety of the nursery stock in the step 2) can be lemon, Peking lemon or perfume lemon.

3. The suburb facility lemon cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the greenhouse in the step 1) can be a common sunlight greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse with heating function.

4. The suburb facility lemon cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nutrient soil in the step 1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of grass carbon, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of coarse sand and 35-45 parts of backfill soil.

5. The suburb facility lemon cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation steps of the nutrient soil are as follows: and uniformly stirring the backfill soil, the grass peat and the organic fertilizer, adding the coarse sand, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient soil.

6. The suburb facility lemon cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the number of main branches of the nursery stock in the step 2) is more than 3, the root group is strong, and overlong branches and leaves are cut off before planting.

7. The suburb facility lemon cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the planting process in the step 2), sufficient rooting water is drenched after planting, a sunshade net is covered in sunny days, and the tree tray soil is kept moist for 10-20 days.

8. The suburb facility lemon cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pest control in the step 4) comprises the following aspects:

scab of the skin: spray protection of young shoots, spray protection of young fruits when blossom is 2/3, and spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim 800-;

mites: 3000 times of solution of 73 percent Kemante 2000-; enabling 1000-fold liquid of Ambrotrocha amiantha to spray 1500-fold liquid;

thrips: hanging 20 backboard/mu; and spraying one of ethyl spinosad, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam.