CN111667540B - Multi-camera system calibration method based on pedestrian head recognition - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-camera system calibration method based on pedestrian head recognition, and belongs to the technical field of computer vision. Processing each frame of image, and extracting an ellipse of a head portrait in the image by using a CNN (content-based network) method; calculating the three-dimensional position of the human head in each frame under a camera coordinate system according to the position and the size of the ellipse; selecting any one camera coordinate system as a world coordinate system, and calculating external parameters of other cameras; and optimizing the obtained camera external parameters, and performing alignment conversion on the camera world coordinate system and the selected world coordinate system. The invention takes the human head as a characteristic point, and the point cloud formed by the motion trail of the human head as a virtual calibration object, and provides a method for calculating the three-dimensional coordinate of the head under a monocular single-frame image, which converts the external parameter calibration problem of a plurality of cameras into a three-dimensional point cloud alignment problem. Therefore, real-time online accurate external reference calibration of the multi-camera system is completed by calculating the relative pose between the three-dimensional point clouds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer vision, and particularly relates to a multi-camera system calibration method based on pedestrian head recognition.
Background
With the rapid development of computer vision technology and related fields of artificial intelligence, a multi-camera system is more and more widely applied in the fields of scene reconstruction, smart city security monitoring, airport monitoring, motion capture, sports video analysis, industrial measurement and the like. In recent years, a solution using a camera as an input rapidly occupies a powerful position in the market by virtue of excellent characteristics such as high performance, high convenience and high stability. Although the multiple cameras have great advantages in information processing and integration, the stable and normal operation of the multiple-camera system requires an accurate and fast calibration process.
The traditional calibration method is to use the known scene structure information to calibrate, and usually involves the manufacture of a precise calibration object, a complex calibration process and high-precision known calibration information, and requires a professional to perform complex operation. Moreover, each time the position of the camera set is changed, calibration operation needs to be carried out again.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a multi-camera system calibration method based on pedestrian head recognition, which takes people frequently existing in a scene as calibration objects, can realize online real-time calibration of a camera system, and provides a basis for application such as later monitoring scene understanding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a multi-camera system calibration method based on pedestrian head recognition comprises the following steps:
(1) Enabling a single pedestrian to walk in a camera monitoring area, and simultaneously recording videos by a plurality of cameras to obtain synchronized videos;
(2) Intercepting at least three frames of images from the video of each camera;
(3) Processing each frame of image, and extracting the head ellipse of the pedestrian in the image by using a convolutional neural network to obtain the central point position of the ellipse and the lengths of the long axis and the short axis;
(4) Calculating the three-dimensional position of the ellipse in each frame of image under the coordinate system of the camera according to the position of the central point of the ellipse and the lengths of the long axis and the short axis;
(5) Selecting any one camera coordinate system as a first world coordinate system, and calculating external parameters of other cameras;
(6) And optimizing the obtained camera external parameters, establishing a second world coordinate system by taking a certain point in a room as an origin, and performing alignment conversion on the second world coordinate system and the first world coordinate system to obtain the positions of all cameras in the second world coordinate system so as to finish the calibration of the multi-camera system.
Further, the specific manner of the step (3) is as follows:
(301) Segmenting the image, and selecting a rectangular frame with the proportion between [2/3,3/2] as a candidate frame;
(302) Performing convolution operation on all candidate frames by using a convolution neural network, and selecting the candidate frame with the highest score as an image of the head of the pedestrian in the image;
(303) And converting the candidate frame with the highest score into an ellipse to obtain the head ellipse of the pedestrian, the central point position of the ellipse and the lengths of the long axis and the short axis.
Further, the specific manner of step (4) is as follows:
(401) Obtaining the pixel coordinate (u) of the ellipse center under the image coordinate system according to the ellipse central point position and the length of the long axis and the short axis s ,v s ) The pixel coordinates are then converted to physical coordinates (x) according to the camera's internal parameters s ,y s )；
(402) Calculating to obtain an ellipse area A according to the position of the central point of the ellipse and the lengths of the long axis and the short axis, and further obtaining the Z-axis coordinate of the ellipse under the coordinate system of the camera
Wherein R is s To model the pedestrian's head as the radius at the ball, θ is an intermediate variable, <' > H>
(403) Calculating the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the ellipse under the camera coordinate system: x s ＝x s Z s ，Y s ＝y s Z s Obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates (X) of the ellipse under the coordinate system of the camera s ,Y s ,Z s )。
Further, the specific manner of step (5) is as follows:
(501) Recording discrete three-dimensional point cloud r of three-dimensional positions of heads of pedestrians under different cameras k (t), k is a camera mark;
(502) Selecting as a first world coordinate system the camera coordinate system of a camera denoted 1 whose discrete three-dimensional point cloud is r 1 (t)；
(503) Calculating center points of point clouds of camera 1 and camera k
And &>
Wherein N is the total number of discrete points;
(504) Moving the coordinate origin points of the two point clouds to the point cloud center respectively:
wherein, g 1 (t)、g k (t) moving the origin of coordinates to obtain a discrete three-dimensional point cloud;
(505) According to equation g k (t)＝R k g 1 (t) obtaining a rotation vector R of the camera k with respect to the camera 1 by singular value decomposition calculation k ，
(506) Calculating the offset vector c of camera k relative to camera 1 k ：
R k And c k I.e. the external parameters of camera k, namely:
r k (t)＝R k r 1 (t)+c k 。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides an effective multi-camera system method, which can obtain good calibration effect without additional calibration objects and complicated calibration processes.
2. The method is simple and easy to implement, and can carry out automatic online calibration under the condition that a multi-camera system does not shut down, thereby greatly improving the calibration efficiency.
3. The on-line calibration through monocular depth measurement and a multi-camera system has been a research hotspot in the field, and at present, common methods are roughly divided into two types: one type is a calibration method based on the traditional calibration object, and although the method can obtain good effect, the method has high requirement on the manufacturing precision of the calibration object, the calibration flow is complicated, and online calibration cannot be realized; the other type is a self-calibration method, a specially-made calibration object is not needed in the method, and the corresponding relation between cameras is established by depending on feature points in an image, but the method cannot establish the corresponding relation of the feature points under the condition that the visual angle between the cameras is large, so that the application difficulty in a real scene is high. In view of this, the invention firstly uses the human head as a characteristic point, uses the point cloud formed by the motion track of the human head as a virtual calibration object, and provides a method for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the head under a monocular single-frame image, so as to convert the external reference calibration problem of multiple cameras into the three-dimensional point cloud alignment problem. And the real-time online accurate external reference calibration of the multi-camera system is completed by calculating the relative pose between the three-dimensional point clouds. This approach is an important innovation over the prior art.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a calibration method for a multi-camera system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic projection diagram of a ball in an image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a human head extracted by a convolutional neural network in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to facilitate the understanding and implementation of the present invention for those of ordinary skill in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and are not restrictive thereof.
A multi-camera system calibration method based on pedestrian head recognition comprises the following steps:
step 1, after a multi-camera system is installed, firstly, a single pedestrian walks in a camera monitoring area, and then, a plurality of cameras record videos at the same time to obtain synchronized videos;
step 2, at least three frames of images are intercepted from each video;
step 3, processing each frame of image, extracting the ellipse of the head portrait in the image by using a CNN convolutional neural network method, comprising the following steps:
step 3.1, carrying out segmentation operation on the image, and selecting a rectangular frame with the proportion of [2/3,3/2] as a candidate frame;
step 3.2, performing convolution operation on all candidate frames by utilizing a convolution neural network, and selecting the candidate frame with the highest score as an image of the head in the image;
and 3.3, converting the candidate frame into an ellipse.
Step 4, calculating the three-dimensional position of the human head in each frame under the camera coordinate system according to the position and the size of the ellipse, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, according toEllipse parameters to obtain the coordinates (u) of the center of the ellipse in the image coordinate system s ,v s ) Then (x) is obtained from camera parameters s ,y s ) Further obtain
Step 4.2, calculating according to the ellipse parameters to obtain an ellipse area A, and determining the E in combination with the fact that A is approximately equal to pi 2 [ cos ] theta and Z s ＝R s /[ epsilon ] can be calculated
Step 4.3, finally calculating to obtain X s ＝x s Z s ，Y s ＝y s Z s 。
And 5, selecting any one of the camera coordinate systems as a world coordinate system, and calculating the external parameters of other cameras.
And 6, optimizing the obtained camera external parameters, and performing alignment conversion on the camera world coordinate system and the selected world coordinate system.
The following is a more specific example:
referring to fig. 1, a method for calibrating a multi-camera system based on pedestrian head recognition includes the following steps:
step 1, after a multi-camera system is installed, firstly, a single pedestrian walks in a camera monitoring area, and then, a plurality of cameras record videos simultaneously to obtain synchronized videos;
step 2, at least three frames of images are intercepted from each video;
step 3, processing each frame of image, and extracting an ellipse of the head portrait in the image by using a CNN method to obtain a detection graph as shown in fig. 3, including the following substeps:
step 3.1, performing segmentation operation on the image by adopting an image segmentation algorithm, and selecting a rectangular frame with the proportion between [2/3,3/2] as a candidate frame, wherein the specific image segmentation algorithm is disclosed in a document [1]:
[1]K.E.A.van de Sande,J.R.R.Uijlings,T.Gevers&A.W.M.Smeulders.Segmentation as selective search for object recognition.In International Conference on Computer Vision,pages1879–1886,Nov 2011.
step 3.2, performing convolution operation on all rectangular frames by using a convolution neural network, selecting the rectangular frame with the highest score as an image of the head in the image, and specifically, a human head detection algorithm based on the convolution neural network is disclosed in a document [2]:
[2]T.H.Vu,A.Osokin&I.Laptev.Context-Aware CNNsfor Person Head Detection.In IEEE International Conferenceon Computer Vision,pages 2893–2901,Dec 2015.
and 3.3, converting the rectangular frame obtained in the previous detection into an ellipse.
Step 4, calculating the three-dimensional position of the human head in each frame under the camera coordinate system according to the position and the size of the ellipse, and comprising the following substeps:
step 4.1, the projection schematic diagram of the ball in the image is shown in fig. 2, and the coordinates (u) of the center of the ellipse under the image coordinate system are obtained according to the ellipse parameters s ,v s ) Then (x) is obtained from camera parameters s ,y s ) Further obtain
Step 4.2, calculating according to the ellipse parameters to obtain an ellipse area A, and determining the E in combination with the A ≈ pi ∈ 2 Cos θ and Z s ＝R s /. Epsilon.can be calculated
And 4.3, finally, calculating to obtain the three-dimensional position of the human head in a camera coordinate system: x s ＝x s Z s ，Y s ＝y s Z s 。
Step 5, calculating the external parameters of the cameras by adopting a singular value decomposition algorithm, selecting any one of the camera coordinate systems as a world coordinate system, and calculating the external parameters of other cameras, wherein the method comprises the following substeps:
step 5.1, suppose a person is in motionThe human head three-dimensional position obtains a plurality of rows of discrete three-dimensional point cloud partial tables r under different cameras k (t),r 1 (t), where k is the camera designation. The transformation between two point clouds is shown in formula (1), where R k And t k The rotation and offset of the camera k relative to the first camera are the parameters of the camera k.
r k (t)＝R k r 1 (t)+c k (I)
Firstly, the central points of two point clouds are calculated
Moving the coordinate origin of the two point clouds to the point cloud center->
Then obtain g k (t)＝R k g 1 (t) calculating by singular value decomposition algorithm to obtain R k ；
Step 5.2 finally calculating to obtain an offset vector
The specific algorithm is described in the literature [3]：
[3]K.S.Arun,T.S.Huang&S.D.Blostein.Least-SquaresFitting of Two 3-D Point Sets.IEEE Transactions onPattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,vol.9,no.5,pages 698–700,Sept 1987.
And 6, optimizing the obtained camera external parameters, and performing registration conversion on the camera world coordinate system and the selected world coordinate system. The calibration error projection error of the method is 1.6 pixels, the attitude error is 0.6 degrees, the offset error is 1.1 percent, and the calibration result is accurate.
In a word, the method processes each frame of image, and extracts the ellipse of the head portrait in the image by using a CNN method; calculating the three-dimensional position of the human head in each frame under a camera coordinate system according to the position and the size of the ellipse; selecting any one camera coordinate system as a world coordinate system, and calculating external parameters of other cameras; and optimizing the obtained camera external parameters, and performing alignment conversion on the camera world coordinate system and the selected world coordinate system. The invention takes the human head as a characteristic point, and the point cloud formed by the motion track of the human head as a virtual calibration object, and provides a method for calculating the three-dimensional coordinate of the head under a monocular single-frame image, so that the external parameter calibration problem of a multi-camera is converted into a three-dimensional point cloud alignment problem. Therefore, real-time online accurate external reference calibration of the multi-camera system is completed by calculating the relative pose between the three-dimensional point clouds.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, improvement or the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A multi-camera system calibration method based on pedestrian head recognition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Enabling a single pedestrian to walk in a camera monitoring area, and simultaneously recording videos by a plurality of cameras to obtain synchronized videos;
(2) Intercepting at least three frames of images from the video of each camera;
(3) Processing each frame of image, and extracting the head ellipse of the pedestrian in the image by using a convolutional neural network to obtain the central point position of the ellipse and the lengths of the long axis and the short axis;
(4) Calculating the three-dimensional position of the ellipse in each frame of image under the coordinate system of the camera according to the position of the central point of the ellipse and the lengths of the long axis and the short axis;
(5) Selecting any one camera coordinate system as a first world coordinate system, and calculating external parameters of other cameras;
(6) And optimizing the obtained camera external parameters, establishing a second world coordinate system by taking a certain point in a room as an origin, and performing alignment conversion on the second world coordinate system and the first world coordinate system to obtain the positions of all cameras in the second world coordinate system so as to finish the calibration of the multi-camera system.
2. The method for calibrating a multi-camera system based on pedestrian head recognition according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) is implemented by:
(301) Segmenting the image, and selecting a rectangular frame with the proportion of [2/3,3/2] as a candidate frame;
(302) Performing convolution operation on all candidate frames by using a convolution neural network, and selecting the candidate frame with the highest score as an image of the head of the pedestrian in the image;
(303) And converting the candidate frame with the highest score into an ellipse to obtain the ellipse of the head of the pedestrian, and the central point position, the length of the long axis and the length of the short axis of the ellipse.
3. The method for calibrating a multi-camera system based on pedestrian head recognition according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) is implemented by:
(401) Obtaining the pixel coordinate (u) of the ellipse center under the image coordinate system according to the ellipse central point position and the length of the long axis and the short axis s ,v s ) The pixel coordinates are then converted to physical coordinates (x) according to the camera's internal parameters s ,y s )；
(402) Calculating to obtain an ellipse area A according to the position of the central point of the ellipse and the lengths of the long axis and the short axis, and further obtaining the Z-axis coordinate of the ellipse under the coordinate system of the camera
Wherein R is s To model the pedestrian's head as the radius at the ball, θ is an intermediate variable, <' > H>
(403) Calculating the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the ellipse under the camera coordinate system: x s ＝x s Z s ，Y s ＝y s Z s Obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates (X) of the ellipse under the coordinate system of the camera s ,Y s ,Z s )。
4. The method for calibrating a multi-camera system based on pedestrian head recognition according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) is implemented by:
(501) Recording discrete three-dimensional point cloud r of three-dimensional positions of heads of pedestrians under different cameras k (t), k is a camera mark;
(502) Selecting as a first world coordinate system the camera coordinate system of a camera denoted 1 whose discrete three-dimensional point cloud is r 1 (t)；
(503) Calculating center points of point clouds of camera 1 and camera k
And &>
Wherein N is the total number of discrete points;
(504) Moving the coordinate origin of the two point clouds to the point cloud center respectively:
wherein, g 1 (t)、g k (t) moving the origin of coordinates to obtain a discrete three-dimensional point cloud;
(505) According to equation g k (t)＝R k g 1 (t) obtaining a rotation vector R of the camera k with respect to the camera 1 by singular value decomposition calculation k ，
(506) Calculating the offset vector c of camera k relative to camera 1 k ：
R k And c k I.e. the external parameters of camera k, namely:
r k (t)＝R k r 1 (t)+c k 。
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