CN111666094A - Real-time firmware upgrading system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for updating real-time firmware. The system comprises at least two program memories, a central processing unit, a download control circuit, a communication interface, a check device and a status register, wherein the central processing unit runs a current firmware in the program memories, sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit when the download control circuit detects a new firmware, instructs the download control circuit to download the new firmware to another program memory while running the current firmware after the central processing unit responds, and switches to another program memory storing the new firmware and runs the new firmware after the download is completed. The invention can download and run the new firmware without the need of stopping the current running program of the system and restarting the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of system firmware upgrading, in particular to a firmware upgrading system and a firmware upgrading method.
Background
In the prior art, when the system firmware is upgraded, all programs currently running must be stopped. When the new firmware is downloaded and burned, the system is restarted, and the system is allowed to run the new firmware and other programs. More and more embedded control systems use flash memory to store firmware, but the flash memory has a limitation on the number of burning times. When the flash memory burning times are close to the maximum limit value, the system has the risk of downtime.
However, some special industries do not allow a system to be down and require that the current program cannot be stopped during firmware upgrade, such as: security systems, power systems, etc. Once the current program stops running, it may affect the public interests or affect the normal operation of the enterprise.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention solves the problems of the prior art and provides a new system and method for firmware upgrade. The system can realize that the currently running system program is not stopped in the firmware upgrading process, and new firmware can be run without restarting the system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a real-time firmware upgrade system, which includes a central processing unit, at least two program memories for independently storing firmware, wherein the program memories are electrically connected to the central processing unit. The download control circuit is also electrically connected with the program memory. The central processing unit only operates the firmware in one program memory currently, when new firmware is required to be downloaded to the system from the outside, the firmware is downloaded to other idle program memories which are not operated through the download control circuit, and after the downloading is completed correctly, the central processing unit is switched to the newly downloaded program memory to operate the new firmware therein.
The program memories are two independent program memories, namely a first program memory and a second program memory, and the first program memory and the second program memory are electrically connected with the central processing unit through a check device.
The central processing unit selects the program memory storing the latest downloaded firmware to run during initial running by reading the firmware version information in the status register.
When the new firmware is required to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit. After the CPU responds to the interrupt request, the CPU selects the idle program memory for the download control circuit to download the new firmware.
When the new firmware is required to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit. After the central processing unit responds to the interrupt request, it checks whether another free program memory is normal. If the firmware is normal, the central processing unit downloads the new firmware version to the idle program memory through the download control circuit.
After the download control circuit downloads the new firmware, the new firmware is verified. When the verification is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again. And after responding to the interrupt request, the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, otherwise, if the verification is wrong, the central processing unit does not switch and still runs the firmware in the original program memory.
When the CPU is switched to the newly downloaded program memory, it will first access the switching firmware area of the current program memory. After the CPU executes the program for switching the firmware area, the CPU can be switched to the program processor with the new firmware and run the new firmware.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a real-time program upgrading method based on a real-time program upgrading system, comprising the steps of:
the firmware is operated, the central processing unit is electrically connected with at least two program memories which independently store the firmware, and only the firmware in one program memory is operated currently;
downloading firmware, wherein when a new version of firmware needs to be downloaded from the outside, the central processing unit downloads the firmware to other idle program memories which are not operated through a download control circuit;
and firmware switching, namely switching the central processing unit to a newly downloaded program memory to operate the new firmware therein after the downloading is completed correctly.
In the program running step, the central processing unit only runs the firmware in the first program memory or only runs the firmware in the second program memory.
In the step of downloading the firmware, when the download control circuit detects that a new firmware is required to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit selects an idle program memory for the download control circuit to download the new firmware into after responding to the interrupt request.
When the download control circuit detects that new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit. After the central processing unit responds to the interrupt request, the central processing unit checks whether another free program memory is normal. If the firmware is normal, the central processing unit downloads the new firmware to the idle program memory through the download control circuit.
After the download control circuit downloads the new firmware, the new firmware is verified. When the verification is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again. And after responding to the interrupt request, the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, otherwise, if the verification is wrong, the central processing unit does not switch and still runs the firmware in the original program memory.
When the central processor is switched to the newly downloaded program memory, it accesses the switching firmware area of the current program memory. After the CPU executes the program for switching the firmware area, the CPU can be switched to the program processor with the new firmware and run the new firmware.
The real-time firmware upgrading system and method of the invention can download the new firmware to the idle program memory by setting at least two program memories for storing the firmware independently, and the central processing unit directly operates the new firmware in the program memory after the downloading is finished.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system, in which a check device is connected to a central processing unit and two program memories, and the central processing unit can only run firmware in one of the program memories;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system, in which a central processing unit selects a program memory with the latest firmware to run by reading information of a status register;
FIG. 4 shows a switch firmware area in the program memory of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a first embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade method according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a second embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system, which includes at least two program memories 1 for independently storing firmware, a central processing unit 2, a download control circuit 3, and a communication interface 4.
Fig. 1 shows, by way of example, two program memories 1, the program memories 1 being electrically connected to a central processor 2; this electrical connection enables the cpu 2 to execute, call, modify, and store the firmware or the program in the program memory 1, and in other embodiments, a number of program memories 1, such as 3 or 4, may also be used, which is not limited by the present invention.
The firmware refers to software embedded in hardware, and is a type of system software. The firmware is typically updated according to system requirements.
Further, the program memory 1 is a storage medium for storing firmware in the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art may select a storage medium from which to read and write in the present invention. In order to implement the invention, at least two program memories 1 are provided. The central processing unit 2 only runs the firmware in one program memory 1 at the same time, and when the other program memory is used as a standby program memory and has a new firmware version, the central processing unit 2 downloads the new firmware version into the standby program memory.
The cpu 2 is a core component in the system, which is responsible for reading, decoding, and executing instructions. The system is electrically connected with a download control circuit 3, a central processing unit 2 selects a program memory 1, and when the system needs to operate the current firmware or the new firmware version, the central processing unit 2 selects the program memory in which the current firmware is stored or the program memory in which the new firmware version is stored to operate. The central processing unit 2 responds to the interrupt request of the download control circuit 3, and controls the download control circuit 3 to download, store and verify the new firmware.
The download control circuit 3 is electrically connected to the communication interface 4, and the download control circuit 3 is also electrically connected to the program memory 1. The communication interface 4 here includes an interface having a communication transmission function, such as a network communication interface, a wireless communication interface, and a USB interface. The download control circuit 3 is mainly used for detecting when the communication interface 4 receives new firmware, and interacting with the central processing unit 2 to complete the download, verification and selective storage of the new firmware in the corresponding program memory 1. The central processing unit 2 only operates the firmware in one program memory 1 currently, when new firmware needs to be downloaded to the system from the outside, the firmware is downloaded to other idle program memories 1 which are not operated through the download control circuit 3, and after the downloading is completed correctly, the central processing unit 2 is switched to the newly downloaded program memory 1 to operate the new firmware therein.
And the download control circuit 3 is electrically connected with the communication interface 4 and the central processing unit 2 respectively. When the download control circuit 3 detects a new external version of firmware while communicating with the communication interface 4, it issues an interrupt request to the central processor 2. After the cpu 2 responds to the interrupt request, the download control circuit 3 is requested to download the new firmware to the program memory 1.
And the communication interface 4 is electrically connected with the download control circuit 3 and is used for transmitting data.
It can be seen that, by means of the plurality of program memories 1, on one hand, the normal operation of the current firmware program is ensured, and on the other hand, when a new firmware is downloaded, the current firmware program does not need to stop being executed, but is stored in another program memory 1 under the action of the download control circuit 3 and the central processing unit 2, and after the downloading is completed, the program memory 1 where the new firmware is located is directly switched to execute the firmware program therein.
Preferably, if an operation failure or malfunction such as a virus infection or unstable program operation occurs in the program memory 1 where the new firmware is executed, the program can be returned to the previous program memory for operation. Therefore, a standby safety protection mechanism or a safety mode can be provided, and the operation stability of the system is enhanced.
Further preferably, in order to reduce the amount of information transmission of the new firmware, the new firmware includes only information different from the firmware in the standby program memory 1, and therefore, when the new firmware is received, the firmware in the standby program memory 1 is upgraded using the information in the new firmware, thereby completing the updating of the firmware in the standby program memory 1. This way, the transmission amount of new firmware can be reduced, and the firmware content in the standby program memory 1 can be used to update only the places which need to be upgraded and modified, which is beneficial to improving the processing speed.
Further preferably, the new firmware only includes information different from the firmware in the currently operating program memory 1, so that, after receiving the new firmware, the information in the new firmware is used to perform upgrade processing on the firmware in the currently operating program memory 1, and the new firmware obtained after the upgrade processing is stored in the standby program memory 1 as the updated new firmware. The mode is more beneficial to the combination of the updated firmware and the currently running firmware, and the timeliness and the accuracy of firmware upgrade are improved.
Preferably, in the present invention, the meaning of two program memories 1 or a plurality of program memories 1 includes not only two or more independent memory chips, but also two or more independent program memory spaces divided in the same program memory chip, and these program memory spaces are accessed by addressing, so that different program memory spaces can be distinguished by dividing different address segments, and therefore, the problem of address overlapping does not occur.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the real-time firmware upgrade system, and based on the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the real-time firmware upgrade system of this embodiment includes a check device 55 in addition to the program memory 11, the central processing unit 22, the download control circuit 33, and the communication interface 44. The program memory 11 is two independent program memories, i.e., a first program memory and a second program memory, which are electrically connected to the central processor 22 through a check device 55. Of course, a plurality of program memories may be provided, and the central processing unit 22 selectively controls the program memories 11 through a check. The number of passes of the check device 55 can be matched to the number of program memories 11.
Preferably, when the new firmware needs to be downloaded to the program memory 11, the central processing unit 22 checks whether the idle program memory 11 is normal through the check device 55, and if so, stores the new firmware; if not, the CPU 22 still runs the current firmware.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the real-time firmware upgrading system, and based on the second embodiment shown in fig. 2, the real-time firmware upgrading system of this embodiment further includes a status register 666 for indicating firmware version information in the first program memory and the second program memory, in addition to the program memory 111, the central processing unit 222, the download control circuit 333, the communication interface 444, and the check device 555. The status register 666 is electrically connected to the download control circuit 333 and the CPU 222. The central processing unit 222 selects the program memory 111 storing the initial version firmware to run at the initial run by reading the firmware version information in the status register 666. After downloading the new firmware, the cpu 222 selects the program memory 111 storing the new firmware to run by reading the firmware version information in the status register 666.
Preferably, the status register 666 has power down protection function, i.e. the status information therein is still preserved after the power is turned off. Which is used to store state information of the program memory 111, such as firmware version information, CRC check information. After the new firmware of the program memory passes the CRC check, the status register 666 is notified of the firmware version information and the check information.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), which is a commonly used check code with error detection and correction capabilities, is widely used in communications. Cyclic redundancy check codes are commonly used for data checking in synchronous communication between external memories and computers. The invention is used for checking the new version firmware, and the person skilled in the art can use other checking methods which can realize the same function and effect without using the CRC checking method when realizing the invention.
Preferably, when there is a new external firmware version to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit 333 sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit 222, and after the central processing unit 222 responds to the interrupt request, the program memory 111 that is free is selected for the download control circuit 333 to download the new firmware.
Preferably, when there is a new external firmware version to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit 333 sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit 222, the central processing unit 222 checks whether the other idle program memory 111 is normal, and if so, the central processing unit downloads the new firmware version to the idle program memory 111 through the download control circuit 333. By checking the performance state of the further free program memory 111, the reliability of the firmware download and storage can be further improved.
Preferably, after the download control circuit 333 downloads the new firmware, the new firmware is also verified. When the verification is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit 222 again, and the central processing unit 222 switches to the newly downloaded program memory 111 to run the new firmware therein after responding to the interrupt request. Otherwise, if the verification is incorrect, the cpu 222 does not switch and still runs the firmware in the original program memory 111.
Fig. 4 is a switched firmware region 777 in program memory in an embodiment three of the real-time firmware upgrade system. When the central processing unit 222 is ready to switch to the newly downloaded program memory 111, it first accesses the switching firmware area 777 of the current program memory 111, and after the central processing unit 222 executes the program of the switching firmware area 777, it can switch to the program processor storing the new firmware and run the new firmware. A switching firmware area 777 is provided in the program memory. When the memory needs to be switched, the cpu 222 accesses the area. After the area program is executed, the conversion of the program memory 111 is completed.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrading method, and based on the same concept, the present invention further provides a real-time firmware upgrading method, including the following steps:
s1, firmware operation, the CPU is electrically connected with at least two program memories for storing firmware independently, and only one firmware in the program memory is operated currently;
s2, downloading firmware, wherein when the external has a new version of firmware to be downloaded, the CPU downloads other idle program memories which are not operated through the download control circuit;
and S3, switching the firmware, and when the downloading is finished correctly, switching the central processing unit to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein.
Preferably, in the step S1, the program memory includes a first program memory and a second program memory, and in the program operation, the central processing unit currently operates only the firmware in the first program memory or only the firmware in the second program memory.
Preferably, in step S2, when the download control circuit detects that a new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit selects an idle program memory for the download control circuit to download the new firmware into after responding to the interrupt request.
Preferably, when the download control circuit detects that a new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit checks whether another idle program memory is normal; if the firmware is normal, the central processing unit downloads the new firmware to the idle program memory through the download control circuit.
Preferably, in step S3, after the download control circuit downloads the new firmware, the new firmware is verified, and when the verification is correct, the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, otherwise, if the verification is incorrect, the central processing unit does not switch to and still runs the firmware in the original program memory.
Preferably, after the download control circuit finishes downloading the new firmware, the new firmware is also verified, when the verification is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again, the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory after responding to the interrupt request, the new firmware in the newly downloaded program memory is operated, and if the verification is wrong, the central processing unit does not switch, and the firmware in the original program memory is still operated.
Preferably, when the central processing unit is switched to the newly downloaded program memory, it first accesses the switching firmware area of the current program memory, and after the central processing unit executes the switching firmware area program, it can be switched to the program processor storing the new firmware and run the new firmware.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a second embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrading method, where the real-time firmware upgrading method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
s11, the CPU is connected with the program memory, there are at least two program memories, the CPU runs the current firmware in the first program memory;
s12, the download control circuit is connected with the CPU and the program memory, and the download control circuit detects the next new version of firmware;
s13, the download control circuit sends interrupt instruction request to the CPU after detecting the new firmware;
s14, the CPU responds the request of the interrupt instruction, otherwise, the download control circuit sends the request of the interrupt instruction to the CPU again until the CPU responds the request of the interrupt instruction;
s15, after the CPU responds the request of the interrupt instruction, it judges if the other idle program processors are normal, i.e. judges if the second program memory is normal, if the program memory is not normal, the CPU still runs the current firmware;
s16, after the second program memory is judged to be normal, the central processing unit controls the download control circuit to download the new firmware version to the second program memory;
s17, after the download is finished, the download control circuit checks the new firmware version, if the check result is wrong, the CPU still runs the current firmware;
s18, if the check result is correct, the download control circuit sends the interrupt instruction request to the CPU again;
s19, the CPU responds the request of the interrupt instruction, otherwise, the download control circuit sends the request of the interrupt instruction to the CPU again until the CPU responds the request of the interrupt instruction;
and S20, switching the central processing unit to the second memory and running the new version of firmware in the second memory.
Preferably, when the central processing unit is switched to the newly downloaded program memory, it first accesses the switching firmware area of the current program memory, and after the central processing unit executes the switching firmware area program, it can be switched to the program processor storing the new firmware and run the new firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application or are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the present application.
Has the advantages that: the invention ensures that the system firmware of some special industries does not need to stop running the system program in the upgrading process and does not need to restart the system after the system firmware is downloaded. If the system is infected with virus or has other faults, another backup firmware can be immediately operated, so that the system can normally work and the stability of the operation of the system is ensured. If the new firmware only comprises information different from the old firmware, the information transmission quantity of the new firmware can be reduced in the system updating process, and the system processing speed is improved.
Claims (14)
1. A real-time firmware upgrading system comprises a central processing unit and is characterized by further comprising at least two program memories for independently storing firmware, wherein the program memories are electrically connected with the central processing unit; the download control circuit is also electrically connected with the program memory; the central processing unit only operates the firmware in one program memory currently, when new firmware is required to be downloaded to the system from the outside, the firmware is downloaded to other idle program memories which are not operated through the download control circuit, and after the downloading is completed correctly, the central processing unit is switched to the newly downloaded program memory to operate the new firmware therein.
2. The real-time firmware upgrade system according to claim 1, wherein the program memories are two independent program memories, namely a first program memory and a second program memory, and the first program memory and the second program memory are electrically connected to the central processor through a check device.
3. The real-time firmware upgrade system according to claim 2, further comprising a status register for indicating firmware version information in the first and second program memories, wherein the central processor selects the program memory storing the newly downloaded firmware to operate at initial operation by reading the firmware version information in the status register.
4. The real-time firmware upgrade system according to claim 3, wherein when a new external firmware version needs to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit selects a free program memory for the download control circuit to download the new firmware therein after responding to the interrupt request.
5. The real-time firmware upgrading system of claim 3, wherein when a new external firmware version needs to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, the central processing unit checks whether another idle program memory is normal, and if so, the central processing unit downloads the new firmware version to the idle program memory through the download control circuit.
6. The real-time firmware upgrading system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the download control circuit further checks the new firmware after downloading the new firmware, and when the check is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again, and the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein after responding to the interrupt request, or else, if the check is wrong, the central processing unit does not switch and runs the firmware in the original program memory.
7. The real-time firmware upgrade system of claim 6, wherein when the CPU is ready to switch to the newly downloaded program memory, it first accesses the firmware switching area of the current program memory, and after the CPU executes the firmware switching area program, it can switch to the program processor storing the new firmware and run the new firmware.
8. A real-time program upgrading method, based on the real-time program upgrading system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the firmware is operated, the central processing unit is electrically connected with at least two program memories which independently store the firmware, and only the firmware in one program memory is operated currently;
downloading firmware, wherein when a new version of firmware needs to be downloaded from the outside, the central processing unit downloads the firmware to other idle program memories which are not operated through a download control circuit;
and firmware switching, wherein after the downloading is completed correctly, the central processing unit is switched to the newly downloaded program memory to operate the new firmware therein.
9. The real-time firmware upgrade method according to claim 8, wherein the program memory includes a first program memory and a second program memory, and in the program executing step, the central processor currently executes only firmware in the first program memory or only firmware in the second program memory.
10. The real-time firmware upgrading method according to claim 9, wherein in the firmware downloading step, when the download control circuit detects that a new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit selects a free program memory for the download control circuit to download the new firmware into after responding to the interrupt request.
11. The real-time program upgrading method according to claim 8, wherein when the download control circuit detects that a new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit checks whether another idle program memory is normal; if the firmware is normal, the central processing unit downloads the new firmware into the idle program memory through the download control circuit.
12. The real-time program upgrading method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein in the program switching step, after the download control circuit finishes downloading the new firmware, the new firmware is further verified, and after the verification is correct, the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, otherwise, if the verification is wrong, the central processing unit does not switch, and the firmware in the original program memory is kept running.
13. The real-time firmware upgrading method according to claim 12, wherein the new firmware is further verified after the download control circuit finishes downloading the new firmware, when the verification is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again, the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein after responding to the interrupt request, and if the verification is wrong, the central processing unit does not switch and still runs the firmware in the original program memory.
14. The real-time firmware upgrading method of claim 13, wherein when the cpu switches to the newly downloaded program memory, it first accesses the switching firmware area of the current program memory, and after the cpu executes the switching firmware area program, it can switch to the program processor storing the new firmware and run the new firmware.
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