CN111662813A - Straw anaerobic fermentation system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a straw anaerobic fermentation system which comprises a mixing mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a fermentation tank, a circulating mechanism, a gas storage membrane and a backflow mechanism, and also discloses a straw anaerobic fermentation process, which can improve the raw material processing capacity, realize the circulation of materials in the fermentation tank, and solve the problems of difficult feeding and difficult discharging of straws. And all biogas slurry is recycled, so that the straws can be fully fermented and can be continuously and stably used for producing biogas, and the method is suitable for large-scale biogas production engineering by straw fermentation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop anaerobic fermentation, in particular to a straw anaerobic fermentation system and a straw anaerobic fermentation method.
Background
At present, the crop straws are produced in huge amounts in China, the open-air burning of a large amount of straws causes serious air pollution and fire disasters, influences the safe operation of aviation, highways and the like, is a large environmental problem facing all over the country, and the development and utilization of the straws become one of the main environmental problems which are urgently needed to be solved in China. Besides the use of straw as industrial raw material for fertilizer, feed, base material and paper-making, more than half of the straw can be used as energy source. Agricultural wastes such as livestock manure, straws and the like can be converted into renewable clean energy, namely methane, by an anaerobic digestion technology.
However, the prior patent application No. 201510680539.0 discloses a straw fermentation process, which combines storage and hydrolysis, but the straw has the problems of acidification and the like easily caused in a hydrolysis tank for a long time, and is not practical for large-scale biogas engineering.
Therefore, it is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a novel anaerobic fermentation system and method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a system and a method for straw anaerobic fermentation, which can improve the raw material treatment capacity, realize material circulation in a fermentation tank, recycle all biogas slurry, fully ferment straws and continuously and stably produce biogas, and are suitable for large-scale straw fermentation biogas production engineering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a straw anaerobic fermentation system is characterized by comprising a straw feeding mechanism, a mixing feeding mechanism, a fermentation tank, a circulating mechanism, a gas storage membrane and a backflow mechanism;
the straw feeding mechanism is used for conveying crushed straws to the mixing feeding mechanism, and the downstream of the straw feeding mechanism is communicated with the mixing feeding mechanism;
the mixing and feeding mechanism comprises a mixing tank and a lift pump, and the mixing tank is used for mixing the straws with the reflowed biogas slurry; the downstream of the blending pool is communicated with the fermentation tank through the lifting pump;
the fermentation tank is connected with a circulating mechanism to enable bottom materials of the fermentation tank to circularly enter the fermentation tank from the top of the fermentation tank, the fermentation tank is communicated with the gas storage membrane, the fermentation tank is communicated with the backflow mechanism, and the backflow mechanism is communicated with the mixed feeding mechanism, so that fermented biogas slurry can be conveyed to the mixed feeding mechanism to be recycled.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: according to the straw anaerobic fermentation system disclosed by the invention, continuous fermentation can be realized by mutually matching the straw feeding mechanism, the mixing feeding mechanism, the fermentation tank, the circulating mechanism, the gas storage membrane and the backflow mechanism, the straw feeding mechanism can stably and quantitatively convey materials to the fermentation tank, and the raw material treatment capacity is improved; the lift pump is used for pumping the mixture of the straws and the biogas slurry into the anaerobic tank; the feeding holes are uniformly distributed in the fermentation tank, so that the aim of uniform distribution can be fulfilled, and the biogas slurry generated by fermentation is conveyed to the mixing and feeding mechanism through the backflow mechanism, so that the cyclic utilization of raw materials can be realized; through the circulating mechanism, under the condition that the straws are not fed, the effect that the inoculum in the biogas slurry is contacted with the straws and pushes down the floating straws is achieved by utilizing the biogas slurry circulation, so that the contact between the straws and biological bacteria can be increased, and the material is pressed down.
Preferably, the straw feeding mechanism comprises a feeding box, a conveying belt and a belt scale, a material hopper is arranged outside the feeding box, and a variable-frequency speed-regulating scraper plate is arranged inside the feeding box;
the conveying belt is used for quantitatively conveying crushed straws to the blending pool, and the downstream of the conveying belt is communicated with the blending pool;
the belt weigher is used for measuring the feeding amount of straws and is arranged on the conveying belt.
Preferably, set up the agitator in the mixing tank, the paddle of agitator is long arm structure, set up the square plate perpendicularly on the paddle of agitator.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: the square plate vertically arranged on the paddle can effectively press the floating straws below the liquid level, and the contact between the straws and biological bacteria is increased.
Preferably, the top of the fermentation tank is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet, the feed inlet is distributed in a multipoint distribution manner, the upstream of the feed inlet is communicated with the lift pump, and the air outlet is communicated with the gas storage membrane; the fermentation tank bottom sets up the discharge gate, the discharge gate passes through circulation mechanism with the feed inlet intercommunication, just the discharge gate with return mechanism intercommunication.
Preferably, the circulating mechanism comprises a discharge pump, a circulating pipeline and a valve, and the discharge port is communicated with the feed inlet through the discharge pump, the circulating pipeline and the valve.
The preferable backflow mechanism comprises a solid-liquid separator, a backflow pump, a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a valve; the upper stream of the solid-liquid separator is communicated with the discharge pump, the solid-liquid separator is provided with a biogas slurry outlet and a biogas residue outlet, the biogas slurry outlet is communicated with the biogas mixing tank through the reflux pump and a first pipeline, and the biogas residue outlet is used for collecting biogas residues; the second pipeline and the valve are communicated with the discharge pump and the blending pool.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: the fermented material output by the discharge pump directly enters the blending pool through a second pipeline and a valve under the control of the valve for recycling; or the fermented material output by the discharge pump is separated by a solid-liquid separator under the control of a valve to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residues, the biogas slurry enters the blending pool through the first pipeline and the valve for recycling, the dry matter content in the mixture obtained by the blending pool can be adjusted by using the biogas residues, and the biogas residues are further recycled. The backflow mechanism comprises two pipelines which can meet the requirements of materials which flow back to the mixing pool in different production periods.
Preferably, the solid-liquid separator is a screw extrusion type solid-liquid separator.
Preferably, a pulverizer is arranged upstream of the straw feeding mechanism.
The invention also provides a straw anaerobic fermentation process, which adopts the straw anaerobic fermentation system as claimed in the claim, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: firstly, crushing and drying straws in a crusher, then conveying the straws to a mixing tank at a constant speed through a straw feeding mechanism, mixing the straws with biogas slurry generated after fermentation, and controlling the feeding speed and the discharging speed of a feeding box to ensure that the dry matter content in the obtained mixture is 8-10%;
(2) feeding: the mixed materials in the mixing tank are fed to a feeding hole in the top of the fermentation tank through a lifting pump, and the feeding hole is switched according to the feeding condition, so that the aim of uniformly distributing the materials is fulfilled;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the materials entering the fermentation tank, a medium-temperature fermentation mode is adopted, the temperature of the materials in the anaerobic tank is set to be 38-42 ℃, and the materials at the bottom in the fermentation tank enter the fermentation tank from a feed inlet through a discharge pump in the initial fermentation stage;
(4) discharging: the fermented materials enter a solid-liquid separator through a discharge pump and a first pipeline for solid-liquid separation, the separated biogas slurry is conveyed to a blending tank through a reflux pump and the first pipeline for mixing and blending, biogas residue collection can be used for manufacturing organic fertilizers, and the generated biogas is stored into a gas storage membrane from a biogas outlet; or the fermented materials are directly conveyed to the blending pool through the discharge pump, the second pipeline and the valve.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: according to the straw anaerobic fermentation process disclosed by the invention, crushed and dried straws are mixed with biogas slurry, so that the recycling of the biogas slurry is realized; the mixed feed liquid is fed to the top of the fermentation tank at a constant speed, so that the system can stably and continuously operate, and the raw material treatment capacity is improved; the material at the bottom of the tank can be circularly fed into the fermentation tank by the discharge pump at the initial stage of fermentation, so that the fermentation efficiency is improved, and the feed pipe can be backwashed; the fermented materials can be subjected to solid-liquid separation by using a solid-liquid separator, and the biogas slurry is conveyed to a mixing room by using a reflux pump to be mixed and proportioned, so that the gas yield is improved.
Preferably, the straws are crushed to the length of 2 cm-10 cm in the step (1), and the crushed straws are placed in a ventilated and dried place for standby.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: the invention greatly reduces the energy consumption of the pulverizer by pulverizing the straws to the length of 2 cm-10 cm, improves the pulverizing treatment capacity and effectively saves the operation cost.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides a straw anaerobic fermentation system and a method, and the straw anaerobic fermentation system and the method have the following beneficial effects:
1) the straw anaerobic fermentation process adopts a continuous fermentation mode, and can improve the raw material treatment capacity by uniformly, quantitatively and stably conveying materials by using the straw feeding mechanism and the mixing feeding mechanism.
2) The material in the fermentation tank can be circulated at the bottom of the fermentation tank through the discharge pump and the circulating pipeline, so that sufficient fermentation is realized, and the effect of backwashing the feeding pipe is also achieved.
4) The stirrer is not arranged in the fermentation tank, a plurality of feed inlets are arranged at the top of the fermentation tank, feeding is distributed in turn, and the straws are forced to sink by downward pushing of newly entering materials, so that the straws are fully contacted with the biogas slurry.
3) The invention utilizes the discharge pump to assist in discharging, thereby replacing a gravity natural discharging mode, solving the problem of difficult discharging and simultaneously improving the discharging efficiency; and the discharged materials are subjected to solid-liquid separation, the liquid part can be used as an inoculum to flow back to a mixing room for mixing, and the solid part can be used for preparing an organic fertilizer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram provided by the present invention.
In the figure:
1 is a straw feeding mechanism, 101 is a pulverizer, 102 is a feeding box, 103 is a conveying belt, 104 is a belt scale, 2 is a mixing pool, 201 is a lifting pump, 3 is a fermentation tank, 301 is a discharging pump, 302 is a return pump, 303 is a solid-liquid separator, 304 is an air storage film, 305 is a first pipeline, 306 is a second pipeline, and 307 is a circulating pipeline.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention embodiment 1 relates to a straw anaerobic fermentation system, which comprises a straw feeding mechanism 1, a mixing feeding mechanism, a fermentation tank 3, a circulating mechanism, a gas storage membrane 304 and a backflow mechanism;
the straw feeding mechanism is used for conveying the crushed straws to the mixing and feeding mechanism, and the downstream of the straw feeding mechanism is communicated with the mixing and feeding mechanism;
the mixing and feeding mechanism comprises a mixing tank 2 and a lift pump 201, and the mixing tank 2 is used for mixing straws with the reflowed biogas slurry; the downstream of the blending pool 2 is communicated with the fermentation tank 3 through a lifting pump 201;
connect circulation mechanism on fermentation cylinder 3 and make 3 bottom material circulations of fermentation cylinder 3 get into fermentation cylinder 3 from the top of fermentation cylinder 3 in, fermentation cylinder 3 and gas storage membrane 304 intercommunication, fermentation cylinder 3 and backflow mechanism intercommunication, backflow mechanism and mixed feed mechanism intercommunication to can carry the natural pond liquid after the fermentation to mixed feed mechanism and carry out reuse.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the straw feeding mechanism comprises a feeding box 102, a conveying belt 103 and a belt scale 104, a material hopper is arranged outside the feeding box 102, and a variable-frequency speed-regulating scraper blade is arranged inside the feeding box 102;
the conveying belt 103 is used for quantitatively conveying the crushed straws to the blending pool 2, and the downstream of the conveying belt 103 is communicated with the blending pool 2;
the belt weigher 104 is used for measuring the straw feeding amount, and the belt weigher 104 is arranged on the conveyor belt 103.
For further optimization technical scheme, mixing pond 2 sets up the agitator, and the paddle of agitator is long arm structure, sets up the square plate on the paddle of agitator perpendicularly.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the top of the fermentation tank 3 is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet, the feed inlet is distributed in a multipoint distribution manner, the upstream of the feed inlet is communicated with a lift pump 201, and the air outlet is communicated with an air storage membrane 304; the bottom of the fermentation tank 3 is provided with a discharge port which is communicated with the feed inlet through a circulating mechanism, and the discharge port is communicated with a reflux mechanism.
For further optimizing the technical scheme, the circulating mechanism comprises a discharge pump 301 and a circulating pipeline 307, and a circulating liquid outlet is communicated with the feeding hole through the discharge pump 301 and the circulating pipeline 307.
For further optimization of the technical scheme, the backflow mechanism comprises a solid-liquid separator 303, a backflow pump 302, a first pipeline 305, a second pipeline 306 and a valve; the upper stream of the solid-liquid separator 303 is communicated with a discharge pump 301, the solid-liquid separator 303 is provided with a biogas slurry outlet and a biogas residue outlet, the biogas slurry outlet is communicated with the blending pool 2 through a reflux pump 302, a first pipeline 305 and a valve, and the biogas residue outlet is used for collecting biogas residues; the second pipeline 306 and the valve are communicated with the discharge pump 301 and the blending pool 2.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the solid-liquid separator is a spiral extrusion type solid-liquid separator.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, a crusher 101 is arranged at the upstream of the straw feeding mechanism 1.
Example 2
A straw anaerobic fermentation process adopts the straw anaerobic fermentation system disclosed in embodiment 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: firstly, crushing straws to 2-10 cm in length by a crusher, placing the crushed straws in a ventilation drying place for drying treatment, then conveying the straws to a mixing tank at a constant speed by a straw feeding mechanism, mixing and batching the straws and biogas slurry generated after fermentation, and controlling the feeding speed of the straw feeding mechanism and the discharging speed of the mixing tank to enable the dry matter content in the obtained mixture to be 8-10%;
(2) feeding: the mixed materials in the mixing tank are fed to a feeding hole in the top of the fermentation tank through a lifting pump, and the feeding hole is switched according to the feeding condition, so that the aim of uniformly distributing the materials is fulfilled;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the materials entering the fermentation tank, a medium-temperature fermentation mode is adopted, the temperature of the materials in the anaerobic tank is set to be 38-42 ℃, and the materials at the bottom in the fermentation tank enter the fermentation tank from a feeding hole through a discharging pump in the initial fermentation stage;
(4) discharging: the fermented materials enter a solid-liquid separator through a discharge pump and a first pipeline for solid-liquid separation, the separated biogas slurry is conveyed to a blending tank through a reflux pump and the first pipeline for mixing and blending, biogas residue collection can be used for manufacturing organic fertilizers, and the generated biogas is stored into a gas storage membrane from a biogas outlet; or the fermented materials are directly conveyed to the blending pool through the discharge pump, the second pipeline and the valve.
The results obtained by comparing the straw anaerobic fermentation process disclosed in example 2 of the present invention with the conventional straw anaerobic fermentation process (in which a stirring apparatus is provided in an anaerobic fermentation tank) are shown below.
By adopting the straw anaerobic fermentation process disclosed in the embodiment 2 of the invention, a stirrer is not required to be installed, and the daily produced biogas is 6000m3) And the phenomenon of difficult feeding and discharging of the straws does not occur; the traditional straw anaerobic fermentation process is adopted on the same scale, a stirrer needs to be installed in an anaerobic tank, the installed power of the stirrer is more than or equal to 60KW, and the straw obtained after pretreatment is required to be shorter, so that the crushing energy consumption is at least 50% higher. Therefore, the anaerobic fermentation system and the anaerobic fermentation process disclosed by the invention have the advantages that the energy consumption is obviously reduced, the operation is simple, the personnel demand can be reduced by at least 3 persons, and the project investment and the operation cost are greatly reduced by the factors.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The straw anaerobic fermentation system is characterized by comprising a straw feeding mechanism (1), a mixed feeding mechanism, a fermentation tank (3), a circulating mechanism, an air storage membrane (304) and a backflow mechanism;
the straw feeding mechanism is used for conveying crushed straws to the mixing feeding mechanism, and the downstream of the straw feeding mechanism is communicated with the mixing feeding mechanism;
the mixing and feeding mechanism comprises a mixing tank (2) and a lifting pump (201), wherein the mixing tank (2) is used for mixing straws with the reflowed biogas slurry; the downstream of the blending pool (2) is communicated with the fermentation tank (3) through the lifting pump (201);
the fermentation tank (3) is connected with a circulating mechanism to enable bottom materials of the fermentation tank (3) to circularly enter the fermentation tank (3) from the top of the fermentation tank (3), the fermentation tank (3) is communicated with the gas storage membrane (304), the fermentation tank (3) is communicated with the backflow mechanism, and the backflow mechanism is communicated with the mixed feeding mechanism, so that fermented biogas slurry can be conveyed to the mixed feeding mechanism for recycling.
2. The straw anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the straw feeding mechanism comprises a feeding box (102), a conveyor belt (103) and a belt scale (104), a material hopper is arranged outside the feeding box (102), and a variable-frequency speed-regulating scraper is arranged inside the feeding box (102);
the conveying belt (103) is used for quantitatively conveying crushed straws to the blending pool (2), and the downstream of the conveying belt (103) is communicated with the blending pool (2);
the belt weigher (104) is used for metering the feeding amount of straws, and the belt weigher (104) is arranged on the conveyor belt (103).
3. The straw anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the blending tank (2), blades of the stirrer are of a long-arm structure, and square plates are vertically arranged on the blades of the stirrer.
4. The straw anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 1, characterized in that a feed inlet and an air outlet are arranged at the top of the fermentation tank (3), the feed inlet is distributed in a multi-point distribution manner, the feed inlet is communicated with the lift pump (201) at the upstream, and the air outlet is communicated with the air storage membrane (304); the bottom of the fermentation tank (3) is provided with a discharge hole, the discharge hole is communicated with the feed inlet through the circulating mechanism, and the discharge hole is communicated with the reflux mechanism.
5. The straw anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 3, wherein the circulation mechanism comprises a discharge pump (301), a circulation pipeline (307) and a valve, and the discharge port is communicated with the feed port through the discharge pump (301), the circulation pipeline (307) and the valve.
6. The straw anaerobic fermentation system according to claim 4, wherein the backflow mechanism comprises a solid-liquid separator (303), a backflow pump (302), a first pipeline (305), a second pipeline (306) and a valve; the upper stream of the solid-liquid separator (303) is communicated with the discharge pump (301), the solid-liquid separator (303) is provided with a biogas slurry outlet and a biogas residue outlet, the biogas slurry outlet is communicated with the blending pool (2) through the reflux pump (302), a first pipeline (305) and a valve, and the biogas residue outlet is used for collecting biogas residues; the second pipeline (306) and the valve are communicated with the discharge pump (301) and the blending pool (2).
7. The straw anaerobic fermentation system of claim 6, wherein the solid-liquid separator is a screw extrusion type solid-liquid separator.
8. The straw anaerobic fermentation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a crusher (101) is arranged upstream of the straw feeding mechanism (1).
9. An anaerobic fermentation process for straws, which is characterized in that the anaerobic fermentation system for straws as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, and the anaerobic fermentation process specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: firstly, crushing and drying straws in a crusher, then conveying the straws to a mixing tank at a constant speed through a straw feeding mechanism, mixing the straws with biogas slurry generated after fermentation, and controlling the feeding speed of the straw feeding mechanism and the discharging speed of the mixing tank to ensure that the dry matter content in the obtained mixture is 8-10%;
(2) feeding: the mixed materials in the mixing tank are fed to a feeding hole in the top of the fermentation tank through a lifting pump, and the feeding hole is switched according to the feeding condition, so that the aim of uniformly distributing the materials is fulfilled;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the materials entering the fermentation tank, a medium-temperature fermentation mode is adopted, the temperature of the materials in the anaerobic tank is set to be 38-42 ℃, and the materials at the bottom in the fermentation tank enter the fermentation tank from a feed inlet through a discharge pump in the initial fermentation stage;
(4) discharging: the fermented materials enter a solid-liquid separator through a discharge pump and a first pipeline (305) for solid-liquid separation, the separated biogas slurry is conveyed to a blending tank through a reflux pump and the first pipeline (305) for mixing and blending, biogas residue collection can be used for manufacturing organic fertilizers, and the generated biogas is stored into a gas storage membrane from a biogas outlet; or the fermented materials are directly conveyed to the blending pool through a discharge pump, a second pipeline (306) and a valve.
10. The straw anaerobic fermentation process according to claim 9, wherein the straw in step (1) is crushed to a length of 2 cm-10 cm, and the crushed straw is placed in a ventilated and dry place for standby.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111925918A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-13 | 河南科技大学 | Fermentation device and fermentation management method for straw biogas engineering |
CN112266851A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-26 | 浙江天地环保科技股份有限公司 | Efficient heat recycling system and method for coupling biogas engineering and biogas slurry thermal hydrolysis engineering |
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2019
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CN113969235A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-25 | 北京时代桃源环境科技股份有限公司 | Efficient device for preparing biogas through straw anaerobic fermentation and preparation method thereof |
CN111925918A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-13 | 河南科技大学 | Fermentation device and fermentation management method for straw biogas engineering |
CN111925918B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2023-09-19 | 河南科技大学 | Fermentation device and fermentation management method for straw biogas engineering |
CN112322462A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-05 | 许显国 | Vortex type biogas and biogas fertilizer production system |
CN112266851A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-26 | 浙江天地环保科技股份有限公司 | Efficient heat recycling system and method for coupling biogas engineering and biogas slurry thermal hydrolysis engineering |
CN113150952A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 明硕环境科技集团股份有限公司 | Dry straw feeding device |
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