CN111651539A - Method for realizing quick updating of plane map elements by using close-range remote sensing technology - Google Patents
Method for realizing quick updating of plane map elements by using close-range remote sensing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing quick updating of plane map elements by using a close-range remote sensing technology. The method is based on original data, takes local updating of a plane map as a target, utilizes a close-range remote sensing technology represented by an unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology and a ground photogrammetry technology to acquire image information of a target area, determines at least one obvious characteristic point and ensures that the characteristic point is clearly imaged in an image; then, calculating the relative position relation between the feature point and the target point through the single image information and the auxiliary feature information, and further determining the positions of the target point and the target object; then, updating a target object element in a target area on the plane map, and adding corresponding attribute information; and finally, taking the updated map as a reference, verifying the accuracy of the updated elements in a field-adjustment drawing mode, and finishing the updating of the planar map.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plane map element updating and supplementary survey and supplementary drawing, in particular to a method for realizing rapid updating of plane map elements by using a close-range remote sensing technology.
Technical Field
The map updating is to modify the elements added, deleted or changed in the real state on the basis of expressing the original state of the shown area so as to ensure the real-time property, accuracy and correctness of the map expression. With the continuous progress of society and the rapid development of economy, updating planar maps, common geographic maps and thematic maps with various scales is a very important work. The planar map is an important component of the map field, and generally, the updating concept mainly includes a comprehensive updating and a local updating. In terms of technical requirements, large maps are generally required to be updated every 10 years, and the updating period of various small thematic maps is also long. It is known that the shorter the period of map update, the more current it is, and the higher the corresponding map value. Therefore, the planar map can be updated comprehensively with the best effect, but the updating cost is high, the workload is large, the period is long, and the local updating mode serving as more targeted updating gradually becomes the idea adopted in the map updating field.
The traditional map updating technology mainly adopts classical mapping means such as total station mapping and the like, and although the mapping mode of point measurement is high in measurement accuracy, the overall mapping efficiency is low, and the labor input cost is high; later, the development of the remote sensing technology brings a new means for large-area mapping, the mapping efficiency of the remote sensing technology is high, the field labor cost is basically liberated, but the current high-resolution satellite remote sensing image is expensive, the problem solving capability of the medium-low resolution remote sensing image is limited, and a certain problem still exists in practical application; the close-range remote sensing technology represented by unmanned aerial vehicles and ground photogrammetry gradually becomes effective force for supplementing the satellite remote sensing technology, the close-range remote sensing technology has high mapping efficiency and mapping precision, and the manual investment is low, so that the method is a good mapping means; in addition, although the high and new technical means represented by the three-dimensional laser radar can better solve the mapping problem, the mapping precision is high, the visualization effect is good, but technical bottleneck problems of mass data redundancy, point cloud classification and the like still exist at the present stage, and the high and new technical means are not well applied to the actual mapping work.
Up to now, whether the way of updating the plane map is a global updating way or a local updating way, the way of updating the plane map is always biased to adopt the traditional mapping technology, some high-precision informatization technologies are still in the laboratory stage and are not popularized, so that the practical operation of updating the plane map still has great defects and limitations:
(1) the traditional surveying and mapping means is mainly used, the overall measuring efficiency is low, and the updating period is long;
(2) in order to match with the original map, a large amount of redundant information needs to be measured, data redundancy exists, and internal and external work workload is large;
(3) the existing surveying and mapping means has higher requirement on professional literacy of operators and higher operation difficulty.
Therefore, in view of the technical means adopted at present, the map updating effect still has many disadvantages, and is difficult to meet the requirement of city rapid development on map updating efficiency, and a technical means capable of realizing rapid, efficient and real-time updating of a plane map is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize quick and efficient updating of plane map elements and avoid the defects and limitations existing in the actual mapping work at the present stage, the invention fully utilizes the advantages of a close-range remote sensing technology and provides a method for realizing quick updating of plane map elements by utilizing the close-range remote sensing technology.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for realizing quick update of plane map elements by using a close-range remote sensing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acquiring image information of a target area by using a close-range remote sensing technology, wherein main updated map elements comprise target points such as well covers, telegraph poles, solitary trees and the like and target objects such as houses, buildings, large-scale sculptures and the like, the close-range remote sensing technology mainly comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology and a ground photogrammetry technology, at least one obvious characteristic point needs to be determined in each image, and the characteristic points are ensured to be imaged clearly in the images;
(2) according to different observation conditions and mapping requirements, selecting to adopt an unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology or a ground photogrammetry technology, and resolving the relative position relationship between the feature point and the target point by resolving auxiliary information aiming at the target area so as to determine the positions of the target point and the target object;
(3) updating target object elements in a target area on a plane map according to the drawing scale and the point position relation of the original map, and adding corresponding attribute information;
(4) and (4) verifying the accuracy of the updating elements in the map by taking the updating plane map as a reference and in a field-adjusted drawing mode, and finishing the updating of the plane map.
Compared with the existing plane map updating method, the plane map updating method has the following advantages:
(1) as a powerful supplement to the existing plane map updating technology, a borrowed thought is provided from the aspect of close-range efficient mapping on the basis of the existing classical mapping and information observation modes;
(2) the method is suitable for the requirement of efficiently updating the map in local mapping, the mapping involves less information and small data volume, the existing data information can be fully utilized, resources can be greatly saved, and the mapping efficiency is improved;
(3) no matter be unmanned aerial vehicle mapping mode or ground digital camera mapping mode, all adopt the mode that the sola image was solved, the mapping principle is simple, and the mapping process degree of difficulty is less, requires lowly to operation personnel's specialty.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a technical flowchart of a method for rapidly updating plane map elements by using a close-range remote sensing technology.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a plane mapping mode of the unmanned aerial vehicle close-range remote sensing technology, wherein P represents a target object.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ground close-range remote sensing technology in a plan view mode, wherein P represents a target object.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of plane map element solution in the unmanned aerial vehicle close-range remote sensing technology, where M represents a flight card meeting solution requirements, A, B represents a feature point in a target area, P represents a target object/point, and a and b represent pixel lengths from a target point P to two auxiliary line vertical segments, respectively.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the element solution of a ground near-field remote sensing technology plane map, wherein P generationObjects/points of the table, A1、B1And A2、B2Both represent the characteristic point in the target area, a and b represent the pixel length from the target point P to the auxiliary line vertical segment at different observation angles, x1And x2Respectively, represent assist feature lengths around the target point P and satisfying the requirements.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
The technical method for realizing the quick updating of the plane map elements by using the close-range remote sensing technology has stronger foundation in theory and stronger feasibility in practical operation, and is a mapping mode which reasonably combines the unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology and the ground photogrammetry technology. The technology is powerful supplement to the existing plane map updating technology system, is improvement and innovation of the prior art, and provides an efficient and convenient plane map element updating idea and technical means.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for implementing quick update of plane map elements by using a close-range remote sensing technology, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, obtaining image information of a target area by using a close-range remote sensing technology, wherein the close-range remote sensing technology mainly comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology and a ground photogrammetry technology, and at least one obvious characteristic point needs to be determined in each image to ensure that the characteristic points are clearly imaged in the image;
step S2, selecting an unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology according to observation conditions and mapping requirements of the area to be measured, acquiring a target image by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle orthophoto photography, and resolving the relative position relation between the characteristic points and the target point by resolving auxiliary information aiming at the target area so as to determine the positions of the target point and the target object;
step S3, according to the observation condition and the mapping requirement of the region to be measured, selecting and adopting a ground photogrammetry technology, acquiring a target image by using a ground photogrammetry cross bidirectional single-chip photography mode, and resolving the relative position relation between the feature point and the target point by resolving the auxiliary information aiming at the target region so as to determine the positions of the target point and the target object;
step S4, updating target object elements in a target area on the plane map according to the drawing scale and the point position relation of the original map, and adding corresponding map element attribute information;
and step S5, verifying and confirming the accuracy of the updating elements in the map by taking the updating plane map as a reference in a field-calling mode, and finishing the updating of the plane map.
In this embodiment, the planar map elements mainly include target points such as manhole covers, telegraph poles, and solitary trees, and targets such as houses, buildings, and large sculptures, and the feature points mainly refer to feature points that can be seen clearly at different angles and are easily distinguished.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for implementing fast update of plane map elements by using the unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology in step S2 includes the following steps:
step S21, after the area to be updated is selected, the image of the target area is collected by utilizing the upright photography mode of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the imaging scale of the photography measurement of the unmanned aerial vehicle is determinedl；
Step S22, determining an added or deleted target object or target point P by taking an original map as a reference, and selecting an image M which is clear in imaging and complete in target object as a research object, wherein the vicinity of the target object in the image has a feature or a feature point with obvious features;
step S23, as shown in fig. 4, selecting feature points a and B, making vertical lines in the direction of the line AB and the vertical line thereof with the point P passing through, and measuring pixel lengths a and B of the vertical line segment, respectively, with the unit being pixel;
step S24, according to the imaging scalelCalculating the actual distance corresponding to the pixel lengths a and b, and then converting the length a on the plane map corresponding to the pixel lengths a and b according to the scale of the original map0、b0；
Step S25, using the characteristic points A and B on the original map as reference, according to a0、b0And determining the position of the target point P, and adding the attribute information of the point P to complete the updating of the planar map.
In this embodiment, a method for rapidly updating plane map elements by using an unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology is characterized in that an effective imaging scale l of an unmanned aerial vehicle image is optimally 1: 500.
as shown in fig. 3, the method for implementing fast update of plane map elements by using the terrestrial photogrammetry technology mentioned in step S3 includes the steps of:
step S31, after selecting the area to be updated, collecting the images of the target area from two different angles which are approximately vertical by using a ground photogrammetry mode, wherein feature points and target points of the ground object can be completely imaged in the images;
step S32, as shown in fig. 5, selecting a proper shooting angle 1 to ensure the target point P and the feature point a of the ground feature1Is connected with the feature point A of the ground feature1、B1The connecting lines are mutually vertical to obtain a target image shot at an angle 1;
step S33, measure the area around the target point P and PA1The feature length on the same vertical plane, such as the width of the object at target point P, is modeled using a mathematical model ①
Wherein, in the step (A),
the true value of the characteristic length is represented,
to represent
The value of the corresponding pixel is determined,
representing the target point P to the feature point A1、B1The shortest distance of the connecting line of (a),
to represent
Corresponding pixel value, obtaining
；
Step S34, similarly, selecting a second proper shooting angle 2, repeating the steps (2) - (3), and using the mathematical model ②
Wherein, in the step (A),
the true value of the characteristic length is represented,
to represent
The value of the corresponding pixel is determined,
representing the target point P to the feature point A2、B2The shortest distance of the connecting line of (a),
to represent
Corresponding pixel value, obtaining
；
Step S35, according to the obtained distance value
、
Converting the a and b pairs by referring to the scale of the original mapLength a on the corresponding plan map0、b0；
Step S36, using the feature point A on the original map1And A2For reference, according to a0、b0And determining the position of the target point P, and adding the attribute information of the point P to complete the updating of the planar map.
In the embodiment, the method for realizing the quick update of the plane map elements by utilizing the terrestrial photogrammetry technology is characterized in that the effective shooting distance of the terrestrial photogrammetry is 2 to 20 meters, wherein the optimal shooting distance is 10 to 15 meters.
In this embodiment, after the geometric and attribute information of the plane map elements is updated by using the close-range remote sensing technology, the operator needs to investigate and draw on the spot based on the updated map, confirm or modify the map element information in real time, and finally complete the updating work of the original plane map.
Claims (7)
1. A method for realizing quick update of plane map elements by using a close-range remote sensing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring image information of a target area by using a close-range remote sensing technology, wherein the close-range remote sensing technology mainly comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology and a ground photogrammetry technology, and at least one obvious characteristic point is determined to ensure that the characteristic point is clearly imaged in an image; then, resolving the relative position relationship between the feature points and the target points through auxiliary information, and further determining the positions of the target points and the target object; then, updating a target object element in a target area on the plane map, and adding corresponding attribute information; and finally, taking the updated map as a reference, verifying the accuracy of the updated elements in a field-adjustment drawing mode, and finishing the updating of the planar map.
2. The method for realizing rapid updating of plane map elements by using the close-range remote sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plane map elements mainly comprise target points such as well covers, telegraph poles and solitary trees and target objects such as houses, buildings and large-scale sculptures, and the characteristic points mainly refer to feature points which can be seen clearly at different angles and are easy to distinguish.
3. The method for rapidly updating the plane map elements by using the close-range remote sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for rapidly updating the plane map elements by using the unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology comprises the following steps: (1) after the area to be updated is selected, acquiring the image of the target area by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle orthoscopic photography mode, and determining an imaging scale of unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetryl(ii) a (2) Determining an added or deleted target object or a target point P by taking an original map as a reference, and selecting an image M which is clear in imaging and complete in target object as a research object, wherein a ground object or a feature point with obvious features is arranged near the target object in the image; (3) selecting characteristic points A and B, making vertical lines in the directions of the AB connecting line and the vertical line thereof by passing through the point P, and respectively measuring the pixel lengths a and B of the vertical line segment, wherein the unit is pixel; (4) according to the imaging scalelCalculating the actual distance corresponding to the pixel lengths a and b, and then converting the length a on the plane map corresponding to the pixel lengths a and b according to the scale of the original map0、b0(ii) a (5) Taking the characteristic points A and B on the original map as reference according to a0、b0And determining the position of the target point P, and adding the attribute information of the point P to complete the updating of the planar map.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the effective imaging scale of the UAV image is proportional to the plane map elementslThe optimal ratio is 1: 500.
5. the method for realizing rapid updating of plane map elements by using the close-range remote sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for realizing rapid updating of plane map elements by using the terrestrial photogrammetry technology comprises: (1) after the area to be updated is selected, acquiring images of the target area from two approximately vertical different angles by using a ground photogrammetry mode, wherein feature points and target points of the ground objects can be completely imaged in the images; (2) selecting proper shooting angle 1 to ensure targetPoint P and feature point A1Is connected with the feature point A of the ground feature1、B1The connecting lines are mutually vertical to obtain a target image shot at an angle 1; (3) measuring the target point P around and with PA1The feature length on the same vertical plane, such as the width of the object at target point P, is modeled using a mathematical model ①
Wherein, in the step (A),
the true value of the characteristic length is represented,
to represent
The value of the corresponding pixel is determined,
representing the target point P to the feature point A1、B1The shortest distance of the connecting line of (a),
to represent
Corresponding pixel value, obtaining
And (4) similarly, selecting a second proper shooting angle 2, repeating the steps (2) to (3) and utilizing the mathematical model ②
Wherein, in the step (A),
indicating feature length trueThe real value of the signal is as follows,
to represent
The value of the corresponding pixel is determined,
representing the target point P to the feature point A2、B2The shortest distance of the connecting line of (a),
to represent
Corresponding pixel value, obtaining
(ii) a (5) According to the obtained distance value
、
The length a on the plane map corresponding to a and b is converted by referring to the scale of the original map0、b0(ii) a (6) Using the characteristic point A on the original map1And A2For reference, according to a0、b0And determining the position of the target point P, and adding the attribute information of the point P to complete the updating of the planar map.
6. The method for rapidly updating the plane map element by using the terrestrial photogrammetry technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the terrestrial photogrammetry has an effective shooting distance of 2 to 20 meters, and wherein the optimal shooting distance is 10 to 15 meters.
7. The method for realizing rapid updating of plane map elements by using the close-range remote sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the geometric and attribute information of the plane map elements is updated by using the close-range remote sensing technology, an operator needs to investigate and draw on the spot based on the updated map, confirm or modify the map element information in real time, and finally complete the updating work of the original plane map.
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