CN111649047A - Optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111649047A CN111649047A CN202010421567.1A CN202010421567A CN111649047A CN 111649047 A CN111649047 A CN 111649047A CN 202010421567 A CN202010421567 A CN 202010421567A CN 111649047 A CN111649047 A CN 111649047A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
- F16B35/02—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws divided longitudinally
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B41/00—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
- F16B41/002—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts or pins
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/245—Removing protective coverings of light guides before coupling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature and a preparation method thereof. The optical fiber and the bolt body are fixed in a metallized packaging and thread turning mode, the mode is simple and stable, adhesion is not used, the metallized packaging defect is eliminated through an annealing process, and the stability is improved. The extension part adopts a metalized coating layer optical fiber, and the body part of the matched bolt can be integrally used at high temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent bolts, relates to an intelligent bolt based on an optical fiber Bragg grating sensing principle, and particularly relates to an optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The bolt is widely applied to the connection of various detachable components and is widely used in the industries of machinery, traffic, electric power, aerospace, civil engineering, chemical engineering and the like. With the continuous and complete electric power of a road network, the industrial connection puts higher requirements on the bolt, and the intelligent bolt is a device capable of intelligently detecting the bolt looseness. Whether the bolt of intelligent detection apparatus fastens can reduce because the bolt is not hard up potential safety hazard and the loss of property that brings. At present, a large number of intelligent bolts are put into use. With the development of intelligent bolts, the industry needs intelligent bolts to be used at higher temperature, and especially, the intelligent bolts have a great amount of demands in the fields of aerospace, petroleum and the like.
The intelligent bolt is generally divided into an electric signal type and an optical fiber type, and the optical fiber type intelligent bolt gradually becomes the mainstream of the intelligent bolt due to the portability, the low cost and the strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability. The key of the intelligent bolt assembly of optical fibers is the combination of the optical fibers and the bolt body, and the optical fibers are fragile and easy to damage, so that structures such as metal shells are sleeved outside the optical fibers, holes are formed in the bolt rod, and the sensing elements are bonded in the bolt holes through viscose glue. Although the fixation of the optical fiber is solved, the glue is difficult to inject into the deep hole, the solidification is slow after the glue injection, and the glue is prevented from directly contacting the optical fiber, so that the operation is difficult. The non-uniform adhesive is easy to generate grating chirp in long-term use, the sensing lag is easy to generate when the adhesive layer is thick, and the application of the intelligent bolt at high temperature is limited because the organic adhesive is generally not resistant to high temperature (generally, the organic adhesive does not exceed 300 ℃).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that the traditional optical fiber grating type intelligent bolt cannot be used at high temperature due to the fact that the bolt body is fixed by gluing, and can carry out bolt pre-tightening detection and real-time bolt tightness monitoring at the high temperature of 600 ℃.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature comprises a high temperature resistant optical fiber grating, a metalized package, an optical fiber, a metal coating layer optical fiber, a high temperature resistant glue, a bolt body and a metal pipe;
high temperature resistant fiber grating has been carved with in the optic fibre of coating layer part is got rid of to the optic fibre lower part, the high temperature resistant fiber grating outside is provided with the metallization encapsulation, and the metallization encapsulation outside sets up the external screw thread, is provided with the blind hole on the bolt body, the blind hole lower part be provided with external screw thread complex internal thread, the tail fiber and the butt fusion of metal coating layer optic fibre that optic fibre upper portion was reserved, the butt fusion point of tail fiber and metal coating layer optic fibre adopts the tubular metal resonator encapsulation that matches with the blind hole aperture, and it has gluey to fill between high temperature resistant fiber of metal coating.
Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant fiber grating is a Type I or II laser etched by an ultrashort femtosecond pulse laser, or is a regenerated grating etched by a long pulse laser, and the regenerated grating comprises a Type IIA and a thermal regeneration.
Further, the reinforcing metal adopted by the metalized package is nickel, zinc, copper or gold.
Further, the metal-coated optical fiber is a copper-coated optical fiber or a gold-coated optical fiber.
Further, the metal pipe is a nickel pipe or a 304 stainless steel pipe.
A preparation method of an optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: utilizing laser to write high-temperature-resistant fiber gratings in the optical fiber with the coating layer removed part of the optical fiber;
step two: stripping coating layers with required lengths from two sides of a grating area of the high-temperature-resistant fiber grating, cleaning the area after the coating layers are stripped, and after the area is dried, carrying out chemical plating on the area to generate a uniform and compact metal thin layer for electroplating;
step three: straightening the area where the metal thin layer is generated, fully soaking the area in an electroplating reaction tank, continuously electroplating and thickening the area to the required thickness to form the metalized package of the fiber bragg grating, turning an external thread on the metalized package, and finally assembling and screwing the metalized package and the bolt body to the bottom;
step four: and welding the reserved tail fiber of the high-temperature-resistant fiber bragg grating with the metal coating layer optical fiber, sleeving the welding point with a metal pipe, and filling a gap between the metal coating layer optical fiber and the metal pipe with high-temperature-resistant adhesive.
Further, still include:
step five: the optical fiber intelligent bolt is firstly kept at 250 ℃ for more than 12 hours for hydrogen embrittlement removal, then kept at 600 ℃ for 6 hours, and then the cooling speed is controlled, and the temperature is reduced by 100 ℃ every 40min for thermal annealing;
step six: and after annealing to room temperature, collecting a temperature-wavelength relation dependence curve, and calibrating standard wavelengths at different temperatures.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, the high-temperature-resistant fiber bragg grating is reinforced in a metallization packaging mode, and is fixed with the bolt body through the external threads of the bolt, the tail optical fiber is welded with the metal coating optical fiber, and then a tubular packaging protection welding point matched with the aperture of the bolt body is adopted; has the advantages that: (1) the metalized package is a package mode for protecting the fiber bragg grating, and the package mode is high in hardness and strong in shearing resistance. Through the threading on above, with this body coupling of bolt, firm in connection, easy operation, it is with low costs, replaced traditional bar-shaped structure, also avoided the use of viscose and the various defects that the viscose leads to. The metalized package is commonly used for packaging the fiber bragg grating, the fiber element can be fixedly protected with the shell through welding, the metalized package prepared by adopting a chemical plating-electroplating method is high in hardness, low in cost, simple in method and capable of being made thick properly, and a space is reserved for threading on the metalized package. In addition, the method eliminates the defects of uneven stress and the like in the chemical plating-electroplating method metallization packaging through the annealing of the system, so that the bolt is durable for a long time, and can be screwed on the upper surface to realize the threaded connection with the bolt body. (2) The non-gluing connection breaks through the high-temperature limitation of the intelligent bolt caused by gluing. Meanwhile, the surface of the optical fiber is covered by metal, and parameters such as thermal expansion coefficient and the like are close to those of the bolt body, so that the optical fiber is more stable in large-range temperature change. Through plating metal and turning threads on type II fiber bragg grating, the integral service temperature of the intelligent bolt can reach 600 ℃ after the tail optical fiber and the metal coating layer optical fiber are welded. If the metal coating optical fiber at the tail part is not considered, the bolt body theory can be used for a long time at 1000 ℃.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the intelligent bolt.
The optical fiber cable comprises 1-high temperature resistant fiber grating, 2-metalized package, 3-optical fiber, 4-metal coating optical fiber, 5-high temperature resistant glue, 6-bolt body and 7-metal tube.
FIG. 2 shows the 200 ℃ center wavelength stability when the smart bolt is relaxed.
FIG. 3 shows the center wavelength stability at 600 ℃ when the smart bolt is relaxed.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below:
referring to fig. 1, an optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature includes a high temperature resistant fiber grating 1, a metallization package 2, an optical fiber 3, a metal coating layer optical fiber 4, a high temperature resistant glue 5, a bolt body 6 and a metal pipe 7, the high temperature resistant fiber grating 1 is reinforced by the metallization package mode and fixed with the bolt body 6 through external threads, a tail optical fiber is welded with the metal coating layer optical fiber 4, a tubular package protection welding point matched with the aperture of the bolt body 6 is adopted, the used high temperature resistant fiber grating 1 is a Type I and a Type II engraved by an ultrashort femtosecond pulse laser or a regenerated grating engraved by a long pulse laser, the regenerated grating includes a Type IIA and a thermal regeneration, the reinforcement mode of the high temperature resistant fiber grating 1 adopts a fiber metallization mode, and the reinforcement metal includes but is not limited to nickel, zinc, Copper, gold and the like, and the high-temperature resistant fiber grating 1 after being reinforced is fixed with the bolt body 6 in a non-gelling threaded connection mode.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
firstly, a femtosecond laser mode is adopted to write the high-temperature resistant fiber grating 1. And then metallizing the high-temperature-resistant fiber grating 1, firstly cleaning the cleaned bare grating, carrying out chemical silver plating on the surface after cleaning, generating a compact silver layer on the surface of the fiber grating through the chemical silver plating, and then electroplating the fiber grating to continuously thicken the metal coating on the surface of the fiber grating. After the thickness is increased to the required thickness, external threads are turned on the metalized part on the surface of the fiber bragg grating, and the internal threads matched with the internal wall of the intelligent bolt are turned on so that the intelligent bolt can be screwed and fixed finally. The tail fiber of the optical fiber 3 is welded with the metal coating layer optical fiber 4, the metal coating layer optical fiber has good temperature resistance and flexibility, the joint uses a metal pipe to protect a welding point, and the metal coating layer optical fiber 4 and the metal pipe 7 are filled and fixed by adopting high-temperature-resistant glue.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
1. and (3) writing the high-temperature-resistant fiber grating 1 in the optical fiber with the coating layer part removed from the optical fiber 3 by using laser. The optical fiber 3 may be a normal single mode optical fiber, or may be a bare optical fiber obtained by removing a coating layer of the metal-coated optical fiber 4, and if the optical fiber is the bare optical fiber, it is not necessary to fusion-splice the optical fiber 3 and the metal-coated optical fiber 4 in the following step 4. The high-temperature resistant fiber grating 1 engraved in the optical fiber can be a Type I Type and a Type II Type engraved by an ultrashort femtosecond pulse laser, and can also be a regenerated grating engraved by a long pulse laser, wherein the regenerated grating comprises a Type IIA Type and a thermal regeneration Type;
2. the coating layers with proper lengths are stripped on two sides of the high-temperature resistant fiber grating 1, the coating layers are sequentially soaked and washed by dilute nitric acid, distilled water, dilute sodium hydroxide and distilled water, and the area stripped of the coating layers is sequentially placed in acetone, alcohol and distilled water for ultrasonic cleaning for 15-20 minutes. And after the optical fiber is dried, placing the optical fiber in a prepared chemical reaction solution environment for full reaction. This step may produce an electroless plating in this region.
3. The area where the chemical coating is generated is straightened by utilizing a clamp and is fully soaked in an electroplating reaction tank, a metal rod of corresponding metal is matched in the reaction tank to be used as an anode, the chemical coating of the high-temperature resistant fiber grating 1 is used as a cathode, electroplating thickening is carried out to obtain metalized packaging 2, and the thickness can be increased to different thicknesses according to different bolt sizes and then taken out. And turning external threads on the metalized package 2, and finally assembling and screwing the bolt body and the optical fiber part by using the metalized package 2.
4. The optical fiber 3 connected with the high-temperature-resistant fiber grating 1 is welded with the metal coating layer optical fiber 4, the welding point is sleeved with the metal pipe 7, the high-temperature-resistant glue 5 is used for filling the gap between the metal coating layer optical fiber 4 and the metal pipe 7, and a vent hole is reserved to prevent the unstable bolt caused by the change of air pressure.
5. The optical fiber intelligent bolt is firstly kept at 250 ℃ for more than 12 hours for hydrogen embrittlement removal, then kept at 600 ℃ for 6 hours, and then cooled to 100 ℃ every 40min for thermal annealing, so that the bolt is prevented from being damaged due to stress in the cooling process, and the time can be properly increased according to different sizes of the bolt.
6. And after annealing to room temperature, collecting a temperature-wavelength relation dependence curve, and calibrating standard wavelengths at different temperatures. When the bolt is used, the bolt is screwed into the nut until the wavelength is increased, namely the bolt is screwed, when the temperature changes, the temperature is obtained through other temperature measuring equipment, the standard wavelength at the temperature is obtained through demodulation according to the temperature-wavelength relation, and if the current wavelength is larger than the standard wavelength, the bolt can be regarded as being screwed.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a high temperature resistant optical fiber grating is etched on a copper-coated optical fiber, and the high temperature resistant optical fiber grating is subjected to metallization packaging by using chemical silver plating and nickel electroplating methods, which are specifically as follows:
1. soaking a section of the copper-coated optical fiber in silver nitrate solution for about 15cm, removing the copper coating to obtain a bare optical fiber, and ultrasonically cleaning the bare optical fiber;
2. and (3) writing a high-temperature-resistant grating on the bare optical fiber without the copper coating layer by adopting a femtosecond laser mode.
3. The bare optical fiber is soaked and washed by dilute nitric acid, distilled water, dilute sodium hydroxide and distilled water in sequence, and then the bare optical fiber is placed in acetone, alcohol and distilled water in sequence to be ultrasonically cleaned. And after the optical fiber is dried, placing the optical fiber in a prepared silver mirror reaction solution environment for full reaction. This step produces a bright dense silver deposit in this area.
4. The silver coating of the bare optical fiber is straightened and soaked in a nickel electroplating reaction tank by utilizing a clamp, a section of connecting cathode is reserved on the liquid level, a section of nickel rod is inserted into the reaction tank to be connected with an anode, and the nickel rod is electroplated and thickened to form nickel metallized package. And turning external threads on the nickel metallized package, and finally assembling and screwing the bolt body and the optical fiber part by using the nickel metallized package.
5. The transition part of the bare fiber stripped from the copper-coated optical fiber is sleeved with a nickel tube and filled with high-temperature-resistant glue, and in the process of curing the high-temperature-resistant glue, a vent hole is reserved in a capillary glass tube to prevent damage caused by overlarge air pressure inside the bolt in a closed environment when the temperature rises.
6. The optical fiber intelligent bolt is firstly kept at 250 ℃ for more than 12 hours for hydrogen embrittlement removal, then kept at 600 ℃ for 6 hours, and then cooled to 100 ℃ every 40min for thermal annealing, so that the bolt is prevented from being damaged due to stress in the cooling process, and the time can be properly increased according to different sizes of the bolt.
7. And after annealing to room temperature, collecting a temperature-wavelength relation dependence curve, and calibrating standard wavelengths at different temperatures. When the bolt is used, the bolt is screwed into the nut until the wavelength is increased, namely the bolt is screwed, when the temperature changes, the temperature is obtained through other temperature measuring equipment, the standard wavelength at the temperature is obtained through demodulation according to the temperature-wavelength relation, and if the current wavelength is larger than the standard wavelength, the bolt can be regarded as being screwed.
The intelligent bolt assembled by the nickel metallized packaged fiber bragg grating with the central wavelength of 1550nm is subjected to temperature rise and fall tests at 200 ℃ and 600 ℃, and the wavelength stability at the temperature is observed stably at the temperature. Referring to fig. 2, in the multiple temperature rises of the temperature rise to 200 ℃, the corresponding wavelength at 200 ℃ is basically stable, and the error is less than 0.1nm, which is mainly caused by the temperature fluctuation of the high temperature furnace in the experiment, and the furnace temperature of the high temperature furnace is more stable at high temperature. As shown in FIG. 3, in the multiple temperature rise, the corresponding wavelength is basically stable at 600 ℃ with the error less than 0.03 nm.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a high temperature resistant optical fiber is etched on a gold-coated optical fiber, and a chemical nickel plating and copper electroplating method is used to perform a metallization package on the high temperature resistant optical fiber, which includes the following steps:
1. soaking a section of the gold coating optical fiber in aqua regia solution, wherein the soaking length is about 15cm, removing the gold coating to obtain a bare optical fiber, and ultrasonically cleaning the bare optical fiber;
2. and (3) writing a high-temperature-resistant grating on the bare optical fiber without the gold coating layer by adopting a femtosecond laser mode.
3. The bare optical fiber is soaked and washed by dilute nitric acid, distilled water, dilute sodium hydroxide and distilled water in sequence, and then the bare optical fiber is placed in acetone, alcohol and distilled water in sequence to be ultrasonically cleaned. And after the optical fiber is dried, coarsening and sensitizing the optical fiber, and then chemically plating nickel. This step produces a black, dense nickel coating in this region.
4. The nickel coating of the bare optical fiber is straightened and soaked in a copper electroplating reaction tank by utilizing a clamp, a section of connecting cathode is reserved on the liquid level, the anode is a copper rod, and electroplating thickening is carried out to obtain copper metallized packaging. And turning external threads on the copper metallized package, and finally assembling and screwing the bolt body and the optical fiber part by utilizing the copper metallized package.
5. The transition part of the bare fiber stripped from the gold coating layer fiber is sleeved with a steel tube and filled with high-temperature-resistant glue, and in the process of curing the high-temperature-resistant glue, a vent hole is reserved in a capillary glass tube to prevent damage caused by overlarge air pressure inside the bolt in a closed environment when the temperature rises.
6. The optical fiber intelligent bolt is firstly kept at 250 ℃ for more than 12 hours for hydrogen embrittlement removal, then kept at 600 ℃ for 6 hours, and then cooled to 100 ℃ every 40min for thermal annealing, so that the bolt is prevented from being damaged due to stress in the cooling process, and the time can be properly increased according to different sizes of the bolt.
7. And after annealing to room temperature, collecting a temperature-wavelength relation dependence curve, and calibrating standard wavelengths at different temperatures. When the bolt is used, the bolt is screwed into the nut until the wavelength is increased, namely the bolt is screwed, when the temperature changes, the temperature is obtained through other temperature measuring equipment, the standard wavelength at the temperature is obtained through demodulation according to the temperature-wavelength relation, and if the current wavelength is larger than the standard wavelength, the bolt can be regarded as being screwed.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a single-mode fiber is etched with a high-temperature-resistant grating, the grating is fusion-spliced with a copper-coated fiber, and the high-temperature-resistant fiber grating is metalized and packaged by using chemical silver plating and nickel electroplating methods, which are specifically as follows:
1. and ultrasonically cleaning the single-mode optical fiber, writing a high-temperature-resistant grating on the single-mode optical fiber in a femtosecond laser mode, and welding the single-mode optical fiber and the copper coating layer optical fiber.
2. The single-mode optical fiber is soaked and washed by dilute nitric acid, distilled water, dilute sodium hydroxide and distilled water in sequence, and then the bare optical fiber is placed in acetone, alcohol and distilled water in sequence to ultrasonically clean the optical fiber. And after the optical fiber is dried, coarsening and sensitizing the optical fiber, and then chemically plating nickel. This step produces a black, dense nickel coating in this region.
3. The nickel coating of the bare optical fiber is straightened and soaked in a zinc electroplating reaction tank by utilizing a clamp, a section of connecting cathode is reserved on the liquid level, the anode is a zinc rod, and electroplating thickening is carried out to obtain zinc metalized packaging. And turning external threads on the zinc metalized package, and finally assembling and screwing the bolt body and the optical fiber part by using the zinc metalized package.
4. And sleeving the welding part of the copper coating layer optical fiber and the bare optical fiber by using a steel pipe, and welding the coating layer of the copper coating layer optical fiber and the steel pipe.
5. The optical fiber intelligent bolt is firstly kept at 250 ℃ for more than 12 hours for hydrogen embrittlement removal, then kept at 600 ℃ for 6 hours, and then cooled to 100 ℃ every 40min for thermal annealing, so that the bolt is prevented from being damaged due to stress in the cooling process, and the time can be properly increased according to different sizes of the bolt.
6. And after annealing to room temperature, collecting a temperature-wavelength relation dependence curve, and calibrating standard wavelengths at different temperatures. When the bolt is used, the bolt is screwed into the nut until the wavelength is increased, namely the bolt is screwed, when the temperature changes, the temperature is obtained through other temperature measuring equipment, the standard wavelength at the temperature is obtained through demodulation according to the temperature-wavelength relation, and if the current wavelength is larger than the standard wavelength, the bolt can be regarded as being screwed.
Claims (7)
1. An optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature is characterized by comprising a high temperature resistant optical fiber grating (1), a metalized package (2), an optical fiber (3), a metal coating optical fiber (4), high temperature resistant glue (5), a bolt body (6) and a metal pipe (7);
write into in the optic fibre of coating layer part is got rid of to optic fibre (3) lower part, high temperature resistant fiber grating (1) is provided with metallization encapsulation (2) in high temperature resistant fiber grating (1) outside, and metallization encapsulation (2) outside sets up the external screw thread, is provided with the blind hole on bolt body (6), and the blind hole lower part is provided with the internal thread with external screw thread complex, and the tail optical fiber of reserving on optic fibre (3) upper portion welds with metal coating layer optic fibre (4), and the splice point adoption of tail optical fiber and metal coating layer optic fibre (4) is sealed with tubular metal resonator (7) that the blind hole aperture matches, and it has high temperature resistant glue (5) to fill between metal coating layer optic fibre (4) and tubular metal resonator (7.
2. The optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature resistant fiber grating (1) is Type I, Type II using ultra short femtosecond pulse laser writing, or a regeneration grating using long pulse laser writing, and the regeneration grating includes Type IIA and thermal regeneration.
3. The optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing metal adopted by the metalized package (2) is nickel, zinc, copper or gold.
4. The optical fiber smart bolt applicable to high temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal-coated optical fiber (4) is a copper-coated optical fiber or a gold-coated optical fiber.
5. The optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal pipe (7) is a nickel pipe or a 304 stainless steel pipe.
6. The preparation method of the optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for high temperature according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the high-temperature-resistant fiber grating (1) is inscribed in the optical fiber with the coating layer part removed from the optical fiber (3) by laser;
step two: stripping coating layers with required lengths from two sides of a grating area of the high-temperature-resistant fiber grating (1), cleaning the area after the coating layers are stripped, and after the area is dried, carrying out chemical plating on the area to generate a uniform and compact metal thin layer for electroplating;
step three: straightening the area where the metal thin layer is generated, fully soaking the area in an electroplating reaction tank, continuously electroplating the area to thicken the area to a required thickness to form a metalized package (2) of the fiber grating, turning an external thread on the metalized package, and finally assembling and screwing the metalized package and a bolt body (6) to the bottom;
step four: and (3) welding the reserved tail fiber of the high-temperature-resistant fiber bragg grating (1) with the metal coating layer fiber (4), sleeving a welding point with a metal pipe (7), and filling a gap between the metal coating layer fiber (4) and the metal pipe (7) with high-temperature-resistant adhesive (5).
7. The method for preparing the optical fiber intelligent bolt suitable for the high temperature according to claim 6, further comprising:
step five: the optical fiber intelligent bolt is firstly kept at 250 ℃ for more than 12 hours for hydrogen embrittlement removal, then kept at 600 ℃ for 6 hours, and then the cooling speed is controlled, and the temperature is reduced by 100 ℃ every 40min for thermal annealing;
step six: and after annealing to room temperature, collecting a temperature-wavelength relation dependence curve, and calibrating standard wavelengths at different temperatures.
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