CN111647211A - Insulation board and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Insulation board and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111647211A CN111647211A CN202010443751.6A CN202010443751A CN111647211A CN 111647211 A CN111647211 A CN 111647211A CN 202010443751 A CN202010443751 A CN 202010443751A CN 111647211 A CN111647211 A CN 111647211A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/06—Polystyrene
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/20—Recycled plastic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-insulation plate which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of straw fragments, 20-25% of inorganic heat-insulating particles and 45-60% of waste plastics; and the preparation method thereof is particularly limited. The invention also discloses a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, the straw fragments, the inorganic heat-insulation particles and the waste plastic are prepared into the heat-insulation board according to a specific proportion and a preparation process, the heat-insulation board only needs three raw materials, the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-insulation particles serve as filling and heat-insulation effects, the waste plastic also serves as a gelling agent besides the heat-insulation effect, and the prepared heat-insulation board has the advantages of light weight, good heat-insulation performance, high structural strength and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insulation boards, in particular to an insulation board prepared from straws, waste plastics and inorganic insulation particles, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Green buildings become important contents of ecological civilization construction in China. The target of the green building in China is vividly defined as 'four sections and one environment protection', namely energy conservation, water conservation, land conservation, material conservation and environmental protection. The energy conservation, the water conservation, the land conservation, the material conservation and the environmental protection are different and have emphasis and are mutually related. Wherein, the material saving contributes most to the environmental protection. The material saving requires that the building material not only has long service life, but also saves resources and reduces environmental pollution in the production process of the building material. The production of new materials and products from recycled waste as raw material is undoubtedly best suited to this requirement. In addition, building energy conservation begins with the application of high-efficiency thermal insulation materials. Therefore, the selection and use of building materials are made taking into account, on the one hand, the thermal insulation properties of the material itself and, on the other hand, the sustainability, the reproducibility of the material production process and the environmental pollution. In conclusion, the development of green building materials and products by using wastes has become the demand of the era of green buildings.
China is a big agricultural country. The crop straw is a byproduct of agricultural production, mainly comprises rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, hemp straw, cotton straw and the like, has large yield and wide distribution, and is one of the most abundant substances in the world. The straws are beneficial to use and harmful to discard. The conditions of straw resource burning and waste in China are always serious. Although the national environmental protection administration promulgates the management method of forbidding burning and comprehensive utilization of straws, the national environmental protection administration forbids burning straws near airports, railways, expressways and highway trunks of national roads and provincial roads in the Ministry of China. However, the straw burning is often prohibited, and the root cause is not the burning consciousness of farmers, but the way for recycling the straw can not be found. Therefore, the fundamental measures for solving the problems of straw waste and incineration are scientific researches taking the innovation of straw utilization technology as the core, open up a new resource utilization way and promote the improvement of straw utilization efficiency and benefits.
At present, the comprehensive utilization ways of straws are mainly four: firstly, straw is returned to the field to be used as fertilizer; secondly, preparing feed by technologies such as ammoniation, ensiling, fermentation and the like; thirdly, straw energy utilization, which mainly comprises straw direct-fired power generation, straw gasification centralized gas supply, straw fermentation biogas production, straw forming and briquetting into straw charcoal; and fourthly, the industrial application of the straws mainly comprises straw weaving products, straw manufacturing building materials, straw manufacturing dust covering agents and straw serving as edible fungus base materials.
The research of straw for building materials starts late, the research is less, the utilization rate is low and only accounts for about 1.3 percent, and the utilization mode and the method are mainly shown in the following aspects:
(1) pure straw products, such as straw grass bricks and straw boards. The straw grass brick is formed by pressing straws through a straw bundling machine and is generally rectangular. The straw board is an artificial board prepared by taking wheat straws and rice straws as raw materials and referring to the production process of a wooden shaving board and a medium-density fiberboard through improvement.
(2) The straw is used as a reinforcing material of the composite material to produce light building materials. Such as the manufacture of straw composite boards, the prefabrication of straw adobes and the like.
(3) The straw is used as a sandwich material to produce heat-insulating wall bricks and the like. Such as straw sandwich walls, straw road bricks, straw concrete blocks and the like.
The straw heat-insulating product has the defects of easy damage, large heat conductivity coefficient, poor heat-insulating effect and the like. The research and development work of the high-efficiency and energy-saving straw heat-insulating product is still far.
Meanwhile, with the increasing consumption of plastic products, the waste plastics are increasing, and become a main culprit for harming the environment and endangering the life health. The recycling of waste plastics is scheduled in the early days. The waste plastic recycling method mainly comprises four methods: primary recovery, mechanical recovery, chemical recovery and energy recovery. The primary recovery means that defective products, leftover materials and the like generated by plastic processing are directly recovered and used for manufacturing plastic products. Mechanical recycling is currently the most common method of treating waste plastics, and typically involves the steps of collection, sorting, washing, comminution and melt reprocessing. Chemical recovery refers to the process of chemical or thermal conversion of waste plastics into small-molecule hydrocarbons (such as gas, liquid oil or solid wax), and the obtained products can be used as fuel or chemical raw materials. The energy recovery is a method of obtaining electric energy and heat energy by incineration power generation and incineration heating, and the energy obtaining is accompanied with the generation of harmful gases. At present, physical means such as primary recycling, mechanical recycling and regeneration and the like have been applied in practice and are relatively mature; on the contrary, as a chemical means, modification regeneration, thermal decomposition, degradation and heat energy recovery are still in the process of continuous development.
The utilization of waste plastics to produce various building materials with heat insulation and preservation functions is undoubtedly an important way for recycling the waste plastics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an insulation board prepared from straws, waste plastics and inorganic insulation particles, and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the current straw insulation product is easy to damage, large in heat conductivity coefficient, poor in insulation effect and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the insulation board comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of straw fragments, 20-25% of inorganic heat-insulating particles and 45-60% of waste plastics;
and is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-insulating particles, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) crushing waste plastics, and then placing the crushed waste plastics into a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste plastics are completely molten;
(3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-preservation particles in the step (1) into the waste plastic melt in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a waste plastic straw inorganic heat-preservation particle mixture;
(4) and (4) pouring the mixture in the step (3) into a test mold according to a certain compaction coefficient, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board.
Furthermore, the raw material of the straw fragments is crop straw, including one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and sorghum straw.
Furthermore, the length of the straw fragments is 5mm-50mm, and the width of the straw fragments is 1mm-10 mm.
Further, the inorganic heat-insulating particles are one or more of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and ceramsite.
Further, the particle size of the inorganic heat-insulating particles is 1-10 mm.
Further, the waste plastic is one or more of waste polyethylene plastic, waste polystyrene plastic and waste polypropylene plastic.
Further, the heating temperature in the preparation step (2) is controlled at 150 ℃ and 170 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5-10 minutes.
Further, the compaction coefficient of the preparation step (4) is 1: 1.5-1: 2, the wheel pressure line load is 200-300N/cm.
The preparation method of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-insulating particles, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) crushing waste plastics, and then placing the crushed waste plastics into a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste plastics are completely molten;
(3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-preservation particles in the step (1) into the waste plastic melt in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a waste plastic straw inorganic heat-preservation particle mixture;
(4) and (4) pouring the mixture in the step (3) into a test mold according to a certain compaction coefficient, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board.
The heat insulation board is applied to building heat insulation materials, wherein the building heat insulation materials comprise sandwich boards of prefabricated concrete heat insulation wallboards, core filling materials of concrete heat insulation building blocks or building external wall heat insulation boards.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the straw fragments, the inorganic heat-insulation particles and the waste plastic are prepared into the heat-insulation board according to a specific proportion and a preparation process, the heat-insulation board only needs three raw materials, the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-insulation particles serve as filling and heat-insulation effects, the waste plastic also serves as a gelling agent besides the heat-insulation effect, and the prepared heat-insulation board has the advantages of light weight, good heat-insulation performance, high structural strength and the like.
2. The straw fragments, the inorganic heat-insulating particles and the waste plastics adopted by the invention have good heat-insulating property, and the heat-insulating plate prepared by compounding the straw fragments, the inorganic heat-insulating particles and the waste plastics has the characteristics of low heat conductivity coefficient, stable heat conductivity and the like.
3. The straw fragments and the inorganic heat-insulating particles adopted by the invention have small density, the adopted waste plastics have strong cohesiveness, and the heat-insulating plate prepared by compounding the waste plastics has the characteristics of light weight, high structural strength, difficult damage and the like.
4. The raw materials of the straw, the inorganic heat-preservation particles and the waste plastic are convenient to obtain, the recycling of the straw and the waste plastic is promoted, and the effects of changing waste into waste, changing waste into valuable and turning harm into benefit are achieved.
5. The invention recycles the straws, adopts the mode of direct crushing and direct adding to prepare the insulation board, has simple process and cost saving, and achieves the aims of energy saving and material saving.
6. The invention relates to a method for preparing a regenerated cellulose/cellulose composite material, which has the advantages of few types of materials, reproducibility, recoverability, convenient material acquisition, regeneration, cyclic utilization, green environmental protection and the like.
7. The heat insulation board has wide application range, can be used for a sandwich board of a prefabricated concrete heat insulation wallboard and a core filling material of a concrete heat insulation building block, and can also be used for a building external wall heat insulation board.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to examples. The following examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The insulation board comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of straw fragments, 20-25% of inorganic heat-insulating particles and 45-60% of waste plastics.
The straw fragments are made of crop straws which do not go mouldy, and are preferably annual crop straws including one or more of wheat straws, corn straws and sorghum straws. The straw chips are prepared by the following method: feeding the straws into a straw crusher, and obtaining straw fragments through high-speed shearing and patting. The length of the straw fragments is 5mm-50mm, and the width of the straw fragments is 1mm-10 mm.
The inorganic heat-insulating particles are one or more of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and ceramsite. The particle size of the inorganic heat-insulating particles is 1-10 mm.
The length of the straw fragments is 5mm-50mm, the width is 1mm-10mm, and the particle size of the inorganic heat-insulating particles is 1-10mm, so that the straw fragments are convenient to compact and form, and the heat-insulating plate is convenient to prepare; secondly, the fineness is small, the compactness is large, the heat conductivity coefficient is small, and the heat preservation effect is good.
The waste plastic is one or more of waste polyethylene plastic, waste polystyrene plastic and waste polypropylene plastic. The plastic can be the waste, old materials, leftover materials and the like of the plastic, and the plastic is not aged obviously.
The heat-insulation board is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-insulating particles, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) crushing waste plastics, and then placing the crushed waste plastics in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste plastics are completely molten, wherein the heating temperature is controlled to be 150 ℃ and 170 ℃, and the heating time is controlled to be 5-10 minutes;
(3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-preservation particles in the step (1) into the waste plastic melt in the step (2), starting a stirring device, stirring at the speed of 90-100r/min for 3-5 minutes, and uniformly stirring to obtain a waste plastic straw inorganic heat-preservation particle mixture;
(4) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (3) according to the proportion of 1: 1.5-1: and 2, pouring the compaction coefficient (the thickness after compaction is divided by the thickness before compaction) into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the heat-insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel rolling line is 200-300N/cm.
The heat insulation board is applied to building heat insulation materials, wherein the building heat insulation materials comprise sandwich boards of prefabricated concrete heat insulation wallboards, core filling materials of concrete heat insulation building blocks or building external wall heat insulation boards.
The density was tested in accordance with the following example GB/T6343-2009 determination of apparent density of foams and rubbers; the compressive strength is tested according to the national standard GB/T8813-; the thermal conductivity is tested according to the national standard GB/T10295-.
Example 1
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared from straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded perlite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 20 | 20 | 60 |
| Description of the traits | Wheat straw chips | 3-6mm closed-cell perlite | Waste polyethylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of wheat straw chips: the method comprises the steps of putting the annual wheat straw into a straw crusher through a feeding port, outputting the wheat straw from a material conveying pipeline through wind pressure under the actions of high-speed shearing and slapping, and screening to obtain wheat straw fragments. The length of the wheat straw fragments is 5mm-30mm, and the width of the wheat straw fragments is 1mm-5 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 3-6mm closed-cell perlite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polyethylene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polyethylene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the closed-cell perlite in the step (2) into the waste polyethylene melt in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polyethylene straw expanded perlite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 2, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.372 | 0.08431 | 2.4 |
Table 2 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 1 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength and the like.
Example 2
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared from straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 insulation board composition and ratio
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded perlite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 30 | 25 | 45 |
| Description of the traits | Wheat straw chips | 3-6mm closed-cell perlite | Waste polyethylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of wheat straw chips: the method comprises the steps of putting the annual wheat straw into a straw crusher through a feeding port, outputting the wheat straw from a material conveying pipeline through wind pressure under the actions of high-speed shearing and slapping, and screening to obtain wheat straw fragments. The length of the wheat straw fragments is 5mm-30mm, and the width of the wheat straw fragments is 1mm-5 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 3-6mm closed-cell perlite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polyethylene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polyethylene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the closed-cell perlite in the step (2) into the waste polyethylene melt in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polyethylene straw expanded perlite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 2, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.382 | 0.09422 | 1.8 |
Table 4 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 2 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength and the like.
Example 3
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared from straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded vermiculite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 20 | 20 | 60 |
| Description of the traits | Wheat straw chips | 1-2mm expanded vermiculite | Waste polyethylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of wheat straw chips: the method comprises the steps of putting the annual wheat straw into a straw crusher through a feeding port, outputting the wheat straw from a material conveying pipeline through wind pressure under the actions of high-speed shearing and slapping, and screening to obtain wheat straw fragments. The length of the wheat straw fragments is 5mm-30mm, and the width of the wheat straw fragments is 1mm-5 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 1-2mm expanded vermiculite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polyethylene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polyethylene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the expanded vermiculite in the step (2) into the waste polyethylene solution in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polyethylene straw expanded vermiculite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 2, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.531 | 0.07922 | 2.2 |
Table 6 shows that the insulation board prepared in the embodiment 3 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength and the like.
Example 4
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing the straw fragments, the inorganic insulation particles and the waste plastics are shown in the table 7.
TABLE 7 thermal insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded vermiculite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 30 | 25 | 45 |
| Description of the traits | Wheat straw chips | 1-2mm expanded vermiculite | Waste polyethylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of wheat straw chips: the method comprises the steps of putting the annual wheat straw into a straw crusher through a feeding port, outputting the wheat straw from a material conveying pipeline through wind pressure under the actions of high-speed shearing and slapping, and screening to obtain wheat straw fragments. The length of the wheat straw fragments is 5mm-30mm, and the width of the wheat straw fragments is 1mm-5 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 1-2mm expanded vermiculite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polyethylene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polyethylene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the expanded vermiculite in the step (2) into the waste polyethylene solution in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polyethylene straw expanded vermiculite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 2, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 Performance index of insulation board
Table 8 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 4 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Example 5
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in a table 9.
TABLE 9 thermal insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded perlite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 20 | 20 | 60 |
| Description of the traits | Corn stalk fragment | 3-6mm closed-cell perlite | Waste polyethylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing corn stalk fragments: the annual corn straws are put into a straw crusher from a feeding port, are output from a material conveying pipeline by wind pressure through high-speed shearing and slapping, and are screened to obtain corn straw fragments. The length of the corn stalk fragments is 5mm-40mm, and the width of the corn stalk fragments is 3mm-10 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 3-6mm closed-cell perlite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polyethylene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polyethylene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the closed-cell perlite in the step (2) into the waste polyethylene melt in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polyethylene straw expanded perlite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 1.5, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.453 | 0.0752 | 2.2 |
Table 10 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 5 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Example 6
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in a table 11.
Table 11 insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded perlite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 30 | 25 | 45 |
| Description of the traits | Corn stalk fragment | 3-6mm closed-cell perlite | Waste polyethylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing corn stalk fragments: the annual corn straws are put into a straw crusher from a feeding port, are output from a material conveying pipeline by wind pressure through high-speed shearing and slapping, and are screened to obtain corn straw fragments. The length of the corn stalk fragments is 5mm-40mm, and the width of the corn stalk fragments is 3mm-10 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 3-6mm closed-cell perlite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polyethylene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polyethylene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the closed-cell perlite in the step (2) into the waste polyethylene melt in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polyethylene straw expanded perlite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 1.5, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the heat-insulation plate, wherein the wheel pressing line load is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 12.
Table 12 performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.512 | 0.0685 | 2.0 |
Table 12 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 6 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Example 7
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in a table 13.
TABLE 13 thermal insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Ceramic particle | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 20 | 20 | 60 |
| Description of the traits | Wheat straw chips | 1-5mm ceramsite | Waste polyethylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of wheat straw chips: the method comprises the steps of putting the annual wheat straw into a straw crusher through a feeding port, outputting the wheat straw from a material conveying pipeline through wind pressure under the actions of high-speed shearing and slapping, and screening to obtain wheat straw fragments. The length of the wheat straw fragments is 5mm-30mm, and the width of the wheat straw fragments is 1mm-5 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 1-5mm ceramsite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polyethylene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polyethylene is completely melted, and the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃ and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the ceramsite in the step (2) into the waste polyethylene solution in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polyethylene straw ceramsite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 2, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and pressing and molding the mixture through a wheel roller to obtain the straw insulation board, wherein the load of the wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 14.
Table 14 performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.542 | 0.0915 | 2.8 |
Table 14 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 7 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Example 8
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in a table 15.
Table 15 insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Ceramic particle | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 30 | 25 | 45 |
| Description of the traits | Corn stalk fragment | 1-5mm ceramsite | Waste polyethylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing corn stalk fragments: the annual corn straws are put into a straw crusher from a feeding port, are output from a material conveying pipeline by wind pressure through high-speed shearing and slapping, and are screened to obtain corn straw fragments. The length of the corn stalk fragments is 5mm-40mm, and the width of the corn stalk fragments is 3mm-10 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 1-5mm ceramsite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polyethylene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polyethylene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the ceramsite in the step (2) into the waste polyethylene solution in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polyethylene straw ceramsite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 1.5, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 16.
TABLE 16 Performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.528 | 0.0859 | 2.6 |
Table 16 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 8 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Example 9
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in a table 17.
Table 17 insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded perlite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 20 | 20 | 60 |
| Description of the traits | Wheat straw chips | 3-6mm closed-cell perlite | Waste polypropylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of wheat straw chips: the method comprises the steps of putting the annual wheat straw into a straw crusher through a feeding port, outputting the wheat straw from a material conveying pipeline through wind pressure under the actions of high-speed shearing and slapping, and screening to obtain wheat straw fragments. The length of the wheat straw fragments is 5mm-30mm, and the width of the wheat straw fragments is 1mm-5 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 3-6mm closed-cell perlite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Crushing waste polypropylene, and heating in a reactor at 150 deg.c for 5 min to melt completely.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the closed-cell perlite in the step (2) into the waste polypropylene melt in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polypropylene straw expanded perlite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 2, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 18.
Table 18 thermal insulation board performance index
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.383 | 0.07631 | 2.6 |
Table 18 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 9 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Example 10
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in a table 19.
Table 19 insulation board components and proportion
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded perlite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 30 | 25 | 45 |
| Description of the traits | Corn stalk fragment | 3-6mm closed-cell perlite | Waste polypropylene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing corn stalk fragments: the annual corn straws are put into a straw crusher from a feeding port, are output from a material conveying pipeline by wind pressure through high-speed shearing and slapping, and are screened to obtain corn straw fragments. The length of the corn stalk fragments is 5mm-40mm, and the width of the corn stalk fragments is 3mm-10 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 3-6mm closed-cell perlite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Crushing waste polypropylene, and heating in a reactor at 150 deg.c for 5 min to melt completely.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the closed-cell perlite in the step (2) into the waste polypropylene melt in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polypropylene straw expanded perlite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 1.5, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 20.
Table 20 performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.571 | 0.0591 | 2.3 |
Table 20 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 1 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Example 11
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in a table 21.
TABLE 21 thermal insulation board compositions and proportions
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Ceramic particle | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 30 | 25 | 45 |
| Description of the traits | Corn stalk fragment | 1-5mm ceramsite | Waste polystyrene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing corn stalk fragments: the annual corn straws are put into a straw crusher from a feeding port, are output from a material conveying pipeline by wind pressure through high-speed shearing and slapping, and are screened to obtain corn straw fragments. The length of the corn stalk fragments is 5mm-40mm, and the width of the corn stalk fragments is 3mm-10 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 1-5mm ceramsite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polystyrene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polystyrene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the ceramsite in the step (2) into the waste polystyrene melt in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polystyrene straw ceramsite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 1.5, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board, wherein the load of a wheel pressing line is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 22.
TABLE 22 Performance index of insulation board
| Performance index | Density (g/cm)3) | Thermal conductivity (w/(m.K)) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
| Numerical value | 0.498 | 0.0772 | 2.4 |
Table 22 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 11 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Example 12
The components and the proportion of the insulation board prepared by utilizing straw fragments, inorganic insulation particles and waste plastics are shown in a table 23.
Table 23 insulation board composition and ratio
| Material(s) | Straw fragments | Expanded vermiculite | Waste plastic |
| Proportioning (wt%) | 30 | 25 | 45 |
| Description of the traits | Sorghum straw chips | 1-2mm expanded vermiculite | Waste polystyrene |
The preparation process of the insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sorghum straw chips: putting the annual sorghum straws into a straw crusher through a feeding port, outputting the sorghum straws from a material conveying pipeline through air pressure under the action of high-speed shearing and flapping, and screening to obtain sorghum straw fragments. The length of the sorghum straw fragments is 5mm-40mm, and the width of the sorghum straw fragments is 3mm-10 mm.
(2) Mixing the straw fragments in the step (1) with 1-2mm expanded vermiculite, and uniformly mixing for later use.
(3) Waste polystyrene is crushed and then placed in a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste polystyrene is completely melted, the heating temperature is controlled at 150 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5 minutes.
(4) And (3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the expanded vermiculite in the step (2) into the waste polystyrene melt in the step (3), starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3 minutes to obtain a waste polystyrene straw expanded vermiculite mixture.
(5) And (3) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (4) according to the compaction coefficient of 1: 1.5, pouring the mixture into a test mold, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the straw insulation board, wherein the wheel rolling line load is 250N/cm.
The prepared insulation board is subjected to density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength tests, and the test results are shown in table 24.
Table 24 performance index of insulation board
Table 24 shows that the insulation board prepared in example 12 has the characteristics of light weight, good insulation performance, high structural strength, and the like.
Claims (10)
1. The heat-insulation board is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of straw fragments, 20-25% of inorganic heat-insulating particles and 45-60% of waste plastics;
and is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-insulating particles, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) crushing waste plastics, and then placing the crushed waste plastics into a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste plastics are completely molten;
(3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-preservation particles in the step (1) into the waste plastic melt in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a waste plastic straw inorganic heat-preservation particle mixture;
(4) and (4) pouring the mixture in the step (3) into a test mold according to a certain compaction coefficient, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board.
2. The insulation board of claim 1, wherein the straw pieces are made from crop straw including one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, and sorghum straw.
3. The insulation board according to claim 1, wherein the straw pieces have a length of 5mm to 50mm and a width of 1mm to 10 mm.
4. The insulation board according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic insulation particles are one or more of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and ceramsite.
5. The insulation board according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic insulation particles have a particle size of 1-10 mm.
6. The heat-insulating board according to claim 1, wherein the waste plastics are one or more of waste polyethylene plastics, waste polystyrene plastics and waste polypropylene plastics.
7. The insulation board according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in the preparation step (2) is controlled at 150-170 ℃, and the heating time is controlled at 5-10 minutes.
8. The insulation board according to claim 1, wherein the compacting factor of the preparation step (4) is 1: 1.5-1: 2, the wheel pressure line load is 200-300N/cm.
9. The preparation method of the insulation board according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-insulating particles, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(2) crushing waste plastics, and then placing the crushed waste plastics into a reaction kettle to be heated until the waste plastics are completely molten;
(3) pouring the mixture of the straw fragments and the inorganic heat-preservation particles in the step (1) into the waste plastic melt in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a waste plastic straw inorganic heat-preservation particle mixture;
(4) and (4) pouring the mixture in the step (3) into a test mold according to a certain compaction coefficient, and performing wheel rolling and pressing molding to obtain the insulation board.
10. The use of the insulation board according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in a building insulation material, said building insulation material comprising a sandwich panel of precast concrete insulation wall panels, a core filler material of concrete insulation blocks or a building exterior wall insulation board.
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| CN112575916A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-30 | 吉林大学 | Biomass building insulation board made of hemp straws |
| CN112876116A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-01 | 上海无想新材料科技有限公司 | Colored expanded vermiculite and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN1850910A (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2006-10-25 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Method for manufacturing stalk-polystyrene composite thermal-insulated plate |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |