CN111646767A - 一种保温耐火石膏粉的应用 - Google Patents
一种保温耐火石膏粉的应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111646767A CN111646767A CN202010436558.XA CN202010436558A CN111646767A CN 111646767 A CN111646767 A CN 111646767A CN 202010436558 A CN202010436558 A CN 202010436558A CN 111646767 A CN111646767 A CN 111646767A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gypsum
- heat
- powder
- gypsum powder
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 27
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000001431 Psychomotor Agitation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010038743 Restlessness Diseases 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000820 toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010013954 Dysphoria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000059 Dyspnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HDFXRQJQZBPDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O HDFXRQJQZBPDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004795 extruded polystyrene foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019600 saltiness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000013220 shortness of breath Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007974 sodium acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium acetic acid acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(O)=O.CC([O-])=O BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FYKDNWHPKQOZOT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dihydrogen phosphate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O FYKDNWHPKQOZOT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010042772 syncope Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/07—Stiffening bandages
- A61L15/08—Stiffening bandages containing inorganic materials, e.g. plaster of Paris
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/07—Stiffening bandages
- A61L15/14—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
- C04B11/007—After-treatment of the dehydration products, e.g. aging, stabilisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
- C04B11/02—Methods and apparatus for dehydrating gypsum
- C04B11/024—Ingredients added before, or during, the calcining process, e.g. calcination modifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/26—Carbonates
- C04B14/28—Carbonates of calcium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
- C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
- C04B18/248—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork from specific plants, e.g. hemp fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
- C04B20/1022—Non-macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
- C04B20/1029—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B20/1037—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/143—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being phosphogypsum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明属于建筑材料领域,具体涉及一种保温耐火石膏粉的应用;通过对工业副产石膏的预处理、制备加强材料、采用乳胶对贝壳粉进行接枝改性,再结合简单快捷的制备方法,利用副产石膏生产出一种既可作为保温耐火材料应用于建筑领域,又可应用于医疗领域的石膏粉,使其应用于建筑领域时平均导热率为0.037W/(m·k),保温效果好,耐火性好的建材,作为石膏绷带时质量轻硬化速度快,支撑性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域,具体涉及一种保温耐火石膏粉的应用。
背景技术
建筑保温材料是通过对建筑***护结构采取措施,减少建筑物室内热量向室外散发,从而保持建筑室内温度。保温材料主要包括:挤塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(挤塑板)、模压型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(普通泡沫板)、现喷硬泡聚氨酯、硬泡聚氨酯保温板(制品)、泡沫玻璃、泡沫混凝土(泡沫砂浆)、化学发泡水泥板、轻骨料保温混凝土等。而现有常用的保温材料如聚苯板,容易脱落、开裂,属于可燃物,有较大的安全隐患。无机保温砂浆是目前满足国家防火规范最便宜的材料,但其保温性能不均衡,在具体应用时有地域限制。
工业副产石膏是指工业生产排出的以硫酸钙为主要成分的副产品的总称,又称为化学石膏或合成石膏。工业副产石膏的主要品种如下:烟气脱硫石膏:含硫燃料燃烧后排放的废气进行脱硫净化处理而得到的一种石膏。磷石膏:磷肥厂、合成洗衣粉厂等制造磷酸时的废渣。钛石膏:是采用硫酸法生产钛白粉时,加人石灰(或电石渣)以中和大量的酸性废水所产生的以二水石膏为主要成分的废渣。氟石膏:制取氢氟酸时的废渣。盐石音:也称硝皮子,是沿海制盐厂制盐时的副产品。柠檬酸石膏渣:又称钙泥,是化工厂生产柠檬酸的废渣。其中,工业副产石膏中占比最大的为磷石膏,每生产1吨磷酸约产生4-5吨磷石膏,其主要成分为二水硫酸钙,此外还含有少量磷矿、磷酸、氟化物、有机物及钾、钠等成分。磷石膏是副产石膏中排量最大的一种,由于利用率较低,大多磷石膏还是以堆积放置的方式进行存放,处理不当将严重危害堆积地及附近区域的大气、土壤和地下水等生态环境。因此,如何提高副产石膏的利用率是当前急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述问题,提供了一种保温耐火石膏粉。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种保温耐火石膏粉,其组成按重量份计包括以下原料:工业副产石膏40-70、加强材料7-15、聚丙纤维5-10、缓凝剂2-6、改性贝壳粉15-20。
进一步,所述保温耐火石膏粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、制备加强材料:
将剑麻纤维用等体积的表面活性剂浸泡2-6h,滤出干燥后,酸化得到。
2、制备改性贝壳粉:
将贝壳粉碎后加入缓冲溶液,加热至60-80℃时滴入乳胶,持续搅拌至糊状,冷冻干燥后粉碎得到。
3、制备保温耐火石膏粉:
a.将工业副产石膏与石灰按2-5:1-2的质量比混合,在200-300℃下进行煅烧,取出后研磨,以波长在320-340nm的紫外光照射后再用其质量3-4倍的水洗涤,加入5-7%絮凝剂沉降,过滤后干燥、粉碎;
进一步,所述的工业副产石膏包括但不限于磷石膏、柠檬酸石膏、脱硫石膏;
b.将聚丙纤维和加强材料混合,以等体积的碳酸钠溶液浸泡2-4h后过滤;
c.混合所有原料,在150-170℃条件下焙烧,冷却后粉碎即得保温耐火石膏粉。
进一步,所述保温耐火石膏粉在医疗领域的应用方法为:将石膏粉加1.5-2倍重量的水调成糊状,放入纱布上浆,刮去多余的石膏,烘干即可,在使用前以25-28℃的清水浸泡3-5min即可。
进一步,所述保温耐火石膏粉在建筑材料领域的应用,可作为墙体保温材料,也可浇注后作为地暖保温层使用。
综上所述,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明通过对工业副产石膏的预处理、制备加强材料、采用乳胶对贝壳粉进行接枝改性,再结合简单快捷的制备方法,利用副产石膏生产出一种既可作为保温耐火材料应用于建筑领域,又可应用于医疗领域的石膏粉,使其应用于建筑领域时平均导热率为0.037W/(m·k),保温效果好,耐火性好的建材,作为石膏绷带时质量轻硬化速度快,支撑性强。
其中,传统对工业副产石膏的预处理方式是进行水洗筛分,或高温煅烧,在对副产石膏直接进行水化预处理时,杂质会阻碍石膏水化,导致产品结构疏松,强度降低,并且先进行水洗用水量大、耗能高、投资大,还会产生大量含污染物的废水,需进行二次处理才能排放。若采用煅烧的方式大多需要400℃以上的高温进行煅烧,耗能大。相较传统方法而言,本申请在进行预处理时先将石灰与石膏混合煅烧,再进行研磨、紫外光活化、洗涤、除杂等步骤,不仅仅是更换了处理步骤的顺序,同时对工艺进行了改进。以磷石膏为例,加入石灰在有效平衡磷石膏的ph值的同时,在后续煅烧时其中所含的有效氧化钙和氧化镁与树脂共同形成交结性的成分,可将磷石膏煅烧时生成的焦磷酸盐包裹,以便后续能完全去除。采用中温快速煅烧的方式,磷石膏晶格中的共晶杂质会被分解出来,有机杂质随着温度的升高也会被分解,这些分解的杂质被石灰形成的交结性成分包裹,同时复合材料在煅烧后的导热性被提高。此时再进行水洗,所加水量相较传统方法而言少很多,减少投资。采用剑麻纤维为原料制备加强材料,不仅增加了石膏粉的强度,同时也提高了石膏粉的耐火性,提高了应用过程中的安全系数,还对石膏的保温效果起到了加强的作用。以乳胶接枝改性贝壳粉,在缓冲溶液的辅助下,乳胶分子与贝壳粉中的甲壳素等物质交联形成网状结构,在石膏粉加水应用时吸水形成骨架起到支撑作用,进一步提高了石膏的强度。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
1一种保温耐火石膏粉,其组成按重量份计包括以下原料:磷石膏55、加强材料11、聚丙纤维7、缓凝剂4、改性贝壳粉17。
进一步,所述保温耐火石膏粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、制备加强材料:
将剑麻纤维用等体积的吐温80浸泡4h,滤出干燥后,以盐酸酸化得到。
2、制备改性贝壳粉:
将贝壳粉碎后加入缓冲溶液,加热至70℃时滴入乳胶,持续搅拌至糊状,冷冻干燥后粉碎得到。
3、制备保温耐火石膏粉:
a.将磷石膏与石灰按4:1.5的质量比混合,在250℃下进行煅烧,取出后研磨,以波长在330nm的紫外光照射后再用其质量3倍的水洗涤,加入6%絮凝剂沉降,过滤后干燥、粉碎;
b.将聚丙纤维和加强材料混合,以等体积的碳酸钠溶液浸泡3h后过滤;
c.混合所有原料,在160℃条件下焙烧,冷却后粉碎即得保温耐火石膏粉。
实施例2
1一种保温耐火石膏粉,其组成按重量份计包括以下原料:柠檬酸石膏70、加强材料15、聚丙纤维10、缓凝剂6、改性贝壳粉20。
进一步,所述保温耐火石膏粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、制备加强材料:
将剑麻纤维用等体积的聚山梨酯浸泡6h,滤出干燥后,以磷酸酸化得到。
2、制备改性贝壳粉:
将贝壳粉碎后加入碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液,加热至80℃时滴入乳胶,持续搅拌至糊状,冷冻干燥后粉碎得到。
3、制备保温耐火石膏粉:
a.将柠檬酸石膏与石灰按5:2的质量比混合,在300℃下进行煅烧,取出后研磨,以波长在340nm的紫外光照射后再用其质量4倍的水洗涤,加入7%絮凝剂沉降,过滤后干燥、粉碎;
b.将聚丙纤维和加强材料混合,以等体积的碳酸钠溶液浸泡4h后过滤;
c.混合所有原料,在170℃条件下焙烧,冷却后粉碎即得保温耐火石膏粉。
实施例3
1一种保温耐火石膏粉,其组成按重量份计包括以下原料:脱硫石膏40、加强材料7、聚丙纤维5、缓凝剂2、改性贝壳粉15。
进一步,所述保温耐火石膏粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、制备加强材料:
将剑麻纤维用等体积的十二烷基苯磺酸钠浸泡2h,滤出干燥后,以硫酸酸化得到。
2、制备改性贝壳粉:
将贝壳粉碎后加入磷酸二氢钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液,加热至60℃时滴入乳胶,持续搅拌至糊状,冷冻干燥后粉碎得到。
3、制备保温耐火石膏粉:
a.将脱硫石膏与石灰按2:1的质量比混合,在200℃下进行煅烧,取出后研磨,以波长在320nm的紫外光照射后再用其质量3倍的水洗涤,加入5%絮凝剂沉降,过滤后干燥、粉碎;
b.将聚丙纤维和加强材料混合,以等体积的碳酸钠溶液浸泡2h后过滤;
c.混合所有原料,在150℃条件下焙烧,冷却后粉碎即得保温耐火石膏粉。
实施例4
1一种保温耐火石膏粉,其组成按重量份计包括以下原料:盐石膏60、加强材料10、聚丙纤维9、缓凝剂5、改性贝壳粉18。
进一步,所述保温耐火石膏粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、制备加强材料:
将剑麻纤维用等体积的聚山梨酯浸泡3h,滤出干燥后,以盐酸酸化得到。
2、制备改性贝壳粉:
将贝壳粉碎后加入乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液,加热至75℃时滴入乳胶,持续搅拌至糊状,冷冻干燥后粉碎得到。
3、制备保温耐火石膏粉:
a.将工业副产石膏与石灰按3:1的质量比混合,在245℃下进行煅烧,取出后研磨,以波长在325nm的紫外光照射后再用其质量3倍的水洗涤,加入5%絮凝剂沉降,过滤后干燥、粉碎;
b.将聚丙纤维和加强材料混合,以等体积的碳酸钠溶液浸泡4h后过滤;
c.混合所有原料,在160℃条件下焙烧,冷却后粉碎即得保温耐火石膏粉。
一、石膏粉理化性质实验
1.1实验方法
实验1-3:在与实施例1的同等条件下,将加强材料分别更换为石棉纤维、玻璃纤维、岩棉制备石膏粉;
实验4:在与实施例1的同等条件下,采用水洗的方式对石膏进行预处理制备石膏粉;
实验5:在与实施例1的同等条件下,采用500℃煅烧30min的方式对磷石膏进行预处理制备石膏粉;
实验6:在与实施例1的同等条件下,对贝壳粉采用淀粉进行改性制备石膏粉;
实验7:在与实施例1的同等条件下,不对贝壳粉进行改性制备石膏粉;
实验8:在与实施例1的同等条件下,将改性贝壳粉更换为等量的珍珠岩粉末制备石膏粉;
将石膏粉加水成型后测试导热系数及莫氏硬度,与实施例1对比,结果如表1所示。
1.2实验结果
表1
二、烟毒性测试
2.1实验方法
实验9-13:选取5只重量在18-24g的小鼠,雌雄随机,取实验1-5制备的石膏粉为材料,按GB/T 20285-2006标准进行烟毒性测试,实验按小鼠死亡或丧失逃离能力时所需的产烟浓度作为判定材料产烟毒性危险级别的依据,所需产烟浓度越高的材料其危险越低,安全级别越高。
设定产烟浓度为25mg/L进行30min染毒实验,若小鼠在染毒期间(包括染毒后1h内)无死亡,则判定在此级别下麻醉性合格,若小鼠在30min染毒后不死亡及体重无下降或体重虽有下降,但3天内体重恢复则判定为刺激性合格。30min内记录小鼠状态,1h后记录与实验前小鼠的体重比较值,与实施例1进行对比,结果如表2所示。
2.2实验结果
表2
项目 | 30min | 1h | 1d | 2d | 3d |
实施例1 | 略显烦躁 | 体重未变 | 体重未变 | 增加0.4g | 增加0.7g |
实验9 | 小鼠死亡 | - | - | - | - |
实验10 | 昏厥 | 减轻0.7g | 减轻1.3g | 减轻1.7g | 减轻1.5g |
实验11 | 呼吸急促 | 减轻0.5g | 减轻0.8g | 减轻1.2g | 减轻1.4g |
实验12 | 烦躁不安 | 体重未变 | 减轻0.2g | 减轻0.4g | 减轻0.6g |
实验13 | 烦躁不安 | 体重未变 | 减轻0.6g | 减轻0.4g | 减轻0.2g |
三、耐火极限实验
3.1实验方法
实验14-16:在标准耐火试验条件下,将实验1-3制备的石膏粉加水制成50mm厚的石膏板,以石膏板开始出现裂纹时所经过的时间为标准,测试其耐火极限,与实施例1进行比较,结果如表3所示。
表3
项目 | 耐火极限(小时) |
实施例1 | 1.34 |
实验14 | 1.41 |
实验15 | 1.27 |
实验16 | 1.31 |
由上述实验结果可知,本申请所制备的石膏粉保温效果好,耐火程度高,选用石棉作为加强材料的原料制备的石膏粉虽然保温效果及耐火性都较好,但在烟毒性实验中小鼠直接死亡,从安全角度考虑石棉具有一定的危险性。玻璃纤维和岩棉的耐火效果也较好,但结合烟毒性试验及导热系数来看,二者均有一定的毒性,且保温效果与剑麻纤维相差较大,因此剑麻纤维依然是最优选。
Claims (7)
1.一种保温耐火石膏粉的应用,其特征在于,所述石膏粉可用作建筑材料以及医用石膏。
2.一种保温耐火石膏粉,其特征在于,其组成按重量份计包括以下原料:工业副产石膏40-70、加强材料7-15、聚丙纤维5-10、缓凝剂2-6、改性贝壳粉15-20。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种保温耐火石膏粉,其特征在于,所述的工业副产石膏是经过预处理的。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种保温耐火石膏粉,其特征在于,所述的预处理,是将工业副产石膏经煅烧、活化、水洗、除杂、干燥得到。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种保温耐火石膏粉,其特征在于,所述的加强材料,是将剑麻纤维经表面活性剂浸泡干燥后酸化得到。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种保温耐火石膏粉,其特征在于,所述的改性贝壳粉是将贝壳粉碎后加入缓冲溶液,在加热条件下滴入乳胶,搅拌至糊状,冷冻干燥后粉碎得到。
7.一种保温耐火石膏粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a.将工业副产石膏与石灰混合,在200-300℃下进行煅烧,取出后研磨,以紫外光照射后再用其质量3-4倍的水洗涤,加入絮凝剂沉降,过滤后干燥、粉碎;
b.将聚丙纤维和加强材料混合,以碳酸钠溶液浸泡2-4h后过滤;
c.混合所有原料,在150-170℃条件下焙烧,冷却后粉碎即得保温耐火石膏粉。
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