CN111642054A - Portable neutron generator - Google Patents

Portable neutron generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111642054A
CN111642054A CN202010455730.6A CN202010455730A CN111642054A CN 111642054 A CN111642054 A CN 111642054A CN 202010455730 A CN202010455730 A CN 202010455730A CN 111642054 A CN111642054 A CN 111642054A
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China
Prior art keywords
cooling liquid
pipe
target
ion source
power supply
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CN202010455730.6A
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CN111642054B (en
Inventor
陈红涛
赵芳
张凯
鲍杰
于伟翔
阮锡超
刘世龙
侯龙
龚新宝
刘邢宇
张坤
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
    • H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron generators, and particularly relates to a portable neutron generator which comprises a D + ion source and a cooling liquid guide pipe (3) which are arranged in a main machine case (1), wherein the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) is provided with a high-voltage input module, and the tail end of the cooling liquid guide pipe is provided with a target electrode (29); one end of a straight cylindrical vacuum cavity (4) is hermetically connected with the cooling liquid guide pipe (3), the other end of the straight cylindrical vacuum cavity is hermetically connected with the D + ion source, and the target electrode (29) is positioned in the vacuum cavity (4); the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) provides cooling for the target electrode (29), and the D + ion source emits D + ion beams to the target electrode (29) to generate neutrons on the target electrode (29). The neutron activation analysis device can artificially control the generation of neutrons, has a detachable structure, has maintainability and basically unlimited service life, meets the element activation analysis and detection requirements on the yield and the size of neutrons, can be assembled with the activation analysis device to form an integrated detection device, and can be moved in a portable mode.

Description

Portable neutron generator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron generators, and particularly relates to a portable neutron generator.
Background
At present, with the increasingly wider application range of neutrons, the demand for neutron sources is increasing, and the demand is also increasing. For example, thermal neutrons are needed for on-line detection of element components of coal or cement by neutron activation analysis, and the method generally adopts252The Cf radioactive source requires a neutron source intensity of 1E8 or more, but the radioactive source with the intensity is difficult to obtain and needs to be imported, and the long-term high-intensity radioactivity of the radioactive source has extremely high risk and is very inconvenient to manage. In addition, the half-life of the radioactive source is only 2 years and half, and one radioactive source needs to be replenished every other year or every two years to meet the detection requirement, so that more and more radioactive sources are generated, the cost is increased, and the difficulty of management and radioactive source treatment is increased. Therefore, a controllable neutron source is needed to replace the neutron source, and a high-yield D-D neutron generator is gradually adopted to replace a radioactive source internationally for element activation analysis and detection in the production of materials such as coal or cement.
There are many devices for generating neutrons, such as reactors, accelerators, neutron tubes, generators, radioactive isotope sources, and the like. Because the reactor and the accelerator are large in size and unfavorable for application, the isotope neutron source and the neutron tube are widely applied at present. The isotope neutron source has long-term radioactivity, high danger, belongs to an uncontrollable neutron source, is inconvenient to manage, has a half-life period, is limited in strength and is greatly limited in application. Neutron tubes have low neutron yield and a service life of only hundreds of hours, and the current application is limited to petroleum logging.
Various forms of neutron generators have been disclosed and patented. For example: 1. chinese patent CN102548181A (application publication date: 7/4/2012) discloses a small-diameter radio-frequency-driven deuterium neutron tube, which is characterized by small volume, high neutron yield, short service life, less than 1000 hours, and is a disposable product and has no maintainability. 2. Chinese patent CN102548181A (application publication date: 12/24/2012) discloses a small high-yield deuterium neutron generator, which gives 4 embodiments: 1) d beam energy is 100keV, D beam intensity is 100mA, a pure titanium target is adopted, and the beam power on the target is 10 kw; 2) increasing the beam intensity of the D beam in the scheme 1 to 400mA, and adopting a ceramic target, wherein the beam power on the target is 40 kw; 3) d, beam energy is 200keV, beam intensity is 1000mA, a pure titanium target is adopted, and beam power on the target is 200 kw; 4) the titanium target in the scheme 3 is replaced by a ceramic target, the beam current is increased to 4000mA, and the beam current power on the target is 8000 kw. Theoretically, the four above embodiments can realize the DD neutron yield of more than 1011s-1And even up to 1012s-1However, the above solution is only theoretically possible and cannot be substantially implemented, both for the possibility of generating said beam current intensity from the ion source and for the method of cooling the target. 3. Chinese patent CN203748097U (publication date 2014 7, 3) discloses a small directional neutron generator scheme, which is only theoretically possible, and is very difficult to realize, and the generator has a large volume and a short service life. 4. Chinese patent CN203761670U (publication date 2014 8, 6) discloses a neutron generator scheme using a grid, which is characterized in that the grid is used to effectively inhibit the reverse acceleration of secondary electrons, and the neutron generator has low yield and short service life.
Chinese patent CN105407621A (application publication No. 2016, 3, 16) discloses a compact D-D neutron generator,it features that the neutron yield can be greater than 1 × 108s-1Magnitude, but larger in size, resulting in increased minimum distance for neutrons to be used, resulting in reduced effective neutron yield, i.e., reduced neutron fluence rate at the sample; in addition, the ion source used by the invention is a double-plasma source, the service life of the ion source is only about 100 hours, the use continuity of the generator is influenced, the proton ratio is only about 40%, and the effective beam intensity is lower; the target is cooled by pure water, the resistivity of the pure water is reduced after the pure water is used for a period of time, the pure water needs to be purified again or replaced, in addition, the maximum resistivity of the pure water is only 18M omega, and the insulation requirement can be met only by a long guide pipe, so that the system structure is complex and the reliability is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the conditions that the application demand of a small high-yield neutron source at the present stage is basically blank in domestic market and is basically forbidden to sell internationally, the invention aims to provide the controllable neutron source which is small in size, high in neutron yield, long in service life, and high in reliability and stability. The neutron source can be applied to the fields of neutron irradiation, neutron single event effect test, neutron activation element analysis and the like.
In order to achieve the purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a portable neutron generator, which comprises a D + ion source and a straight-tube type cooling liquid guide tube, wherein the D + ion source and the straight-tube type cooling liquid guide tube are arranged in a main machine box made of stainless steel materials; the device also comprises a straight-tube-shaped vacuum cavity, one end of the vacuum cavity is hermetically connected with the tail end of the cooling liquid guide pipe, the other end of the vacuum cavity is hermetically connected with the tail end of the D + ion source, and the target electrode is positioned in the vacuum cavity; the molecular pump unit is used for vacuumizing the vacuum cavity; the high-voltage input module provides high voltage electricity for the target electrode, the cooling liquid guide pipe provides cooling for the target electrode, and the D + ion source emits D + ion beams to the target electrode, so that neutrons are generated on the target electrode; the main machine case is provided with a hand-held handle, so that the main machine case can be lifted and moved.
Further, in the present invention,
the outer part of the target electrode is a smooth outer shell, a target sheet is arranged in the target electrode, and a circulating flow passage capable of passing through cooling liquid is arranged in the cooling liquid guide pipe and used for refrigerating the target sheet; the high-voltage input module provides high voltage electricity to the target electrode through a high-voltage connecting rod penetrating through the cooling liquid guide pipe;
the high-voltage power supply is used for providing high-voltage power for the high-voltage input module, the circulating cooling machine is used for providing circulating cooling liquid for the cooling liquid guide pipe, the radio-frequency power supply is used for providing power for the D + ion source, the vacuum gauge is used for measuring the vacuum degree in the vacuum cavity, and the distribution box is used for providing 220V power for all power consumption equipment in the neutron generator; the accessory cabinet also comprises a control system for controlling the operation of the accelerating high-voltage power supply, the circulating cooler, the radio-frequency power supply, the vacuum gauge, the anode power supply, the distribution box and the molecular pump unit, wherein the control system is remotely controlled by a computer;
the accessory cabinet adopts a table type cabinet; the vacuum gauge, the anode power supply, the radio frequency power supply, the distribution box, the acceleration high-voltage power supply and the circulating cooler are arranged in sequence from top to bottom;
a high-voltage wire, an ion source power supply cable, a first cooling liquid conveying pipe, a second cooling liquid conveying pipe and an ion source leading-out cable are connected between the main machine case and the accessory machine cabinet; the circulating cooler is connected with the cooling liquid guide pipe through the first cooling liquid conveying pipe and is connected with the D + ion source through the second cooling liquid conveying pipe; the radio frequency power supply is connected with the D + ion source through the ion source power supply cable; the accelerating high-voltage power supply is connected with the high-voltage input module through the high-voltage wire.
Further, in the present invention,
the target electrode comprises a cylindrical outer shell which is composed of a target base and an electrode and has a smooth surface, and a target sheet which is arranged on the target base and is positioned in the outer shell, wherein the target base is provided with a cooling liquid channel, and the electrode is provided with a beam channel;
the target base is made of copper materials and is cylindrical, one end of the target base is provided with the cooling liquid channel, the other end of the target base is an inclined plane provided with a target sheet opening, and a target base inner cavity is formed between the inclined plane and the cooling liquid channel; one end of the cooling liquid channel, which is positioned at the outer shell, is an arc-shaped opening, and the surface of the cooling liquid channel is smooth and has no sharp edges; the electrode is a stainless steel cylinder, one end of the electrode is the beam channel, is an arc-shaped opening, has a smooth surface without sharp edges and corners, and the other end of the electrode is an opening with internal threads and is connected with the target base through threads;
the target sheet is arranged on the target sheet opening in a sealing mode, and the target sheet is connected with the inclined plane in an insulating and sealing mode;
the edge of one side of the target sheet opening, which faces the beam current channel, is provided with a groove, and the target sheet is arranged in the groove; a fourth sealing ring is arranged between the target sheet and the groove, and the target sheet is tightly pressed on the fourth sealing ring through a pressing ring so as to realize the insulating sealing connection between the target sheet and the inclined plane;
the tail end of the high-pressure connecting rod penetrates through the cooling liquid channel to extend into the target base inner cavity, and the tail end of the high-pressure connecting rod is L-shaped and connected to the side wall of the target base; the high-pressure connecting rod is made of stainless steel; the top end of the high-voltage connecting rod is provided with a high-voltage connector for connecting high-voltage electricity, and the high-voltage connector extends out of the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe; the high-voltage connector is made of copper;
the resistance is connected between the pressure ring and the target base;
still including setting up a pair of first permanent magnet in the electrode, magnetic field intensity is 200 gauss, first permanent magnet is the rectangle thin slice, is in through iron sheet support setting in the electrode, be located the inclined plane with position between the restraint passageway, the N utmost point and the S utmost point of first permanent magnet set up relatively.
Further, in the present invention,
the fourth sealing ring is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the thickness of the fourth sealing ring is larger than the depth of the groove; the inclined plane is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the compression ring is connected with the inclined plane through screws and the threaded holes, and bakelite insulating sleeves are sleeved on the peripheries of the screws;
the target sheet is a disc-shaped molybdenum sheet, the diameter of the target sheet is smaller than that of the groove, and deuterium or tritium is adsorbed on one surface of the target sheet after titanium plating to form a deuterium target or tritium target;
the clamping ring is a stainless steel circular ring, the outer diameter of the clamping ring is equal to the diameter of the target sheet, the inner diameter of the clamping ring is larger than the active area of the target sheet, and the annular surface of the clamping ring is provided with a screw through hole for mounting the screw.
Further, in the present invention,
the high-voltage input module comprises a cylindrical insulator, wherein the high-voltage wire is arranged in the cylindrical insulator, and the insulator is hermetically connected with an insulating layer outside the high-voltage wire; the insulator is arranged at the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe; the high-voltage connector is arranged in the insulator and connected with the high-voltage wire, and the insulator is in sealing connection with the high-voltage connector; the periphery of the insulator is provided with a convex ring for plugging the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe; the insulator is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, in the present invention,
the cooling liquid guide pipe comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe arranged in the outer pipe, the top end of the inner pipe is positioned in the outer pipe, and a space between the inner wall of the outer pipe and the outer wall of the inner pipe and an inner space of the inner pipe jointly form the circulating flow channel; the outer wall of the top end of the inner tube is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the outer tube, the tail ends of the inner tube and the outer tube are arranged on the target electrode, and the outer tube is hermetically connected with the target electrode and used for supporting the target electrode; the outer tube and the inner tube are made of quartz glass;
the tail end of the outer pipe is arranged in the cooling liquid channel, and the outer wall of the opening at the tail end of the outer pipe is in sealing connection with the cooling liquid channel; the opening at the tail end of the inner tube extends into the target substrate inner cavity;
the main body of the high-pressure connecting rod penetrates through the inner pipe;
the outer tube is characterized by also comprising an insulating external thread ring arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the outer tube, wherein the outer wall of the insulating external thread ring is provided with an external thread;
the first gland is used for matching with the external thread of the insulating external thread ring and the convex ring of the insulator to press the insulator on the top end of the outer tube;
the first sealing ring is arranged between the first gland and the insulating external thread ring and used for realizing sealing between the first gland and the insulating external thread ring;
the cooling system further comprises a cooling liquid input pipe, one end of an outlet of the cooling liquid input pipe penetrates through the side wall of the outer pipe to be communicated with the inner pipe, one end of an inlet of the cooling liquid input pipe is connected with an outlet of the circulating cooler through the first cooling liquid conveying pipe, and the cooling liquid input pipe is in sealing connection with the side wall of the outer pipe; the cooling liquid outlet pipe is arranged in the outer pipe, and the inlet end of the cooling liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the outer pipe;
the cooling liquid input pipe and the cooling liquid output pipe are arranged at positions close to the top end of the inner pipe, are perpendicular to the outer pipe and are oppositely positioned at two sides of the outer pipe;
a flange plate is arranged on the cooling liquid guide pipe and is used for being in sealing connection with the vacuum cavity, and the flange plate is made of stainless steel; the cooling liquid guide pipe is arranged on the circle center of the flange plate in a penetrating manner through the upper pressing ring and the lower pressing ring; the upper pressing ring and the lower pressing ring are sleeved on the outer surface of the cooling liquid guide pipe and are tightly pressed on the flange plate through a second pressing cover, and the second pressing cover is connected with the flange plate through threads; go up the clamping ring with set up the second sealing washer down between the clamping ring, down the clamping ring with set up the third sealing washer between the ring flange, through the second sealing washer with the third sealing washer is realized the coolant liquid honeycomb duct with seal between the ring flange.
Further, in the present invention,
the first gland, the upper compression ring and the lower compression ring are made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the insulating external thread ring is made of organic glass, and the second gland is made of stainless steel; the cooling liquid input pipe and the cooling liquid output pipe are made of quartz glass; the cooling liquid is fluorinated liquid.
Further, in the present invention,
the D + ion source comprises a discharge tube, the tail end of the discharge tube is provided with a leading-out structure, the top end of the discharge tube is connected with a deuterium gas steel cylinder, the discharge tube is arranged in a shielding box, the tail end of the discharge tube is provided with a disc-shaped ion source chassis, and the leading-out structure is positioned in the center of the ion source chassis, is positioned in the vacuum cavity and is opposite to the beam current channel of the target electrode; the capacitive coupling ring is sleeved on the outer surface of the discharge tube, and the anode probe is arranged at the top end of the discharge tube; the anode power supply is connected with the anode probe through the ion source leading-out cable and used for supplying power to the anode probe and is used for leading out D + ions in the D + ion source;
the lead-out structure is positioned on the axis of the discharge tube and consists of an aluminum electrode and a quartz sleeve, the aluminum electrode is a cylinder with a round hole in the center, and the round hole is a beam lead-out pore channel; the quartz sleeve is sleeved outside the aluminum electrode.
Further, in the present invention,
the ion source chassis is made of stainless steel, one side of the ion source chassis is connected with the tail end of the discharge tube through a third gland and a pressing sheet, and the third gland is connected with the ion source chassis through threads; a fifth sealing ring is arranged at the tail end of the discharge tube, and the discharge tube and the ion source chassis are sealed under the action of the third gland and the pressing sheet; the other side of the ion source chassis is used for being connected with the vacuum cavity; the ion source chassis is internally provided with a circular interlayer, and a first guide pipe and a second guide pipe which are communicated with the interlayer are arranged; the first guide pipe is connected with one end of the outlet of the cooling liquid output pipe and is used for guiding the cooling liquid into the interlayer and cooling the leading-out structure; the second conduit is connected with the inlet of the circulating cooler through the second cooling liquid conveying pipe and is used for returning the cooling liquid to the circulating cooler;
the discharge tube is made of high-purity quartz glass, the tail end of the discharge tube is flat, a round hole is formed in the center of the tail end, and the round hole is used for being sleeved on the quartz sleeve of the leading-out structure; the top end of the discharge tube is provided with an air inlet tube, and the air inlet tube is connected with the deuterium gas steel cylinder through a vacuum rubber tube and used for inputting deuterium gas into the discharge tube; the anode probe is arranged at the center of the top end of the discharge tube, is connected with the anode power supply and is used for loading an extraction voltage; the anode probe is made of a tungsten rod;
a gas flow controller is further arranged between the gas inlet pipe and the deuterium gas steel cylinder, the gas flow controller controls the gas flow by adopting a needle valve, and two ends of the gas flow controller are respectively connected with the deuterium gas steel cylinder and the gas inlet pipe of the discharge tube by using the vacuum rubber tube; the deuterium gas steel cylinder is provided with a gas pressure gauge, is arranged outside the main machine box through a clamping band and is positioned below the discharge tube;
the gas flow controller is controlled by the control system.
Further, in the present invention,
the capacitive coupling ring is two copper rings with the same size, is separately sleeved on the outer surface of the discharge tube, and further comprises a radio frequency power supply matcher connected with the capacitive coupling ring; the radio frequency power supply matcher is arranged in the main body case and positioned below the discharge tube, and the radio frequency power supply feeds power into the discharge tube through the radio frequency power supply matcher and the capacitive coupling ring;
the main body case is also provided with a matcher and radio frequency power supply wiring terminal, an ion source anode wiring terminal and an ion source air inlet pipe bridging hole, and the matcher and the radio frequency power supply wiring terminal are connected with the ion source power supply cable and used for connecting the radio frequency power supply matcher and the radio frequency power supply; the ion source anode wiring terminal is connected with the anode power supply and used for supplying power to the anode probe; the gap bridge hole of the ion source air inlet pipe is used for the installation and the passing of the vacuum rubber tube;
the discharge tube is sleeved with an annular second permanent magnet, and the second permanent magnet is arranged in the main machine case, is close to the tail end of the discharge tube and is used for generating an axial magnetic field;
the discharge tube and the radio frequency power supply matcher are cooled by the fan.
Further, in the present invention,
the vacuum cavity is a stainless steel cylinder, and one end of the vacuum cavity is provided with a first flange which is used for being matched with the flange plate on the cooling liquid guide pipe so as to realize the sealing connection of the cooling liquid guide pipe and the vacuum cavity; the other end of the ion source chassis is provided with a second flange which is used for matching with the ion source chassis to realize the sealing connection of the D + ion source and the vacuum cavity; the first flange and the flange plate and the second flange and the ion source chassis are connected through screws and sealed by using sealing rings;
the vacuum pump unit is characterized by further comprising a straight pipe type stainless steel third flange vertically arranged on the side wall of the vacuum cavity, one end of the third flange is communicated with the vacuum cavity, and the other end of the third flange is connected with the molecular pump unit in a sealing mode, so that the molecular pump unit can vacuumize the vacuum cavity; the port where the third flange is connected with the molecular pump unit is of an international standard ISO63 type, connection is realized through a C-shaped card, and sealing is realized through a rubber sealing ring;
the vacuum measuring tube is arranged on the third flange and is used for being connected with the vacuum gauge to measure the vacuum degree of the vacuum cavity; set up the fourth flange on the third flange, the vacuum measurement pipe passes through the sealed setting of fourth flange is in on the third flange, the fourth flange is for connecing the flange soon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. power feeding: the invention adopts the radio frequency power supply to feed in the high frequency power, only one radio frequency power supply is needed, the oscillator is not needed, one power supply is reduced, and the size of the system is reduced.
2. Interference shielding: because the high-frequency oscillator is an open antenna, high-frequency power is continuously emitted outwards, and interference signals are emitted to equipment such as an external power supply and signal transmission, so that the equipment is difficult to stably work. According to the invention, as the mode that the radio frequency power supply feeds in the high-frequency power is adopted, only the discharge tube 5 of the ion source needs to be shielded, so that the shielding difficulty of interference signals is reduced, and the adverse problem that the ion source sends the interference signals outwards is effectively solved by the method that the discharge tube 5 is arranged in the shielding box 72.
3. External magnetic field: the existing D + ion source adopts an electromagnetic coil magnetic field with an external power supply, and the generation mode of the magnetic field needs the power supply, and the electromagnetic coil has the advantages of large size, heavy weight and adjustable magnetic field intensity. Through a large number of experimental researches, the invention invents a permanent magnet type magnetic field structure (namely the second permanent magnet 36) suitable for a small neutron generator, does not need an external power supply and cooling, and reduces the size and the weight of the magnet by more than one order of magnitude.
4. Cooling of the lead-out structure: the existing D + ion source adopts the method that an ion source chassis is cooled by a fan, then heat is transferred by the ion source chassis, and heat on an extraction structure is taken away, the heat transfer is slow in the heat dissipation mode, so that the service life of the extraction structure is short, and the extraction structure is a main factor influencing the service life of the ion source.
5. The ion source provided by the invention has the extracted beam intensity of more than 2.5mA and the proton ratio of more than 75%. The average service life of the ion source reaches over 1000 hours.
6. The cooling liquid guide pipe 3 is made of quartz glass, because the quartz glass is equivalent to ceramic and polytetrafluoroethylene in insulation grade, the mechanical strength and the vacuum performance are equivalent to ceramic and superior to those of the polytetrafluoroethylene, the electric breakdown voltage reaches 35kV/mm, the welding is facilitated, the mechanical strength is high, and the structure of a small-size circulating flow channel required by the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 is easy to process. In addition, the quartz glass and the metal are easy to be bonded to form a firm whole, so that the quartz glass and the metal are easy to be connected with the target electrode 29 in a sealing way.
7. The fluorinated liquid has good insulating property, flowing property and heat-conducting property, the three properties are superior to those of transformer oil, the flowing property is equivalent to that of water, and the heat-conducting property is inferior to that of water. It is non-toxic, non-volatile, non-corrosive, and is an excellent insulating cooling liquid, and can reduce and simplify the system structure and volume of neutron generator. The thickness of the insulating layer of the insulator consisting of the fluoridized liquid and the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 reaches more than 10mm, and the breakdown voltage of the insulator is more than 300 kV.
8. The maximum size of the cross section of the part of the whole cooling structure (cooling liquid guide pipe 3) in vacuum is only 20mm, and compared with the cooling structure composed of other structural materials such as ceramics, the cross section size is smaller by more than 2 times, so that the structural design of the target electrode 29 is simplified, the size is reduced, the diameter of the vacuum cavity 4 is reduced, and the size of the neutron generator system is favorably reduced.
9. After the target electrode 29 is assembled, the end surface of the target electrode is a circular arc-shaped cylinder, and all irregular structures and tips are arranged in the target electrode 29, so that the uniformity of electric field distribution is ensured.
10. The target base 54 is bonded with the cooling liquid guide pipe 3, the cooling liquid is guided to the target piece 58 through the inner pipe 47 of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3, the target piece 58 is cooled, and then the cooling liquid flows into the circulating flow channel between the inner pipe 47 and the outer pipe 46 of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 through the target base inner cavity 59 below the target piece 58 to be guided out, so that the target piece 58 is circularly cooled.
11. The beam current is D + particles, positive charges hitting the target surface of the target sheet 58 flow to the electrode 55 through the resistor 60, a voltage difference is formed between the target surface and the electrode 55, electric lines of force are generated in a direction pointing from the target surface to the inner wall of the electrode 55, a self-suppression electric field is formed, secondary electrons generated on the target surface move in a reverse direction under the action of the electric field, and the secondary electrons hitting the target surface disappear. Secondary electrons are prevented from moving toward the acceleration field region.
12. The transverse magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet 61 on the inner wall of the electrode 55 deflects the secondary electrons generated by the target surface during the movement to the acceleration field region, and the secondary electrons strike the inner wall of the electrode 55 and are lost, thereby preventing the secondary electrons from entering the acceleration field region, and causing adverse effects.
13. The self-restraining electric field and the transverse magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet 61 play a double-layer restraining role for secondary electrons, the restraining effect is very good, and the self-restraining electric field and the transverse magnetic field can play a double-insurance role, namely, one fails and the other can also play a role.
14. The target electrode 29 has small size, complete functions and remarkable effect of inhibiting secondary electrons.
15. The target 58 can bear D + beam current with energy of more than 1mA and 100 keV.
DD neutron yields of up to 1 × 107The neutron yield of n/s and DT reaches 1 × 109n/s。
17. The invention adopts two nuclear reactions of deuterium-deuterium fusion and deuterium-tritium fusion to respectively generate monoenergetic fast neutrons with the energy of 2.5MeV and 14MeV, the generation of the neutrons can be controlled manually, the structure of a neutron generator can be split, the main consumable items are a deuterium target or a tritium target, an ion source and the like, the maintainability is realized, the service life is basically not limited, and the 2.5MeV neutron yield is more than 1 × 107s-114MeV neutron yield greater than 1 × 109s-1The neutron yield is higher than most of the existing neutron tubes, the size of the neutron tubes is slightly larger than that of the neutron tubes, the neutron yield and the size of the neutron tubes meet the requirements of element activation analysis and detection, the neutron yield and the size of the neutron tubes can be assembled with an activation analysis device to form an integrated detection device, and the neutron tube can be moved in a portable mode. Therefore, the invention is close to the neutron tube in the aspect of convenience of use, and has neutron yield and service lifeThe surface is superior to neutron tube.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the main body of a portable neutron generator in the main body case 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention (the main body is composed of a high voltage input module, a coolant flow guide tube 3, a target electrode 29, a vacuum chamber 4, a molecular pump set 9, and a D + ion source);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stainless steel tank 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of FIG. 2 taken in the direction A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the accessory cabinet 26 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the main body portion of a portable neutron generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic, enlarged, partial view of a D + ion source according to an embodiment of the present invention (i.e., region C in FIG. 5);
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a high-voltage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention (i.e., a region B in FIG. 5, the high-voltage unit includes a high-voltage input module, a cooling liquid guide tube 3, and a target electrode 29);
fig. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention (i.e., region E in fig. 7);
fig. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the coolant guide pipe 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention (i.e., region F in fig. 7);
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a target electrode 29 according to an embodiment of the present invention (i.e., region G in FIG. 7);
FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the target electrode 29 according to the embodiment of the present invention (i.e., region H in FIG. 10);
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of FIG. 5 taken in the direction D;
in the figure: 1-a main case, 2-a handle, 3-a coolant flow guide pipe, 4-a vacuum chamber, 5-a discharge pipe, 6-a fan, 7-a high-voltage wire, 8-a third flange, 9-a molecular pump set, 10-a vacuum measuring pipe, 11-a deuterium gas steel cylinder, 12-a radio frequency power adapter, 13-a clamping belt, 14-a molecular pump power jack, 15-a heat dissipation hole, 16-a molecular pump exhaust hole, 17-an adapter and radio frequency power connection terminal, 18-an ion source anode connection terminal, 19-an ion source air inlet pipe bridging hole, 20-a vacuum gauge, 21-an anode power supply, 22-a radio frequency power supply, 23-a distribution box, 24-an acceleration high-voltage power supply, 25-a circulating cooler, 26-an accessory cabinet, 27-a first gland, 28-a flange plate, 29-a target electrode, 30-an air inlet pipe, 31-an anode probe, 32-a gas flow controller, 33-an ion source chassis, 34-an interlayer, 35-a leading-out structure, 36-a second permanent magnet, 37-a fifth sealing ring, 38-a capacitive coupling ring, 39-a third gland, 40-a high-voltage joint, 41-an insulator, 42-a first sealing ring, 43-an insulating external thread ring, 44-a cooling liquid input pipe, 45-a cooling liquid output pipe, 46-an outer pipe, 47-an inner pipe, 48-an upper pressing ring, 49-a second gland, 50-a lower pressing ring, 51-a high-voltage connecting rod, 52-a second sealing ring, 53-a third sealing ring, 54-a target base and 55-an electrode, 56-inclined plane, 57-target sheet opening, 58-target sheet, 59-target base inner cavity, 60-resistor, 61-first permanent magnet, 62-iron sheet support, 63-cooling liquid channel, 64-beam channel, 65-press ring, 66-screw, 67-fourth sealing ring, 68-bakelite insulating sleeve, 69-first conduit, 70-second conduit, 71-high-frequency signal output connector and 72-shielding box.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a portable neutron generator is composed of a main body case 1 and an accessory cabinet 26, wherein the main body of the neutron generator is arranged in the main body case 1 made of stainless steel. The main body part consists of a high-voltage input module, a cooling liquid guide pipe 3, a target electrode 29, a vacuum cavity 4, a molecular pump unit 9 and a D + ion source. The cooling liquid guide pipe 3 is a straight pipe type, the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 is provided with a high-voltage input module, and the tail end of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 is provided with a target electrode 29; the vacuum cavity 4 is of a straight cylinder type, one end of the vacuum cavity 4 is hermetically connected with the tail end of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3, the other end of the vacuum cavity 4 is hermetically connected with the tail end of the D + ion source, and the target electrode 29 is positioned in the vacuum cavity 4; the molecular pump unit 9 is used for vacuumizing the vacuum cavity 4; the high-voltage input module provides high voltage electricity for the target electrode 29, the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 provides cooling for the target electrode 29, and the D + ion source emits D + ion beams to the target electrode 29 so that neutrons are generated on the target electrode 29; the main machine case 1 is provided with a portable handle 2 to realize portable movement of the main machine case 1.
The outer part of the target electrode 29 is a smooth outer shell, the target sheet 58 is arranged in the outer shell, and a circulating flow passage capable of passing through cooling liquid is arranged in the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 and used for refrigerating the target sheet 58; the high voltage input module supplies high voltage electricity to the target electrode 29 through a high voltage connection rod 51 penetrating inside the coolant flow guide pipe 3.
As shown in fig. 4, a vacuum gauge 20, an anode power supply 21, a radio frequency power supply 22, a distribution box 23, an acceleration high voltage power supply 24 and a circulation cooling machine 25 are arranged in the accessory cabinet 26, the acceleration high voltage power supply 24 is used for providing high voltage power for the high voltage input module, the circulation cooling machine 25 is used for providing circulating cooling liquid for the cooling liquid guide pipe 3, the radio frequency power supply 22 is used for providing power for the D + ion source, the vacuum gauge 20 is used for measuring the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 4, and the distribution box 23 is used for providing 220V power for all electric equipment in the neutron generator, including the anode power supply 21, the radio frequency power supply 22, the acceleration high voltage power supply 24, the circulation cooling machine 25, the molecular pump unit; the inside 26 of the accessory cabinet also comprises a control system for controlling the operation of an accelerating high-voltage power supply 24, a circulating cooler 25, a radio-frequency power supply 22, a vacuum gauge 20, an anode power supply 21, a distribution box 23 and a molecular pump unit 9, and the control system is remotely controlled by a computer;
the accessory cabinet 26 is a table type cabinet; the vacuum gauge 20, the anode power supply 21, the radio frequency power supply 22, the distribution box 23, the acceleration high-voltage power supply 24 and the circulating cooler 25 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom;
a high-voltage wire 7, an ion source power supply cable, a first cooling liquid conveying pipe, a second cooling liquid conveying pipe and an ion source lead-out cable are connected between the main machine case 1 and the accessory machine cabinet 26; the circulating cooler 25 is connected with the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 through a first cooling liquid conveying pipe and is connected with the D + ion source through a second cooling liquid conveying pipe; the radio frequency power supply 22 is connected with the D + ion source through an ion source power supply cable; the accelerating high-voltage power supply 24 is connected with the high-voltage input module through a high-voltage wire 7.
As shown in fig. 1, 5, 7 and 10, the target electrode 29 has a smooth outer shell, a target sheet 58 inside, and a cooling liquid guide tube 3 having a circulation channel for cooling the target sheet 58, the circulation channel being formed therein and allowing the cooling liquid to pass therethrough; the high voltage input module supplies high voltage electricity to the target electrode 29 through a high voltage connection rod 51 penetrating inside the coolant flow guide pipe 3. The high-voltage input module, the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 and the target electrode 29 jointly form a high-voltage unit (see fig. 7).
The target electrode 29 includes a high voltage connecting rod 51, a target base 54, a target sheet 58, a resistor 60, an electrode 55, a first permanent magnet 61, and the like.
The target base 54 and the electrode 55 form a cylindrical outer shell with a smooth outer surface, the target sheet 58 is arranged on the target base 54 and positioned inside the outer shell, the target base 54 is provided with a cooling liquid channel 63, and the electrode 55 is provided with a beam channel 64 for passing through a D + beam generated by an ion source.
The target base 54 is made of copper material and is cylindrical, one end of the target base is provided with a cooling liquid channel 63 (the cooling liquid channel 63 is used for being bonded with the insulated cooling liquid guide pipe 3, conveying cooling liquid to the target piece 58 on the target base 54 and cooling the target piece 58), and the other end of the target base is provided with an inclined plane 56 provided with a target piece opening 57 and an external thread; a target base inner cavity 59 is formed between the inclined surface 56 and the cooling liquid channel 63; the cooling liquid channel 63 is provided with an arc-shaped opening at one end of the outer shell, and the surface of the cooling liquid channel is smooth and has no sharp edges.
The electrode 55 is a stainless steel cylinder (formed by processing a cylindrical stainless steel bar), one end of the electrode is a beam channel 64 which is an arc-shaped opening with a smooth surface and no sharp edges, and the other end of the electrode is an opening with internal threads (adapted to the external threads of the target base 54) and is connected with the target base 54 through threads.
The angle of the inclined plane 56 is 45 degrees, the target sheet 58 is hermetically arranged on the target sheet opening 57, and the target sheet 58 is in insulating and sealing connection with the inclined plane 56; the diameter of the target sheet 58 is 22mm, the diameter of the cooling liquid channel 63 is 30mm, the diameter of the beam current channel 64 is 10mm, the outer diameter of the outer shell is 42mm, the inner diameter is 36mm, and the length is 100 mm; the electrode 55 forms the main part of the outer housing (i.e. the electrode 55 has an outer diameter of 42mm and an inner diameter of 36 mm).
As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the edge of the target opening 57 facing the beam passage 64 is provided with a groove, and the target 58 is arranged in the groove; a fourth sealing ring 67 is arranged between the target sheet 58 and the groove, the target sheet 58 is pressed on the fourth sealing ring 67 through a pressing ring 65, so that the target sheet 58 is in insulating sealing connection with the inclined plane 56 (the target sheet 58 is not in contact with the inclined plane 56), the fourth sealing ring 67, the target sheet 58 and the pressing ring 65 are sequentially arranged in the groove in the mounting sequence, and the pressing ring 65 is connected with the target base 54 through an insulating screw 66, so that the target sheet 58 is in insulating sealing with the inclined plane 56 (namely the target base 54).
The fourth seal ring 67 is an insulating seal ring made of polytetrafluoroethylene and has a thickness greater than the depth of the groove.
The inclined surface 56 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes which are uniformly arranged.
The target sheet 58 is a disc-shaped molybdenum sheet, the diameter of the target sheet is smaller than that of the groove, and one surface of the target sheet 58 is plated with titanium and then adsorbs deuterium or tritium to form a deuterium target or a tritium target.
The press ring 65 is a stainless steel circular ring, the outer diameter of the press ring is equal to the diameter of the target sheet 58, the inner diameter of the press ring is larger than the active area of the target sheet 58, and a screw through hole for mounting a screw 66 is formed in the annular surface of the press ring 65.
The pressing ring 65 is connected with the inclined surface 56 through a screw 66 and a threaded hole, and a bakelite insulating sleeve 68 is sleeved on the periphery of the screw 66. When the target sheet 58 is installed, the target sheet does not contact the target base 54, the bakelite insulating sleeve 68 is placed in the screw through hole of the pressing ring 65, and finally the pressing ring 65 is pressed by the screw 66, so that the target sheet 58 and the target base 54 are sealed in an insulating way.
The resistor 60 is connected between the pressing ring 65 and the target base 54, and the resistance of the resistor 60 is 300k omega.
The tail end of the high-pressure connecting rod 51 passes through a cooling liquid channel 63 of the target base 54 and extends into the target base inner cavity 59, and the tail end of the high-pressure connecting rod 51 is L-shaped and is connected to the side wall of the target base 54 through welding; the high voltage connecting rod 51 is made of stainless steel and is used for being connected with the high voltage wire 7 to supply accelerating high voltage to the target electrode 29. The top end of the high-voltage connecting rod 51 is provided with a high-voltage connector 40 for connecting high voltage electricity, and the high-voltage connector 40 extends out of the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3; the high voltage connection 40 is copper.
The first permanent magnet 61 is two pieces in the shape of a rectangular thin plate, and is disposed in the electrode 55 through a semicircular iron piece holder 62, and the magnetic field strength is 200 gauss. The first permanent magnet 61 is located between the inclined surface 56 and the beam passage 64, and the N pole and the S pole of the first permanent magnet 61 are oppositely disposed.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the high voltage input module includes a cylindrical insulator 41 having a high voltage line 7 therein, and the insulator 41 is hermetically connected to an insulating layer outside the high voltage line 7; the insulator 41 is arranged at the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3; the high-voltage connector 40 is arranged in the insulator 41 and connected with the high-voltage wire 7, and the insulator 41 is in sealing connection with the high-voltage connector 40; a convex ring is arranged on the periphery of the insulator 41 and used for plugging the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3; the insulator 41 is made of teflon. The high-voltage input module is specifically implemented by drilling holes at two ends of the high-voltage connector 40, wherein a copper cap needs to be sleeved on one end of the high-voltage connector and a wire core of the high-voltage wire 7, and the other end of the high-voltage connector is used for being connected with the high-voltage connecting rod 51. The high-voltage connector 40 penetrates the insulator 41 and then one end of the insulator 41 is bonded to the insulating layer of the high-voltage wire 7.
As shown in fig. 7, the coolant guide pipe 3 includes a first gland 27, a coolant outlet pipe 45, an insulating male screw ring 43, a first seal ring 42, a coolant inlet pipe 44, an outer pipe 46, an inner pipe 47, and the like.
The inner tube 47 is disposed inside the outer tube 46, the tip end (i.e., the end away from the target electrode 29) of the inner tube 47 is located inside the outer tube 46 (near the tip end of the outer tube 46), and the space between the inner wall of the outer tube 46 and the outer wall of the inner tube 47 and the inner space of the inner tube 47 together constitute a circulation flow channel; the outer wall of the tip of the inner tube 47 is hermetically connected to the inner wall (near the tip) of the outer tube 46 (i.e., one end of the circulation flow path is sealed), the rear ends of the inner tube 47 and the outer tube 46 are disposed on the target electrode 29, and the outer tube 46 is hermetically connected to the target electrode 29 and supports the target electrode 29; the outer tube 46 and the inner tube 47 are made of quartz glass.
The outer diameter of the outer tube 46 is 20mm, the inner diameter is 14mm, the thickness of the tube wall is 3mm, the length is more than or equal to 500mm, and openings at two ends are ground flat; the outer diameter of the inner tube 47 is 10mm, the inner diameter is 6mm, the thickness of the tube wall is 2mm, the length is more than or equal to 490mm, and openings at two ends are ground flat.
As shown in fig. 10, the tail end of the outer tube 46 is disposed in the cooling liquid channel 63 of the target electrode 29, and the outer wall of the opening of the tail end of the outer tube 46 is hermetically connected with the cooling liquid channel 63 by bonding with an AB glue; the opening at the tail end of the inner tube 47 extends into the target base cavity 59, and the opening at the tail end of the inner tube 47 is about 20mm away from the opening at the tail end of the outer tube 46.
The body of the high-voltage connecting rod 51 on the target electrode 29 penetrates inside the inner tube 47, and the high-voltage joint 40 at the tip of the high-voltage connecting rod 51 extends beyond the tip of the outer tube 46 (i.e., beyond the tip of the cooling liquid guiding tube 3).
The insulator 41, the first gland 27 and the insulating external thread ring 43 are arranged at the top end of the outer tube 46 and used for sealing the top end of the outer tube 46 and fixing the high-voltage connecting rod 51;
the insulating external thread ring 43 is arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the outer tube 46, and the outer wall of the insulating external thread ring 43 is provided with an external thread;
the insulator 41 is arranged on the top end of the outer tube 46 and used for plugging the top end of the outer tube 46;
the first gland 27 is used for matching with the external thread of the insulating external thread ring 43 and the convex ring of the insulator 41 to press the insulator 41 on the top end of the outer tube 46;
the first sealing ring 42 is disposed between the first gland 27 and the insulating external thread ring 43, and is used for sealing between the first gland 27 and the insulating external thread ring 43.
The material of first gland 27 is polytetrafluoroethylene, and the material of insulating external screw thread ring 43 is organic glass, and insulating external screw thread ring 43 sets up on outer tube 46 through bonding.
As shown in fig. 8, the outlet end of the coolant input pipe 44 communicates with the inner pipe 47 through the side wall of the outer pipe 46, and the inlet end thereof is connected to the outlet of the circulation cooler 25 through a first coolant delivery pipe for inputting the coolant into the inner pipe 47; the cooling liquid input pipe 44 is hermetically connected with the side wall of the outer pipe 46; the inlet end of the coolant outlet pipe 45 is communicated with the outer pipe 46, and the outlet end is used for discharging the coolant. The cooling liquid firstly enters the inner tube 47 through the cooling liquid input tube 44 and is guided to the target substrate inner cavity 59 to cool the target piece 58, and then flows to the cooling liquid output tube 45 through the circulating flow channel between the inner tube 47 and the outer tube 46 to be discharged, so as to form a cooling liquid guiding loop. The coolant input pipe 44 and the coolant output pipe 45 are disposed at positions near the top end of the inner pipe 47, and the coolant input pipe 44 and the coolant output pipe 45 are perpendicular to the outer pipe 46 and are located at opposite sides of the outer pipe 46.
As shown in fig. 9, a flange 28 is provided on the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 for sealing connection with the vacuum chamber 4, the flange 28 being made of stainless steel; the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 is arranged on the circle center of the flange plate 28 in a penetrating way through the upper pressing ring 48 and the lower pressing ring 50; the upper pressing ring 48 and the lower pressing ring 50 are sleeved on the outer surface of the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 and are pressed on the flange plate 28 through a second pressing cover 49, and the second pressing cover 49 is connected with the flange plate 28 through threads; a second sealing ring 52 is arranged between the upper pressing ring 48 and the lower pressing ring 50, a third sealing ring 53 is arranged between the lower pressing ring 50 and the flange plate 28, and the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 and the flange plate 28 are sealed through the second sealing ring 52 and the third sealing ring 53.
The upper pressing ring 48 and the lower pressing ring 50 are made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the second pressing cover 49 is made of stainless steel; the cooling liquid input pipe 44 and the cooling liquid output pipe 45 are made of quartz glass, the outer diameter is 10mm, the inner diameter is 6mm, the thickness of the pipe wall is 2mm, and the length is more than or equal to 100 mm; the cooling liquid is fluorinated liquid with high fluidity and insulating property.
As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 12, the D + ion source includes a discharge tube 5, an anode probe 31, a deuterium gas cylinder 11, an air inlet tube 30, a capacitive coupling ring 38, a second permanent magnet 36, a radio frequency power source 22, an ion source chassis 33, an extraction structure 35, and the like.
The discharge tube 5 is made of high-purity quartz glass, the leading-out structure 35 is arranged at the tail end of the discharge tube 5, and the top end of the discharge tube 5 is connected with the deuterium gas steel cylinder 11. The tail end of the discharge tube 5 is flat, a round hole is arranged in the center of the tail end and is used for being sleeved on a quartz sleeve of the leading-out structure 35 (the leading-out structure 35 consists of an aluminum electrode and the quartz sleeve); the discharge tube 5 is arranged in a shielding box 72 (see fig. 1), and the shielding box 72 can shield the interference signal sent out by the D + ion source (the interference signal mainly comes from the capacitive coupling ring 38 outside the discharge tube 5);
the gas inlet pipe 30 is arranged at the top end of the discharge tube 5, the gas inlet pipe 30 is arranged at the side position of the top end of the discharge tube 5 through welding, and the gas inlet pipe 30 is connected with the deuterium gas steel bottle 11 through a vacuum rubber tube and is used for inputting deuterium gas into the discharge tube 5; the anode probe 31 is arranged at the center of the top end of the discharge tube 5 by welding, is connected with the anode power supply 21 and is used for loading an extraction voltage; the anode probe 31 is made of a tungsten rod.
A disc-shaped ion source chassis 33 is provided at the rear end of the discharge tube 5. The extraction structure 35 is positioned in the center of the ion source chassis 33, is positioned in the vacuum cavity 4 and is opposite to the beam current channel 64 of the target electrode 29; the capacitive coupling ring 38 is fitted over the outer surface of the discharge tube 5; the anode probe 31 is arranged at the top end of the discharge tube 5, the anode power supply 21 is connected with the anode probe 31 through an ion source leading-out cable, and the anode power supply 21 is used for supplying power to the anode probe 31 and is used for leading out D + ions in the D + ion source.
The leading-out structure 35 is positioned on the axis of the discharge tube 5 and consists of an aluminum electrode and a quartz sleeve, wherein the aluminum electrode is a cylinder with a round hole in the center, the round hole is a beam leading-out pore channel, and the aperture is 2 mm; the quartz sleeve is sleeved outside the aluminum electrode and is installed in a sliding fit mode, and the aperture of the quartz sleeve is 5 mm.
The ion source chassis 33 is made of 304 stainless steel and has a thickness of 12mm, and one side of the ion source chassis 33 is connected with the tail end of the discharge tube 5 through a third gland 39 and a pressing sheet. The third gland 39 and the pressing sheet play a role in fixing the discharge tube 5, and the third gland 39 is connected with the ion source chassis 33 through threads; a fifth sealing ring 37 is arranged at the tail end of the discharge tube 5, and the discharge tube 5 and the ion source chassis 33 are sealed under the compression action of a third gland 39 and a pressing sheet; the other side of the ion source chassis 33 is used for connecting with the vacuum chamber 4; the ion source chassis 33 is internally provided with a circular interlayer 34 serving as a cooling water layer, and is provided with a first conduit 69 and a second conduit 70 which are communicated with the interlayer 34, wherein the first conduit 69 is connected with one end of the outlet of the cooling liquid output pipe 45 and is used for guiding cooling liquid into the interlayer 34 and cooling the extraction structure 35; a second conduit 70 is connected to the inlet of the hydrocooler 25 by a second coolant delivery line for returning coolant to the hydrocooler 25.
A gas flow controller 32 is also arranged between the gas inlet pipe 30 and the deuterium gas steel cylinder 11, the gas flow controller 32 adopts a needle valve to accurately control the gas flow, and two ends of the gas flow controller 32 are respectively connected with the deuterium gas steel cylinder 11 and the gas inlet pipe 30 of the discharge tube 5 by vacuum rubber tubes; the deuterium gas cylinder 11 is provided with a gas pressure gauge, and the deuterium gas cylinder 11 is arranged outside the main case 1 and below the discharge tube 5 through a clamping belt 13. Deuterium gas flows from the deuterium gas cylinder 11 through a pressure reducing valve (the pressure reducing valve is provided in the deuterium gas cylinder 11) and a gas flow controller 32 into the discharge tube 5 through an inlet tube 30 provided in the discharge tube 5. The gas flow controller 32 is controlled by a control system.
The capacitive coupling ring 38 is two copper rings with the same size, which are sleeved on the outer surface of the discharge tube 5 at a certain distance, and further comprises a radio frequency power adapter 12 connected with the capacitive coupling ring 38, wherein the radio frequency power adapter 12 is arranged inside the main body case 1 and below the discharge tube 5. The radio frequency power supply matcher 12 is a PSG-Mini type matcher, and the radio frequency power supply matcher 12 is connected with a radio frequency power supply 22 through a power output line; the rf power source 22 feeds power into the discharge tube 5 through the rf power source matcher 12 and the capacitive coupling rings 38 (i.e. the rf power source feeds the high-frequency power, the rf power source matcher 12 is provided with a high-frequency signal output connector 71 for connecting with the two capacitive coupling rings 38); the output frequency of the radio frequency power supply 22 is 108MHz and the maximum power is 200W;
the main body case 1 is also provided with a matcher and radio frequency power supply wiring terminal 17, an ion source anode wiring terminal 18 and an ion source air inlet pipe bridging hole 19, wherein the matcher and radio frequency power supply wiring terminal 17 is connected with an ion source power supply cable and is used for connecting a radio frequency power supply matcher 12 and a radio frequency power supply 22; the ion source anode connecting terminal 18 is connected with an anode power supply 21 and used for supplying power to the anode probe 31; the ion source air inlet pipe bridge hole 19 is used for installing and passing a vacuum rubber pipe;
the permanent magnet type LED lamp further comprises an annular second permanent magnet 36 sleeved outside the discharge tube 5, wherein the second permanent magnet 36 is arranged inside the main case 1, sleeved outside the discharge tube 5 and close to the tail end of the discharge tube 5 to form a permanent magnet type magnetic field structure for generating an axial magnetic field, and the magnetic field intensity is 2000 gauss; the outer diameter of the second permanent magnet 36 is 100mm, the inner diameter is 60mm, and the thickness is 20 mm; the center of the second permanent magnet 36 and the center of the discharge tube 5 coincide;
the cooling device also comprises a fan 6 arranged on the main body case 1 and used for cooling the discharge tube 5 and the radio frequency power supply matcher 12.
As shown in fig. 5, the vacuum chamber 4 is a stainless steel cylinder, and a first flange is disposed at one end of the vacuum chamber for matching with the flange 28 on the cooling liquid guide pipe 3, so as to achieve the sealing connection between the cooling liquid guide pipe 3 and the vacuum chamber 4; the other end is provided with a second flange which is used for matching with the ion source chassis 33 to realize the sealing connection of the D + ion source and the vacuum cavity 4; the first flange and the flange plate 28 and the second flange and the ion source chassis 33 are connected through screws and sealed by using sealing rings;
the vacuum pump further comprises a straight pipe type stainless steel third flange 8 vertically welded on the side wall of the vacuum cavity 4, one end of the third flange 8 is communicated with the vacuum cavity 4, and the other end of the third flange is hermetically connected with a molecular pump unit 9, so that the molecular pump unit 9 can vacuumize the vacuum cavity 4; the port where the third flange 8 and the molecular pump unit 9 are connected is of an international standard ISO63 type, connection is realized through a C-shaped card, and sealing is realized through a rubber sealing ring;
the vacuum measuring tube 10 is welded on the third flange 8 and is connected with a vacuum gauge 20 to measure the vacuum degree of the vacuum cavity 4; set up the fourth flange on the third flange 8, vacuum measurement pipe 10 passes through the sealed setting of fourth flange on third flange 8, and the fourth flange is KF40 quick-connect flange.
The inner diameter of the cavity and the end surface of the vacuum cavity 4 is 95mm, and the outer diameter is 100 mm; the outer diameters of the flange 28, the ion source chassis 33, the first flange and the second flange are all 130mm, and the length of the vacuum chamber 4 is 300 mm; the third flange 8 is connected to the side wall near one end of the first flange of the vacuum chamber 4 at a distance of 130mm from the first flange, and the length of the third flange 8 is 100 mm.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the top of the main body case 1 is further provided with a plurality of heat dissipation holes 15, and the lower end of the main body case 1 is further provided with a molecular pump power jack 14 and a molecular pump exhaust hole 16; a strip-shaped groove is formed on one side of the main body case 1 and is a gap bridge notch of the high-voltage wire 7, the first guide pipe 69 and the second guide pipe 70
The pumping speed of the molecular pump unit 9 is 40L/m, and an interface adopts an ISO63 international standard interface.
The accelerating high-voltage power supply 24 adopts a box-type high-voltage power supply of-150 kV/10mA, and a high-voltage output line (namely, a high-voltage line 7) of the accelerating high-voltage power supply is connected with a high-voltage connector 40 of the main body part.
The control system adopts a computer to carry out remote control, a control program is compiled by C #, the control of the whole system has two modes, one mode is a maintenance mode and is used for a developer to diagnose and debug the system; the other mode is an operation mode, and a one-key start-stop mode is adopted, so that the use by a user is facilitated. In the operation process, the system parameters can be saved and called at any time.
The circulation cooler 25 was a 500W small circulation cooler model CA 120.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
neutrons are generated from the target sheet 58 of the target electrode 29, and the working principle is as follows: in the running state, the molecular pump unit 9 vacuumizes the vacuum cavity 4 to 10-3Pa above magnitude, loading high voltage of about-90 kV on the target electrode 29 through a high voltage input module, inputting deuterium gas with a certain pressure into the discharge tube 5 through the gas flow controller 32, feeding high-frequency power (high-frequency electric field) into the capacitive coupling ring 38 through the radio frequency power supply 22, ionizing the deuterium gas in the discharge tube 5, making free electrons in the discharge tube 5 reciprocate under the action of the electric field to obtain the probability of collision with gas molecules in the tube, simultaneously changing the electron motion into reciprocating spiral motion due to the existence of an axial magnetic field, increasing the probability of collision between electrons and gas molecules, stripping off the electrons at the periphery of atoms to ionize the electrons to generate D +, simultaneously generating more electrons, ionizing the generated electrons to ionize the gas again, after a certain time of ionization process, ionizing the gas to reach balance and gradually form D + plasma, and forming a plasma surface above the leading-out structure 35, after positive direct current high voltage is loaded to the anode probe 31 by the anode power supply 21 (high voltage power supply), D + generated by ionization is led out to the vacuum cavity 4 at the rear end of the ion source chassis 33 from the pore channel of the leading-out structure 35 under the action of an electric field formed between the anode probe 31 and the leading-out structure 35, D + beam current is accelerated to improve energy under the action of the electric field, and then targeting is carried out to generate D-D or D-T nuclear reaction to generate neutrons. Target sheet 58 being a deuterium target will produce 2.5MeV neutronsTarget sheet 58, being a tritium target, will produce 14MeV neutrons.
The cooling liquid is guided into the cooling liquid input pipe 44 from the outlet of the circulating cooling machine 25, flows into the inner pipe 47 and then is sprayed to the back surface of the target sheet 58, the cooling liquid flows back to the circulating flow channel between the inner pipe 47 and the outer pipe 46 after filling the target substrate inner cavity 59, enters the first conduit 69 through the cooling liquid output pipe 45 and is conveyed to the interlayer 34, the leading-out structure 35 is cooled, and then is conveyed to the inlet of the circulating cooling machine 25 through the second conduit 70 and flows back into the circulating cooling machine 25, so that a cooling liquid loop is formed. The total thickness of the quartz glass tube constituting the cooling liquid flow guide tube 3 is 5mm (the sum of the wall thicknesses of the outer tube 46 and the inner tube 47), the thickness of the cooling liquid layer is 3mm, and the breakdown voltage of both the cooling liquid and the quartz glass tube can reach 30kV/mm, so that the bulk breakdown voltage of the cooling liquid flow guide tube 3 can reach more than 200 kV.
The device according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments according to the technical solutions of the present invention, and also belong to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A portable neutron generator, characterized by: the device comprises a D + ion source and a straight-tube cooling liquid guide tube (3) which are arranged in a main case (1) made of stainless steel, wherein the top end of the cooling liquid guide tube (3) is provided with a high-voltage input module, and the tail end of the cooling liquid guide tube is provided with a target electrode (29); the device also comprises a straight-tube-shaped vacuum cavity (4), one end of the vacuum cavity (4) is hermetically connected with the tail end of the cooling liquid guide tube (3), the other end of the vacuum cavity is hermetically connected with the tail end of the D + ion source, and the target electrode (29) is positioned in the vacuum cavity (4); the device also comprises a molecular pump unit (9) for vacuumizing the vacuum cavity (4); the high-voltage input module provides high voltage electricity for the target electrode (29), the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) provides cooling for the target electrode (29), and the D + ion source emits a D + ion beam to the target electrode (29) so that neutrons are generated on the target electrode (29); the main machine case (1) is provided with a portable handle (2) to realize portable movement of the main machine case (1).
2. The portable neutron generator of claim 1, wherein:
the outer part of the target electrode (29) is a smooth outer shell, a target sheet (58) is arranged in the target electrode, and a circulating flow passage capable of passing through cooling liquid is arranged in the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) and used for refrigerating the target sheet (58); the high-voltage input module provides high-voltage electricity to the target electrode (29) through a high-voltage connecting rod (51) penetrating through the cooling liquid guide pipe (3);
the device comprises a vacuum gauge (20), an anode power supply (21), a radio frequency power supply (22), a distribution box (23), an accelerating high-voltage power supply (24) and a circulating cooling machine (25), wherein the vacuum gauge (20), the anode power supply (21), the radio frequency power supply (22), the distribution box (23) and the circulating cooling machine (25) are arranged in an accessory cabinet (26), the accelerating high-voltage power supply (24) is used for providing high-voltage electricity for the high-voltage input module, the circulating cooling machine (25) is used for providing circulating cooling liquid for the cooling liquid guide pipe (3), the radio frequency power supply (22) is used for providing power for the D + ion source, the vacuum gauge (20) is used for measuring the vacuum degree in the vacuum cavity (4), and the; the accessory cabinet (26) also comprises a control system for controlling the operation of the acceleration high-voltage power supply (24), the circulating cooler (25), the radio-frequency power supply (22), the vacuum gauge (20), the anode power supply (21), the distribution box (23) and the molecular pump unit (9), and the control system is remotely controlled by a computer;
the accessory cabinet (26) adopts a table type cabinet; the vacuum gauge (20), the anode power supply (21), the radio frequency power supply (22), the distribution box (23), the acceleration high-voltage power supply (24) and the circulating cooler (25) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom;
a high-voltage wire (7), an ion source power supply cable, a first cooling liquid conveying pipe, a second cooling liquid conveying pipe and an ion source leading-out cable are connected between the main body case (1) and the accessory cabinet (26); the circulating cooler (25) is connected with the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) through the first cooling liquid conveying pipe and is connected with the D + ion source through the second cooling liquid conveying pipe; the radio frequency power supply (22) is connected with the D + ion source through the ion source power supply cable; the accelerating high-voltage power supply (24) is connected with the high-voltage input module through the high-voltage wire (7).
3. The portable neutron generator of claim 2, wherein:
the target electrode (29) comprises a cylindrical outer shell which is composed of a target base (54) and an electrode (55) and has a smooth appearance, and a target sheet (58) which is arranged on the target base (54) and is positioned in the outer shell, wherein a cooling liquid channel (63) is arranged on the target base (54), and a beam current channel (64) is arranged on the electrode (55);
the target base (54) is made of copper materials and is cylindrical, one end of the target base is provided with the cooling liquid channel (63), the other end of the target base is provided with an inclined plane (56) provided with a target sheet opening (57), and a target base inner cavity (59) is formed between the inclined plane (56) and the cooling liquid channel (63); one end of the cooling liquid channel (63) positioned on the outer shell is an arc-shaped opening, and the surface of the cooling liquid channel is smooth and has no sharp edges; the electrode (55) is a stainless steel cylinder, one end of the electrode is provided with the beam current channel (64) which is an arc-shaped opening with a smooth surface and no sharp corner, and the other end of the electrode is provided with an opening with internal threads and is connected with the target base (54) through threads;
the target sheet (58) is arranged on the target sheet opening (57) in a sealing mode, and the target sheet (58) is connected with the inclined surface (56) in an insulating and sealing mode;
the edge of one side of the target sheet opening (57) facing the beam current channel (64) is provided with a groove, and the target sheet (58) is arranged in the groove; a fourth sealing ring (67) is arranged between the target sheet (58) and the groove, the target sheet (58) is pressed on the fourth sealing ring (67) through a pressing ring (65), and the target sheet (58) is in insulating sealing connection with the inclined plane (56);
the tail end of the high-pressure connecting rod (51) extends into the target base inner cavity (59) through the cooling liquid channel (63), and the tail end of the high-pressure connecting rod (51) is L-shaped and is connected to the side wall of the target base (54); the high-pressure connecting rod (51) is made of stainless steel; the top end of the high-voltage connecting rod (51) is provided with a high-voltage connector (40) used for connecting high-voltage electricity, and the high-voltage connector (40) extends out of the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe (3); the high-voltage connector (40) is made of copper;
further comprising a resistor (60) connected between the pressure ring (65) and the target base (54);
still including setting up a pair of first permanent magnet (61) in electrode (55), magnetic field intensity is 200 gauss, first permanent magnet (61) are the rectangle thin slice, set up through iron sheet support (62) in electrode (55), are located inclined plane (56) with position between beam current passageway (64), the N utmost point and the S utmost point of first permanent magnet (61) set up relatively.
4. The portable neutron generator of claim 3, wherein:
the fourth sealing ring (67) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the thickness of the fourth sealing ring is larger than the depth of the groove; the inclined plane (56) is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the pressing ring (65) is connected with the inclined plane (56) through screws (66) and the threaded holes, and bakelite insulating sleeves (68) are sleeved on the peripheries of the screws (66);
the target sheet (58) is a disc-shaped molybdenum sheet, the diameter of the target sheet is smaller than that of the groove, and one surface of the target sheet (58) is plated with titanium and then adsorbs deuterium or tritium to form a deuterium target or a tritium target;
clamping ring (65) are stainless steel rings, the outer diameter with target piece (58) constant diameter, the inner diameter is greater than the active area of target piece (58), the anchor ring of clamping ring (65) is equipped with and is used for installing the screw through-hole of screw (66).
5. The portable neutron generator of claim 3, wherein:
the high-voltage input module comprises a cylindrical insulator (41) with the high-voltage wire (7) arranged inside, and the insulator (41) is hermetically connected with an insulating layer outside the high-voltage wire (7); the insulator (41) is arranged at the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe (3); the high-voltage connector (40) is arranged in the insulator (41) and connected with the high-voltage wire (7), and the insulator (41) is in sealing connection with the high-voltage connector (40); a convex ring is arranged on the periphery of the insulator (41) and used for plugging the top end of the cooling liquid guide pipe (3); the insulator (41) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
6. The portable neutron generator of claim 5, wherein:
the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) comprises an outer pipe (46) and an inner pipe (47) arranged in the outer pipe (46), the top end of the inner pipe (47) is positioned inside the outer pipe (46), and the space between the inner wall of the outer pipe (46) and the outer wall of the inner pipe (47) and the inner space of the inner pipe (47) jointly form the circulating flow channel; the outer wall of the top end of the inner tube (47) is connected with the inner wall of the outer tube (46) in a sealing mode, the tail ends of the inner tube (47) and the outer tube (46) are arranged on the target electrode (29), and the outer tube (46) is connected with the target electrode (29) in a sealing mode and used for supporting the target electrode (29); the outer tube (46) and the inner tube (47) are made of quartz glass;
the tail end of the outer pipe (46) is arranged in the cooling liquid channel (63), and the outer wall of the opening at the tail end of the outer pipe (46) is in sealing connection with the cooling liquid channel (63); the opening of the tail end of the inner tube (47) extends into the target base inner cavity (59);
the main body of the high-pressure connecting rod (51) penetrates through the inner pipe (47);
the insulation device further comprises an insulation external thread ring (43) arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the outer pipe (46), and an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the insulation external thread ring (43);
the first gland (27) is used for matching with the external thread of the insulating external thread ring (43) and the convex ring of the insulator (41) to press the insulator (41) on the top end of the outer pipe (46);
the first sealing ring (42) is arranged between the first gland (27) and the insulating external thread ring (43) and is used for realizing sealing between the first gland (27) and the insulating external thread ring (43);
the cooling liquid inlet pipe (44) is arranged, one end of an outlet of the cooling liquid inlet pipe (44) penetrates through the side wall of the outer pipe (46) to be communicated with the inner pipe (47), one end of an inlet of the cooling liquid inlet pipe (44) is connected with an outlet of the circulating cooler (25) through the first cooling liquid conveying pipe, and the cooling liquid inlet pipe (44) is in sealing connection with the side wall of the outer pipe (46); the cooling system also comprises a cooling liquid output pipe (45), wherein one end of an inlet of the cooling liquid output pipe (45) is communicated with the outer pipe (46), and one end of an outlet of the cooling liquid output pipe is used for discharging the cooling liquid;
the cooling liquid input pipe (44) and the cooling liquid output pipe (45) are arranged at positions close to the top end of the inner pipe (47), and the cooling liquid input pipe (44) and the cooling liquid output pipe (45) are perpendicular to the outer pipe (46) and are oppositely positioned at two sides of the outer pipe (46);
a flange plate (28) is arranged on the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) and is used for being in sealing connection with the vacuum cavity (4), and the flange plate (28) is made of stainless steel; the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) is arranged on the circle center of the flange plate (28) in a penetrating manner through an upper pressure ring (48) and a lower pressure ring (50); the upper pressure ring (48) and the lower pressure ring (50) are sleeved on the outer surface of the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) and are pressed on the flange plate (28) through a second pressing cover (49), and the second pressing cover (49) is connected with the flange plate (28) through threads; go up clamping ring (48) with set up second sealing washer (52) between clamping ring (50) down, clamping ring (50) down with set up third sealing washer (53) between ring flange (28), through second sealing washer (52) with third sealing washer (53) are realized coolant liquid honeycomb duct (3) with seal between ring flange (28).
7. The portable neutron generator of claim 6, wherein:
the first pressing cover (27), the upper pressing ring (48) and the lower pressing ring (50) are made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the insulating external thread ring (43) is made of organic glass, and the second pressing cover (49) is made of stainless steel; the cooling liquid input pipe (44) and the cooling liquid output pipe (45) are made of quartz glass, and the cooling liquid is fluorinated liquid.
8. The portable neutron generator of claim 7, wherein:
the D + ion source comprises a discharge tube (5) with a tail end provided with a leading-out structure (35) and a top end connected with a deuterium gas steel cylinder (11), the discharge tube (5) is arranged in a shielding box (72), the tail end of the discharge tube (5) is provided with a disc-shaped ion source chassis (33), the leading-out structure (35) is positioned in the center of the ion source chassis (33), is positioned in the vacuum cavity (4) and is opposite to the beam current channel (64) of the target electrode (29); the device also comprises a capacitive coupling ring (38) sleeved on the outer surface of the discharge tube (5) and an anode probe (31) arranged at the top end of the discharge tube (5); the anode power supply (21) is connected with the anode probe (31) through the ion source leading-out cable, and the anode power supply (21) is used for supplying power to the anode probe (31) and is used for leading out D + ions in the D + ion source;
the lead-out structure (35) is positioned on the axis of the discharge tube (5) and consists of an aluminum electrode and a quartz sleeve, the aluminum electrode is a cylinder with a round hole in the center, and the round hole is a beam lead-out pore channel; the quartz sleeve is sleeved outside the aluminum electrode.
9. The portable neutron generator of claim 8, wherein:
the ion source chassis (33) is made of stainless steel, one side of the ion source chassis (33) is connected with the tail end of the discharge tube (5) through a third gland (39) and a pressing sheet, and the third gland (39) is in threaded connection with the ion source chassis (33); a fifth sealing ring (37) is arranged at the tail end of the discharge tube (5), and the discharge tube (5) and the ion source chassis (33) are sealed under the action of the third gland (39) and the pressing sheet; the other side of the ion source chassis (33) is used for being connected with the vacuum cavity (4); the ion source chassis (33) is internally provided with a circular interlayer (34) which is provided with a first conduit (69) and a second conduit (70) communicated with the interlayer (34); the first conduit (69) is connected with one end of the outlet of the cooling liquid output pipe (45) and is used for guiding the cooling liquid into the interlayer (34) and cooling the leading-out structure (35); the second conduit (70) is connected to the inlet of the recirculation cooler (25) by the second coolant conveying pipe, for returning the coolant to the recirculation cooler (25);
the discharge tube (5) is made of high-purity quartz glass, the tail end of the discharge tube (5) is flat, a round hole is formed in the center of the tail end, and the round hole is used for being sleeved on the quartz sleeve of the leading-out structure (35); an air inlet pipe (30) is arranged at the top end of the discharge tube (5), and the air inlet pipe (30) is connected with the deuterium gas steel cylinder (11) through a vacuum rubber tube and used for inputting deuterium gas into the discharge tube (5); the anode probe (31) is arranged at the center of the top end of the discharge tube (5), is connected with the anode power supply (21) and is used for loading an extraction voltage; the anode probe (31) is made of a tungsten rod;
a gas flow controller (32) is further arranged between the gas inlet pipe (30) and the deuterium gas steel cylinder (11), the gas flow controller (32) controls the gas flow by adopting a needle valve, and two ends of the gas flow controller (32) are respectively connected with the deuterium gas steel cylinder (11) and the gas inlet pipe (30) of the discharge tube (5) by using the vacuum rubber tube; the deuterium gas steel cylinder (11) is provided with a gas pressure gauge, and the deuterium gas steel cylinder (11) is arranged outside the main case (1) through a clamping band (13) and is positioned below the discharge tube (5);
the gas flow controller (32) is controlled by the control system.
10. The portable neutron generator of claim 8, wherein:
the capacitive coupling ring (38) is two copper rings with the same size, is separately sleeved on the outer surface of the discharge tube (5), and further comprises a radio frequency power supply matcher (12) connected with the capacitive coupling ring (38); the radio frequency power supply matcher (12) is arranged in the main body case (1) and is positioned below the discharge tube (5), and the radio frequency power supply (22) feeds power into the discharge tube (5) through the radio frequency power supply matcher (12) and the capacitive coupling ring (38);
the main body case (1) is also provided with a matcher and radio frequency power supply wiring terminal (17), an ion source anode wiring terminal (18) and an ion source air inlet pipe bridging hole (19), and the matcher and radio frequency power supply wiring terminal (17) is connected with the ion source power supply cable and used for connecting the radio frequency power supply matcher (12) and the radio frequency power supply (22); the ion source anode wiring terminal (18) is connected with the anode power supply (21) and used for supplying power to the anode probe (31); the ion source air inlet pipe bridge hole (19) is used for the installation and the passing of the vacuum rubber pipe;
the discharge tube (5) is sleeved with an annular second permanent magnet (36), and the second permanent magnet (36) is arranged in the main machine case (1) and close to the tail end of the discharge tube (5) and is used for generating an axial magnetic field;
the device also comprises a fan (6) arranged on the main body case (1) and used for cooling the discharge tube (5) and the radio frequency power supply matcher (12).
11. The portable neutron generator of claim 9, wherein:
the vacuum cavity (4) is a stainless steel cylinder, and one end of the vacuum cavity is provided with a first flange which is used for being matched with the flange plate (28) on the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) to realize the sealing connection of the cooling liquid guide pipe (3) and the vacuum cavity (4); the other end of the ion source is provided with a second flange which is used for being matched with the ion source chassis (33) to realize the sealing connection of the D + ion source and the vacuum cavity (4); the first flange and the flange plate (28) and the second flange and the ion source chassis (33) are connected through screws and sealed by using sealing rings;
the vacuum pump further comprises a straight pipe type stainless steel third flange (8) vertically arranged on the side wall of the vacuum cavity (4), one end of the third flange (8) is communicated with the vacuum cavity (4), and the other end of the third flange is hermetically connected with the molecular pump unit (9), so that the vacuum pumping of the vacuum cavity (4) by the molecular pump unit (9) is realized; the port where the third flange (8) is connected with the molecular pump unit (9) is of an international standard ISO63 type, connection is realized through a C-shaped card, and sealing is realized through a rubber sealing ring;
the vacuum measuring pipe (10) is arranged on the third flange (8) and is connected with the vacuum gauge (20) to measure the vacuum degree of the vacuum cavity (4); set up the fourth flange on third flange (8), vacuum measurement pipe (10) pass through the fourth flange is sealed to be set up on third flange (8), the fourth flange is for connecing the flange soon.
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