CN111640931A - Preparation method of lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a magnesium element doped precursor by a carbonate coprecipitation method: dissolving nickel salt, manganese salt and magnesium salt in water to obtain mixed metal salt solution, adding the mixed metal salt solution and precipitant solution into a reaction kettle respectively, adjusting the pH value by a complexing agent, reacting for 24-120h to generate precipitate, washing, drying, crushing and sieving the precipitate to obtain a precursor [ Ni ]0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1]0.91CO3(ii) a S2, mixing and calcining the precursor and a lithium source: fully grinding and mixing the precursor and a lithium source, and sintering to obtain the anode material Li1.4Ni0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1O2. The micro-morphology of the secondary particles of the obtained anode material is spherical, the lithium-rich manganese-based anode material with the structure improves the structural stability, and the compaction density of a voltage platform and the material is improved, so that the voltage drop is reduced, and the cycle performance is improved. The battery assembled by the lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material is effectively improved in reversible capacity, discharge capacity and cycling stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical energy storage and new energy, in particular to a preparation method of a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material.
Background
At present, the development of electric automobiles faces two main problems of short driving range and poor safety, and the large-scale popularization and application of the electric automobiles are restricted. The most direct and effective method for solving the problems is to adopt the positive and negative electrode active materials of the battery with high energy density.
The most competitive lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material attracts people's attention, and the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material xLi with a layered structure2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2(M ═ Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, etc.), is a lithium ion battery anode material with development potential, and has received extensive attention and research from scientific research institutes and industrial circles because of its advantages of high specific capacity (reversible capacity is greater than 250 mAh/g), low cost, environmental protection, high safety, etc.
However, the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material still faces many fundamental problems, of which the first time low coulombic efficiency, severe voltage drop, poor rate capability, and the like are major problems. Therefore, in order to realize the industrialization of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material, attention has been paid mainly to improvement of structural stability, first coulombic efficiency, rate capability, and the like of the material. Aiming at the problem of the lithium-rich manganese-based anode material, researchers make a great deal of research work, and the research work mainly comprises doping modification, surface coating modification, active particle nanocrystallization modification and the like in the aspect of material structure design.
The products and preparation methods of the currently reported layered lithium-rich manganese-based anode materials still need to be further improved, for example, the material preparation process is complex, the operation procedure is complex, and the yield is low; the product has poor structural stability, low cycle stability and rate capability of electrochemical charge and discharge test, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the preparation method of the lithium-rich manganese-based anode material, which has the advantages of simple preparation method and stable structure of the obtained product, and the micro morphology of the secondary particles of the obtained anode material is spherical, so that the lithium-rich manganese-based anode material with the structure improves the stability of the structure, and the compaction density of a voltage platform and the material is improved, thereby reducing the voltage drop and improving the cycle performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a magnesium element doped precursor by a carbonate coprecipitation method: dissolving nickel salt, manganese salt and magnesium salt in water to obtain mixed metal salt solution, adding the mixed metal salt solution and precipitant solution into a reaction kettle respectively, adjusting the pH value by a complexing agent, reacting for 24-120h to generate precipitate, washing, drying, crushing and sieving the precipitate to obtain a precursor [ Ni ]0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1]0.91CO3；
S2, mixing and calcining the precursor and a lithium source: fully grinding and mixing the precursor and a lithium source, and sintering to obtain the anode material Li1.4Ni0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1O2。
By adopting the technical scheme, the layered lithium-rich manganese-based anode material disclosed by the invention adopts a carbonate coprecipitation method to prepare a magnesium element doped precursor, and the doped element magnesium is subjected to coprecipitation reaction in the form of soluble metal salt and is uniformly distributed in the precursor component, so that atomic-level doping is achieved, and the consistency and stability of the anode material are improved. The lithium-rich manganese-based anode material prepared by the method has controllable granularity and appearance and uniform particle size distribution.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, the magnesium element doped precursor synthesized by coprecipitation reaction does not need a complex pre-sintering pretreatment process, the process cost is greatly reduced, and the process operation is simplified. The micro-morphology of the secondary particles of the obtained anode material is spherical, the lithium-rich manganese-based anode material with the structure improves the structural stability, and the compaction density of a voltage platform and the material is improved, so that the voltage drop is reduced, and the cycle performance is improved. The battery assembled by the lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material is effectively improved in reversible capacity, discharge capacity and cycling stability.
Further, the nickel salt, the manganese salt and the magnesium salt are all soluble salts and are one or more of sulfate, nitrate, acetate and chloride.
By adopting the technical scheme and the soluble salt, the efficiency of the precipitation reaction is ensured.
Further, the molar ratio of the nickel salt, the manganese salt and the magnesium salt is 0.25: 0.75: 0.1, and the total concentration of metal ions is 1-3 mol/L.
By adopting the technical scheme and the proportion, the stability and consistency of the components of the precursor can be improved.
Further, the precipitant is sodium carbonate and/or sodium hydroxide, and the concentration of the precipitant is the same as that of the metal ions.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sufficiency of the reaction is ensured.
Further, the complexing agent is ammonia water and/or ammonium bicarbonate, and the concentration of the complexing agent is 0.2-1 mol/L.
By adopting the technical scheme, the system can be fully complexed.
Further, the temperature of the water bath in the reaction kettle is 40-70 ℃, the stirring speed is 400-900rpm, the pH value is 7-9, the aging is carried out for 6-12h, and the washed precipitate is dried for 10-24h at the temperature of 80-120 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the reaction is sufficient.
Furthermore, the temperature rise rate of the sintering is 2-10 ℃/min, the pre-sintering is carried out for 5-10h at the temperature of 400-700 ℃, and then the calcination is carried out for 10-18h at the temperature of 750-1000 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme and the sintering scheme, the consistency and stability of the anode material are ensured.
Further, the lithium source is mixed with the precursor in an excess of 0 to 15% in proportion to the final product.
By adopting the technical scheme, the electrochemical performance of the cathode material can be further improved by mixing the excessive lithium source.
Further, the lithium source adopts one or more of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate and lithium nitrate.
By adopting the technical scheme, a lithium source is provided for the anode material.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the layered lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material disclosed by the invention adopts a carbonate coprecipitation method to prepare a magnesium element doped precursor, and the doped element magnesium is subjected to coprecipitation reaction in the form of soluble metal salt and is uniformly distributed in the precursor component, so that atomic-level doping is achieved, and the consistency and stability of the cathode material are improved. The lithium-rich manganese-based anode material prepared by the method has controllable granularity and appearance and uniform particle size distribution.
2. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, the magnesium element doped precursor synthesized by coprecipitation reaction does not need a complex pre-sintering pretreatment process, the process cost is greatly reduced, and the process operation is simplified. The micro-morphology of the secondary particles of the obtained anode material is spherical, the lithium-rich manganese-based anode material with the structure improves the structural stability, and the compaction density of a voltage platform and the material is improved, so that the voltage drop is reduced, and the cycle performance is improved.
3. The battery assembled by the lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material is effectively improved in reversible capacity, discharge capacity and cycling stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material precursor prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material prepared in example 2 with 0% excess of lithium carbonate;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material prepared in example 3 with 5% excess of lithium carbonate;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material prepared in example 4 with 10% excess of lithium carbonate;
fig. 5 is a comparison graph of the first charge and discharge curves at 0.1C (1C =250mA g-1) for the layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode sheets prepared in examples 2-4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
Examples
Example 1
The preparation method of the magnesium element doped precursor by adopting a carbonate coprecipitation method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing nickel sulfate, manganese sulfate and magnesium sulfate according to the molar ratio of nickel ions to manganese ions to magnesium ions of 0.25: 0.75: 0.1 dissolving in water to prepare a mixed metal salt solution, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 2 mol/L;
s2, adding deionized water as a base solution into a reaction kettle with ammonia water to adjust the pH = 8;
s3, adding a metal salt solution, a 2mol/L sodium carbonate solution and 0.3mol/L ammonia water into a reaction kettle in a parallel flow manner by adopting a peristaltic pump, wherein the feeding rate of the peristaltic pump is 500ml/h, the water bath temperature of the reaction kettle is controlled at 60 ℃, the stirring speed in the reaction process is 600rpm, and the aging is continued for 10h after the precipitation reaction is completed to obtain a precipitation precursor;
s4, filtering, washing and precipitating with deionized water until no sulfate ion remains, drying in vacuum for 10h, pulverizing and sieving to obtain precursor [ Ni ]0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1]0.91CO3；
The nickel sulfate, manganese sulfate and magnesium sulfate may also be one or more of soluble salts such as sulfate, nitrate, acetate and chloride, and sulfate is preferred in this embodiment.
Sodium carbonate is used as a precipitant, and the precipitant can also be one or a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
The ammonia water is used as a complexing agent, and the complexing agent can also be one or a mixture of the ammonia water and the ammonium bicarbonate.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a scanning electron microscope image of the precursor prepared in this embodiment, the shape, the size and the distribution of the secondary spherical particles of the precursor are uniform.
Example 2
Preparing a magnesium element doped lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material:
harvesting the fruitThe precursor of example 1 and lithium carbonate in excess (i.e., 0% excess) were thoroughly ground and mixed in a mortar, placed in a magnetic boat, calcined in a muffle furnace under an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature rise rate of 3 ℃/min, calcined at 500 ℃ for 6 hours, and then calcined at 850 ℃ for 12 hours. After sintering, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the uniform layered lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material Li with spherical secondary particles1.4Ni0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1O2。
The lithium carbonate is used as a lithium source, and the lithium source can also be one or more of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate and lithium nitrate.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material without excess lithium carbonate prepared in example 2, wherein the sintered target material is in a state of secondary spherical particles with uniform size of about 8 μm, the secondary spherical particles are distributed closely, and the primary particles are in a sheet-like size distribution with uniform size and are about 100-200 nm.
Example 3
Preparing a magnesium element doped lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material:
the precursor in example 1 and 5% excessive lithium carbonate are fully ground and mixed in a mortar, the mixture is placed in a magnetic boat and is roasted in a muffle furnace in an oxygen atmosphere, the temperature rise speed is 3 ℃/min, the mixture is presintered at 500 ℃ for 6h, and then the mixture is calcined at 850 ℃ for 12 h. After sintering, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the uniform layered lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material Li with spherical secondary particles1.4Ni0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1O2。
The lithium carbonate is used as a lithium source, and the lithium source can also be one or more of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate and lithium nitrate.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material prepared in example 3, in which lithium carbonate is 5% in excess, and the sintered target material is in a state of secondary spherical particles with uniform size of about 8 μm, and is distributed closely, and the primary particles are in a size distribution of flakes with uniform size, and are about 100 to 200 nm.
Example 4
Preparing a magnesium element doped lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material:
the precursor in example 1 and lithium carbonate with 10% excess are fully ground and mixed in a mortar, the mixture is placed in a magnetic boat and is roasted in a muffle furnace in an oxygen atmosphere, the temperature rise speed is 3 ℃/min, the mixture is presintered for 6h at 500 ℃, and then the mixture is calcined for 12h at 850 ℃. After sintering, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the uniform layered lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material Li with spherical secondary particles1.4Ni0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1O2。
The lithium carbonate is used as a lithium source, and the lithium source can also be one or more of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate and lithium nitrate.
Fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material prepared in example 4, in which lithium carbonate is excessive by 10%, the sintered target material is in a state of secondary spherical particles with uniform size of about 8 μm, the secondary spherical particles are distributed tightly, and the primary particles are in a sheet-like size distribution with uniform size, and the size distribution is about 100-200 nm.
Performance test
And (3) testing the charge and discharge performance: the layered lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode sheets prepared in examples 2 to 4 were first charged and discharged at 0.1C (1C =250 mA/g). The comparison graph of the charging and discharging curves is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from the graph that the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material with 5% excess lithium carbonate has good electrochemical performance, the first charging and discharging polarization is relatively small, the capacity exertion ratio is relatively high, and the first discharge point capacity reaches 270.3 mAh/g.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing a magnesium element doped precursor by a carbonate coprecipitation method: dissolving nickel salt, manganese salt and magnesium salt in water to obtain mixed metal salt solutionRespectively putting the solution and precipitant solution into a reaction kettle, adjusting pH value by complexing agent, reacting for 24-120h to generate precipitate, washing, drying, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain precursor [ Ni ]0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1]0.91CO3；
S2, mixing and calcining the precursor and a lithium source: fully grinding and mixing the precursor and a lithium source, and sintering to obtain the anode material Li1.4Ni0.25Mn0.75Mg0.1O2。
2. The method for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein: the nickel salt, the manganese salt and the magnesium salt are soluble salts and are one or more of sulfate, nitrate, acetate and chloride.
3. The method for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of the nickel salt to the manganese salt to the magnesium salt is 0.25: 0.75: 0.1, and the total concentration of metal ions is 1-3 mol/L.
4. The method for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 2, wherein: the precipitant is sodium carbonate and/or sodium hydroxide, and the concentration of the precipitant is the same as that of the metal ions.
5. The method for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein: the complexing agent is ammonia water and/or ammonium bicarbonate, and the concentration of the complexing agent is 0.2-1 mol/L.
6. The method for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the water bath in the reaction kettle is 40-70 ℃, the stirring speed is 400-900rpm, the pH value is 7-9, the aging is carried out for 6-12h, and the washed precipitate is dried for 10-24h at the temperature of 80-120 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature rise rate of the sintering is 2-10 ℃/min, the pre-sintering is carried out for 5-10h at the temperature of 400-700 ℃, and then the calcination is carried out for 10-18h at the temperature of 750-1000 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein: the lithium source is mixed with the precursor in an excess of 0-15% based on the proportion of the final product.
9. The method for preparing the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein: the lithium source adopts one or more of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate and lithium nitrate.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113120972A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-16 | 安徽博石高科新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of lithium-rich manganese-based material |
| CN113231054A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-08-10 | 厦门大学 | Multi-metal material and multi-metal oxygen-containing material for electron beam sewage treatment and preparation method thereof |
| CN113299902A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-24 | 南开大学 | Preparation of concentration gradient magnesium-doped lithium-rich manganese-based oxide positive electrode material and application of concentration gradient magnesium-doped lithium-rich manganese-based oxide positive electrode material in lithium battery |
| CN113666424A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-11-19 | 南通金通储能动力新材料有限公司 | Precursor of sodium ion battery anode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113735197A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2021-12-03 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Synthetic method for improving voltage drop of positive electrode material, positive electrode material and application |
| CN114649526A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-21 | 北京理工大学 | Lithium-rich manganese-based layered material with high inner part and low outer part gradient doping and preparation method thereof |
| CN114665086A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-06-24 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115924997A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-04-07 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Lanthanum-magnesium co-doped lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114649526B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-11-28 | 北京理工大学 | Inner-high-outer low-gradient doped lithium-rich manganese-based layered material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115924997A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-04-07 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Lanthanum-magnesium co-doped lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200908 |