CN111635648B - 一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂及其制备与应用 - Google Patents

一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂及其制备与应用 Download PDF

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CN111635648B
CN111635648B CN202010522914.XA CN202010522914A CN111635648B CN 111635648 B CN111635648 B CN 111635648B CN 202010522914 A CN202010522914 A CN 202010522914A CN 111635648 B CN111635648 B CN 111635648B
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degradation
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water
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CN111635648A (zh
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刘海露
陈骏佳
谢东
沈华艳
李发勇
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Institute of Bioengineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Guangdong Institute of Bioengineering Guangzhou Cane Sugar Industry Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明属于生物降解材料技术领域，公开了一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂及其制备方法与应用。本发明的降解促进剂的层层包覆制备方法，包括以下步骤：以水溶性的纤维素醚水溶液为水相，非水溶性的纤维素醚乙醇溶液为乙醇相；将助剂、无机多孔材料加入水中混合均匀，得到核相；往核相中加入水相，搅拌均匀进行一次包衣，再加入乙醇相，搅拌均匀进行二次包衣；依次重复加入水相和乙醇相，得到层层包衣的降解促进剂；所述的助剂为酸碱剂。本发明方法制备得到的降解促进剂，可实现酸碱剂等降解促进助剂的有效包覆及层层释放，可降解几乎所有类型的生物降解树脂，在塑料包装、医疗、农业、汽车、电子行业、日用品等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂及其制备与应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物降解材料技术领域，特别涉及一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
聚乳酸以淀粉等再生资源为原料制备得到，其最终完全生物降解产物为二氧化碳和水，具有良好的生物相容性、降解性及可吸收性。目前，聚乳酸复合材料广泛应用于包装、农业、餐具、医用和日用品等领域。但聚乳酸制品降解过程受多种因素综合影响，降解可控性影响产品适用范围和环境效应，其使用后快速降解性、可控降解性等还需进一步的提高和完善。
现有技术中，在聚乳酸复合材料中添加降解促进剂是常见的手段。东洋制罐株式会社报道了一种具有酯分解促进助剂作用的脂肪族聚酯，如聚草酸乙烯酯共混的包含生物降解性树脂，如聚乳酸的生物降解性树脂组合物(JPWO2008038648)，随后其团队在专利JP-A-2009-57408和CN103210043A中分别提出一种含有生物降解性树脂和碱性缓释颗粒的树脂组合物和可促进聚乙醇酸水解并包含无机粒子的酯分解促进助剂。该类酯分解促进助剂能促进难水解性生物降解性树脂本身的水解，但该分解促进助剂同时会快速降解PLA，对材料的耐久性存在影响。CN104788980A报道了一种由生物质粉状材料、黏合剂和复配催干剂以质量比1:0.6-0.8:0.03-0.13混合而成的可控生物降解材料，通过调节材料中尿素和等离子接枝玄武岩纤维的比例，实现生物降解的可控性能，材料中尿素所占比例越多，材料降解周期越短，通过对二者比例的调控，材料即具有不同降解周期。但该生物降解材料是将生物质粉体通过含醛的黏合剂复合而成，生产过程容易对环境造成污染，对工人身体造成威胁。同时，该材料制备过程加入大量的尿素，以此制备得到的育苗容器会造成不必要的浪费和“肥害”。CN109535670A报道了一种全降解仿真材料及其制备方法，全降解仿真材料包括PBAT、植物纤维粉、矿物粉、生物降解促进剂、润滑剂和抗氧剂。其中，生物降解促进剂为N-月桂酰谷氨酸、N-脂肪酰基谷氨酸、N-酰基-N-甲基丙氨酸中的一种或一种以上，可以在土壤中快速分解为自由基，促进PLA、PBAT和PCL分子链断裂，从而大大缩短基体树脂的降解时间，该类生物降解剂是一类表面活性剂，具有较好的发泡和洗涤能力，常作为日用化妆品原料使用，但由于其原料来源绝大多数依赖进口，价格昂贵，作为塑料添加剂生产成本高。
因此，迫切需要开发一种可直接添加于生物降解复合材料，既能保持复合材料的使用强度需求，又能调控降解效果及速率的降解剂。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术可降解材料降解速率较慢及周期较长的缺点与不足，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种降解促进剂的层层包覆制备方法。
本发明先通过纤维素类包衣层层包覆法制备降解促进剂，制备过程中可加入酸碱剂等各种助剂，得到层层结构中包覆各种助剂的降解促进剂。
本发明另一目的在于提供上述方法制备得到的降解促进剂。
本发明由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂由于层层结构能兼容各种助剂，可以降解几乎所有类型的生物降解树脂，具有广泛适用性。
本发明再一目的在于提供上述降解促进剂在塑料包装、医疗、农业、汽车、电子行业、日用品等领域中的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述方案实现：
一种降解促进剂的层层包覆制备方法，包括以下步骤：以水溶性的纤维素醚水溶液为水相，非水溶性的纤维素醚乙醇溶液为乙醇相；将助剂、无机多孔材料加入水中混合均匀，得到核相；往核相中加入水相，搅拌均匀进行一次包衣，再加入乙醇相，搅拌均匀进行二次包衣；依次重复加入水相和乙醇相，得到层层包衣的降解促进剂。
本发明中，所述的水溶性的纤维素醚可包括羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素等中的至少一种。所述水相中纤维素醚的浓度优选为1-5wt％。
本发明中，所述的非水溶性的纤维素醚可包括乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素等中的至少一种。所述乙醇相中纤维素醚的浓度优选为0.1-4wt％。
本发明中，所述的助剂为酸碱剂。所述的助剂还可以包括分散剂、润湿剂等中的至少一种。所述的助剂还可以包括本领域其他常规的促进降解的助剂。
所述的助剂在核相中的浓度优选为1-50wt％。
进一步的，所述的酸碱剂可包括磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钙、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、甘氨酸、马来酸酐等中的至少一种。
进一步，所述的分散剂可包括三聚磷酸钠、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺等本领域常规分散剂中的至少一种。
所述的分散剂在助剂中的含量优选为0-40wt％。
进一步，所述的润湿剂可包括二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠、聚醚改性有机硅等本领域常规润湿剂中的至少一种。
所述的润湿剂在助剂中的含量优选为0-40wt％。
本发明中，所述核相的pH优选为3-11。
本发明中，所述的无机多孔材料可包括蒙脱土、累脱石、合成锂皂石、合成云母、高岭土、蛭石、海泡石、凹凸棒、埃洛石、层状双氢氧化物、硅藻土、硅灰石、羟基磷灰石、白炭黑等中的至少一种。所述无机多孔材料和助剂的质量比优选为1:1-1:4。
本发明中，酸碱剂提供酸性活碱性介质环境，添加分散剂可吸附在无机多孔黏土微小颗粒表面，并产生静电斥力使之分散，同时加入润湿剂，有利于防止固体颗粒的沉降和凝聚，使其分散均匀。
本发明中，每次加入水相的量优选为核相体积的10-35％，更优选为25％。
本发明中，每次加入乙醇相的量优选为核相体积的10-35％，更优选为25％。
本发明中，所述重复的次数可根据需要进行调整，优选为2次及2次以上。
更进一步的，所述水相中还可以加入助剂A。所述助剂A与核相的助剂相同或不同的包括酸碱剂、增溶剂、成膜剂等中的至少一种。所述的助剂A在水相中的浓度优选为0.1-1wt％。
更进一步的，当所述水相中加入的助剂A中含有酸碱剂时，应先将水相分为水相A和水相B两部分，且仅水相A和水相B的其中一个添加助剂A，最后一层水相包衣应采用没有添加助剂A的水相进行包衣。
更进一步的，所述乙醇相中还可以加入助剂B。所述助剂B可包括酸碱剂、增溶剂、成膜剂等中的至少一种。所述的助剂B在乙醇相中的浓度优选为0.1-1wt％。
所述的增溶剂可包括月桂酰肌氨酸钠、油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱等中的至少一种。
所述的成膜剂可包括乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等中的至少一种。
更进一步的，当所述乙醇相中加入的助剂B中含有酸碱剂时，应先将乙醇相分为乙醇相A和乙醇相B两部分，且仅乙醇相A和乙醇相B的其中一个添加助剂B，最后一层乙醇相包衣应采用没有添加助剂B的乙醇相进行包衣。
更进一步的，所述得到的层层包衣的降解促进剂可进行烘干、研磨、过筛，得到粉末状的降解促进剂。更优选过400目筛。
本发明的降解促进剂可直接添加至各种生物降解树脂中应用，促进生物降解树脂的降解。
更进一步，所述降解促进剂的用量为生物降解树脂质量的1-20％。
更进一步，所述的生物降解树脂包括聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚丁二酸/己二酸-丁二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚羟基脂肪酸酯、聚碳酸亚丙酯和聚己内酯等中的至少一种。
更进一步的，所述聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯的重均分子量为10-160kDa；所述聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的重均分子量为10-150kDa；所述聚丁二酸/己二酸-丁二醇酯的重均分子量为10-800kDa；所述聚乳酸的重均分子量为10-250kDa；所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯的重均分子量为1-350kDa；所述聚碳酸亚丙酯的重均分子量为50-180kDa；所述聚己内酯的重均分子量为2-180kDa。
更进一步的，所述聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯的重均分子量为30-140kDa；所述聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的重均分子量为50-120kDa；所述聚丁二酸/己二酸-丁二醇酯的重均分子量为50-600kDa；所述聚乳酸的重均分子量为20-220kDa；所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯的重均分子量为5-300kDa；所述聚碳酸亚丙酯的重均分子量为60-150kDa；所述聚己内酯的重均分子量为5-160kDa。
更进一步的，所述聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯的重均分子量为50-120kDa；所述聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的重均分子量为60-90kDa；所述聚丁二酸/己二酸-丁二醇酯的重均分子量为100-400kDa；所述聚乳酸的重均分子量为40-190kDa；所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯的重均分子量为10-200kDa；所述聚碳酸亚丙酯的重均分子量为70-100kDa；所述聚己内酯的重均分子量为10-90kDa。
本发明将酸碱剂等降解促进助剂与纳米无机多孔材料混合均匀后作为核相，通过纤维素类包衣层层交替包覆制备降解促进剂，制备过程中可加入酸碱剂等各种助剂，得到层层结构中包覆各种助剂的降解促进剂，可实现酸碱剂等降解促进助剂的有效包覆及层层释放。制备得到的降解促进剂由于层层结构能兼容各种助剂，可以降解几乎所有类型的生物降解树脂，具有广泛适用性，在塑料包装、医疗、农业、汽车、电子行业、日用品等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明相对于现有技术，具有如下的优点及有益效果：
(1)本发明的降解促进剂在制备过程中可加入酸碱剂、分散剂、润湿剂，酸碱剂提供酸性或碱性介质环境，另一方面分散剂吸附在无机多孔黏土微小颗粒表面，并产生静电斥力使之分散，同时加入润湿剂，防止无机多孔材料的沉降和凝聚，使其分散均匀。通过纤维素类包衣层层包覆法制备含有降解促进助剂的降解促进剂，工艺简单，反应条件容易控制，成本低，无毒，绿色环保。
(2)本发明制备得到的降解促进剂由于具有层层结构，实现核相缓释、控释、长效的目的，同时层层结构有效保护添加的降解促进助剂，使其适用于各种生物降解树脂，解决了现有降解助剂由于与树脂材料的兼容性不好等导致无法添加或添加后降解效果不好甚至严重影响树脂材料性能等问题，可适用于各种树脂；且层层结构可包容各种不同的降解助剂，可降解几乎所有类型的生物降解树脂，具有广泛适用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明降解促进剂的制备流程示意图。
图2为实施例2中降解促进剂的热重分析图。
图3为实施例3中生物降解树脂聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯的降解质量损失图。
图4为实施例4中生物降解树脂聚乳酸的降解质量损失图。
图5为实施例5中生物降解树脂(聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚乳酸共混树脂)的降解样品表观图。
图6为对比例1中生物降解树脂聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯的降解质量损失图。
图7为对比例2中生物降解树脂聚乳酸的降解质量损失图。
图8为对比例3中生物降解树脂(聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚乳酸共混树脂)的降解样品表观图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。除非特别说明，本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。各组分用量以质量体积份计，g、mL。
实施例1：一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂
取羧甲基纤维素1质量份、羟乙基纤维素1质量份、月桂酰肌氨酸钠0.5质量份、己二醇0.5质量份，溶于97质量份水，配成质量分数3％的水溶液作为水相；取羟丙基纤维素1.5质量份、油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱1质量份、乙二醇0.5质量份溶于97质量份乙醇，配成质量分数为3％的乙醇溶液作为乙醇相，待用。将磷酸二氢钾3质量份、磷酸二氢钠1质量、三聚磷酸钠0.5质量份、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠0.5质量份溶于24质量份水，随后与10质量份蒙脱土、5质量份累脱石、9质量份合成锂皂石混合均匀作为核相，加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相搅拌均匀，烘干，研磨，过400目筛，得降解促进剂。图1为本发明降解促进剂的制备流程示意图。
实施例2：一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂
1、降解促进剂的制备：取羟乙基纤维素2质量份、羟丙基甲基纤维素1.5质量份、油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.5质量份、丙二醇1质量份，溶于95质量份水，配成质量分数5％的水溶液作为水相；取乙基纤维素1质量份、月桂酰肌氨酸钠0.5质量份、乙二醇1质量份，溶于98质量份乙醇，配成质量分数为2.5％的乙醇溶液作为乙醇相，待用。将磷酸氢二钾5质量份、磷酸氢二钠2质量份、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺3质量份、聚醚改性有机硅4质量份溶于24质量份水，随后与合成云母6质量份、高岭土4质量份、蛭石4质量份混合均匀作为核相，加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相搅拌均匀，烘干，研磨，过400目筛，得降解促进剂。
2、性质检测：采用热重分析分别测量降解促进剂质量与温度的关系，结果见图2。随着温度的升高，各类助剂发生分解反应，表现出不同梯度的质量损失，800℃以上，剩余50％左右的质量是无机多孔材料的含量。
实施例3：一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂
1、制备方法
(1)降解促进剂的制备：取羟乙基纤维素1.5质量份、月桂酰肌氨酸钠0.5质量份、油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.5质量份、丙二醇0.5质量份，溶于97质量份水，配成质量分数3％的水溶液作为水相；取羟丙基纤维素2.1质量份、乙基纤维素0.4质量份、油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.5质量份、乙二醇0.5质量份、丙二醇0.5质量份，溶于96质量份乙醇，配成质量分数为4％的乙醇溶液作为乙醇相，待用。将碳酸氢钠2.5质量份、三聚磷酸钠1质量份、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺0.5质量份、辛基磺基琥珀酸钠2质量份、聚醚改性有机硅1质量份溶于24质量份水，随后与蛭石3质量份、海泡石2质量份、凹凸棒3质量份混合均匀作为核相，加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相搅拌均匀，烘干，研磨，过400目筛，得降解促进剂。
(2)将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯85质量份(重均分子量为60kDa)、降解促进剂15质量份按照常规工艺参数加入双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出造粒，将挤出造粒料加入注塑成型机制作样条。
2、性质检测
将直径为4cm，厚度为0.8mm的圆形薄片自然条件下进行土埋实验，土埋4周降解5％，8周降解10％，15周降解20％，24周降解45％，36周降解80％，结果见图3。
实施例4：一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂
1、制备方法
(1)降解促进剂的制备：取羧甲基纤维素1质量份、羟乙基纤维素2质量份、月桂酰肌氨酸钠0.5质量份、己二醇0.5质量份，溶于96质量份水，配成质量分数4％的水溶液作为水相；取乙基纤维素0.5质量份、油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.5质量份、乙二醇0.5质量份，溶于98.5质量份乙醇，配成质量分数为1.5％的乙醇溶液作为乙醇相，待用。将氢氧化钙2.5质量份、三聚磷酸钠1质量份、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠1质量份溶于24质量份水，随后与埃洛石2质量份、层状双氢氧化物2质量份、硅藻土2质量份混合均匀作为核相，加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相搅拌均匀，烘干，研磨，过400目筛，得降解促进剂。
(2)将聚乳酸80质量份(重均分子量为100kDa)、降解促进剂20质量份按照常规工艺参数加入双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出造粒，将挤出造粒料加入注塑成型机制作样条。
2、性质检测
将直径为4cm，厚度为0.8mm的圆形薄片自然条件下进行土埋实验，土埋4周降解3％，8周降解6％，15周降解12％，24周降解20％，36周降解35％，结果见图4。
实施例5：一种由层层包覆法制备得到的降解促进剂
1、制备方法
(1)降解促进剂的制备：取羟丙基甲基纤维素1质量份、月桂酰肌氨酸钠0.5质量份、油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.5质量份、丙二醇0.5质量份、己二醇0.5质量份，溶于97质量份水，配成质量分数3％的水溶液作为水相；取羟丙基纤维素2质量份、月桂酰肌氨酸钠0.25质量份、己二醇0.25质量份，溶于97.5质量份乙醇，配成质量分数为2.5％的乙醇溶液作为乙醇相，待用。将柠檬酸5质量份、柠檬酸钠2.5质量份、甘氨酸2.5质量份、三聚磷酸钠1质量份、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺1质量份、聚醚改性有机硅3质量份溶于24体积份水，随后与硅灰石10质量份、羟基磷灰石3质量份、白炭黑3质量份混合均匀作为核相，加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的水相，搅拌均匀，再加入6质量份的乙醇相搅拌均匀，烘干，研磨，过400目筛，得降解促进剂。
(2)将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯55质量份(重均分子量为60kDa)、聚乳酸35质量份(重均分子量为100kDa)、降解促进剂10质量份按照常规工艺参数加入双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出造粒，将挤出造粒料加入注塑成型机制作样条。
2、性质检测
将直径为4cm，厚度为0.8mm的圆形薄片自然条件下进行土埋实验，土埋45周降解98％，降解样品表观如图5所示。
对比例1
1、制备方法
将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(重均分子量为60kDa)按照常规工艺参数加入双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出造粒，将挤出造粒料加入注塑成型机制作样条。
2、性质检测
将直径为4cm，厚度为0.8mm的圆形薄片自然条件下进行土埋实验，土埋4周降解0.5％，8周降解1％，15周降解2％，24周降解3.5％，36周降解4.8％，结果见图6。结果表明：对比例1在同样工艺条件下，不加降解促进剂，生物降解树脂在自然环境土埋下降解周期较长，36周后降解4.8％。实施例3中在生物降解树脂加入降解促进剂，24周降解45％，36周降解80％，明显缩短生物降解树脂的降解周期。
对比例2
1、制备方法
将聚乳酸(重均分子量为100kDa)按照常规工艺参数加入双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出造粒，将挤出造粒料加入注塑成型机制作样条。
2、性质检测
将直径为4cm，厚度为0.8mm的圆形薄片自然条件下进行土埋实验，土埋4周降解0.2％，8周降解0.5％，15周降解1.1％，24周降解2.1％，36周降解3％，结果见图7。结果表明：对比例2在同样工艺条件下，不加降解促进剂，生物降解树脂在自然环境土埋下降解周期较长，36周后降解3％。实施例4中在生物降解树脂加入降解促进剂，24周降解20％，36周降解35％，明显缩短生物降解树脂的降解周期。
对比例3
1、制备方法
将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯55质量份(重均分子量为80kDa)、聚乳酸35质量份(重均分子量为100kDa)按照常规工艺参数加入双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出造粒，将挤出造粒料加入注塑成型机制作样条。
2、性质检测
将直径为4cm，厚度为0.8mm的圆形薄片自然条件下进行土埋实验，土埋45周降解4％，降解样品表观如图8所示。
对比例4
将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯55质量份(重均分子量为80kDa)、聚乳酸35质量份(重均分子量为100kDa)、柠檬酸5质量份、柠檬酸钠2.5质量份、甘氨酸2.5质量份按照常规工艺参数加入双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出造粒，高温下生物降解树脂在酸性环境下剧烈热降解，酯基断裂，溶体粘度低，无法满足加工工艺要求。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种降解促进剂，其特征在于，所述降解促进剂的层层包覆制备方法，包括以下步骤：以水溶性的纤维素醚水溶液为水相，非水溶性的纤维素醚乙醇溶液为乙醇相；将助剂、无机多孔材料加入水中混合均匀，得到核相；往核相中加入水相，搅拌均匀进行一次包衣，再加入乙醇相，搅拌均匀进行二次包衣；依次重复加入水相和乙醇相，得到层层包衣的降解促进剂；所述的助剂为酸碱剂；
所述的水溶性的纤维素醚包括羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素中的至少一种；所述水相中纤维素醚的浓度为1-5wt％；
所述的非水溶性的纤维素醚包括乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素中的至少一种；所述乙醇相中纤维素醚的浓度为0.1-4wt％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降解促进剂，其特征在于：所述的助剂在核相中的浓度为1-50wt％；所述的酸碱剂包括磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钙、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、甘氨酸、马来酸酐中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降解促进剂，其特征在于：所述的助剂还包括分散剂、润湿剂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的降解促进剂，其特征在于：所述助剂还包括促进降解的助剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的降解促进剂，其特征在于：所述水相中还加入助剂A；所述助剂A包括酸碱剂、增溶剂、成膜剂中的至少一种；所述的助剂A在水相中的浓度为0.1-1wt％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的降解促进剂，其特征在于：所述乙醇相中还加入助剂B；所述助剂B包括酸碱剂、增溶剂、成膜剂中的至少一种；所述的助剂B在乙醇相中的浓度为0.1-1wt％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的降解促进剂在生物降解树脂、塑料包装、医疗、农业、汽车、电子行业、日用品领域中的应用。
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