CN111634079A - 一种防飞溅防弹玻璃及其制作方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种防飞溅防弹玻璃及其制作方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防飞溅防弹玻璃及其制作方法与应用,包括玻璃基体,所述玻璃基体由第一透光板、第一连接片、第二透光板、第二连接片和第三连接片依次叠压形成;所述第一透光板、第一连接片、第二透光板、第二连接片和第三连接片均为形状相同的薄片结构,所述玻璃基体的透光率大于70%,所述玻璃基体的测量厚度小于15mm。所述第三连接片背离所述第二连接片的表面上形成有一层保护盖板,所述保护盖板的形状与所述第三连接片的形状一致。本发明所述的特种防弹玻璃质量轻厚度薄,可应用于航空领域、军事装备领域、普通运输装备领域和建筑装饰领域,不仅减小了安装搬运的难度,还可加强安装此防弹玻璃的设备及建筑的安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特种玻璃技术领域,尤其涉及一种超薄轻型、安全无碎片的防飞溅防弹玻璃及其制作方法与应用。
背景技术
防弹玻璃是通过玻璃或者有机玻璃与优质的工程塑料特殊加工后得到的一种复合型材料,所以市面流通的防弹玻璃的加工材料及成品特性也就各不相同。但是,大多数的防弹玻璃都是在普通的玻璃层之间夹上一种特殊的聚碳酸酯材料层制成的,如此获得一种类似普通玻璃但比普通玻璃更厚的一种物质。
聚碳酸酯是一种硬性透明塑料,防弹玻璃的厚度大约在7mm到75mm之间。当子弹射击在这种防弹玻璃上时,外层的防弹玻璃也会被子弹击穿,但是这种特殊的聚碳酸酯材料层能够吸收子弹的能量,从而阻碍它穿透玻璃的内层。类似这样的防弹玻璃已经在第二次世界大战期间起到了公共的用途,它的厚度通常在10.0cm到12.0cm之间,而且非常的重,这类玻璃往往只能适用于金融***的大门,适用的范围比较狭隘。目前防弹玻璃结构普遍为多层玻璃与一层聚碳酸酯板结合而成,质量过重,成本高,若运用在汽车上会增加汽车的重量,增加耗油。
因此,亟需提出一种新的技术方案来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术中存在的问题,提供一种防飞溅防弹玻璃的制作方法,采用的技术方案是:
一种防飞溅防弹玻璃的制作方法,包括:
分别对第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行切割,使其均具有目标形状,再分别对所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行清洗、丝印、烘干和热弯;
分别对第一塑性层、第二塑性层和第三塑性层进行裁切,使其均具有目标形状;
将第一晶体层、第一塑性层、第二晶体层、第二塑性层和第三塑性层依次叠压形成毛坯,所述毛坯通过合片工艺获得玻璃精坯;
将所述玻璃精坯真空封装后放入高压釜内冷抽处理;
所述玻璃精坯在所述高压釜内依次经过高温、高压、降温、降压和冷却处理后,制得防弹玻璃。
优选地,所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层均为透光材质,所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层的材质为玻璃;
优选地,所述第一塑性层和第二塑性层的材质为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;
优选地,所述第三塑性层的材质为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
优选地,对所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行热弯处理,具体包括:
优选地,所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层均被切割成三片片材,所述三片片材中的一片片材的尺寸大于另外两片片材的尺寸,该两片片材的尺寸一致,且该两片片材中的一片片材放在所述第一晶体层和/或第二晶体层的最上方进行热弯处理。
优选地,所述毛坯具有保护层,所述保护层贴附在所述第三塑性层的表面;
优选地,所述毛坯通过合片工艺获得玻璃精坯,具体包括:
先用粘结媒介将高温隔离布固定在所述毛坯的外表面上;
再用所述粘结媒介将毛毡固定在所述高温隔离布的外表面上,
所述毛毡于所述毛坯的边缘引出有两条连接引脚,所述两条连接引脚与真空装置固定连接;
所述粘结媒介包括胶带;
所述合片工艺的温度为18-25℃,湿度为35%以下。
优选地,将所述玻璃精坯真空封装后放入高压釜内冷抽处理,具体包括:
将所述玻璃精坯用高温高压的薄膜袋进行真空封装,所述薄膜袋的耐高温的最小值为200℃,耐高压的最小值为1200Kpa,所述薄膜袋具有内腔,所述玻璃精坯容纳于所述薄膜袋的内腔中,
将所述薄膜袋容置于所述高压釜内,
所述薄膜袋的内腔通过真空管与真空泵相连,启动真空泵对置于所述薄膜袋内的玻璃精坯进行冷抽处理;
所述冷抽处理的真空参数为-0.096Mpa~-0.10Mpa,冷抽时长为2~4小时。
优选地,所述玻璃精坯在所述高压釜内依次经过高温、高压、降温和降压处理,具体包括:
所述高压釜内保温温度为125℃,高压处理的高压压力为1050Kpa,平衡时间为120分钟;
降温处理时,当温度降到40℃时等待120分钟后再继续降压。
本发明还提供一种防飞溅防弹玻璃,包括玻璃基体,所述玻璃基体由第一透光板、第一连接片、第二透光板、第二连接片和第三连接片依次叠压形成;
优选地,所述第一透光板、第一连接片、第二透光板、第二连接片和第三连接片均为形状相同的薄片结构,
优选地,所述第一透光板和第二透光板均为晶体结构,
优选地,所述第一连接片、第二连接片和第三连接片均为塑性透光结构,
优选地,所述玻璃基体的测量厚度小于15mm。
优选地,所述第三连接片背离所述第二连接片的表面上形成有一层保护盖板,所述保护盖板为透光盖板,所述保护盖板的形状与所述第三连接片的形状一致。
优选地,所述第一透光板和第二透光板均为玻璃透光件,所述第一透光板和第二透光板的透光率的差值范围为0-2%;
优选地,所述第一连接片、第二连接片和第三连接片均为塑性胶片;
优选地,所述玻璃基体的测量厚度为12.5mm,
优选地,所述玻璃基体的透光率大于70%。
本发明还提供一种上述防飞溅防弹玻璃的用途,所述防弹玻璃应用于航空领域、军事装备领域、普通运输装备领域和建筑装饰领域。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果中的一个或多个:
1.本发明所述防弹玻璃的玻璃基体通过第一透光板、第一连接片、第二透光板、第二连接片和第三连接片依次叠压形成,其玻璃基体的厚度可以达到12.77mm,透光率大于70%,相比现有技术中防弹玻璃来说,本发明所述的防弹玻璃不仅轻薄、透光率好,而且阻热性能较好,隔热隔音性能好,可以有效的防止子弹穿过玻璃以及玻璃碎片飞溅对人体造成的二次伤害,在性能测试实验中,本发明所述防弹玻璃能够抵御79式7.62mm轻型冲锋枪10米距离连续3发子弹的冲击,具有良好的防爆性能;
2.本发明所述防弹玻璃的玻璃基体上还可以再设置一层可透光的保护盖板,可以进一步的加强本发明所述防弹玻璃的防弹性能;
3.本发明所述防弹玻璃中第一连接片、第二连接片和第五连接是所述玻璃基体内的夹层结构,在本发明防弹玻璃中不同材料之间采用的不同类型的连接件(胶片),这样不仅仅降低了生产开发成本,而且还提高了防弹性能,可以有效的防止因为受到猛烈的射击而发出的内面的玻璃飞溅,保护人身安全;
4.本发明所述的防弹玻璃,产品厚度可以达到12.5mm,透光率可达到83%左右,整体质量较轻,厚度也较小,可用于汽车玻璃;
5.本发明所述的特种防弹玻璃质量轻厚度薄,可应用于航空领域、军事装备领域、普通运输装备领域和建筑装饰领域,不仅减小了安装搬运的难度,还可加强安装此防弹玻璃的设备及建筑的安全性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。
图1是本发明所述的防弹玻璃的产品结构示意图;
图2是图1所述的防弹玻璃加设一层保护盖板的产品结构示意图;
图3是本发明所述实施例中高压釜温度压力运行曲线图,其中P是压力曲线图,Q是温度曲线图。
其中,1-第一透光板,2-第一连接片,3-第二透光板,4-第二连接片,5-第三连接片,6-保护盖板。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例的附图,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或者元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面结合附图与实施例进一步说明本发明要旨。
实施例:
请参见图1-3,本发明提供一种防飞溅防弹玻璃的制作方法,包括:
分别对第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行切割,使其均具有目标形状,再分别对所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行清洗、丝印、烘干和热弯;
分别对第一塑性层、第二塑性层和第三塑性层进行裁切,使其均具有目标形状;
将第一晶体层、第一塑性层、第二晶体层、第二塑性层和第三塑性层依次叠压形成毛坯,所述毛坯通过合片工艺获得玻璃精坯;
将所述玻璃精坯真空封装后放入高压釜内冷抽处理;
所述玻璃精坯在所述高压釜内依次经过高温、高压、降温、降压和冷却处理后,制得防弹玻璃。
在一种实施例中,所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层可以均为透光材质,所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层的材质可以为玻璃;
所述第一塑性层和第二塑性层的材质可以为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB);
所述第三塑性层的材质可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
在一种实施例中,对本发明所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行热弯处理,具体可以包括:
所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层均被切割成三片片材,所述三片片材中的一片片材的尺寸大于另外两片片材的尺寸,该两片片材的尺寸一致,且该两片片材中的一片片材放在所述第一晶体层和/或第二晶体层的最上方进行热弯处理。
在一种实施例中,本发明所述毛坯还可以具有保护层,所述保护层贴附在所述第三塑性层的表面;
在一种实施例中,本发明所述毛坯通过合片工艺获得玻璃精坯,具体可以包括:
先用粘结媒介将高温隔离布固定在所述毛坯的外表面上;
再用所述粘结媒介将毛毡固定在所述高温隔离布的外表面上,
所述毛毡于所述毛坯的边缘引出有两条连接引脚,所述两条连接引脚与真空装置固定连接;
所述粘结媒介包括胶带,或其它具有粘黏能力的塑性透明材料;
所述合片工艺的温度范围可以保持在18-25℃,湿度可以是35%以下。
在一种实施例中,本发明将所述玻璃精坯真空封装后放入高压釜内冷抽处理,具体可以包括:
将所述玻璃精坯用高温高压的薄膜袋进行真空封装,所述薄膜袋的耐高温的最小值为200℃,耐高压的最小值为1200Kpa,所述薄膜袋具有内腔,所述玻璃精坯容纳于所述薄膜袋的内腔中,
将所述薄膜袋容置于所述高压釜内,
所述薄膜袋的内腔通过真空管与真空泵相连,启动真空泵对置于所述薄膜袋内的玻璃精坯进行冷抽处理;
所述冷抽处理的真空参数为-0.096Mpa~-0.10Mpa,冷抽时长为2~4小时。
在一种实施例中,本发明所述玻璃精坯在所述高压釜内依次经过高温、高压、降温和降压处理,具体可以包括:
所述高压釜内保温温度为125℃,高压处理的高压压力为1050Kpa,平衡时间为120分钟;
降温处理时,当温度降到40℃时等待120分钟后再继续降压。
本发明所述防弹玻璃的制作方法包括如下操作步骤:
a.原材料准备:将玻璃原片(第一透光板1和第二透光板3)进行切割、磨洗、丝印、热弯,备用;准备好PVB胶片和PU膜(第一连接片2、第二连接片4和第三连接片5),用水切割机将热塑性树脂板材(PC板)切割成所需图形。
b.合片:依次将第一透光板1、第一连接片2、第二透光板3、第二连接片4、第三连接片5和保护盖板6进行合片,形成玻璃精坯,然后使用高温隔离布在玻璃边部一圈用3M美纹纸胶带进行固定(左右两边大于边部宽度约3mm),然后使用毛毡按上述要求再进行一次固定,固定在高温隔离布上(左右两边大于边部宽度约5mm),最后使用毛毡从边部引出两条,然后将真空气嘴固定在毛毡上,以上操作为整个合片工艺。
c.冷抽:将刚刚合片的玻璃精坯放进可以经过高温高压的薄膜袋(耐高温约200℃,耐高压约1200kpa)中,四周使用蛇胶密封,最后使用真空管与真空泵进行连接,连接后检查是否有漏气现象,使用真空变对真空度进行检测,推入高压釜中,接上真空泵进行冷抽,所述冷抽处理的真空参数为-0.096Mpa~-0.10Mpa,冷抽时长为3小时。
d.高压成型:关上釜门,进行高温、高压、降温、降压、冷却、出釜,得到轻型防弹玻璃。高压压力为1050Kpa,保温温度为125℃,平衡时间为120分钟,降温阶段,当温度降到40℃时等待120分钟后再进行降压,如图3是本发明所述实施例中高压釜温度压力运行曲线图,其中P是压力曲线图,Q是温度曲线图,相应的高压釜的过程运行参数如下表1所示:
表1高压釜过程运行参数表
高压工艺参数☆ | 超薄防弹玻璃(含PU膜,PC板) |
P1:第一压力 | 200KPa |
P2:第二压力 | 800KPa |
P3:第三压力 | 950KPa |
P4:养护压力 | 1050KPa |
t1:养护时间 | 120min |
T1:第一温度 | 80℃ |
T2:第二温度 | 90℃ |
T3:养护温度 | 115℃ |
T4:降压温度 | 40℃(备注:降到40℃时等待120分钟后再进行降压) |
T5:快冷温度 | 90℃ |
请参见图1、2,本发明还提供一种由上述制作方法制得的防飞溅防弹玻璃,包括玻璃基体,所述玻璃基体由第一透光板1、第一连接片2、第二透光板3、第二连接片4和第三连接片5依次叠压形成,参见图1;
所述第一透光板件1、第一连接片2、第二透光板3、第二连接片4和第三连接片5均为形状相同的薄片结构,
所述第一透光板1和第二透光板3均为晶体结构,所述第一透光板1和第二透光板3的透光率的差值范围为0-2%;
所述第一连接片2、第二连接片4和第三连接片5均为塑性透光结构,
所述玻璃基体的测量厚度小于15mm。
请继续参见图2,所述第三连接片5背离所述第二连接片4的表面上形成有一层保护盖板6,所述保护盖板6为透光盖板,所述保护盖板6的形状与所述第三连接片5的形状一致。
在一种实施例中,本发明所述第一透光板1和第二透光板3均为玻璃透光件;所述第一连接片2、第二连接片4和第三连接片5均为塑性胶片;
所述玻璃基体的测量厚度为12.5mm,所述玻璃基体的透光率大于70%。
在一种实施例中,所述第一透光板1和第二透光板3的材质可以为玻璃;所述第一连接片2和第二连接片4的材质可以为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;所述第三连接片5的材质可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
在一种实施例中,本发明所述玻璃基体的测量厚度可以达到12.5mm,透光率可以达到83%左右。
在一种实施例中,本发明所述第一透光板1、第一连接片2、第二透光板3、第二连接片4和第三连接片5的测量厚度依次可以为:6mm、0.76mm、5mm、0.76mm和0.52mm。
本发明还提供一种防飞溅防弹玻璃的用途,所述防弹玻璃应用于不同性能要求的航空领域、军事装备领域如地面部队所需的防弹玻璃、普通运输装备领域如汽车行业如运钞车、家庭使用的轿车等,以及建筑装饰领域如银行、监狱等其他会遭到枪击的场所。
将传统的防弹玻璃作为对照例与本发明实施例中制得的防弹玻璃进行性能对比实验,结果如下表2所示:
表2本发明所述防弹玻璃与传统防弹玻璃的性能参数对照表
由表2可知,本发明实施例所述的防弹玻璃的各项性能指标均优于传统防弹玻璃,说明本发明所述防弹玻璃厚度薄,透光率高,隔热性能好,防弹等级和防爆性高,能够有效的防止子弹穿过玻璃以及玻璃破碎对人体造成的二次伤害。
本发明所述防弹玻璃的玻璃基体通过第一透光板、第一连接片、第二透光板、第二连接片和第三连接片依次叠压形成,其玻璃基体的厚度可以达到12.77mm,透光率大于70%,相比现有技术中防弹玻璃来说,本发明所述的防弹玻璃不仅轻薄、透光率好,而且阻热性能较好,隔热隔音性能好,可以有效的防止子弹穿过玻璃以及玻璃碎片飞溅对人体造成的二次伤害,在性能测试实验中,本发明所述防弹玻璃能够抵御79式7.62mm轻型冲锋枪10米距离连续3发子弹的冲击,具有良好的防爆性能。
本发明所述防弹玻璃的玻璃基体上还可以再设置一层可透光的保护盖板,可以进一步的加强本发明所述防弹玻璃的防弹性能。
本发明所述防弹玻璃中第一连接片、第二连接片和第五连接是所述玻璃基体内的夹层结构,在本发明防弹玻璃中不同材料之间采用的不同类型的连接件(胶片),这样不仅仅降低了生产开发成本,而且还提高了防弹性能,可以有效的防止因为受到猛烈的射击而发出的内面的玻璃飞溅,保护人身安全。
本发明所述的防弹玻璃,产品厚度可以达到12.5mm,透光率可达到83%左右,整体质量较轻,厚度也较小,可用于汽车玻璃。
综上所述,本发明所述的特种防弹玻璃质量轻厚度薄,可应用于航空领域、军事装备领域、普通运输装备领域和建筑装饰领域,不仅减小了安装搬运的难度,还可加强安装此防弹玻璃的设备及建筑的安全性。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,本领域人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例进行接合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改和变型。
Claims (10)
1.一种防飞溅防弹玻璃的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:
分别对第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行切割,使其均具有目标形状,再分别对所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行清洗、丝印、烘干和热弯;
分别对第一塑性层、第二塑性层和第三塑性层进行裁切,使其均具有目标形状;
将第一晶体层、第一塑性层、第二晶体层、第二塑性层和第三塑性层依次叠压形成毛坯,所述毛坯通过合片工艺获得玻璃精坯;
将所述玻璃精坯真空封装后放入高压釜内冷抽处理;
所述玻璃精坯在所述高压釜内依次经过高温、高压、降温、降压和冷却处理后,制得防弹玻璃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层均为透光材质,所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层的材质为玻璃;
所述第一塑性层和第二塑性层的材质为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;
所述第三塑性层的材质为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,对所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层进行热弯处理,具体包括:
所述第一晶体层和第二晶体层均被切割成三片片材,所述三片片材中的一片片材的尺寸大于另外两片片材的尺寸,该两片片材的尺寸一致,且该两片片材中的一片片材放在所述第一晶体层和/或第二晶体层的最上方进行热弯处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述毛坯具有保护层,所述保护层贴附在所述第三塑性层的表面;
所述毛坯通过合片工艺获得玻璃精坯,具体包括:
先用粘结媒介将高温隔离布固定在所述毛坯的外表面上;
再用所述粘结媒介将毛毡固定在所述高温隔离布的外表面上,
所述毛毡于所述毛坯的边缘引出有两条连接引脚,所述两条连接引脚与真空装置固定连接;
所述粘结媒介包括胶带;
所述合片工艺的温度为18-25℃,湿度为35%以下。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,将所述玻璃精坯真空封装后放入高压釜内冷抽处理,具体包括:
将所述玻璃精坯用高温高压的薄膜袋进行真空封装,所述薄膜袋的耐高温的最小值为200℃,耐高压的最小值为1200Kpa,所述薄膜袋具有内腔,所述玻璃精坯容纳于所述薄膜袋的内腔中,
将所述薄膜袋容置于所述高压釜内,
所述薄膜袋的内腔通过真空管与真空泵相连,启动真空泵对置于所述薄膜袋内的玻璃精坯进行冷抽处理;
所述冷抽处理的真空参数为-0.096Mpa~-0.10Mpa,冷抽时长为2~4小时。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述玻璃精坯在所述高压釜内依次经过高温、高压、降温和降压处理,具体包括:
所述高压釜内保温温度为125℃,高压处理的高压压力为1050Kpa,平衡时间为120分钟;
降温处理时,当温度降到40℃时等待120分钟后再继续降压。
7.一种防飞溅防弹玻璃,其特征在于,包括玻璃基体,所述玻璃基体由第一透光板、第一连接片、第二透光板、第二连接片和第三连接片依次叠压形成;
所述第一透光板、第一连接片、第二透光板、第二连接片和第三连接片均为形状相同的薄片结构,
所述第一透光板和第二透光板均为晶体结构,
所述第一连接片、第二连接片和第三连接片均为塑性透光结构,
所述玻璃基体的测量厚度小于15mm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防弹玻璃,其特征在于,所述第三连接片背离所述第二连接片的表面上形成有一层保护盖板,所述保护盖板为透光盖板,所述保护盖板的形状与所述第三连接片的形状一致。
9.根据权利要求7所述的防弹玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一透光板和第二透光板均为玻璃透光件,所述第一透光板和第二透光板的透光率的差值范围为0-2%;
所述第一连接片、第二连接片和第三连接片均为塑性胶片;
所述玻璃基体的测量厚度为12.5mm,
所述玻璃基体的透光率大于70%。
10.一种防飞溅防弹玻璃的用途,其特征在于,所述防弹玻璃应用于航空领域、军事装备领域、普通运输装备领域和建筑装饰领域。
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