CN111625756A - Maturity evaluation method for city MaaS operation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of traffic, in particular to a maturity evaluation method for a city MaaS operation system. The method can help each city to scientifically know the self development condition in the process of building the MaaS service system, can optimize and perfect the short board in time, and further promotes the construction and application of the MaaS operation system of the city.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traffic, in particular to a maturity evaluation method for an urban MaaS operation system.
Background
The MaaS (Mobility as a Service) concept appeared at the earliest in 2014 on the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) conference of the european union, and the ITS conference of the world became the hot topic in the global Intelligent transportation field in 2015. The idea of MaaS is to deeply understand the public travel demand, and to integrate various transportation modes into a unified digital travel platform (APP) with a public transportation system as a backbone, so as to provide an optimal travel scheme for passengers. Through research and practical exploration of a plurality of international research institutes, MaaS has become a hot issue in the global intelligent transportation field.
The MaaS needs to be successfully implemented based on key elements such as local urban traffic development conditions, requirements of multi-party interest correlators (governments, travel service providers, users and the like), necessary policy measures, technical conditions and the like, and a MaaS planning scheme is formulated according to local conditions. Therefore, in order to help the city to better understand the MaaS implementation prerequisites, fully utilize the existing transportation services and resources of the city, and ensure that the development target of the MaaS is consistent with the urban traffic development policy target, an index system capable of scientifically evaluating the MaaS implementation preparation condition of the city needs to be established, so that benefits relatives such as city governments and industry governing departments, MaaS operators, transportation operators and the like can be assisted to understand the advantages and the defects of the MaaS currently developed, and the city can be effectively guided to better develop the MaaS implementation and application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a maturity evaluation method for an urban MaaS operation system to solve the problems in the background art.
The invention provides a maturity evaluation method for a city MaaS operation system, which comprises the steps of firstly, constructing a maturity evaluation index system of the MaaS operation system; a scientific and objective city MaaS operation system maturity evaluation index system is beneficial to understanding the current situation of traffic development and implementing the defects of MaaS in cities, assists cities to make traffic development plans and traffic management policies, promotes the MaaS development, improves traffic service and improves travel experience of residents. In order to evaluate the implementation preparation condition of the urban MaaS, multiple subjects, multiple targets, multiple links and the like need to be considered, and the internal relation among all indexes is difficult to describe by a simple linear structure, so that the invention adopts an analytic hierarchy process to establish a tree-shaped relation structure, downwards expands the targets into a plurality of targets according to logic classification through target hierarchical classification, downwards expands all targets into a standard layer, and so on until quantitative or qualitative analysis (index layer) can be carried out. The structure of the evaluation index system is shown in FIG. 1:
further, MaaS is a complex travel solution, and the development of the maturity evaluation of the MaaS operation system needs to perform research and analysis around MaaS core elements, such as traffic pattern integration, payment integration, ticketing integration, travel packages and other influencing factors. Firstly, the legal status of MaaS is ensured, and the key for the successful implementation of MaaS is to establish the policy, regulation and law of MaaS implementation safeguard measures. Secondly, the core stakeholders involved in the MaaS ecosystem include MaaS operators, transportation operators, data providers and users. In order to realize integration of various transportation modes, payment, ticketing and the like, MaaS operators have the key that the success of various transportation operators is influenced by the opening attitude and the data opening and sharing degree of the various transportation operators. In addition, the use will (such as life style and travel behaviors) of the user is an important reference for MaaS operators to judiciously develop the market prospect, clearly locate customers and scientifically make travel packages. Finally, in order to enable the MaaS operation system to be operated more easily, the necessary ICT infrastructure and the support of standard specifications in the aspects of technology, management and the like are not required. Therefore, the invention designs the criterion layer of the index system from six dimensions of policy and law, resident will, transport operator opening attitude, data opening and sharing, ICT infrastructure and standard specification. According to the selection principle of the evaluation indexes and by combining the urban traffic development characteristics of China, part of the evaluation index system is shown in figure 2.
Furthermore, the policy and the law and regulations refer to that the urban government makes key policies and laws and regulations aiming at the key supervision field in order to support the MaaS development. From the perspective of local government, a MaaS market admission and withdrawal mechanism is formulated, the legal status of MaaS is ensured, and the method is the primary condition for promoting the smooth implementation of the MaaS; secondly, in order to promote cooperation between a travel service provider and a MaaS operator, it is important to guarantee security policies and laws and regulations related to passenger rights and data security in the aspects of rights and interests of stakeholders (especially users), data opening, ticket resale and the like. In addition, because the public transportation pricing of China is the government leading, in order to support and promote the development of the MaaS core transportation mode, namely public transportation, governments of various regions should scientifically make the pricing and subsidizing policies of public transportation sleeve tickets according to the financial conditions and the operation conditions of public transportation enterprises. After analysis, the policies and laws and regulations mainly include MaaS market admission and exit mechanisms, data opening, data security and user privacy, passenger rights, public transportation ticket-filling and subsidizing systems, third party agent ticket-selling, city MaaS development planning and other policies, laws and regulations and the like as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 policy and laws and regulations indicators
Further, the willingness of residents refers to the degree to which people accept and are willing to use the MaaS service, and is one of the key conditions for the successful implementation of MaaS. Firstly, MaaS may require a user to pay travel package expenses in advance, so that the willingness of people to accept to pay travel expenses in advance may be one of the influencing factors of the success of the people; secondly, in order to enable the MaaS operator to know market development potential, find user positioning accurately and scientifically make a product scheme, living behaviors and traveling modes of local residents need to be known. The MaaS4EU project supported by the european commission sponsorship is investigated by user requirements, and the investigation result shows that the MaaS service user group is more focused on young (under 40 years old) users who frequently travel by using public transport. MaaS and sustainable urban traffic planning, jointly issued by agencies such as the european intelligent transportation association, maasalab, london college, uk, and the european urban traffic authority, indicates that MaaS penetration will be more difficult in areas dominated by private vehicles. Therefore, in the process of selecting the willingness index of the residents, the invention mainly considers the indexes of the prepayment acceptance ratio of the residents, the ratio of the residents in the cities under 40 years old, the sharing rate of public transportation trips, the drivers' licenses of the residents in the local cities, the car holding capacity and the like. As shown in table 2
TABLE 2 residential wish index
Further, integration of multiple transportation modes aiming at the open attitude of a transportation operator is a basic condition for MaaS to be able to develop and operate. The transport operator opening attitude refers to transport services available in cities, namely whether the transport operator is willing to participate in the MaaS transport services, and an API for planning, booking and ticketing of the transport operator is opened to ensure the availability and the interoperability of the system. Public transportation (including public trams and rail transit) is the most core transportation mode of the MaaS service, so the openness of public transportation operators is a necessary condition for MaaS implementation. Secondly, to ensure that MaaS services are seamlessly docked, ensuring that first/last mile solutions are provided between locations without public transportation services, the openness of demand-responsive transportation and shared travel service providers plays a very important role therein. In addition, the implementation range of the MaaS in the city also comprises urban and rural areas, intercity and cross-border areas, so the participation attitude of traffic mode operators such as high-speed rails, civil aviation, ships and the like plays an important role in the MaaS implementation scheme. As shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 transport operator open attitude index
Further, data opening and sharing in order to realize multi-mode seamless traffic travel, integration of multiple transportation mode planning, reservation, payment, ticketing and the like is required. For example, in planning, integration of physical facilities (such as station parking points, barrier-free convenience facilities, and the like), lines, schedules, and the like in each traffic mode is required. In the aspect of reservation, systems for ticket selling, payment and the like among operators need to be integrated, and each operator also needs to acquire MaaS reservation information in real time to reserve vehicle resources. Therefore, data must be opened and shared between the transport operator and the MaaS operator related to the MaaS service. In addition, an industry competent department needs to effectively monitor and manage the MaaS operation condition, scientifically guide the development of the MaaS in urban traffic and assist the scientific management decision of the urban traffic by knowing the MaaS travel environment and the service quality. Therefore, the data opening and sharing aspect mainly refers to data acquirability among different beneficial agents, mainly refers to MaaS operators, transportation operators, and service providers such as payment and space information. As shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 data open and shared index
Further, the MaaS service of the ICT infrastructure relates to functions of dynamic path planning, real-time information query, reservation, payment, ticketing and the like, and the functions depend on technical equipment such as dynamic data acquisition, mobile payment, electronic tickets, identity authentication and the like. The ICT infrastructure refers to the preparation condition of the ICT infrastructure supporting the MaaS service, and specifically comprises indexes such as data acquisition equipment, intelligent card reading/code equipment, intelligent identity authentication equipment, wireless transmission equipment and data acquisition equipment. As shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 ICT infrastructure index
Further, the technical standards in the aspects of data storage, electronic payment, electronic tickets, security check and the like often differ among MaaS stakeholders, so that integration in the aspects of data, payment, tickets and the like cannot be directly performed, and therefore the unified standard specification is a necessary condition for implementing MaaS. The method specifically comprises data exchange specifications, electronic payment technical standards, electronic ticket technical standards, character safety inspection standards of different transportation modes and the like. As shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Standard Specification index
Further, a MaaS operation system maturity evaluation index quantitative scoring standard is formulated, considering that the attributes of the MaaS operation system maturity evaluation indexes are different and a unified evaluation dimension is lacking, the evaluation standards of the indexes are divided into three levels of maturity, general maturity and immaturity and correspond to different scores, so that the MaaS operation system maturity evaluation index quantitative scoring standard is formulated, and the table 7 shows that:
TABLE 7 quantitative scoring criteria for the indices
Further, constructing a MaaS operation system maturity quantitative evaluation model; firstly, calculating a maturity evaluation index system rule layer and index weight; adopting an analytic hierarchy process to solve the weight of each criterion layer and the evaluation index thereof, and comprising the following steps:
S1analyzing the rule layer and the evaluation indexes thereof so that experts can understand the evaluation objects, the evaluation problems and the performance and the characteristics of a certain aspect of the evaluation objects and the evaluation problems which can be reflected by the evaluation indexes;
S2inviting K experts to construct a judgment matrix;
S3solving the judgment matrix and judging whether the matrix passes consistency check to obtain the weight of the criterion layer
wk＝(wk，1，wk，2，...，wk，i，...，wk，m) (K ═ 1, 2,. K; i 1, 2.. m) and their evaluation index
wk，i＝(wk，i1，wk，i2，...，wk，ij，...，wk，in)(k＝1，2，...，K；i＝1，2，...，m；j＝1，2，...，n)；
S4Averaging the weights wk and wk, i of K experts, comprehensively reflecting the subjective preferences of different experts, and obtaining the final criterion layer and the weight w of the evaluation index thereof (w ═ w1，w2，...，wi，...，wm) (i ═ 1, 2, 3,. multidot., m) and
wi＝(wi1，wi2，...，wij，...，win)(i＝1，2，3，...，m；j＝1，2，3，...，n)。
further, quantitatively evaluating the maturity of the MaaS operation system; the method comprises the steps of carrying out on-site investigation and data collection and arrangement work aiming at six criteria layers and evaluation indexes thereof, such as policy laws and laws, residential will, transport operator opening attitude, data opening and sharing, ICT infrastructure, standard specification and the like in a maturity evaluation index system, and finally realizing the evaluation of the maturity of the urban MaaS operation system by combining established quantitative scoring standards of the maturity evaluation indexes of the MaaS operation system, the criteria layers and evaluation index weights thereof and evaluating the perfection degree of the existing relevant policy laws and laws, infrastructure construction, relevant standard specification, multi-source data opening and sharing mechanism of a specific city in the MaaS field and the willingness and attitude of operators and residents through weighted calculation. The MaaS operation system maturity calculation formula is shown as formula (1):
in the formula, AijFor index scoring, α is a proportionality coefficient for adjusting the maturity of the MaaS operating system the technical process is as shown in fig. 3:
the maturity evaluation method for the urban MaaS operation system has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, a maturity evaluation index system is established around aspects of MaaS development related policy and regulation, resident willingness, transportation service provider opening attitude, data opening sharing degree of each related party, ICT infrastructure service capability, standard specification and the like, a MaaS operation system maturity evaluation model and evaluation method are established based on an analytic hierarchy process, and maturity evaluation is realized by means of traffic dynamic and static data of each city. The method can help each city to scientifically know the self development condition in the process of building the MaaS service system, can optimize and perfect the short board in time, and further promotes the MaaS construction and application of the city.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the indexing architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a MaaS operation system maturity evaluation index system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a MaaS operation system maturity evaluation index system according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of the present application.
In the embodiment, the maturity evaluation method for the MaaS operation system in the city is characterized in that two cities of Beijing and Shenzhen are selected to perform MaaS operation system maturity evaluation case analysis, and certain reference and guidance are provided for promoting the city to realize MaaS in the real sense in the early days. The Beijing traffic green travel integrated service platform (hereinafter referred to as Beijing MaaS platform) is started and released by a Beijing urban traffic commission and a Gord map together, and the two parties adopt a government-enterprise cooperation mode, so that various traffic mode travel service information such as ground buses, subways, suburban railways, walks, rides, network appointment vehicles, aviation, railways, long-distance buses, self-driving and the like is provided for travelers, single-mode pre-trip planning, in-trip guidance and after-trip green excitation are realized, and reservation and payment services in a single mode such as network appointment vehicles, shared vehicles, aviation, railways and the like are provided. In general, the MaaS platform in beijing has not realized information integration, payment and ticketing integration of various transportation modes in a real sense.
In the embodiment, Shenzhen bus group MaaS intelligent travel service platform (hereinafter, Shenzhen MaaS platform) starts two bus lines to send passengers to and from a park to a high-new park and a Koyuan subway station in morning and evening peak every day, and customized bus service for on-duty people in the park on demand traveling is provided. The platform explores the trial bus monthly cards and daily tickets, and improves the transfer preferential force. The Shenzhen MaaS platform tentatively integrates the information, payment, ticket business and other contents of two bus routes and rail transit, and does not integrate other transportation modes. As shown in table 8:
TABLE 8 Beijing and Shenzhen case analysis
Based on the information, establishing a MaaS operation system maturity evaluation index scoring table of two cities of Beijing and Shenzhen, inviting a field expert to weight a criterion layer and evaluation indexes thereof, wherein index scoring and weighting results are shown in a table 9:
TABLE 9 evaluation index score table for maturity evaluation indexes of MaaS operation system of Beijing and Shenzhen
In this embodiment, through calculation, the result of calculating the maturity of the MaaS operating system in beijing and shenzhen is shown in table 10:
TABLE 10 calculation results of MaaS operating system maturity for Beijing and Shenzhen
Note: the maximum maturity of the MaaS operation system is 10 minutes
In the embodiment, in the aspects of policies and laws and regulations, policies such as related data opening, data security, user privacy and the like are actively developed in the government affair data and city development aspects in the two cities, and related technical standards are also actively developed in the standard specification aspect, but related policy documents and technical standards aiming at the MaaS aspect are still lacked, so that the score of beijing in the aspect is higher; both cities have good development bases in the aspect of the willingness of residents, but related user willingness investigation needs to be specially carried out in the aspect of product formulation; in the aspect of ICT infrastructure, both cities lack the ICT infrastructure capable of supporting interconnection and intercommunication of various transportation modes and various electronic payment modes, and other facilities may need urban financial support to implement some ICT infrastructures, so local financial support is also considered in this respect. And finally, in the aspects of openness and data opening and sharing of transport operators, as the Beijing and Shenzhen are different in MaaS operation organization modes, the Beijing MaaS government cooperation mode is used as an integrator mode compared with the Shenzhen MaaS public transport operator, so that the method is more favorable in the aspects of openness and data opening and sharing of transport operators, and can promote the integration process of various transport services more quickly. Therefore, the maturity of Maas in Beijing is slightly higher than that in Shenzhen.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (4)
1. A maturity evaluation method for an urban MaaS operation system is specifically executed according to the following steps:
s1: establishing a maturity evaluation index system of the MaaS operation system;
S1.1: adopting policy and law and regulation information, including information of MaaS development related planning, MaaS market admission and exit mechanism, data opening, data security and user privacy, passenger right, public traffic ticket and subsidy system and third party agent ticket selling;
S1.2: adopting information of the intentions of residents, wherein the information comprises the acceptance proportion of prepayment fees of the residents, the proportion of residents in cities under 40 years old, the sharing rate of public transportation trips, the holding quantity of thousands of drivers' licenses and the holding quantity of thousands of cars;
S1.3: adopting information of the opening attitude of a transport operator, wherein the information comprises the opening attitude of a bus and electric vehicle operation enterprise, the opening attitude of a rail transit operation enterprise, the opening attitude of demand response type traffic and shared travel service providers and the opening attitude of other transport operators;
S1.4: information of data opening and sharing is adopted, including MaaS operator operation service dataThe information of acquireability, the acquireability of basic and operation data of a transportation operation enterprise, the acquireability of payment data of a payment service provider and the acquireability of data of a spatial information service provider;
S1.5: information of ICT infrastructure is adopted, including information of data acquisition equipment, intelligent card/code reading equipment, intelligent ticket checking equipment, intelligent identity authentication equipment and wireless transmission equipment;
S1.6: and adopting standard specification information, including data exchange specification, electronic payment technical standard, electronic ticket technical standard and human and object safety inspection standard.
2. The maturity evaluation method for the urban MaaS operation system according to claim 1, wherein: establishing a quantitative scoring standard of a maturity evaluation index of a MaaS operation system, dividing the evaluation standard of each index into a mature grade, a common grade and an immature grade, and corresponding to different scores, thereby establishing the quantitative scoring standard of the maturity evaluation index;
S2.1: grading the city MaaS development related planning, the MaaS market admission and exit mechanism, the data opening, the data security and the user privacy passenger right, the public traffic ticket-covering and subsidy system, the third party agent ticket-selling and the like of the city policy laws and regulations;
S2.2: scoring is carried out on the acceptance proportion of the prepayment cost of the residents in the willingness examples, the proportion of the residents in cities under 40 years old, the sharing rate of public transportation trips, the holding quantity of thousands of drivers' licenses and the holding quantity of thousands of cars;
S2.3: the method comprises the steps of grading the opening attitude of a bus, electric vehicle and operation enterprise, the opening attitude of a rail transit operation enterprise, the opening attitude of a demand response type transit and shared travel service provider, the opening attitude of other transport operators and the like in the opening attitude of the transport operators;
S2.4: by the availability of MaaS operator operation service data, the availability of transportation operation enterprise basic class and operation class data and the payment service provider support in data opening and sharingGrading the availability of payment data and the availability of data of the spatial information service provider;
S2.5: scoring is carried out on data acquisition equipment, intelligent card/code reading equipment, intelligent ticket checking equipment, intelligent identity authentication equipment and wireless transmission equipment information in an ICT infrastructure;
S2.6: the data exchange standard, the electronic payment technical standard, the electronic ticket technical standard person and object safety inspection standard information in the standard are graded.
3. The maturity evaluation method for the urban MaaS operation system according to claim 1, wherein:
establishing a maturity quantitative evaluation model of the MaaS operation system;
S3.1: calculating a maturity evaluation index system criterion layer and index weight;
S3.2: analyzing the evaluation indexes S1 and S2 so that experts can understand the evaluation objects, the evaluation problems and the performance and the characteristics of one aspect of the evaluation objects and the evaluation problems reflected by the evaluation indexes;
S3.3inviting K experts to construct a judgment matrix;
S3.4solving the judgment matrix and judging whether the matrix passes consistency check or not to obtain the weight of a criterion layer and the weight of an evaluation index thereof;
S3.5the weight sum of K experts is averaged, subjective preferences of different experts are comprehensively reflected, and the final weight sum of a criterion layer and evaluation indexes thereof is obtained.
4. The maturity evaluation method for the urban MaaS operation system according to claim 1, wherein: quantitative evaluation of the maturity of the MaaS operation system, aiming at policy laws and regulations, resident willingness, transport operator openness, data opening and sharing, ICT infrastructure, standard specification and evaluation indexes thereof in a MaaS maturity evaluation index system, carrying out on-site investigation and data collection and arrangement work, and finally realizing the maturity evaluation of the city MaaS operation system by combining the established maturity evaluation index quantitative scoring standard, the standard layer and the evaluation index weight thereof and evaluating the perfection of the existing relevant policy laws and regulations, infrastructure construction, relevant standard specification, multi-source data opening and sharing mechanism of a specific city in the MaaS field and the willingness and attitude of operators and residents through weighted calculation; the MaaS operation system maturity calculation formula is shown as formula (1):
in the formula, AijFor index scoring, α is a proportionality coefficient for adjusting the maturity of the MaaS operation system.
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| CN115018568A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-09-06 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | MaaS payment settlement and invoice system and method for trip travel |
| CN116739393A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-09-12 | 福建福诺移动通信技术有限公司 | Evaluation method and device for emergency capability maturity of application system |
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