CN111624514A - Method for diagnosing short-circuit and open-circuit faults of switching tube of three-level rectifier - Google Patents
Method for diagnosing short-circuit and open-circuit faults of switching tube of three-level rectifier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for diagnosing short-circuit and open-circuit faults of a switching tube of a three-level rectifier, which selects a switching state, a bridge arm phase voltage, the polarity of alternating-current side phase current and clamping diode current as fault characteristics, analyzes the short-circuit and open-circuit fault characteristics under different switching states based on a current circulation path, provides a fault diagnosis rule and realizes the short-circuit and open-circuit fault diagnosis of the switching tube of a diode neutral-point clamped (NPC) three-level rectifier. The method can simultaneously detect short-circuit and open-circuit faults, accurately position the fault position, realize quick diagnosis and have high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the power electronic device fault diagnosis technology, and particularly relates to a method for diagnosing short-circuit and open-circuit faults of a switching tube of a three-level rectifier.
Background
Compared with the traditional two-level rectifier, the three-level rectifier has the advantages of low voltage stress of a power device, good waveform frequency spectrum, small voltage change rate, small waveform distortion and the like, and is widely applied to medium-voltage and high-power electric energy conversion and electric transmission occasions. The three-level rectifier has been developed to date, and a large number of topologies are generated, and the basic topologies of the three-level rectifier mainly include a midpoint clamping type, a cascade type, a flying capacitor type, and the like. Among them, the Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) rectifier has been widely used in practice because of its simple topology, relatively stable performance, and easy control of devices.
Despite significant technological advances in this area, semiconductors and their associated circuitry remain the primary cause of failure in industrial applications. According to the study, printed circuit boards resulted in about 26% of circuit equipment failures, while semiconductor and solder failures resulted in about 34% of power equipment failures. Power switch failures are typically caused by high thermal or electrical stress, which can lead to short circuit and open circuit failures. Failure of the gate driver or other control circuit is also a very important cause of converter failure, accounting for 53.1% of all converter failures. Such failures are typically caused by interruption of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) activation signal, resulting in a permanent IGBT open failure. At present, current and voltage signals of a certain time are needed for detecting the open-circuit fault of the three-level rectifier, a large amount of mathematical processing is needed, the algorithm is complex, the training requirement on the algorithm is high, the method is not suitable for popularization and use, and no method can be used for simultaneously detecting the short-circuit fault and the open-circuit fault of the rectifier.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for diagnosing the short-circuit and open-circuit faults of the switching tube of the three-level rectifier.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for diagnosing short-circuit and open-circuit faults of a switching tube of a three-level rectifier comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting and collecting operation data of the diode neutral point clamped three-level rectifier circuit, wherein the operation data comprises a switching state, a bridge arm phase voltage, the polarity of an alternating current side phase current and a clamping diode current;
(2) the model of the diode neutral point clamping type three-level rectifier carries out fault classification according to the short circuit state and the open circuit state of a circuit, and the fault classification comprises the following three types:
a type: no switching device fails;
b type: only one switching device has a short-circuit fault;
class C: only one switching device has an open circuit fault;
(3) based on a current circulation path method, the NPC three-level rectifier circuit working in different switching states is subjected to fault characteristic analysis according to B-type short-circuit faults or C-type open-circuit faults respectively to obtain single-tube short-circuit fault or open-circuit diagnosis information, and the single-tube short-circuit fault or open-circuit diagnosis information is correspondingly input into a single-tube short-circuit fault diagnosis module or a single-tube open-circuit fault diagnosis module to carry out fault diagnosis and determine the fault type.
Furthermore, 4 IGBT switching devices S connected in series for each phase bridge arm in B typex1-Sx4The method comprises the following steps of:
(A101) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma1The short-circuit fault diagnosis process is as follows:
when the current on the a-phase cross current side is in the negative direction, the a-phase bridge arm is in an O state, if the clamping diode VDa2When the current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, the switching device S is judgeda1A short circuit occurs;
when the current on the cross current side of a is in the positive direction, if the clamping diode VDa1Without current, clamping diode VDa2Has current and a cross current side current is not equal to VD of the clamping diodea2Upper current, determining the switching device Sa1A short circuit occurs;
(A102) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma4The short-circuit fault diagnosis process is as follows:
when the switching state of the a-phase bridge arm is in an O state and the current on the a-phase current-crossing side is in a positive direction, if the clamping diode VDa1Is supplied with current, determines the switching device Sa4Short circuit failure;
when the current on the cross current side of a is in the negative direction, if the clamping diode VDa1Upper current, VDa2Has no current, and a intersects with the current on the current side and VDa1When the currents are not equal, the switching device S is determineda4Short circuit failure;
(A103) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma3The short-circuit fault diagnosis process is as follows:
when the a-phase bridge arm is in a P switch state, if the clamping diode VDa2The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgeda3Short-circuiting;
(A104) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma2The short-circuit fault diagnosis process is as follows:
when the switching state of the a-phase bridge arm is N, if the clamping diode VDa1The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgeda2Short-circuit failure occurs;
(B101) switching device S for b-phase bridge armb1The process of diagnosing the occurrence of the short-circuit fault is as follows:
when the current on the cross current side of the phase b is in the negative direction, the bridge arm of the phase b is in an O state, if the clamping diode VD is adoptedb2When the current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, the switching device S is judgedb1A short circuit occurs;
when the current on the cross current side of the b is in the positive direction, if the clamping diode VDb1Without current, clamping diode VDb2Has current and b cross current side current is not equal to the clamp diode VDb2Upper current, determining the switching device Sb1Short-circuit failure occurs;
(B102) switching device S for b-phase bridge armb4The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the switching state of the b-phase bridge arm is in an O state and the current on the side of the b-phase cross current is in a positive direction, if the clamping diode VDb1Is supplied with current, determines the switching device Sb4Short-circuiting;
when the current on the cross current side of b is in the negative direction, if the clamping diode VDb1Upper current, VDb2Has no current, and b intersects with VDb1When the currents are not equal, the switching device S is determinedb4Short-circuiting;
(B103) switching device S for b-phase bridge armb3The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the b-phase bridge arm is in a P switch state, if the clamping diode VDb2The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgedb3Short-circuiting;
(B104) switching device S for b-phase bridge armb2The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the switching state of the b-phase bridge arm is N, if the clamping diode VDb1The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgedb2Short-circuit failure occurs;
(C101) switching device S for c-phase bridge armc1The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the current on the cross current side of the c phase is in the negative direction, the c-phase bridge arm is in an O state, and the clamping diode VDc2When the current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, the switching device S is judgedc1A short circuit occurs;
when the current on the side of the c cross current is in the positive direction, if the clamping diode VDc1Without current, clamping diode VDc2Has current and c cross current side current is not equal to the clamp diode VDc2Upper current, determining the switching device Sc1Short-circuit failure occurs;
(C102) switching device Sc4The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the switching state of the c-phase bridge arm is in an O state and the current on the side of the c-phase current intersection is in the positive direction, if the clamping diode VDc1Is supplied with current, determines the switching device Sc4Short-circuiting;
when the current on the side of the cross current is in the negative direction, if the clamping diode VDc1Upper current, VDc2C has no current, and c has a current crossing with VDc1When the currents are not equal, the switching device S is determinedc4Short-circuiting;
(C103) switching device Sc3The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the c-phase bridge arm is in a P switch state, if the clamping diode VDc2The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgedc3Short-circuiting;
(C104) switching device Sc2The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the switching state of the c-phase bridge arm is N, if the clamping diode VDc1The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgedc2A short-circuit fault occurs.
Further, to the switching device Sa1-Sa4The steps for diagnosing the single-tube open-circuit fault characteristics are as follows:
(A201) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma1The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
when the a-phase load current is in a positive direction and the a-phase switch state is P, no fault occurs;
when the load current of the a-phase is in the negative direction and the switching state of the a-phase is P, if the load current flows through the clamping diode VDa1Is not 0, and the voltage UanIs not equal to Udc1The AC side phase current is equal to the clamp diode VDa1Upper current, determining the switching device Sa1An open circuit fault occurs;
(A202) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma4The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
when the a-phase switch state is N, the a-phase load current is in the positive direction, and if the a-phase load current flows through the clamping diode Da2Is not 0 and phase voltage Uan is not equal to Udc2Then, the switching device S is determineda4Opening a circuit;
(A203) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma2The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
in the P state, ia<At 0, if there is no current on the a phase, the clamping diode VDa1The current at is also 0, and Uan<0, determination of the switching device Sa2Single tube open circuit failure;
in the O state, when ia>When 0, the rectifier does not fail; when i isa<At 0, the switch state is changed from O to N; the conditions for judging the fault at this time are as follows: ia<At 0, the clamping diode VDa1No current above, phase voltage Uan<0;For distinguishing from short-circuit fault, time-alternating side phase current i different from short-circuit faultaIs equal to the clamping diode VDa1A current on the substrate;
(A204) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma3The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
if the fault occurs in the N state, ia>At 0, there is no current on the a phase, the clamping diode VDa2Upper current is 0, and Uan>0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ia>At 0, the clamping diode VDa2No current above, phase voltage Uan>0, time alternating side phase current i different from short-circuit faultaIs equal to the clamping diode VDa2A current on the substrate;
(B201) s for b-phase bridge armb1The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when the b-phase load current is in a positive direction and the b-phase switch state is P, no fault occurs;
when the b-phase load current is in the negative direction and the b-phase switch state is P, if a fault occurs, the fault flows through the clamping diode VDb1Is not 0, and the voltage UbnIs not equal to Udc1. The phase current on the AC side is equal to the voltage of the clamping diode VDb1Upper current, unlike a short circuit fault;
(B202) s for b-phase bridge armb4The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when the b-phase switch state is N, the b-phase load current is in the positive direction, and when the b-phase switch state is N, the b-phase load current flows through the clamping diode Db2Is not 0 and phase voltage Ubn is not equal to Udc2Then, the switching device S is determinedb4Open circuit failure;
(B203) s for b-phase bridge armb2The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sb2When open-circuit fault occurs, the b-phase bridge arm only has N state and ib>The O state at 0 is valid;
when a fault occurs in the P state, ib<At 0, no current is in phase b, and the clamping diode VDb1The current at is also 0, and Ubn<0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ib>At 0, the rectifier will not fail. When i isb<At 0, the switch state is changed from O to N; when i isb<At 0, the clamping diode VDb1No current above, phase voltage Ubn<0; decision switch device Sb4Open circuit failure;
(B204) s for b-phase bridge armb3The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sb3When open-circuit fault occurs, the b-phase bridge arm only has P state and ib<The O state at 0 is valid;
if the fault occurs in the N state, ib>At 0, no current is in phase b, and the clamping diode VDb2Upper current is 0, and Ubn>0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ib>At 0, the clamping diode VDb2No current above, phase voltage Ubn>0, alternating side phase current ibIs equal to the clamping diode VDb2A current on the substrate;
(C201) s for c-phase bridge armc1The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when the c-phase load current is in a positive direction and the c-phase switch state is P, no fault occurs;
when the c-phase load current is in the negative direction and the c-phase switch state is P, if a fault occurs, the fault flows through the clamping diode VDc1Is not 0, and the voltage UcnIs not equal to Udc1;
(C202) S for c-phase bridge armc4The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sc4When an open-circuit fault occurs, the state of the switch of the c-phase bridge arm N is only influenced;
when the c-phase switch state is N, the c-phase load current is in the positive direction, and when the c-phase load current flows through the clamping diode Dc2Is not 0, and the phase voltage UcnIs not equal to Udc2Then, the switching device S is determinedc4Open circuit failure;
(C203) s for c-phase bridge armc2The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sc2When open-circuit fault occurs, the c-phase bridge arm only has N state and ic>The O state at 0 is valid. When a fault occurs in the P state, ic<At 0, no current is on the c-phase, the clamping diode VDc1The current at is also 0, and Ucn<0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ic>At 0, the rectifier will not fail. When i isc<At 0, the switch state is changed from O to N; when i isc<When 0, if the clamping diode VDc1No current above, phase voltage Ucn<0, determination of Sc2Single tube open circuit failure;
(C204) s for c-phase bridge armc3The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sc3When open-circuit fault occurs, the c-phase bridge arm only has P state and ic<The O state at 0 is valid;
if the fault occurs in the N state, ic>At 0, no current is on the c-phase, the clamping diode VDc2Upper current is 0, and Ucn>0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ic>At 0, the clamping diode VDc2No current above, phase voltage Ucn>0, time alternating side phase current i different from short-circuit faultcIs equal to the clamping diode VDc2The current in the capacitor.
Further, in the method, for the switching device Sa1-Sa4And fault output is always kept after the short circuit or open circuit fault of the single tube is judged.
Furthermore, the diagnostic failure categories in the method have 25 cases, wherein the A category is 1 category, the B category comprises 12 categories, and the C category comprises 12 categories.
Furthermore, the method is used for switching the tube Sa1-Sa4When a fault occurs, the fault diagnosis module outputs a high level.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention can simultaneously detect the short circuit or short circuit fault of a single switch tube. The method realizes the diagnosis of the open-circuit short-circuit fault of the switching tube of the NPC three-level rectifier by utilizing the switching state, the bridge arm phase voltage, the alternating current polarity and the clamping two-turn-off current. Compared with the fault diagnosis method based on the signals, the diagnosis method does not need to process the fault diagnosis signal, and the short-circuit and open-circuit faults can be directly identified according to the characteristics of the selected signals. Compared with the fault diagnosis method based on knowledge, the method can realize online diagnosis, does not need to learn and train a large amount of fault data, and greatly reduces the workload. In addition, the diagnosis method does not need to carry out complex algorithm operation, and has simple logic diagnosis thought, high diagnosis speed and high reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1(a) is a schematic diagram of forward current when the switch state is 'P' in the embodiment;
FIG. 1(b) is a schematic diagram showing the flow of forward current when the switch state is 'O' in the embodiment;
FIG. 1(c) shows that when the bridge arm is in 'N' state, the forward current passes through Sx3And Sx4The current of (a); a schematic diagram;
FIG. 1(d) shows the case where the switch state is 'P' in the embodiment, the current passes through S from the positive pole of the DC sidex1,Sx2A current schematic of (a);
in the embodiment of FIG. 1(e), when the bridge arm is in the 'O' state, the current passes through the neutral point D from the DC sidex1,Sx2A schematic diagram of the path to the bridge arm termination point;
FIG. 1(f) shows the state of the switch at 'N' in the embodiment, Dx3And Dx4Providing a current path;
fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a current flow path before a short-circuit fault occurs in the switching device when the current on the current-intersecting side is in a negative direction;
fig. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of a current flow path after a short-circuit fault occurs in the switching device when the current on the current-intersecting side of a is in a negative direction;
fig. 2(c) is a current flow path diagram before the switching device fails when the current on the cross current side a is in the positive direction;
fig. 2(d) is a current flow path diagram after the switching device has failed when the current on the cross current side of a is in the positive direction;
FIG. 3(a) is a switching device Sa3A schematic diagram of a current flow path before short circuit;
FIG. 3(b) is a switching device Sa3A schematic diagram of a current circulation path after short circuit;
FIG. 4 switching device Sa1Schematic diagram of current circulation path before and after open circuit.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of explaining the technical solution disclosed in the present invention in detail, the following description is further made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a method for diagnosing short-circuit and open-circuit faults of a switching tube of a three-level rectifier, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(S1) the switching state, the bridge arm phase voltage, the polarity of the ac side current, and the clamp diode current of the diode NPC three-level rectifier circuit are selected as the fault characteristics. Each phase of the NPC three-level rectifier is formed by connecting 4 IGBT switching devices in series, each switching device is connected with 1 freewheeling diode in anti-parallel, and a three-phase bridge arm is connected with two capacitors C connected in series in parallel1,C2. Two IGBT switching devices in the middle of each phase are connected with two diodes connected in series in parallel, and the middle point of the two diodes connected in series is connected with two series capacitors C1,C2At the midpoint of (i.e. V)dAt the voltage of/2, the middle points (a, b and C) of 4 series-connected IGBT switching devices of each phase are input and connected with a corresponding three-phase power supply, the alternating-current side phase current is the current output by the power supply of each phase, and the bridge arm phase voltage is the middle point (a, b and C) of each phase and 2 series-connected capacitors C1,C2The switching state is a driving signal for controlling the on and off of the 4 series-connected IGBT switching devices, and the NPC three-level rectifier has three switching states, which are P, O, N respectively. The P state is a driving signal for controlling the upper 2 IGBT switching devices of each phase to be switched on and the lower 2 IGBT switching devices of each phase to be switched off, and the O state is a driving signal for controlling the middle 2 IGBT switching devices of each phase to be switched onThe N state is a driving signal for controlling the lower 2 IGBT switching devices of each phase to be switched on and the upper two IGBT switching devices to be switched off.
(S2) a model of the NPC three-level rectifier is established, and fault classification is carried out according to actual operation single-tube open circuit and single-tube short circuit faults, wherein the three types of the faults are 25.
1) The first type: and (4) normally operating, and no switching device generates short-circuit open-circuit fault.
2) The second type: short-circuit fault occurs to only one switching device, namely, each phase bridge arm is provided with 4 IGBT switching devices (S) connected in seriesx1-Sx4And short-circuit faults occur in any one of the switching tubes of i, b and c), and the number of the switching tubes is 12.
3) In the third category: only one switching device has open-circuit fault, namely 4 IGBT switching devices (S) connected in series in each phase bridge armx1-Sx4And the open-circuit fault occurs in any one of the switching tubes i, a, b and c), and the number of the switching tubes is 12.
(S3) in view of circuit symmetry, taking an A-phase bridge arm as an example, performing single-tube short-circuit fault characteristic analysis of the second type in the step (2) on four switching tubes working in a P, O, N state to obtain a single-tube short-circuit fault diagnosis basis, inputting the single-tube short-circuit fault diagnosis basis to a single-tube short-circuit fault diagnosis module for diagnosis, and diagnosing 13 types of first type and second type faults of the NPC three-level rectifier.
(S4) performing single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic analysis of the second type in the step (2) on four switching tubes of the a-phase bridge arm in a P, O, N state to obtain a single-tube open-circuit fault diagnosis basis, inputting the single-tube open-circuit fault diagnosis basis to the single-tube open-circuit fault diagnosis module for diagnosis, and diagnosing a third type of faults of the NPC three-level rectifier under 12 conditions.
Specifically, fig. 1 shows a current flowing path of the three-phase NPC rectifier based on the switching states and a flowing direction of the phase current, each phase arm can output three switching states, ('P' and 'O' and 'N'), and the corresponding voltage is a voltage from an arm midpoint 'x (a, b, c)' to a neutral point 'N', as shown in fig. 1. The switch state 'P' expresses that the two switches S at the top of the bridge armx1And Sx2Are simultaneously conducted and bridge arm voltage VxnIs + Vdc/2. The switch state 'O' means that the middle two switches Sx2And Sx3Are simultaneously conducted and have a voltage VxnIs 0V. When the switch state is 'N', then the two lowest switches Sx3 and Sx4 are simultaneously turned on, and V is at this timexnis-Vdc/2。
According to phase current ixIn the direction of (1), each leg of the three-phase NPC rectifier has 6 current paths. FIG. 1(a) shows that when the switch state is 'P', a forward current flows through Dx2And Dx1Leading to the dc side anode. When the switching state is 'O', as shown in FIG. 1(b), a forward current flows through Sx3And Dx2Leading to the neutral point. In most cases, if the NPC rectifier operates well at unity power factor, the path of forward current flow is in the switching state of 'P' and 'O'. When the bridge arm is in 'N' state, the forward current passes through S as shown in FIG. 1(c)x3And Sx4. There are three reverse current paths, corresponding to the current forward path, depending on the switching state, as shown in fig. 1 (d-f). When the switch state is 'P', the current passes through S from the positive pole of the direct current sidex1,Sx2. When the bridge arm is in an 'O' state, the current passes through D from a neutral point on the direct current sidex1,Sx2And flows to the bridge arm termination point. Finally, when the switch state is 'N', Dx3And Dx4Providing a current path.
The switching state, the bridge arm phase voltage, the alternating current side current and the clamping diode current of the NPC three-level rectifier are respectively extracted as fault characteristics, and short-circuit and open fault characteristics under different switching states are analyzed based on a current circulation path method. In view of the symmetry of the circuit, taking the a-phase bridge arm as an example, the single-tube short-circuit characteristics of 4 switching tubes of the a-phase bridge arm are analyzed.
(A) Short circuit fault
When a short-circuit fault occurs, three continuous switching devices of the same bridge arm are conducted at the same time at a certain moment, and at the moment, the bus capacitor C1Or C2Is shorted. The invention only considers the short-circuit fault of a single switch tube, so long as the short-circuit fault can be firstly detectedAnd accurately judging which switching tube has short-circuit fault, and only keeping outputting the first switching tube meeting the fault condition no matter whether other switching tubes meet the fault condition.
(101) Short circuit of external switching device
Firstly, a switching device Sa1The occurrence of a short-circuit fault is taken as an example. When the switching state of the a-phase bridge arm is P state or N state, the switching device Sa1The short circuit does not affect the rectifier output. Therefore, the operation conditions of the rectifier before and after the fault of the a-phase bridge arm in the O state need to be compared to judge whether the short-circuit fault occurs. When the current on the cross current side of a is in a negative direction, if a fault occurs, the switching device Sa1、Sa2、Sa3And a clamp diode VDa2Torch C with DC bus1The short-circuit, current flow paths before and after the fault are shown in fig. 2(a) and (b). The switching device S is obtained by comparing the difference of current circulation paths before and after the faulta1The diagnosis basis of the short-circuit fault is as follows: when the a-phase bridge arm is in an O state, the a-phase load current is in a negative direction, and the clamping diode VDa2When the current flowing upward is not 0, the switching device S is explaineda1A short circuit occurs.
When the current on the cross current side of a is in the positive direction, if a fault occurs, the switching element Sa1、Sa2、Sa3And a clamp diode VDa2Will also connect the DC bus capacitor C1The short circuit and the current flow paths before and after the fault are shown in fig. 2(c) and (d). Can obtain ia>0-time switching device Sa1Basis of short-circuit failure: clamping diode VDa1Without current, clamping diode VDa2Has current and a cross current side current is not equal to VD of the clamping diodea2At the time of the upper current, the switching device S is explaineda1A short-circuit fault occurs.
Similarly, the switching device Sa4The short-circuit fault judgment method comprises the following steps: when the switching state of the a-phase bridge arm is in an O state and the current on the a-phase current-crossing side is in a positive direction, if the clamping diode VDa1Above, a current flows, illustrating the switching device Sa4And (4) short-circuiting. When the current on the cross current side of a is in the negative direction, the clamping diode VDa1Upper current, VDa2Has no current, and a intersects with the current on the current side and VDa1The currents on are not equal.
(102) Internal switching device short circuit
Firstly, a switching device Sa3The occurrence of a short-circuit fault is taken as an example. Switching device Sa3The current flow paths before and after the short circuit are shown in fig. 3(a) and (b). When the switching state of the a-phase bridge arm is O state or N state, the switching device Sa3The short circuit does not affect the rectifier output. The operation conditions of the rectifier before and after the fault of the a-phase bridge arm in the P state are compared to judge whether the short circuit occurs. When the a-phase bridge arm is in a P switch state, if the clamping diode VDa2The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, which indicates that the switching device Sa3And (4) short-circuiting.
Similarly, the switching device Sa2The short-circuit fault judgment method comprises the following steps: and when the switch state of the a-phase bridge arm is N. If the clamping diode VDa1The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, indicating that the switching device S isa2A short-circuit fault occurs.
In addition, all short-circuit faults are fault conditions which can occur at the moment of judging the occurrence of the faults, and fault conditions are overlapped with each other. When the switching tube has a fault, the fault diagnosis module outputs a high level. With Sa1For example, when a short-circuit fault occurs, except for the judgment of Sa1The module will output high level and judge Sa4The module of (2) will also output high level, but the judgement fault basis that every switch tube used all designs according to self parameter characteristics, when a certain switch tube broke down, must output corresponding high level at first, and the quantity of high level is also the most. Therefore, when the judgment conditions are coincident, the invention adopts a counting module to record the quantity of the high level output by each switching tube, and can make accurate judgment.
(B) Open circuit fault
(201) External switching device open circuit
Firstly, a switching device Sa1An open circuit fault occurs as an example. When the switching state of the a-phase bridge arm is N state or O state, the switching device Sa1Open circuit and non-rectifier outputAn influence is produced. Therefore, the operation conditions of the rectifier before and after the fault in the state of the a-phase bridge arm P need to be compared, and whether the open-circuit fault occurs or not is further judged. When the a-phase load current is positive and the a-phase switch state is P, the current passes through Da2,Da1And the current flows to the bus capacitor, so that no fault occurs. When the load current of the phase a is in a negative direction and the switching state of the phase a is P, if a fault occurs, the phase current of the phase a can only pass through the clamping diode VD from the midpoint n of the bus capacitora1Switching device Sa2To the ac side, which means that the switch state changes from P to O. I isa>The 0, P-state pre-and post-fault current flow paths are shown in fig. 4, where the dashed lines represent the pre-fault current flow paths and the solid lines represent the post-fault current flow paths.
As can be seen from fig. 4, when the a-phase load current is in the negative direction and the a-phase switching state is P, the current flows through the clamp diode VDa1Is not 0, and the voltage UanIs not equal to Udc1. In order to distinguish between open-circuit faults and short-circuit faults, a further criterion is applied here: i.e. ia=id1. When the above conditions are satisfied, the switching device Sa1An open circuit fault occurs.
Similarly, when switching device Sa4When an open-circuit fault occurs, the O switch state and the P switch state of the a-phase bridge arm are not influenced. Therefore, if the a-phase switch state is N, the a-phase load current is in the positive direction and flows through the clamping diode Da2Is not 0, and the voltage UanIs not equal to Udc2Now, the switching device S is explaineda4And (4) opening the circuit. To differentiate between open and short faults, a condition may be imposed: i.e. ia=id2。
(202) Internal switching device open circuit
When switching device Sa2In the event of an open-circuit fault, the current cannot flow from the switching device Sa2Flows upwards, so that the a-phase arm ia<P switch state loss at 0, ia<O-switch state loss at 0. The a-phase bridge arm only has N state and ia>The O state at 0 is valid. When a fault occurs in the P state, ia<At 0, there is no current on the a phase, the clamping diode VDa1Current atIs 0, and Uan<0. If the fault occurs in the O state, when ia>At 0, current passes through Sa3、Da2The rectifier will not fail. When i isa<When 0, the current path changes, and the current can only pass through D from the midpoint n of the direct current busa4And Da3To the ac side. This means that the switch state is changed from O to N. The conditions for judging the fault at this time are as follows: i.e. ia<At 0, the clamping diode VDa1No current above, phase voltage Uan<0. To distinguish from a short-circuit fault, a judgment condition is added: i.e. iaIs equal to ida1。
Similarly, when switching device Sa3When open-circuit fault occurs, a phase bridge arm ia>N loss of switching state at 0, ia>O-switch state loss at 0. The a-phase bridge arm only has P state and ia<The O state at 0 is valid. Thus, if a fault occurs in the N state, ia>At 0, there is no current on the a phase, the clamping diode VDa2Upper current is 0, and Uan>0. If the fault occurs in the O state, when ia>At 0, the clamping diode VDa2No current above, phase voltage Uan>0, to distinguish from a short-circuit fault, a judgment condition is added: i.e. iaIs equal to id2。
The method can effectively diagnose open circuit and short circuit faults in the rectifier, has simple operation, quick diagnosis, reliable result and lower hardware cost, can be applied to application occasions with different power grades, and has bright characteristics and popularization.
Claims (6)
1. A method for diagnosing short-circuit and open-circuit faults of a switching tube of a three-level rectifier is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting and collecting operation data of the diode neutral point clamped three-level rectifier circuit, wherein the operation data comprises a switching state, a bridge arm phase voltage, the polarity of an alternating current side phase current and a clamping diode current;
(2) the model of the diode neutral point clamping type three-level rectifier carries out fault classification according to the short circuit state and the open circuit state of a circuit, and the fault classification comprises the following three types:
a type: no switching device fails;
b type: only one switching device has a short-circuit fault;
class C: only one switching device has an open circuit fault;
(3) based on a current circulation path method, the NPC three-level rectifier circuit working in different switching states is subjected to fault characteristic analysis according to B-type short-circuit faults or C-type open-circuit faults respectively to obtain single-tube short-circuit fault or open-circuit diagnosis information, and the single-tube short-circuit fault or open-circuit diagnosis information is correspondingly input into a single-tube short-circuit fault diagnosis module or a single-tube open-circuit fault diagnosis module to carry out fault diagnosis and determine the fault type.
2. The method of diagnosing short and open switching tube faults in a three-level rectifier according to claim 1, wherein: for IGBT switching device S with 4 bridge arms in series connection in each phase in B typex1-Sx4The method comprises the following steps of:
(A101) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma1The short-circuit fault diagnosis process is as follows:
when the current on the a-phase cross current side is in the negative direction, the a-phase bridge arm is in an O state, if the clamping diode VDa2When the current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, the switching device S is judgeda1A short circuit occurs;
when the current on the cross current side of a is in the positive direction, if the clamping diode VDa1Without current, clamping diode VDa2Has current and a cross current side current is not equal to VD of the clamping diodea2Upper current, determining the switching device Sa1A short circuit occurs;
(A102) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma4The short-circuit fault diagnosis process is as follows:
when the switching state of the a-phase bridge arm is in an O state and the current on the a-phase current-crossing side is in a positive direction, if the clamping diode VDa1Is supplied with current, determines the switching device Sa4Short circuit failure;
when a.C. currentThe side current is in negative direction if the clamping diode VDa1Upper current, VDa2Has no current, and a intersects with the current on the current side and VDa1When the currents are not equal, the switching device S is determineda4Short circuit failure;
(A103) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma3The short-circuit fault diagnosis process is as follows:
when the a-phase bridge arm is in a P switch state, if the clamping diode VDa2The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgeda3Short-circuiting;
(A104) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma2The short-circuit fault diagnosis process is as follows:
when the switching state of the a-phase bridge arm is N, if the clamping diode VDa1The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgeda2Short-circuit failure occurs;
(B101) switching device S for b-phase bridge armb1The process of diagnosing the occurrence of the short-circuit fault is as follows:
when the current on the cross current side of the phase b is in the negative direction, the bridge arm of the phase b is in an O state, if the clamping diode VD is adoptedb2When the current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, the switching device S is judgedb1A short circuit occurs;
when the current on the cross current side of the b is in the positive direction, if the clamping diode VDb1Without current, clamping diode VDb2Has current and b cross current side current is not equal to the clamp diode VDb2Upper current, determining the switching device Sb1Short-circuit failure occurs;
(B102) switching device S for b-phase bridge armb4The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the switching state of the b-phase bridge arm is in an O state and the current on the side of the b-phase cross current is in a positive direction, if the clamping diode VDb1Is supplied with current, determines the switching device Sb4Short-circuiting;
when the current on the cross current side of b is in the negative direction, if the clamping diode VDb1Upper current, VDb2Has no current, and b intersects with VDb1When the currents are not equal, the switching device S is determinedb4Short-circuiting;
(B103) switching device S for b-phase bridge armb3The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the b-phase bridge arm is in a P switch state, if the clamping diode VDb2The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgedb3Short-circuiting;
(B104) switching device S for b-phase bridge armb2The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the switching state of the b-phase bridge arm is N, if the clamping diode VDb1The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgedb2Short-circuit failure occurs;
(C101) switching device S for c-phase bridge armc1The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the current on the cross current side of the c phase is in the negative direction, the c-phase bridge arm is in an O state, and the clamping diode VDc2When the current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, the switching device S is judgedc1A short circuit occurs;
when the current on the side of the c cross current is in the positive direction, if the clamping diode VDc1Without current, clamping diode VDc2Has current and c cross current side current is not equal to the clamp diode VDc2Upper current, determining the switching device Sc1Short-circuit failure occurs;
(C102) switching device Sc4The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the switching state of the c-phase bridge arm is in an O state and the current on the side of the c-phase current intersection is in the positive direction, if the clamping diode VDc1Is supplied with current, determines the switching device Sc4Short-circuiting;
when the current on the side of the cross current is in the negative direction, if the clamping diode VDc1Upper current, VDc2C has no current, and c has a current crossing with VDc1When the currents are not equal, the switching device S is determinedc4Short-circuiting;
(C103) switching device Sc3The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the c-phase bridge arm is in a P switch state, if the clamping diode VDc2The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgedc3Short-circuiting;
(C104) switch with a switch bodyDevice Sc2The short-circuit fault judgment process is as follows:
when the switching state of the c-phase bridge arm is N, if the clamping diode VDc1The current flowing in the upper circuit is not 0, and the switching device S is judgedc2A short-circuit fault occurs.
3. The method of diagnosing an open-circuit fault in a switching tube of a three-level rectifier according to claim 1, wherein: to the switching device Sa1-Sa4The steps for diagnosing the single-tube open-circuit fault characteristics are as follows:
(A201) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma1The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
when the a-phase load current is in a positive direction and the a-phase switch state is P, no fault occurs;
when the load current of the a-phase is in the negative direction and the switching state of the a-phase is P, if the load current flows through the clamping diode VDa1Is not 0, and the voltage UanIs not equal to Udc1The AC side phase current is equal to the clamp diode VDa1Upper current, determining the switching device Sa1An open circuit fault occurs;
(A202) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma4The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
when the a-phase switch state is N, the a-phase load current is in the positive direction, and if the a-phase load current flows through the clamping diode Da2Is not 0 and phase voltage Uan is not equal to Udc2Then, the switching device S is determineda4Opening a circuit;
(A203) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma2The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
in the P state, ia<At 0, if there is no current on the a phase, the clamping diode VDa1The current at is also 0, and Uan<0, determination of the switching device Sa2Single tube open circuit failure;
in the O state, when ia>When 0, the rectifier does not fail; when i isa<At 0, the switch state is changed from O to N; the conditions for judging the fault at this time are as follows: ia<At 0, the clamping diode VDa1No current above, phase voltage Uan<0; for distinguishing from short-circuit fault, time-alternating side phase current i different from short-circuit faultaIs equal to the clamping diode VDa1A current on the substrate;
(A204) switching device S for a-phase bridge arma3The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
if the fault occurs in the N state, ia>At 0, there is no current on the a phase, the clamping diode VDa2Upper current is 0, and Uan>0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ia>At 0, the clamping diode VDa2No current above, phase voltage Uan>0, time alternating side phase current i different from short-circuit faultaIs equal to the clamping diode VDa2A current on the substrate;
(B201) s for b-phase bridge armb1The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when the b-phase load current is in a positive direction and the b-phase switch state is P, no fault occurs;
when the b-phase load current is in the negative direction and the b-phase switch state is P, if a fault occurs, the fault flows through the clamping diode VDb1Is not 0, and the voltage UbnIs not equal to Udc1(ii) a At this time, the phase current on the AC side is equal to the voltage of the clamping diode VDb1Upper current, unlike a short circuit fault;
(B202) s for b-phase bridge armb4The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when the b-phase switch state is N, the b-phase load current is in the positive direction, and when the b-phase switch state is N, the b-phase load current flows through the clamping diode Db2Is not 0 and phase voltage Ubn is not equal to Udc2Then, the switching device S is determinedb4Open circuit failure;
(B203) s for b-phase bridge armb2The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sb2When open-circuit fault occurs, the b-phase bridge arm only has N state and ib>The O state at 0 is valid;
when a fault occurs in the P state, ib<At 0, no current flows in phase bClamping diode VDb1The current at is also 0, and Ubn<0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ib>At 0, the rectifier will not fail. When i isb<At 0, the switch state is changed from O to N; when i isb<At 0, the clamping diode VDb1No current above, phase voltage Ubn<0; decision switch device Sb4Open circuit failure;
(B204) s for b-phase bridge armb3The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sb3When open-circuit fault occurs, the b-phase bridge arm only has P state and ib<The O state at 0 is valid;
if the fault occurs in the N state, ib>At 0, no current is in phase b, and the clamping diode VDb2Upper current is 0, and Ubn>0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ib>At 0, the clamping diode VDb2No current above, phase voltage Ubn>0, alternating side phase current ibIs equal to the clamping diode VDb2A current on the substrate;
(C201) s for c-phase bridge armc1The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when the c-phase load current is in a positive direction and the c-phase switch state is P, no fault occurs;
when the c-phase load current is in the negative direction and the c-phase switch state is P, if a fault occurs, the fault flows through the clamping diode VDc1Is not 0, and the voltage UcnIs not equal to Udc1;
(C202) S for c-phase bridge armc4The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sc4When an open-circuit fault occurs, the state of the switch of the c-phase bridge arm N is only influenced;
when the c-phase switch state is N, the c-phase load current is in the positive direction, and when the c-phase load current flows through the clamping diode Dc2Is not 0, and the phase voltage UcnIs not equal to Udc2Then, the switching device S is determinedc4Open circuit failure;
(C203) s for c-phase bridge armc2The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sc2When open-circuit fault occurs, the c-phase bridge arm only has N state and ic>The O state at 0 is valid. When a fault occurs in the P state, ic<At 0, no current is on the c-phase, the clamping diode VDc1The current at is also 0, and Ucn<0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ic>When 0, the rectifier does not fail; when i isc<At 0, the switch state is changed from O to N; when i isc<When 0, if the clamping diode VDc1No current above, phase voltage Ucn<0, determination of Sc2Single tube open circuit failure;
(C204) s for c-phase bridge armc3The single-tube open-circuit fault characteristic diagnosis process is as follows:
when switching device Sc3When open-circuit fault occurs, the c-phase bridge arm only has P state and ic<The O state at 0 is valid;
if the fault occurs in the N state, ic>At 0, no current is on the c-phase, the clamping diode VDc2Upper current is 0, and Ucn>0;
If the fault occurs in the O state, when ic>At 0, the clamping diode VDc2No current above, phase voltage Ucn>0, time alternating side phase current i different from short-circuit faultcIs equal to the clamping diode VDc2The current in the capacitor.
4. The method of diagnosing short and open switching tube faults in a three-level rectifier according to claim 1, wherein: in the method for the switching device Sa1-Sa4And fault output is always kept after the short circuit or open circuit fault of the single tube is judged.
5. The method of diagnosing short and open switching tube faults in a three-level rectifier according to claim 1, wherein: the diagnostic fault category in the method has 25 cases, wherein the A category is 1 category, the B category comprises 12 categories, and the C category comprises 12 categories.
6. The method of diagnosing short and open switching tube faults in a three-level rectifier according to claim 1, wherein: in the method, when the switch tube S is switched on and offa1-Sa4When a fault occurs, the fault diagnosis module outputs a high level.
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CN113765337A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2021-12-07 | 青岛鼎信通讯股份有限公司 | Self-checking method for T-type three-level inverter switching tube applied to SVG |
CN114184893A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-15 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Power electronic converter and fault management method and system thereof |
CN114184893B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-05-14 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Power electronic converter and fault management method and system thereof |
CN114167303B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-03-24 | 武汉大学 | Open-circuit fault diagnosis method for power switch device of three-phase three-level rectifier |
CN114167303A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-11 | 武汉大学 | Open-circuit fault diagnosis method for power switch device of three-phase three-level rectifier |
CN116435965A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-07-14 | 广州擎天实业有限公司 | Bridge arm fault detection method and device for rectifier bridge |
CN116435965B (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2024-03-19 | 广州擎天实业有限公司 | Bridge arm fault detection method and device for rectifier bridge |
CN118033417A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-05-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Open-circuit fault diagnosis method for controllable rectifier of electro-magnetic doubly salient generator |
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