CN111624142B - Method for testing emission of brake particles of motor vehicle - Google Patents
Method for testing emission of brake particles of motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2252—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust
- G01N2001/2255—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust with dilution of the sample
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the emission of brake particles of a motor vehicle, belonging to the technical field of testing the emission pollutants of the motor vehicle; the method comprises the following steps: obtaining characteristic data of the brake condition of the motor vehicle; the characteristic data at least comprises brake frequency, the speed of the motor vehicle in the brake process, the acceleration of the motor vehicle in the brake process and the real-time wind speed of the following motor vehicle; combining the characteristic data of the motor vehicle brake working conditions with the vehicle driving dynamics to generate brake force data under each brake working condition; building a motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission acquisition and analysis system; and (3) reproducing the brake cycle of the motor vehicle by the brake force data under each brake working condition in the motor vehicle brake particle emission acquisition and analysis system to obtain a measurement result. The method combines the existing motor vehicle discharged particulate matter constant volume sampling system with the brake test bed, can effectively reduce the equipment construction cost, and can realize the quantitative measurement and analysis of the particulate matter when the motor vehicle brakes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor vehicle emission pollutant testing, and particularly relates to a motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission testing method.
Background
At present, in China, severe haze weather frequently occurs in recent years, and particularly, persistent severe haze events frequently occurring in Beijing Ji areas since 2012 have attracted wide attention of the whole society. According to the publication of the ecological environment condition in China in 2018, the number of the air environment quality serious pollution days in the cities above 338 grades in China is increased by 20 days compared with that in 2017, wherein the proportion of the days taking PM2.5 (particles with the particle size of less than 2.5 mu m) as the primary pollutant accounts for 60 percent of the days with the serious pollution and the days taking PM10 (particles with the particle size of less than 10.0 mu m) as the primary pollutant accounts for 37.2 percent. Fine particulate matter has become one of the important causes of haze formation, with mobile pollution sources, which are predominantly motor vehicles, contributing to urban fine particulate matter concentrations of up to 10% -50% or more, and even higher in extreme adverse conditions.
Particulate matter emitted from automobiles can be classified into exhaust emission particles and non-exhaust emission particles according to the generation source thereof. The exhaust emission particles are particles generated by incomplete combustion of fuel during combustion of an engine, while the non-exhaust emission particles are generated by frictional wear of a motor vehicle during operation, such as frictional wear between a brake pad and a brake disc, friction wear between a tire and the ground, and particles generated by the wear are re-suspended in the air by an external force after being deposited on a road surface. Studies have shown that the proportion of non-exhaust emission particles is substantially comparable to the proportion of exhaust emission particles in the total particulate matter emitted by the motor vehicle. With the continuous upgrade of the emission regulations of all countries in the world, the control technology of the exhaust emission particle technology is mature, and because the particulate matter generated by combustion is controlled to be at a very low level, in contrast, the influence of the non-exhaust emission particles on the environment is more prominent,
particulate matter generated by brake braking is taken as an important source of non-exhaust emission particulate matter of a motor vehicle, which accounts for about half of the non-exhaust emission particulate matter, and has attracted attention of relevant scholars and research institutions in the world, but relevant research is still basically in a blank state in China. Meanwhile, due to the particularity of a brake emission particulate matter generation mechanism, the difficulty in quantitative measurement of the emission of brake particulate matter is very high, and the current international research mainly focuses on qualitative research. Therefore, in order to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the influence of brake particulate matter emission on the air quality of urban environments, a quantitative measurement and analysis method for brake particulate matter emission needs to be established.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method for the emission of brake particles of a motor vehicle in order to realize quantitative measurement and analysis of the particles during braking.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for testing the emission of brake particles of a motor vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining characteristic data of the brake condition of the motor vehicle; the characteristic data at least comprises brake frequency, the speed of the motor vehicle in the brake process, the acceleration of the motor vehicle in the brake process and the real-time wind speed of the following motor vehicle;
combining the characteristic data of the motor vehicle brake working conditions with the vehicle driving dynamics to generate brake force data under each brake working condition;
building a motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission acquisition and analysis system;
and (3) reproducing the brake cycle of the motor vehicle by the brake force data under each brake working condition in the motor vehicle brake particle emission acquisition and analysis system to obtain a measurement result.
Further, the method for acquiring the characteristic data of the brake condition of the motor vehicle comprises the following steps:
the driving cycle experiment is carried out by testing vehicles in urban areas, suburbs and expressways, and the characteristic data of the braking condition of the motor vehicle is obtained by utilizing an OBD interface and a vehicle-mounted GPS.
Further, the characteristic data of the brake working condition of the motor vehicle is combined with the driving dynamics of the automobile to generate brake braking force data F under each brake working conditionf(ii) a The calculation formula is as follows:
Ff＝F-Fw (1)
(1) in the formula, FfRolling resistance during braking; f is the total road load stress when the flat road surface is braked; fwThe air resistance is the air resistance when braking; wherein, F and FwThe calculation formula is as follows:
F＝Ma (2)
(2) in the formula, M is the whole vehicle quality of the test vehicle; a is the acceleration during braking;
(3) in the formula, CDIs the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the vehicle; a. thefThe frontal area of the vehicle; v is the speed of the vehicle during braking.
Further, the motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission collecting and analyzing system comprises: the device comprises a control/measurement system, an inertia test bed, a speed reducer, a constant volume dilution system, a sampling system and sensing equipment;
the control/measurement system is in control connection with the inertia test bed and the brake master cylinder; the brake master cylinder is in control connection with the speed reducer; the sensing equipment is respectively connected with the inertia test stand, the speed reducer and the brake master cylinder;
when the speed reducer controls braking at the master brake pump, all exhaust is introduced into the dilution channel of the constant volume dilution system; the sampling system acquires sampling data in the dilution channel; the sensing equipment acquires a plurality of experimental parameters and sends the experimental parameters to the control/measurement system;
and the front end of the dilution channel in the constant volume dilution system is provided with a HEPA level three-layer filtering device.
Further, the sensing device includes: a torque meter, a tachometer, an oil pressure meter, a thermometer and a flow meter; and recording each experimental parameter in real time.
Further, the sampling system comprises a filter paper sampling device, a particle size spectrometer and a particle counter which are all connected with the dilution channel;
wherein, the particle size spectrometer and the particle counter are respectively connected with the control/measurement system.
Furthermore, before the measurement result is obtained, the sampling devices in all the sampling systems need to carry out time synchronization and carry out data acquisition synchronously.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission testing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the existing motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission constant volume sampling system is combined with the brake test bed, so that the equipment construction cost can be effectively reduced;
(2) the method for testing the emission of the particulate matters generated by the braking of the motor vehicle can realize quantitative collection and analysis of the emission of the particulate matters generated by the braking of the motor vehicle;
(3) the method for testing the emission of the brake particles of the motor vehicle is established on the basis of the running result of the motor vehicle under the actual road condition, and the difference between the experimental measurement result and the emission result of the brake particles under the actual road of the motor vehicle is not large, so that the emission characteristic of the brake particles under the actual road of the motor vehicle can be well reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing particulate matter emission during braking of a motor vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a brake particulate matter constant volume sampling system used in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of a method for testing particulate matter emission from a brake of a motor vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
s10, obtaining characteristic data of the brake condition of the motor vehicle; the characteristic data at least comprises brake frequency, the speed of the motor vehicle in the brake process, the acceleration of the motor vehicle in the brake process and the real-time wind speed of the following motor vehicle. The test vehicle carries out driving circulation experiments in urban areas, suburbs and expressways, and meanwhile, the characteristic data of the braking working condition of the motor vehicle is obtained by utilizing OBD interface data and combining a vehicle-mounted GPS mode, wherein the characteristic data at least comprises braking frequency, the speed of the motor vehicle in the braking process, the acceleration of the motor vehicle in the braking process and the real-time wind speed of the following vehicle.
Currently, the main commercially available brake pads mainly include semi-metallic (SM) brake pads, metal-free (LM) brake pads, and non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake pads. Any type of test procedure may be selected to reproduce the test procedure of the present invention, for example, the brake pad used in this embodiment is NAO material. And acquiring the characteristic data of the braking condition of the motor vehicle, which is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 characteristic data of brake conditions
S20, combining the obtained characteristic data of the brake working condition of the motor vehicle with the vehicle driving dynamics to obtain brake braking force data F under each brake working conditionfThe calculation formula is as follows:
Ff＝F-Fw (1)
(1) in the formula, FfRolling resistance during braking; f is the total road load stress when the flat road surface is braked; fwThe air resistance is the air resistance when braking; wherein, F and FwThe calculation formula is as follows:
F＝Ma (2)
(2) in the formula, M is the whole vehicle quality of the test vehicle; a is the acceleration during braking;
(3) in the formula, CDFor aerodynamic drag coefficient of vehicles, according to GB183526-2016 obtained as specified in appendix CC.4; a. thefThe frontal area of the vehicle; v is the speed of the vehicle during braking.
TABLE 2 brake force distribution
S30, building a motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission acquisition and analysis system shown in FIG. 2; this motor vehicle brake particulate matter discharges and gathers analytic system includes: the device comprises a control/measurement system, an inertia test bed, a speed reducer, a constant volume dilution system and a sampling system; wherein: the control/measurement system controls the inertia test stand, controls the speed reducer by controlling the brake master cylinder, and simultaneously controls the speed reducer by sensing equipment, such as: the torque meter, the tachometer, the oil pressure meter, the thermometer and the flowmeter record all experimental parameters in real time, and real-time recording of working condition data in the experimental process is realized. The HEPA level three-layer filtering device is used at the front end of the dilution channel in the constant volume dilution system, so that the influence of particles in the ambient air can be effectively eliminated; the control/measurement system control inertia test bed is arranged at the front end of a dilution channel in the constant volume dilution system; the sampling system comprises a filter paper sampling device, a particle size spectrometer and a particle counter which are all connected with a dilution channel.
When the speed reducer controls braking at the master brake pump, all exhaust is introduced into a dilution channel of the constant volume dilution system; the sampling system acquires sampling data in the dilution channel; the sensing equipment acquires a plurality of experimental parameters and sends the experimental parameters to the control/measurement system;
the particle size spectrometer and the particle counter can be connected with a control/measurement system to transmit parameters such as particle size distribution, particle quantity, mass distribution and the like of particles.
S40, combining the obtained brake force data under each brake working condition, and reproducing the brake cycle of the motor vehicle in the set-up acquisition and analysis system; and the sampling equipment in all the sampling systems needs to carry out time synchronization and synchronously carry out data acquisition. Finally, experimental results such as particle size distribution, particle number, mass distribution and the like of the particles can be obtained, the experimental results corresponding to the above tables 1 and 2 are shown in tables 3 and 4, and in addition, the sampling results can be further characterized by obtaining the element distribution and microstructure distribution of the particles through filter paper sampling.
TABLE 3 particle size distribution of the particles collected
TABLE 4 number and Mass distribution of particles collected
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A method for testing the emission of brake particles of a motor vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining characteristic data of the brake condition of the motor vehicle; the characteristic data at least comprises brake frequency, the speed of the motor vehicle in the brake process, the acceleration of the motor vehicle in the brake process and the real-time wind speed of the following motor vehicle;
combining the characteristic data of the motor vehicle brake working conditions with the vehicle driving dynamics to generate brake force data under each brake working condition;
building a motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission acquisition and analysis system;
inputting brake force data under each brake working condition into a motor vehicle brake particle emission acquisition and analysis system to simulate the motor vehicle brake cycle, and obtaining a measurement result;
combining the characteristic data of the motor vehicle brake working condition with the vehicle driving dynamics to generate brake braking force data F under each brake working conditionf(ii) a The calculation formula is as follows:
Ff＝F-Fw (1)
(1) in the formula, FfRolling resistance during braking; f is the total road load stress when the flat road surface is braked; fwThe air resistance is the air resistance when braking; wherein, F and FwThe calculation formula is as follows:
F＝Ma (2)
(2) in the formula, M is the whole vehicle quality of the test vehicle; a is the acceleration during braking;
(3) in the formula, CDIs the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the vehicle; a. thefThe frontal area of the vehicle; v is the speed of the vehicle during braking.
2. The motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission testing method according to claim 1, wherein: obtaining the characteristic data of the brake condition of the motor vehicle, comprising the following steps:
the driving cycle experiment is carried out by adopting a test vehicle in urban areas, suburbs and expressways, and the characteristic data of the braking condition of the motor vehicle is obtained by utilizing an OBD interface and a vehicle-mounted GPS.
3. The motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission testing method according to claim 1, wherein: the motor vehicle brake particulate matter discharges and gathers analytic system includes: the device comprises a control/measurement system, an inertia test bed, a speed reducer, a constant volume dilution system, a sampling system and sensing equipment;
the control/measurement system is in control connection with the inertia test bed and the brake master cylinder; the brake master cylinder is in control connection with the speed reducer; the sensing equipment is respectively connected with the inertia test stand, the speed reducer and the brake master cylinder;
when the speed reducer controls braking at the master brake pump, all exhaust is introduced into the dilution channel of the constant volume dilution system; the sampling system acquires sampling data in the dilution channel; the sensing equipment acquires a plurality of experimental parameters and sends the experimental parameters to the control/measurement system;
and the front end of the dilution channel in the constant volume dilution system is provided with a HEPA level three-layer filtering device.
4. The motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission testing method of claim 3, wherein:
the sensing device includes: a torque meter, a tachometer, an oil pressure meter, a thermometer and a flow meter; and recording each experimental parameter in real time.
5. The motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission testing method of claim 3, wherein: the sampling system comprises a filter paper sampling device, a particle size spectrometer and a particle counter which are all connected with the dilution channel;
wherein, the particle size spectrometer and the particle counter are respectively connected with the control/measurement system.
6. The motor vehicle brake particulate matter emission testing method of claim 4, wherein: before the measurement result is obtained, the sampling devices in all the sampling systems need to carry out time synchronization and carry out data acquisition synchronously.
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