CN111612225A - Optimal configuration method of harmonic wave measuring device - Google Patents

Optimal configuration method of harmonic wave measuring device Download PDF

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CN111612225A
CN111612225A CN202010382049.3A CN202010382049A CN111612225A CN 111612225 A CN111612225 A CN 111612225A CN 202010382049 A CN202010382049 A CN 202010382049A CN 111612225 A CN111612225 A CN 111612225A
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李胜文
常潇
张敏
雷达
高乐
张世锋
宋述勇
樊瑞
李慧蓬
赵军
毛瑞
张旭
徐永海
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an optimal configuration method of a harmonic measurement device, which comprises the following steps: step 1: analyzing the observability of the system; step 2: the harmonic measurement device is configured according to step 3: constructing an incidence matrix; and 4, step 4: setting an objective function; and 5: setting constraint conditions for four different situations; step 6: solving the model to obtain a configuration result; the harmonic wave measuring device optimal configuration method can solve the problems that the current harmonic wave measuring device is single in optimal configuration scheme, and how to configure the harmonic wave measuring devices when part of nodes in the actual engineering are originally configured or the number of the measuring devices is limited can reach the maximum observable range of the system.

Description

Optimal configuration method of harmonic wave measuring device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy quality analysis, in particular to an optimal configuration method of a harmonic measurement device.
Background
With the access of distributed power, the structure of the power grid has changed greatly, however, the access of distributed power brings advantages to the power distribution network and also brings new challenges. After the distributed power supply is connected to the power distribution network, power generation and power utilization in the system can coexist, the power distribution network is changed from an original radial structure to a multi-power structure, the operating characteristics show new characteristics, and the problem of harmonic pollution is more serious. The research and treatment on the harmonic pollution are beneficial to improving the production, transmission and use efficiency of electric energy, prolonging the service time of electrical equipment, enhancing the anti-interference capability of communication equipment and electronic devices and the like. Therefore, in order to effectively solve the problem of harmonic pollution in the power distribution network in time, reasonably divide the harmonic responsibility, and effectively control and manage the harmonic source, the harmonic source in the power distribution network needs to be effectively positioned.
Considering that the number of nodes of a power distribution network with a distributed power supply is large, and the distribution of harmonic sources has sparsity and randomness, the harmonic sources need to be effectively positioned by combining harmonic measurement information of multiple nodes. The number and the position of the harmonic measurement devices affect the accuracy of positioning the harmonic source, however, in consideration of economy, it is impossible to install a measurement device at each node in the power distribution network, and therefore, it is necessary to develop a study on the optimal configuration of the harmonic measurement devices, thereby achieving the purpose of obtaining higher accuracy of positioning the harmonic source with the least economic cost. At present, in research, an optimized configuration scheme for a harmonic measurement device is mostly developed based on global observability of a system network, a related algorithm is mainly improved, the formed configuration scheme is relatively single, and the condition that how to configure the harmonic measurement device originally configured in part of nodes in an actual project or how to configure the harmonic measurement device when the number of the measurement devices is limited can reach the maximum observable range of the system is not considered.
Therefore, it is desirable to have an optimal configuration method for a harmonic measurement apparatus that can solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses an optimal configuration method of a harmonic measurement device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: analyzing the observability of the system;
step 2: the harmonic wave measuring device is configured according to
And step 3: constructing an incidence matrix;
and 4, step 4: setting an objective function;
and 5: setting constraint conditions for four different situations;
step 6: and solving the model to obtain a configuration result.
Preferably, the step 1 of analyzing observability of the system comprises the following specific steps: knowing the topology of the power system network, if the current state of the system can be solved by measuring the quantity obtained by the system, the system is observable, if each node in the power system is observable, the system is globally observable, otherwise the system is not globally observable.
Preferably, in the step 3, the incidence matrix B between the nodes is obtained according to a network topology structure of the system, n nodes are provided in the system, and if the node i is connected with the node j or the node i is equal to the node j, B ij1 is ═ 1; if node i is not connected to node j, bij0, the expression is as formula (1):
Figure BDA0002482530800000021
preferably, in step 4, if the cost coefficient of the measuring device is set to 1, the objective function is expressed by formula (2):
min z＝x1+…+xj+…+xn(2)
wherein when xjWhen the value is 1, a harmonic wave measuring device is arranged at the node j; when x isjA time of 0 indicates that no configuration is performed at node j.
Preferably, the four different cases of setting the constraint condition in step 5 include:
(1) when the system is required to be globally observable and the configuration quantity of the measuring devices is not limited;
(2) when part of nodes of the system are provided with measuring devices and need to be subjected to optimal configuration again;
(3) when the number of the measurement devices is limited and the important nodes are required to be observed;
(4) when some measuring devices are installed, more important nodes are required to be observed, and the number of newly added devices is limited.
Preferably, in order to ensure the overall observability of the system, in the case (1), the sum of the elements of each row in the correlation matrix B is greater than or equal to 1, that is, at least one measuring device needs to be installed in the node connected to each row, where the constraint condition is formula (3):
Figure BDA0002482530800000031
wherein b isijRepresents the ith row and the jth column in the incidence matrix B, x represents the quantity to be solved, and when x is solvedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
Preferably, the constraint condition is set to formula (4) in case (2):
Figure BDA0002482530800000032
wherein b isijDenotes the ith row and jth column, x in the correlation matrix B k11 to x kr1 represents that all r harmonic wave measuring devices are installed from a node k1 to a node kr in the system, x represents the quantity to be obtained, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
Preferably, in the case (3), the association matrix B is subjected to weight sorting according to the configuration in the step 2 to obtain a new association matrix B', and when the node c requiring the weight coefficient ranking can observe and the number of the measurement devices configured is at most d, the constraint condition is formula (5):
Figure BDA0002482530800000033
wherein b iscjThe j th row and the j th column in the c th row in the incidence matrix B are represented, d represents that the number of the measurement devices is at most d, x represents the to-be-measured quantity, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
Preferably, in the case (4), the original system has r nodes installed with measurement devices, and when c nodes before the weight coefficient ranking are required to be observed and the number of measurement devices is d at most, the constraint condition is formula (6):
Figure BDA0002482530800000041
wherein b iscjRepresenting associationsThe row c and the column j in the matrix B, d represents that the number of the measurement devices is at most d, and x k11 to x kr1 represents that all r harmonic wave measuring devices are installed from a node k1 to a node kr in the system, x represents a waiting variable, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
The invention provides an optimal configuration method of a harmonic wave measuring device, which can solve the problems that the current optimal configuration scheme of the harmonic wave measuring device is single, and how to configure the harmonic wave measuring device when part of nodes are originally configured or the number of measuring devices is limited in actual engineering is not considered, so that the maximum observable range of a system can be achieved.
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FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an optimal configuration method of a harmonic measurement apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a network topology diagram of IEEE14 nodes of the invention simulation experiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an optimal configuration method of a harmonic measurement device, which aims at the overall observation of a system; some nodes of the system are provided with measuring devices and need to be optimally configured again; the measurement device has limited number of configuration and requires the observation of important nodes; and on the basis of the installed part of the measuring devices, the four conditions that more important nodes can be observed and the number of newly added devices is limited are respectively provided with different optimized configuration schemes of the measuring devices, so that a larger observation area is obtained as far as possible while the number of the configured measuring devices is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1, the optimal configuration method of the harmonic measurement apparatus includes the following steps:
A. analyzing observability of the system;
B. the harmonic wave measuring device is configured according to the configuration;
C. configuring the harmonic wave measuring device.
In step a, the system observability analysis includes:
the harmonic measurement device can measure the node voltage at the installation node and the branch current connected with the node, and a series of calculation and analysis are carried out on the measurement, so that the node harmonic voltage and the branch harmonic current can be obtained. If the topology of the power system network is known, and the current state of the system can be solved through measurement of the quantity obtained from the system, the system is said to be observable. A power system may be said to be globally observable if each node in the system is observable, otherwise the system is said to be non-globally observable.
In step B, the harmonic measurement device is configured according to the following steps:
b1, judging the importance of the nodes in the power grid, comprehensively considering whether the nodes are connected with a generator, important loads, nonlinear loads, new energy power supplies, the association degree between the nodes and other factors, carrying out weight division on the nodes, and preferentially configuring a measuring device at the nodes with high weight.
If a certain node is connected with a generator, the weight of the node is added with 1; if a certain node is connected with a first-level load, the weight of the node is added with 3, the node is connected with a second-level load, the weight is added with 2, the node is connected with a third-level load, and the weight is added with 1; if a certain node is connected with a high-capacity nonlinear load, the weight of the node is added with 1; if a certain node is connected with a new energy power supply such as a photovoltaic power supply, the weight of the node is increased by 1; if a node is connected to p other nodes, the node weight is added with p. For example, if a node is connected to a photovoltaic power source and two nodes are connected, the total weight of the node is 3.
B2, according to the measurement characteristics of the harmonic wave measurement device, if a measurement device is installed at a node, the bus voltage information of the node and the branch current information connected with the node can be obtained by direct measurement.
B3, if the voltage information of a certain node and the branch current information and branch impedance connected with the node are known, the voltage information of another node connected with the branch can be indirectly obtained through ohm's law.
B4, if the node voltage information of the two ends of a certain branch and the impedance of the branch are known, the current information of the branch can be indirectly obtained through ohm's law.
B5, if q branches are connected to a certain node, and the current information of any (q-1) branch is known, the current information of the remaining branch can be obtained through kirchhoff's current law.
And B6, aiming at the condition that the requirement is met and the system global observability is achieved, the number of harmonic wave measuring devices is not limited, and the optimal configuration is carried out, and the observability of all nodes of the power grid system is realized by taking the minimum number of the measuring devices.
B7, when the power grid with the harmonic wave measuring device is reconfigured, some nodes which are originally configured with the device in the system need to be considered, and the nodes and indirectly observable nodes thereof can not be repeatedly installed, so that the waste of resources is avoided.
B8, aiming at the situation that the configuration number of the harmonic wave measuring devices is limited due to economic factors, the weight of each node needs to be considered, the total weight of observable nodes is the maximum target to carry out optimal configuration, and the observability of important nodes is ensured.
In step C, the step of configuring the harmonic measurement device includes:
c1, constructing a correlation matrix B among all nodes of the description system
Firstly, acquiring an incidence matrix B between nodes according to a network topology structure of a system, and setting n nodes in the system. If node i is connected to node j or node i equals node j, thenb ij1 is ═ 1; if node i is not connected to node j, bij0, the expression is formula (1):
Figure BDA0002482530800000071
c2 setting an objective function
Considering economic conditions, in order to reduce investment cost, the system should be globally observable by using the minimum measuring devices, and assuming that the cost coefficient of the measuring devices is 1, the objective function can be expressed as formula (2):
min z＝x1+…+xj+…+xn(2)
wherein when xjWhen the value is 1, a harmonic wave measuring device is arranged at the node j; when x isjA time of 0 indicates that no configuration is performed at node j.
C3 setting constraint conditions
The configuration requirements of the measurement devices of different systems are different according to different practical situations. In some cases, it is desirable to configure a minimum number of measurement devices to achieve global system visibility; under certain conditions, part of nodes in the system are originally provided with measuring devices, and the subsequent network extension investment needs to be optimized and configured again; in some cases, the available measurement devices are limited and require significant nodes to be observed. For several more frequent situations, different constraints need to be established, which are respectively as follows:
a) when the system is required to be globally observable and the configuration quantity of the measurement devices is not limited
Because the node of the measuring device is configured, the node voltage and the branch current related to the node can be measured, so that if a certain node is configured with the measuring device, the node is observable, and the node connected with the node is also observable through ohm's law and kirchhoff's law. Therefore, in order to ensure the overall observability of the system, the sum of the elements of each row in the incidence matrix B is not less than 1, namely, at least one measuring device needs to be installed on the nodes connected with the nodes of each row. The constraint condition formula (3) needs to be satisfied:
Figure BDA0002482530800000072
wherein b isijRepresents the ith row and the jth column in the incidence matrix B, x represents the quantity to be solved, and when x is solvedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
b) When some nodes of the system are installed with measuring devices and need to be re-configured optimally
In actual engineering, harmonic wave measuring devices are already configured on partial nodes in an original system, when a network is expanded or investment is made on a new project, an installed fixing device is not easy to dismantle, and in order to save resources and economic cost, the existing device is effectively utilized, and the installed nodes need to be considered for carrying out optimization configuration again. Therefore, when setting the constraint condition, the installed node needs to be configured with the measurement device based on equation (3), and the constraint condition is equation (4):
Figure BDA0002482530800000081
wherein b isijDenotes the ith row and jth column, x in the correlation matrix B k11 to x kr1 represents that all r harmonic wave measuring devices are installed from a node k1 to a node kr in the system, x represents the quantity to be obtained, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
c) When the measurement device has a limited number of configuration units and requires observation of important nodes
In consideration of economic factors, the investment cost is limited, and the number of configurable harmonic wave measuring devices in an actual power grid is often limited. Therefore, when the number of the devices is limited, the weight of each bus node needs to be calculated first, the importance of the bus nodes needs to be judged, the nodes are subjected to weight sequencing, and the nodes with high weight can be observed and monitored preferentially in the process of optimal configuration.
And B1, performing weight sorting on the incidence matrix B through the configuration in the step B, if the weight coefficient of a certain node is the highest, placing the incidence coefficient of the row in the first row of the incidence matrix, placing the incidence coefficient of the column in the first column of the incidence matrix, if the weight coefficient is arranged in the second row, placing the incidence coefficient of the row in the column in the second row and the second column, and so on to obtain a new incidence matrix B'. For the new correlation matrix, when c nodes are required to be observed before the weight coefficient ranking, and the number of configured measurement devices is limited to d at most, the constraint condition is modified as formula (5):
Figure BDA0002482530800000091
wherein b iscjThe j th row and the j th column in the c th row in the incidence matrix B are represented, d represents that the number of the measurement devices is at most d, x represents the to-be-measured quantity, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
d) When some measuring devices are installed, more important nodes are required to be observed and the number of newly added devices is limited
In fact, situations that the conditions b) and c) need to be satisfied at the same time often exist, and if the originally installed measuring device is not considered, the solution is only performed according to the constraint conditions of the condition c), which also causes resource waste. Therefore, when r nodes of the original system have measurement devices installed therein, and c nodes before the weight coefficient arrangement are required to be observed, and the number of the measurement devices is d at most, the constraint condition is formula (6):
Figure BDA0002482530800000092
wherein b iscjThe column c and the column j in the incidence matrix B are shown, d shows that the number of the measurement devices is at most d, and xk11 to x kr1 represents that all r harmonic wave measuring devices are installed from a node k1 to a node kr in the system, x represents a waiting variable, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
C4 model solution
Different constraint conditions are set for different situations, and 0-1 integer programming problem solving is carried out on the constraint conditions respectively to obtain an optimal configuration scheme of the measuring device. The result of the integer solution of 0-1 has only two values of 0 or 1, where 1 represents the node with the measurement device and 0 represents the node without the measurement device.
To verify the reliability and accuracy of the present invention, the following simulation experiments were performed on the above method.
Simulation experiment:
the simulation experiment takes an IEEE14 node system as a research object, and the network topology structure of the simulation experiment is shown in FIG. 2.
The topology of the IEEE14 node system as shown in fig. 2 can obtain the association matrix B as formula (7):
Figure BDA0002482530800000101
the objective function is formula (8):
min z＝x1+x2+x3+…+x13+x14(8)
and C, respectively carrying out optimal configuration on the measurement device of the IEEE14 node system according to three different conditions in the step C, and obtaining a corresponding optimal configuration scheme as follows:
a) when the system is required to be globally observable and the configuration quantity of the measurement devices is not limited
The constraint condition is formula (9):
Figure BDA0002482530800000111
to solve this problem, the IEEE14 node system should be configured with 4 measurement devices at node 2, node 6, node 7, and node 9.
b) When some nodes of the system are installed with measuring devices and need to be re-configured optimally
Assuming that the 1EEE14 node system has originally installed measuring devices at the node 4 and the node 11, and based on this, the 14 node system is reconfigured optimally to satisfy the global observability of the system, the constraint condition is formula (10):
Figure BDA0002482530800000112
the nodes which need to be configured with the measuring devices are respectively node 4, node 5, node 7, node 11 and node 13, the system global observation can be met only by configuring 3 measuring devices under the condition that two measuring devices are originally installed, 4 measuring devices do not need to be installed according to the configuration scheme of the condition a), the originally installed devices are fully utilized, and the resource waste is avoided.
The positions and the number of the nodes where the measurement devices are installed are randomly changed to obtain the re-optimization configuration scheme under different conditions as shown in table 1, wherein the original configuration scheme is obtained by solving according to global observability without considering the installed measurement devices.
Table 1: re-optimization configuration scheme under different conditions
Figure BDA0002482530800000121
It can be seen from table 1 that when some nodes of the system have been installed with measurement devices, the new configuration scheme determined by performing the optimization configuration again can make full use of the installed measurement devices, thereby reducing the number of measurement devices that need to be added as much as possible while satisfying the overall observability of the system, and saving the cost.
c) When the number of configured measurement devices is limited, the important nodes are required to be observed
According to the contact relationship among the nodes, the generator connection point and the size and the importance degree of the load connected with the nodes in the system topology structure diagram of fig. 2, the weight coefficient of each node is calculated, and the weight coefficients obtained after the weight coefficients are sorted from large to small are shown in table 2:
table 2: weight coefficient table of node
Figure BDA0002482530800000131
Obtaining a new incidence matrix B' according to the sorting result of the weight coefficients as formula (11):
Figure BDA0002482530800000141
when the first 5 nodes (i.e. nodes 4, 2, 6, 3, 9) are observed and the number of the configured measuring devices is limited to 2 at most, the constraint condition is formula (12):
Figure BDA0002482530800000142
the calculation can be carried out, so that the node 5 in the top weight coefficient row can be observed only by arranging two measuring devices at the node 3 and the node 5, the number of the measuring devices arranged as small as possible can be used for observing important nodes, and the investment is saved.
The number of nodes to be observed is sequentially increased according to the sequence of the weight coefficients arranged from large to small, and optimal configuration calculation is performed, so that the result of the measurement device priority configuration is shown in table 3:
table 3: measurement device priority configuration result table
Figure BDA0002482530800000143
Figure BDA0002482530800000151
Analysis table 3 can obtain the preferred configuration order of the measurement devices and the range of the corresponding observable nodes. As can be seen from table 3, when only the important nodes 4, 2, and 6 are observed, the power quality measurement device is only required to be installed at the node 5 to observe the above 3 nodes. When the nodes needing to be observed are changed into the nodes 4, 2, 6, 3, 9, 5, 13, 14 and 7 from the nodes 4, 2, 6 and 3 by increasing 5, the requirement that the 9 nodes are observable can be met only by changing the nodes provided with the measuring devices from the nodes 3 and 5 to the nodes 4 and 13 without increasing the number of the configured nodes of the measuring devices, so that the number of the required measuring devices is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Analysis table 3 shows that when there are 4 measuring devices, the system can be installed at nodes 2, 6, 7 and 9 to meet the overall observation of the system; when 3 measuring devices are arranged, the observation range is the largest at the nodes 2, 6 and 9; the maximum observable range is installed at nodes 4, 13 when there are only 2 measurement devices; when only 1 measuring device is installed, the observation range of the node 5 is the largest, and the observation area can be maximized under the limited measuring device resources. Although the overall observability of the system cannot be met when the nodes 2, 6 and 9 are provided with the measuring devices, 13 nodes can be observed, if the node 8 is a suspected node of a non-harmonic source and the observability of the suspected node is not required, only 3 measuring devices need to be configured, and the resource waste caused by observation of the non-important nodes is reduced.
d) When some measuring devices are installed, more important nodes are required to be observed and the number of newly added devices is limited
Assuming that the system originally has the measurement devices installed at the nodes 3 and 5, the nodes 4 (i.e., the nodes 4, 2, 6, 3) at the top of the weight coefficient row can be observed, and the nodes 8 (i.e., the added nodes 9, 5, 13, 14) at the top of the weight coefficient row are required to be observed later, and the number of the measurement devices configured can only be increased by 1 at most (3 after the addition). If 2 devices (4 devices after being added) need to be added at the nodes 4 and 13 according to the configuration result of table 3, which is not satisfactory, and therefore needs to be re-optimally configured, the constraint condition is formula (13):
Figure BDA0002482530800000161
the new configuration scheme obtained by solving the method is that measuring devices are installed at the nodes 3, 5 and 14, namely, on the basis that the original nodes 3 and 5 are already provided with the devices, the node 8 in the top row of the weight coefficient can be observed only by adding one measuring device at the node 14, so that the requirement is met, and the measuring devices are saved.
The invention provides an optimal configuration method of a harmonic wave measuring device, which mainly has the advantages of solving the problems that the current optimal configuration scheme of the harmonic wave measuring device is single, and how to configure the harmonic wave measuring device when part of nodes in the actual engineering are originally configured or the number of the measuring devices is limited can reach the maximum observable range of a system. Globally observable for the system; some nodes of the system are provided with measuring devices and need to be optimally configured again; the measurement device has limited number of configuration and requires the observation of important nodes; and on the basis of the installed part of the measuring devices, the four conditions that more important nodes can be observed and the number of newly added devices is limited are respectively provided with different optimized configuration schemes of the measuring devices, so that a larger observation area is obtained as far as possible while the number of the configured measuring devices is reduced.
Through the above description, the basic functions of the optimal configuration method of the harmonic measurement device of the present invention are explained. The optimal configuration method of the harmonic wave measuring device realizes the optimal configuration of the harmonic wave measuring device aiming at different practical conditions, overcomes the problem of single optimal configuration scheme of the conventional harmonic wave measuring device, and has important significance for reducing investment, saving the number of measuring devices, effectively utilizing the existing resources, realizing the positioning of harmonic wave sources and improving the power quality of a power grid.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An optimal configuration method for a harmonic measurement device, the configuration method comprising the steps of:
step 1: analyzing the observability of the system;
step 2: the harmonic wave measuring device is configured according to
And step 3: constructing an incidence matrix;
and 4, step 4: setting an objective function;
and 5: setting constraint conditions for four different situations;
step 6: and solving the model to obtain a configuration result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step 1 of analyzing the observability of the system comprises the following specific steps: knowing the topology of the power system network, if the current state of the system can be solved by measuring the quantity obtained by the system, the system is observable, if each node in the power system is observable, the system is globally observable, otherwise the system is not globally observable.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the incidence matrix B between the nodes is obtained according to the network topology structure of the system, n nodes are arranged in the system, and if the node i is connected with the node j or the node i is equal to the node j, Bij1 is ═ 1; if node i is not connected to node j, bij0, the expression is as formula (1):
Figure FDA0002482530790000011
4. the method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, if the cost coefficient of the measuring device is set to 1, the objective function is expressed as formula (2):
min z＝x1+…+xj+…+xn(2)
wherein when xjWhen the value is 1, a harmonic wave measuring device is arranged at the node j; when x isjA time of 0 indicates that no configuration is performed at node j.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the four different cases of setting the constraint conditions in the step 5 include:
(1) when the system is required to be globally observable and the configuration quantity of the measuring devices is not limited;
(2) when part of nodes of the system are provided with measuring devices and need to be subjected to optimal configuration again;
(3) when the number of the measurement devices is limited and the important nodes are required to be observed;
(4) when some measuring devices are installed, more important nodes are required to be observed, and the number of newly added devices is limited.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: in order to ensure the overall observability of the system, in the case (1), the sum of the elements of each row in the correlation matrix B is greater than or equal to 1, that is, at least one measuring device needs to be installed in the node connected to each row of nodes, and the constraint condition is formula (3):
Figure FDA0002482530790000021
wherein b isijRepresents the ith row and the jth column in the incidence matrix B, x represents the quantity to be solved, and when x is solvedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the case (2), the constraint condition is set as formula (4):
Figure FDA0002482530790000022
wherein b isijDenotes the ith row and jth column, x in the correlation matrix Bk11 to xkr1 represents that all r harmonic wave measuring devices are installed from a node k1 to a node kr in the system, x represents the quantity to be obtained, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, denotes at node jA measurement device is required.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the case (3), the correlation matrix B is subjected to weight sorting according to the configuration in the step 2 to obtain a new correlation matrix B', and when a node requiring c before the weight coefficient ranking can observe and the number of configured measurement devices is at most d, the constraint condition is formula (5):
Figure FDA0002482530790000031
wherein b iscjThe j th row and the j th column in the c th row in the incidence matrix B are represented, d represents that the number of the measurement devices is at most d, x represents the to-be-measured quantity, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the case (4), the original system has r nodes with measurement devices installed, and when c nodes can observe before the requirement of the weight coefficient ranking and the number of the measurement devices is d at most, the constraint condition is formula (6):
Figure FDA0002482530790000032
wherein b iscjThe column c and the column j in the incidence matrix B are shown, d shows that the number of the measurement devices is at most d, and xk11 to xkr1 represents that all r harmonic wave measuring devices are installed from a node k1 to a node kr in the system, x represents a waiting variable, and when x is obtainedjWhen 1, it means that a measurement device needs to be configured at node j.
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