CN111610039B - Passenger vehicle PM testing method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of environmental health and environmental protection in a vehicle, in particular to a passenger vehicle PM test method, which comprises the following steps: s1, preprocessing: the temperature and the humidity of the environmental chamber and the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle meet the preset requirements; s2, tightness test: evaluating the sealing performance of the whole vehicle through the increase of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle; s3, testing total purification efficiency: calculating the total purification efficiency; s4, testing the natural sedimentation rate: calculating the natural sedimentation rate; s5, calculating the purification efficiency of the internal circulation: the internal circulation purification efficiency is the total purification efficiency-natural sedimentation rate. The invention effectively solves the technical problems that the existing method for testing the particulate matters is not suitable for aerosol particles with smaller diameters and is difficult to effectively protect and filter the aerosol on the whole vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental health and environmental protection in a vehicle, in particular to a method for testing PM of a whole passenger vehicle.
Background
Particulate matter, also known as PM, refers to various solid or liquid particles that are uniformly dispersed in an aerosol system. Studies have shown that different types of motor vehicles have significant differences in the particulate matter content of emissions, but the abundant components are OC (organic carbon) and EC (elemental carbon). The OC content in the particulates discharged by the gasoline vehicle is the highest, and then EC is contained; diesel vehicles emit particulate matter with the highest EC content followed by OC. Hydrocarbons are the main constituents of the OC, such as alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and polyaromatics, in addition to nitrosamines, nitrogen heterocycles, cyclic ketones, quinones, phenols and acids. The particles are diffused and reacted in the atmosphere, other heavy metal elements and harmful organic matters are possibly attached, and the particles seriously harm the health of human bodies after entering the human bodies.
With the development and consumption upgrade of automobile industry in China, the attention and the demand of consumers on the environmental health in automobiles are increasingly severe, a large amount of manpower and material resources are also invested in research by national governing departments, automobile enterprises, scientific research institutions and the like, and some new technologies, new configurations and new functions are continuously realized on automobiles. For example, CN103616216A discloses a detection device for a road filter, which includes a test pipe system and an operation desk system. The test pipeline system comprises an air inlet filter box, a test section pipeline and an air exhaust filter box which are connected by pipelines, and the outlet of the air exhaust filter box is communicated with the atmosphere through a fan; a vortex flowmeter is arranged on the pipeline positioned at the upstream of the pipeline at the test section; fixing the road car filter to be tested at the middle section in the test section pipeline by using a clamp; a dust generator through hole, a dust generating sampling pipe and a filtering sampling pipe are fixed on the wall of the testing section pipeline; the operating platform system comprises an automatic control cabinet, a storage cabinet, a particulate matter test cabinet, a gas pollutant test cabinet, a computer, an air inlet cabinet and an exhaust cabinet; the vortex flowmeter is in communication with the computer. The detection device can completely and accurately detect the resistance, the particulate matter filtering performance and the gas pollutant filtering performance of the filter.
For particulate matter, the largest particles are typically around 100um in diameter. However, for aerosols, the particles are typically on the order of 0.1um in diameter. It can be seen that the diameter of the particles in the particulate material is many times larger than the diameter of the particles in the aerosol. The automobile has narrow space and higher utilization rate of space, so that the automobile product has higher requirements on the obstruction and purification protection of aerosol particles. At present, the automobile industry adopts the related detection and performance standard requirements of air conditioner filter element particle filtration to protect and filter particles. However, the method for testing particulate matters is not suitable for aerosol particles with smaller diameters, and is difficult to perform effective aerosol protection and filtration tests on the whole vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a passenger vehicle PM testing method, which solves the technical problems that the existing method for testing particulate matters is not suitable for aerosol particles with smaller diameters, and aerosol effective protection and filtration testing are difficult to perform on a whole vehicle.
The invention discloses a PM testing method for a whole passenger vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: placing the vehicle in an environment cabin, and enabling the temperature and humidity of the environment cabin and the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle to meet preset requirements;
s2, tightness test: simulating the change of the PM concentration in the vehicle when the PM concentration outside the vehicle is higher than that in the vehicle, and evaluating the sealing property of the whole vehicle through the increment of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle;
s3, testing total purification efficiency: after the PM concentration in the vehicle is stable, starting a PM2.5 detector in the vehicle, starting an air conditioner internal circulation and air purification device in the vehicle, recording the PM concentration and purification time when the PM2.5 purification in the vehicle is finished, and calculating the total purification efficiency;
s4, testing the natural sedimentation rate: repeating S2, starting an in-vehicle PM2.5 detector after the in-vehicle PM concentration is stable, closing an automobile air conditioner and an air purification device, recording the natural sedimentation condition of the in-vehicle PM2.5 concentration within the purification time T, and calculating the natural sedimentation rate;
s5, calculating the purification efficiency of the internal circulation: the internal circulation purification efficiency is the total purification efficiency-natural sedimentation rate.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: under the condition that the airtightness of the whole automobile is good, the air purification device is started while the internal circulation of the air conditioner in the automobile is started, and the PM concentration at the beginning and the end of purification can be measured, so that the total purification efficiency is calculated. However, since the particles naturally settle, the total purification efficiency is actually the superposition of two parts, namely the influence of air conditioner internal circulation and air purification, and the influence of natural settling of the particles. In order to measure the actual purification efficiency of the internal circulation, the influence of the natural settling of the particles must be eliminated.
The invention has the advantages that: the PM concentration in the automobile can be accurately detected, the actual internal circulation purification efficiency can be effectively calculated, and relevant data and basis are conveniently provided for the design of the automobile.
The invention provides a passenger vehicle PM test method aiming at the characteristic that the diameter of aerosol particles is smaller, is suitable for aerosol particles with smaller diameter, and can carry out effective aerosol protection and filtration test on a whole vehicle.
Further, S1 specifically includes:
s11, moving the vehicle into an environment cabin, removing the surface covering of the internal component, switching the air conditioner in the vehicle to an internal circulation state, and closing the air outlet shutter of the air conditioner;
s12, starting a temperature and humidity control and efficient particulate matter filtering system of the environment cabin, starting a stirring fan and a circulating extension, opening doors and windows of a detected vehicle, enabling the environment temperature of the environment cabin to meet 25 +/-5 ℃ and the relative humidity to meet 50 +/-10% RH, and completing the pretreatment process when the environment cabin and the PM concentration background in the vehicle meet the condition that PM2.5 is not more than 35ug/m 3;
s13, recording the average concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle at the time of 1min, and taking the average concentration as the initial concentration of the whole vehicle air tightness test and marking the initial concentration as C0.
Has the advantages that: because some surface coverings in the automobile can influence the sedimentation of the particles, the testing reliability can be improved by removing the surface coverings; meanwhile, the environmental temperature of the environmental chamber can meet 25 +/-5 ℃, and the relative humidity can meet 50% +/-10% RH, so that the detection efficiency and accuracy can be improved.
Further, S2 specifically includes:
s21, closing the vehicle door and window, arranging sampling points in the vehicle according to the national standard HJ/T400-2007, and starting PM2.5 detection equipment in the vehicle at regular time;
s22, introducing NaCl aerosol particles into the environment cabin, and starting a circulating fan and a stirring extension machine;
s23, detecting a PM2.5 concentration value of a specified point in a particulate matter cabin by using a PM2.5 detector at a position 0.5 meter in front of the vehicle and at a height of 1.2 +/-0.2 meter, determining that the PM2.5 background concentration of the environmental cabin is stable when the PM2.5 background concentration in the cabin reaches 200ug/m3 and the relative standard deviation of continuous 3-time test indication values is less than or equal to 5%, closing a particulate matter generating device, cutting off particulate matter transmission, and closing a stirring fan and a circulating fan to keep on;
s24, after the background concentration of PM2.5 in the environmental chamber is stable, taking the average value of the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle for 30min as a closed termination value, and recording as C1;
s25, monitoring the background concentration of PM2.5 in the environmental chamber in real time, and supplementing particulate matters to meet the background concentration requirement when the concentration of a monitoring point deviates from a specified value;
and S26, evaluating the whole vehicle tightness according to the increase of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle, wherein the whole vehicle tightness Z is (C1-C0)/C0 multiplied by 100%.
Has the advantages that: experiments are carried out and sampling points are arranged according to national standards, so that data acquisition and arrangement are facilitated, and detection results have corresponding uniform presentation standards, so that the communication of the detection results is facilitated; NaCl is difficult for adsorbing, and NaCl aerosol generator particle size is less simultaneously, and minimum can reach 0.1um, is fit for being used for PM's detection.
Further, S3 specifically includes:
s31, starting a PM2.5 detector in the automobile, closing an automobile door and an automobile window, opening an air conditioner and an air related purification device in the automobile, and recording the concentration of PM2.5 in the automobile as Ct 0;
s32, when the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle is less than or equal to 35ug/m3, continuously testing for 1min, after 1min, the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle is Ct1, and recording the purification time T;
s33, calculating the total purification efficiency Et (Ct 0-Ct 1)/Ct0 × 100%.
Has the advantages that: in the detection process, some accidental and external factors may influence the detection accuracy, so that the tested data is distorted; and the continuous test is ensured for 1min, so that the influence of accidental factors on the PM concentration is reduced.
Further, S4 specifically includes:
s41, closing the air conditioner and the related purification device in the vehicle, closing the air outlet shutter, opening the vehicle door, and opening the stirring fan of the environmental chamber; when the concentration of PM2.5 inside and outside the vehicle meets the requirement, recording that the concentration of PM2.5 inside the vehicle is Cn0 at the moment, and closing the window of the vehicle door;
s42, setting the natural settling time as T, and setting the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle as Cn1 when the T time is ended;
s43, calculating the natural sedimentation rate En ═ Cn 0-Cn 1)/Cn0 × 100%.
Has the advantages that: through the mode, the air conditioner and the related purification device in the vehicle are closed, the air outlet shutter is closed, the vehicle door is opened, and the environment chamber stirring fan is opened, so that the natural sedimentation rate can be conveniently and rapidly measured.
Further, a NaCl aerosol generating device or an automatic cigarette lighter is adopted for particle simulation.
Has the advantages that: NaCl aerosol generating device adopts the compressed air of certain pressure as particulate matter pollution simulation dust source, can be with the mass ratio 1: 50-100 parts of NaCl aqueous solution is atomized, and then the atomized NaCl aqueous solution passes through a drying device to generate NaCl aerosol particles, wherein the mass median diameter (MMAD) of the particles is 0.6um, so that the test requirements can be well met. Cigarette smoke is used as a particle pollution simulation dust source, the cigarette smoke is sent into an environmental chamber by an automatic cigarette lighter through positive pressure, and the particle size distribution of the cigarette smoke is 0.1-0.75 um. The particle generation flow of the cigarette smoke generator is generally 1-5L/min, the combustion speed is high, and the method is suitable for manufacturing the particle pollution concentration in a larger environment; and the particle size of cigarette smoke is small, so that the cigarette smoke is suitable for simulating PM2.5 pollution environment.
Further, the environment simulation adopts a special environment cabin for a passenger car, and the special environment cabin comprises a particulate matter purification unit, a temperature and humidity control unit and an air circulation unit.
Has the advantages that: the method is favorable for improving the requirement on the tightness and provides a relatively stable test environment for the test of the whole vehicle.
Further, the concentration test was performed using a laser scattering apparatus.
Has the advantages that: the particle concentration is tested by using a laser scattering instrument, so that data transmission is facilitated through a USB data interface.
Further, the air circulation adopts a stirring fan and a circulating fan.
Has the advantages that: the stirring fan and the circulating fan enable air in the vehicle to flow efficiently, and meanwhile, the stirring fan and the circulating fan are low in cost and convenient to install.
Based on the passenger vehicle PM test method, the invention also discloses a passenger vehicle PM test system, which comprises:
the particle module is used for generating particles with specified particle size;
the environment simulation module is used for simulating a test environment meeting the requirements of particulate matter concentration, temperature and humidity and tightness;
the concentration testing module is used for detecting the concentrations of particles inside and outside the vehicle under different working conditions;
and the data analysis module is used for analyzing and processing the test data.
The working principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: because the particulate matter can subside naturally, total purification efficiency is two parts of stack in fact, and first air conditioner inner loop and air purification's influence, another part is the influence that the particulate matter subsides naturally. In order to measure the actual internal circulation purification efficiency, the influence of the natural settling of the particles is eliminated. Therefore, the PM concentration in the automobile can be accurately detected, and the actual internal circulation purification efficiency can be effectively calculated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a PM testing method for a passenger vehicle.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by the specific embodiments:
example 1
The embodiment of the invention relates to a passenger vehicle PM testing method, which is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: the method comprises the following steps: s1, preprocessing: the temperature and the humidity of the environmental chamber and the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle meet the preset requirements; s2, tightness test: evaluating the sealing performance of the whole vehicle through the increase of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle; s3, testing total purification efficiency: calculating the total purification efficiency; s4, testing the natural sedimentation rate: calculating the natural sedimentation rate; s5, calculating the purification efficiency of the internal circulation: the internal circulation purification efficiency is the total purification efficiency-natural sedimentation rate.
In the embodiment, a NaCl aerosol generating device is used as a particulate matter pollution source, and the mass median diameter of NaCl aerosol particles generated by the device is 0.6um, so that the test requirement can be well met; an environment is simulated by adopting an environment cabin special for a passenger car, and the concentration of PM is detected by adopting a laser scattering instrument.
S1, preprocessing: the vehicle is placed in an environment cabin, and the temperature and humidity of the environment cabin and the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle meet preset requirements.
Firstly, removing surface coverings on the internal components of the automobile, such as plastic films used for protecting seats, carpets and the like when leaving a factory, moving the automobile into an environmental chamber, checking whether air conditioners in the automobile are intact, switching the air conditioners to an internal circulation state, and closing air outlet shutters of the air conditioners. And then, starting a temperature and humidity control and efficient particulate matter filtering system of the environment cabin, starting a stirring fan and a circulating extension machine, and opening doors and windows of the detected vehicle, so that the environment temperature of the environment cabin meets 25 +/-5 ℃, the relative humidity meets 50 +/-10% RH, and when the environment cabin and the PM concentration background in the vehicle meet that PM2.5 is not more than 35ug/m3, the pretreatment process is completed. For example, the ambient temperature of the ambient cabin is 21 ℃ or 29 ℃, the relative humidity is 45% or 55% RH, and the ambient cabin and the PM concentration background in the vehicle meet the PM 2.5-30 ug/m 3. Finally, the average concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle at this time in 1min was recorded and regarded as the initial concentration of the vehicle sealing test and recorded as C0. For example, the average concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle at 1min is 120ug/m3, and then the initial concentration C0 of the vehicle air tightness test is 120ug/m 3.
S2, tightness test: and simulating the change of the PM concentration in the vehicle when the PM concentration outside the vehicle is higher than that in the vehicle, and evaluating the sealing property of the whole vehicle through the increment of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle.
After sample car pretreatment is completed, the efficient particulate matter filtering system and the temperature and humidity control device are closed, and the whole car airtightness is detected. The vehicle was examined for the air-tightness in a stationary state by simulating the case where the PM concentration outside the vehicle was high, and observing the change in the PM concentration inside the vehicle.
The specific test procedure is as follows: firstly, the door window is closed, and the PM2.5 detection device in the automobile is started regularly. The sampling points are arranged according to the national standard HJ/T400-2007, namely the sampling and measuring method for volatile organic compounds and aldehyde ketone substances in the automobile, and are located in the middle of the connecting line of the front row seats, and the height of each sampling point is flush with the breathing point. Then, NaCl aerosol particles were introduced into the environmental chamber with NaCl aerosol particles as a dust source for PM2.5, and the circulating fan and the stirring extension were started.
Then, at a position 0.5 meter in front of the vehicle and at a height of 1.2 +/-0.2 meter, a PM2.5 detector is used for detecting the PM2.5 concentration value of a specified point in the particulate matter cabin, and when the background concentration of the PM2.5 in the cabin reaches 200ug/m3 and the relative standard deviation of the values obtained by continuous 3 times of tests is less than or equal to 5 percent (the test is carried out for 3 minutes, and the average value of every 1 minute is taken), the background concentration of the PM2.5 in the environmental cabin is determined to be stable. And closing the particle generating device and cutting off the particle transmission, and closing the stirring fan and keeping the circulating fan on.
And then, detecting the PM2.5 concentration value of a specified point in the particulate matter cabin by using a PM2.5 detector at the position of 0.5 meter in front of the vehicle and at the height of 1.2 +/-0.2 meter, testing for 3 minutes when the PM2.5 background concentration in the cabin reaches 800 +/-200 ug/, and the relative standard deviation of the continuous 3-time test indication values is less than or equal to 5%, and taking the average value of every 1 minute to determine that the PM2.5 background concentration in the environmental cabin is stable. And closing the particle generating device and cutting off the particle transmission, and closing the stirring fan and keeping the circulating fan on. And after the background concentration of PM2.5 in the environmental chamber is stable, taking the average value of the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle for 30min as a tightness termination value, and recording as C1. For example, the average value of the concentration of PM2.5 in 30min in a vehicle is a closed end value C1-122 ug/m3, the background concentration of PM2.5 in an environmental chamber is monitored in real time, and when the concentration of a monitoring point deviates from a specified value, particulate matters are supplemented to meet the requirement of the background concentration of the particulate matters.
And finally, evaluating the tightness of the whole vehicle according to the increment of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle, wherein the tightness Z of the whole vehicle is (C1-C0)/C0 multiplied by 100%, (122-120)/120 multiplied by 100%, (1.7%). Therefore, the overall airtightness of the vehicle is good.
S3, testing total purification efficiency: after the PM concentration in the vehicle is stable, a PM2.5 detector in the vehicle is started, an air conditioner internal circulation and air purification device in the vehicle is started, the PM concentration and purification time when the PM2.5 purification in the vehicle is stopped are recorded, and the total purification efficiency is calculated.
In the experimental process, the engine is not started, the ventilation function of the air conditioner is started only in the power-on state, and in order to ensure that the test is normally finished, the automobile charging device can be connected in the cabin.
Firstly, a vehicle interior PM2.5 detector is started, a vehicle door and a vehicle window are closed, an air conditioner and a vehicle interior air related purification device are opened, and the vehicle interior PM2.5 concentration is recorded to be Ct0, for example, Ct0 is 140ug/m 3. Then, when the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle is less than or equal to 35ug/m3, the test is continued for 1min, after 1min, the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle is Ct1, and the purification time T is recorded, for example, Ct0 is 70ug/m 3. Finally, the total purification efficiency Et (Ct 0-Ct 1)/Ct0 × 100%, (140-70)/140 × 100%, (50%) was calculated.
S4, testing the natural sedimentation rate: and (4) stabilizing the concentration of the PM in the automobile again, starting the PM2.5 detector in the automobile, closing the automobile air conditioner and the air purification device, recording the natural sedimentation condition of the concentration of the PM2.5 in the automobile within the purification time T, and calculating the natural sedimentation rate.
Firstly, closing an air conditioner and a related purification device in a vehicle, closing an air outlet shutter, opening a vehicle door, and opening an environmental chamber stirring fan; when the concentration of the PM2.5 inside and outside the vehicle meets the requirement, the concentration of the PM2.5 inside the vehicle at the moment is recorded as Cn0, and a vehicle door window is closed, for example, Cn0 is 140ug/m 3. Then, the natural settling time period is T, and the in-vehicle PM2.5 concentration at the end of the time period of T is taken as Cn1, for example, Cn1 is 100ug/m 3. Finally, the natural sedimentation rate was calculated, and the natural sedimentation rate En ═ Cn 0-Cn 1)/Cn0 × 100 ═ 140-100)/140 × 100 ═ 28.6%.
S5, calculating the purification efficiency of the internal circulation: the internal circulation purification efficiency is the total purification efficiency-natural sedimentation rate.
Finally, the internal circulation purification efficiency E, which is the total purification efficiency Et — the natural settling rate En of 50% to 28.6% to 21.4%, can be calculated.
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the particulate matter simulation generating device adopts cigarette smoke as a particulate matter pollution simulation dust source, the cigarette smoke is sent into the environmental chamber by an automatic cigarette lighter through positive pressure, and the particle size distribution of the cigarette smoke is 0.1-0.75 um. The particle dust source is introduced into the environment cabin, a relatively stable particle polluted environment is manufactured through an air stirring and circulating system of the environment cabin, the change of the concentration of particles in the vehicle within 0.5 hour is tested, and the blocking and protecting performance of the vehicle on the particles is inspected through data calculation. The generation flow of the particles of the cigarette smoke generator is generally 1-5L/min, and the combustion speed is high, so that the method is suitable for manufacturing the pollution concentration of the particles in a larger environment; and the particle size of cigarette smoke is small, so that the cigarette smoke is suitable for simulating PM2.5 pollution environment.
Example 3
The only difference from embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment the aerosol is formed by the smoke drawn by the driver, who is sitting in the driver's seat. During smoking, aerosol generation can be divided into two parts: firstly, the driver smokes and spits smoke; secondly, when the driver is not handling the cigarette, the cigarette burns the diffused smoke naturally. Therefore, in the testing environment of this implementation, in order to ensure that the testing result is closer to the actual situation, the generation process of the particulate matter needs to be modified accordingly.
In the implementation, a driver sits at a driving position to smoke, and when the driver finishes smoking a cigarette, the driver spits out the smoke and puts the burning cigarette in an ashtray at the right hand side; when the next cigarette is smoked, the cigarette placed in the right-hand ashtray is picked up, and the process is repeated. To properly simplify the testing process, two places of smoke generation can be considered: first, the driver's mouth; second, an ashtray for placing cigarettes.
In this embodiment, the driver's mouth is level with the back of his seat, and the ashtray is placed in the grid near the gear lever. Therefore, in this embodiment, two NaCl aerosol generating devices are required, one placed on the backrest of the seat, where the mass flow rate of the ejected particles (mass of the ejected particles per unit time) varies periodically with time, similar to the variation with time of the mass flow rate of the breathing air (mass of the inhaled and exhaled air per unit time) in the lungs of the human body, and is used to simulate the smoke generated in the mouth of the driver; the other one is placed at the grid for placing the ashtray, the mass flow rate of the sprayed particles is kept unchanged, and the device is used for simulating that a driver places a cigarette in the ashtray, and the cigarette naturally burns and diffuses smoke.
During smoking, the lungs of the driver move periodically to expand and contract. Specifically, when a driver inhales smoke into the mouth, the lung gradually expands, the lung volume gradually increases, the pressure in the lung gradually decreases, and the smoke is inhaled into the lung under the action of the pressure difference; when a driver spits smoke out of the mouth, the lung gradually contracts, the volume of the lung gradually decreases, the pressure in the lung gradually increases, and the smoke is discharged out of the lung under the action of the pressure difference; lung volume refers to the amount of gas contained within the lungs.
Therefore, during the process of the driver 'spitting' smoke out of the mouth, the contraction of the lungs, the change in lung volume and the change in pressure inside the lungs are not uniform, and in view of this, an elastic air bag is installed between the nozzle of the NaCl aerosol generating device and the box body, and the elastic air bag connects the nozzle with the box body. In this implementation, the specific structure and the working principle of the NaCl aerosol generating device can refer to the corresponding prior art, and therefore are not described in detail. The smoke passes through the elastic air bag before being sprayed out from the nozzle, and the elastic air bag is similar to the lung of a person and can also be periodically expanded and contracted, so that the process of spitting the smoke out of a driver during smoking can be well simulated, and the simulated result is closer to the actual condition.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A PM test method for a whole passenger car is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: placing the vehicle in an environment cabin, and enabling the temperature and humidity of the environment cabin and the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle to meet preset requirements;
s2, tightness test: simulating the change of the PM concentration in the vehicle when the PM concentration outside the vehicle is higher than that in the vehicle, and evaluating the sealing property of the whole vehicle through the increment of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle;
s3, testing total purification efficiency: after the PM concentration in the vehicle is stable, starting a PM2.5 detector in the vehicle, starting an air conditioner internal circulation and air purification device in the vehicle, recording the PM concentration and purification time when the PM2.5 purification in the vehicle is finished, and calculating the total purification efficiency;
s4, testing the natural sedimentation rate: stabilizing the PM concentration in the vehicle again, starting a PM2.5 detector in the vehicle, closing an air conditioner and an air purification device of the vehicle, recording the natural sedimentation condition of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle within the purification time T, and calculating the natural sedimentation rate;
s5, calculating the purification efficiency of the internal circulation: the internal circulation purification efficiency is the total purification efficiency-natural sedimentation rate.
2. The passenger vehicle PM testing method of claim 1, characterized in that:
s1 specifically includes:
s11, moving the vehicle into an environment cabin, removing the surface covering of the internal component, switching the air conditioner in the vehicle to an internal circulation state, and closing the air outlet shutter of the air conditioner;
s12, starting a temperature and humidity control and efficient particulate matter filtering system of the environment cabin, starting a stirring fan and a circulating extension, opening doors and windows of a detected vehicle, enabling the environment temperature of the environment cabin to meet 25 +/-5 ℃ and the relative humidity to meet 50 +/-10% RH, and completing the pretreatment process when the environment cabin and the PM concentration background in the vehicle meet the condition that PM2.5 is not more than 35ug/m 3;
s13, recording the average concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle at the time of 1min, and taking the average concentration as the initial concentration of the whole vehicle air tightness test and marking the initial concentration as C0.
3. The passenger vehicle PM testing method of claim 2, characterized in that:
s2 specifically includes:
s21, closing the vehicle door and window, arranging sampling points in the vehicle according to HJ/T400-2007, and starting PM2.5 detection equipment in the vehicle at regular time;
s22, introducing NaCl aerosol particles into the environment cabin, and starting a circulating fan and a stirring extension machine;
s23, detecting a PM2.5 concentration value of a specified point in a particulate matter cabin by using a PM2.5 detector at a position 0.5 meter in front of the vehicle and at a height of 1.2 +/-0.2 meter, determining that the PM2.5 background concentration of the environmental cabin is stable when the PM2.5 background concentration in the cabin reaches 200ug/m3 and the relative standard deviation of continuous 3-time test indication values is less than or equal to 5%, closing a particulate matter generating device, cutting off particulate matter transmission, and closing a stirring fan and a circulating fan to keep on;
s24, after the background concentration of PM2.5 in the environmental chamber is stable, taking the average value of the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle for 30min as a closed termination value, and recording as C1;
s25, monitoring the background concentration of PM2.5 in the environmental chamber in real time, and supplementing particulate matters to meet the background concentration requirement when the concentration of a monitoring point deviates from a specified value;
and S26, evaluating the whole vehicle tightness according to the increase of the PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle, wherein the whole vehicle tightness Z is (C1-C0)/C0 multiplied by 100%.
4. The passenger vehicle PM testing method of claim 3, characterized in that:
s3 specifically includes:
s31, starting a PM2.5 detector in the automobile, closing an automobile door and an automobile window, opening an air conditioner and an air related purification device in the automobile, and recording the concentration of PM2.5 in the automobile as Ct 0;
s32, when the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle is less than or equal to 35ug/m3, continuously testing for 1min, after 1min, the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle is Ct1, and recording the purification time T;
s33, calculating the total purification efficiency Et (Ct 0-Ct 1)/Ct0 × 100%.
5. The passenger vehicle PM testing method of claim 4, characterized in that:
s4 specifically includes:
s41, closing the air conditioner and the related purification device in the vehicle, closing the air outlet shutter, opening the vehicle door, and opening the stirring fan of the environmental chamber; when the concentration of PM2.5 inside and outside the vehicle meets the requirement, recording that the concentration of PM2.5 inside the vehicle is Cn0 at the moment, and closing the window of the vehicle door;
s42, setting the natural settling time as T, and setting the concentration of PM2.5 in the vehicle as Cn1 when the T time is ended;
s43, calculating the natural sedimentation rate En ═ Cn 0-Cn 1)/Cn0 × 100%.
6. The passenger vehicle PM testing method of claim 5, characterized in that: the particulate simulation adopts a NaCl aerosol generating device or an automatic cigarette lighter.
7. The passenger vehicle PM testing method of claim 6, characterized in that: the environment simulation adopts a special environment cabin for a passenger car, and comprises a particulate matter purification unit, a temperature and humidity control unit and an air circulation unit.
8. The passenger vehicle PM testing method of claim 7, characterized in that: the concentration measurement was performed using a laser scattering apparatus.
9. The passenger vehicle PM testing method of claim 8, characterized in that: the air circulation adopts a stirring fan and a circulating fan.
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| CN113665571A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-19 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Vehicle start and stop control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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