CN111609568A - 一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿*** - Google Patents

一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿*** Download PDF

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CN111609568A
CN111609568A CN202010507090.9A CN202010507090A CN111609568A CN 111609568 A CN111609568 A CN 111609568A CN 202010507090 A CN202010507090 A CN 202010507090A CN 111609568 A CN111609568 A CN 111609568A
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photovoltaic
heat
heat exchanger
way valve
heating
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姚剑
徐辉
陈道川
赵耀
代彦军
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/02—Arrangement of mountings or supports for radiators
    • F24D19/0203—Types of supporting means
    • F24D19/0206—Tube shaped supports inserted into a wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/02—Arrangement of mountings or supports for radiators
    • F24D19/04—Arrangement of mountings or supports for radiators in skirtings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/005—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，涉及热泵技术领域，包括制冷剂循环管路，集热水箱循环管路，供暖蓄能调湿循环管路，所述制冷剂循环管路包括电力输出、光伏/光热组件、压缩机、第一三通阀、第二三通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第一换热器、第二换热器、电子膨胀阀；所述第一电磁阀与所述第一换热器和所述第一三通阀与第二三通阀并联在所述第一三通阀和第二三通阀之间；所述第一换热器和所述集热水箱循环管路相连接；所述第二换热器和所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路相连接。该发明可降低能耗，综合效率较高，还可与建筑一体化，占地面积小，适合可再生能源及绿色建筑的推广普及。

Description

一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***
技术领域
本发明涉及热泵技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***。
背景技术
建筑能耗占我国社会终端能源总消费量比例已接近1/3，随着城市化水平不断提高，建筑节能是我国未来最有节能潜力的领域之一。而在建筑能耗中，主要能源消耗为电力、采暖、除湿，因此如何有效的实现建筑能源自供给和低能耗供暖调湿成为新的发展方向。如今建筑供暖多为燃气或煤为原料，其造成的碳排放和环境污染问题严重，而建筑调湿多为空调或除湿/加湿器，同样电力消耗巨大。针对节能高效的建筑供暖，前人提出了光伏/光热(PV/T)技术，利用太阳能作为清洁热源进行采暖，并且可以实现一定程度的电力供给。现市面上以水基光伏/光热组件为主，但其发电效率和集热效率均低于制冷剂为介质的光伏/光热集热/蒸发器。而针对节能的建筑调湿，新型的调湿材料已活跃于家居市场，但其存在无法主动再生的缺陷。其在高湿度环境下工作一段时间便会由于吸湿能力有限而达到饱和，此时，无法通过主动手段进行再生从而无法继续吸湿。
本发明要解决的技术问题是怎样提高太阳能利用率，实现高效发电集热并实现室内主动和被动相结合的热湿调控，且成本低廉、外观美观，结构紧凑，适合与现代建筑耦合实现一体化。
因此，本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，可降低能耗，综合效率较高，成本较低，结构紧凑，还可与建筑一体化，占地面积小，适合可再生能源及绿色建筑的推广普及。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是怎样提高太阳能利用率，实现高效发电集热并实现室内主动和被动相结合的热湿调控，且成本低廉、外观美观，结构紧凑，适合与现代建筑耦合实现一体化。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，包括制冷剂循环管路，集热水箱循环管路，供暖蓄能调湿循环管路，其所述制冷剂循环管路包括电力输出、光伏/光热组件、压缩机、第一三通阀、第二三通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第一换热器、第二换热器、电子膨胀阀；所述电力输出和所述光伏/光热组件连接；所述压缩机和所述电子膨胀阀分别设置在所述光伏/光热组件的两端；所述压缩机与所属第一三通阀连接；所述电子膨胀阀和所述第二三通阀连接；所述第一电磁阀与所述第一换热器连接，第二电磁阀与第二换热器连接，所述第一电磁阀与所述第一换热器和所述第一三通阀与第二三通阀并联在所述第一三通阀和第二三通阀之间；所述第一换热器和所述集热水箱循环管路相连接；所述第二换热器和所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路相连接，所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路包括供暖蓄能调湿墙体。
进一步地，所述制冷剂循环管路、所述集热水箱循环管路和所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路均是单循环管路。
进一步地，所述集热水箱循环***包括集热水箱和第一泵，所述集热水箱设置有生活热水输出装置和自来水补水装置。
进一步地，所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路还包括第二泵，所述供暖蓄能调湿墙体的两端分别和所述第二换热器和所述第二泵连接。
进一步地，所述供暖蓄能调湿墙体包括外墙立面、空气层、主墙体、内墙立面、调湿材料层；所述主墙体内部设置有供热盘管；所述空气层设置在所述外墙立面和所述主墙体之间；所述内墙立面设置在所述主墙体和所述调湿材料层之间。
进一步地，所述供热盘管是PE材质。
进一步地，所述供热盘管的截面是圆形。
进一步地，所述光伏/光热组件为层压式结构，包括玻璃覆膜、光伏电池、EVA胶、电绝缘层、吹胀式集热/蒸发器和隔热材料，所述光伏/光热组件安装在建筑物的屋顶或向阳外立面。
进一步地，所述吹胀式集热/蒸发器由吹胀铝板制成，所述吹胀铝板的一面是光滑平面，和所述光伏电池的背板贴合。
进一步地，所述吹胀铝板的另一面是胀起的流道。
与现有技术相比，本发明有以下优点：
1、本发明采用的光伏/光热组件可以实现更加高效的热电联产；采用吹胀式集热/蒸发器有效降低光伏电池温度提高发电效率，并且由于制冷剂蒸发温度比水基或空气基集热器温度更低，从而更高效的收集热量，提高太阳能转化率；所发电量可供***和住户用电需求，而收集的废热用于生活热水、采暖或调湿材料再生使用。
2、本发明采用的供暖蓄能调湿墙体，将供暖盘管埋入墙体，通过太阳能热光伏光热热泵制作的热水流经盘管，将热量传递至墙体当中，墙体通过热辐射实现室内采暖，相比传统的燃煤或燃气锅炉，做到节能减排，热源来自于绿色无污染的太阳能。
3、本发明采用的供暖-蓄能-调湿墙体，利用供热盘管将热量传递与墙体中，然后通过墙体的热容进行储能，无需额外蓄能设备，极大减少占地面积，白天多余热量可以存储至墙体中进行持续性采暖，减少常规电力消耗，并提升***运行的稳定性有利于***的经济性推广。
4、本发明采用的供暖蓄能调湿墙体，将调湿材料涂覆于建筑内立面，进行被动调湿，在室内湿度高于调湿材料的上阈值则调湿材料进行吸湿，而当室内湿度低于调湿材料的下阈值则调湿材料进行放湿；当室内湿度过高，且调湿材料已经达到饱和状态时，则通过供暖盘管提供热量进行调湿材料的再生，实现低能耗的主被动室内热湿调节。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个较佳实施例的一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***的示意图；
图2是供暖蓄能调湿墙体示意图；
其中，1-电力输出，2-压缩机，3-第一三通阀，4-第二电磁阀，5-第一换热器，6-集热水箱，7-生活热水输出装置，8-自来水补水装置，9-供暖蓄能调湿墙体，10-光伏/光热组件，11-电子膨胀阀，12-第二换热器，13-第二泵，14-室外热湿传递，15-外墙立面，16-空气层，17-供热盘管，18-主墙体，19-内墙立面，20-调湿材料层，21-室内热湿调控，22-第一电磁阀，23-第二三通阀，24-第一泵。
具体实施方式
以下参考说明书附图介绍本发明的多个优选实施例，使其技术内容更加清楚和便于理解。本发明可以通过许多不同形式的实施例来得以体现，本发明的保护范围并非仅限于文中提到的实施例。
在附图中，结构相同的部件以相同数字标号表示，各处结构或功能相似的组件以相似数字标号表示。附图所示的每一组件的尺寸和厚度是任意示出的，本发明并没有限定每个组件的尺寸和厚度。为了使图示更清晰，附图中有些地方适当夸大了部件的厚度。
如图1和图2所示，利用光伏/光热组件10不仅降低了光伏电池温度提高发电效率，并提高制冷剂蒸发压力和温度从而提高热泵效率，进行节能高效热水的制作；供暖蓄能调湿墙体9的使用，可实现室内主被动耦合热湿调控，***集发电、产热、蓄能、调湿等多种功能于一体。
该基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***包括电力输出1、压缩机2、第一三通阀3、第二三通阀23、第一电磁阀22、第二电磁阀4、第一换热器5、集热水箱6、生活热水输出装置7、自来水补水装置8、供暖蓄能调湿墙体9、光伏/光热组件10、电子膨胀阀11、第二换热器12、第一泵24和第二泵13组成。其中，供暖蓄能调湿墙体9由外墙立面15、空气层16、供热盘管17、主墙体18、内墙立面19及调湿材料层20组成。该***还包括制冷剂循环管路、集热水箱循环管路及供暖蓄能调湿循环管路。其中，所述制冷剂循环管路为光伏光热热泵循环管路，连接压缩机2、第一换热器5、第二换热器12、电子膨胀阀11、光伏/光热组件10；所述集热水箱循环管路为连接第一换热器5与生活用集热水箱6换热管路，所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路为连接第二换热器12与供暖蓄能调湿墙体9换热管路。
***正常工作时，第一电磁阀22和第二电磁阀4均开启，光伏/光热组件进行发电和集热，发的电量供***使用若有余电则进行电力输出1，供给至电网。通过光伏/光热组件10将光伏电池背板的热量进行收集，不仅降低了光伏电池的温度提高发电效率，同时回收了废热提高太阳能利用率。制冷剂通过第一换热器5与集热水箱6循环管路中的水进行换热，加热后的水通过第一泵24储存在集热水箱6中，供生活热水使用，该循环管路要求水质达到生活用水水平；制冷剂通过第二换热器12与供暖蓄能调湿循环管路中的水进行换热，加热后的水通过第二泵13进入墙体供热盘管17，通过传热过程使得建筑立面温度升高，实现辐射采暖。此时，涂覆于建筑立面的调湿材料20通过墙体加热而再生，从而实现室内热湿调控21。空气层16的存在可以有效降低室外热湿传递14。不仅如此，主墙体18和内墙立面19的热容可以储存多余热量实现蓄能，在无太阳的夜间持续采暖，不仅减少占地面积而且节能环保。此外，通过第一电磁阀22和第二电磁阀4阀门控制调整第一换热器5和第二换热器12的开闭，可以实现***三种模式运行：生活热水模式、供暖蓄能调湿模式以及双开模式。供暖蓄能调湿墙体9为带有空气层16、调湿材料层20及供热盘管17的建筑立面；其中，空气层16可有效减少建筑与外界的室外热湿传递14；调湿材料层20涂覆于建筑内墙立面19进行被动调湿；供暖盘管17埋入主墙体18内实现建筑一体化。
该基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***可以有效提高太阳能转化率。***采用高效热电联产的光伏/光热组件，将供热盘管及调湿材料与建筑一体化，并且利用建筑热容蓄能，大幅减少占地面积，实现室内主被动耦合的热湿调控。该***组成简单、利于建筑耦合、太阳能转化率高，节能减排显著，在可再生能源利用、推广和绿色建筑的发展提供新的思路。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，包括制冷剂循环管路，集热水箱循环管路，供暖蓄能调湿循环管路，其特征在于，所述制冷剂循环管路包括电力输出、光伏/光热组件、压缩机、第一三通阀、第二三通阀、第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第一换热器、第二换热器、电子膨胀阀；所述电力输出和所述光伏/光热组件连接；所述压缩机和所述电子膨胀阀分别设置在所述光伏/光热组件的两端；所述压缩机与所属第一三通阀连接；所述电子膨胀阀和所述第二三通阀连接；所述第一电磁阀与所述第一换热器连接，第二电磁阀与第二换热器连接，所述第一电磁阀与所述第一换热器和所述第一三通阀与第二三通阀并联在所述第一三通阀和第二三通阀之间；所述第一换热器和所述集热水箱循环管路相连接；所述第二换热器和所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路相连接，所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路包括供暖蓄能调湿墙体。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述制冷剂循环管路、所述集热水箱循环管路和所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路均是单循环管路。
3.如权利要求1所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述集热水箱循环***包括集热水箱和第一泵，所述集热水箱设置有生活热水输出装置和自来水补水装置。
4.如权利要求1所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述供暖蓄能调湿循环管路还包括第二泵，所述供暖蓄能调湿墙体的两端分别和所述第二换热器和所述第二泵连接。
5.如权利要求1所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述供暖蓄能调湿墙体包括外墙立面、空气层、主墙体、内墙立面、调湿材料层；所述主墙体内部设置有供热盘管；所述空气层设置在所述外墙立面和所述主墙体之间；所述内墙立面设置在所述主墙体和所述调湿材料层之间。
6.如权利要求5所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述供热盘管是PE材质。
7.如权利要求5所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述供热盘管的截面是圆形。
8.如权利要求1所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述光伏/光热组件为层压式结构，包括玻璃覆膜、光伏电池、EVA胶、电绝缘层、吹胀式集热/蒸发器和隔热材料，所述光伏/光热组件安装在建筑物的屋顶或向阳外立面。
9.如权利要求8所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述吹胀式集热/蒸发器由吹胀铝板制成，所述吹胀铝板的一面是光滑平面，和所述光伏电池的背板贴合。
10.如权利要求9所述的基于光伏光热组件的建筑热电联产及调湿***，其特征在于，所述吹胀铝板的另一面是胀起的流道。
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