CN111592709A - Special material for medium-high-strength polyethylene fibers and preparation method of melt spinning fibers - Google Patents
Special material for medium-high-strength polyethylene fibers and preparation method of melt spinning fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN111592709A CN111592709A CN202010587397.4A CN202010587397A CN111592709A CN 111592709 A CN111592709 A CN 111592709A CN 202010587397 A CN202010587397 A CN 202010587397A CN 111592709 A CN111592709 A CN 111592709A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000587 hyperbranched polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920006150 hyperbranched polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000690 Tyvek Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001891 gel spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/02—Heat treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D13/00—Complete machines for producing artificial threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
- D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/12—Applications used for fibers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/062—HDPE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/068—Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a special material for medium and high strength polyethylene fibers and a preparation method of melt spinning fibers, wherein the special material for the fibers comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 10-45 parts of high density polyethylene, 1-5 parts of lubricant and 0.05-0.5 part of processing aid; the lubricant is hyperbranched polymer, and the processing aid is fluorine-containing polymer. The preparation method of the melt spinning fiber comprises the steps of melting and plasticizing the special material through a screw extruder, extruding a melt, and winding after circular blowing, water bath, side blowing, pre-drafting, two-stage hot-drafting and heat setting in sequence to obtain the medium-high strength polyethylene fiber. Compared with the prior art, the breaking strength of the prepared medium-high strength polyethylene fiber is 10-25cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 5-30%, the process is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly, and the manufacturing cost is low, and the prepared medium-high strength polyethylene fiber product can be widely applied to the fields of various rope weaving, fishing net weaving, industrial cloth, labor protection gloves and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber production, and relates to a special material for medium and high strength polyethylene fibers and a preparation method of melt spinning fibers.
Background
The strength of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is generally above 25cN/dtex, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is widely applied to key fields of national defense and military, aerospace and aviation, labor protection, ocean mooring ropes and the like, and is an important strategic material and a high-technology material. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber used for the labor protection gloves in China is more than 3000 tons every year. At present, the international method for producing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber mainly adopts gel spinning, and has the advantages of long production flow, complex process, high energy consumption and certain pollution to the environment.
The high-density polyethylene fiber is mainly applied to the fields of lake and sea culture net cages and the like, the application amount of the monofilament material for fishing in China exceeds 40 ten thousand tons every year, and 80 percent of the monofilament material is the high-density polyethylene material. At present, the preparation technology of high-density polyethylene fibers mainly comprises melt spinning and hot drawing processes, the fiber strength is generally 4-7cN/dtex, and the high-end requirement cannot be completely met in the aspect of strength.
The invention of Chinese patent CN102002769B discloses a method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene melt spinning, which comprises the steps of preparing polyethylene modified master batches in the first step, selecting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin in the second step, adding the compounded polyethylene modified master batches, uniformly mixing, conveying the mixture into a screw to extrude, melt spinning, cooling in water bath, and then carrying out super-drawing. The method uses a two-step method to prepare the melt spinning material, and has long process and increased energy consumption.
The Chinese patent CN101935894A discloses that after being extruded by an extruder, the modified material of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is cooled and pre-stretched in a cooling channel at 10-35 ℃, and then is subjected to multi-stage stretching to prepare the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special material for medium and high strength polyethylene fibers and a preparation method of melt spinning fibers, which can prepare the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers through a simple process, energy conservation, environmental protection and low production cost, wherein the prepared fibers have the strength of 10-25cN/dtex and the elongation at break of 5-30 percent, and can meet the requirements of textile knitting of labor protection gloves and the like and the knitting of culture net cages.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 10-45 parts of high density polyethylene, 1-5 parts of lubricant and 0.05-0.5 part of processing aid; the lubricant is hyperbranched polymer, and the processing aid is fluoropolymer.
The hyperbranched polymer is a highly branched but structurally irregular polymer consisting of branching elements, has large molecular weight and small viscosity, can diffuse among polyethylene macromolecular chains to play a role in lubrication, and increases melt fluidity; the special material plasticizing extrusion process has fluoropolymer coated homogeneously onto the inner wall of the screw extruder cavity and the inner wall of the assembly to make the inner wall smooth, reduce the extrusion pressure of the melt and improve the cracking of the extruded melt.
Preferably, the viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 80-600 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 1-10g/10min (the melt temperature is 190 ℃, the weight is 2.16kg), and the density is 0.94g/cm3-0.96g/cm3The lubricant comprises one or more of hyperbranched polyamide, hyperbranched polyester, hyperbranched polyether or hyperbranched polystyrene, and the processing aid comprises one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytrifluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
Further, the zero-cut viscosity of the fiber special material at 210 ℃ is less than 105Pa·s。
A preparation method of the special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber comprises the following steps: the components are uniformly mixed in a high-speed mixer to prepare the special material for the medium-high strength polyethylene fiber.
Preferably, all the components in the special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber are powder.
A method for preparing medium and high strength polyethylene melt spinning fibers comprises the following steps:
1) melting and plasticizing the special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers by using a screw extruder, and extruding the special material through a spinning assembly after passing through a metering pump;
2) the extruded melt enters a water bath after passing through a circular blowing area to obtain primary filaments;
3) and (3) sequentially carrying out cross blowing, pre-drafting, primary hot-drafting, secondary hot-drafting and heat setting on the primary raw silk and then rolling to obtain the medium-high strength polyethylene fiber.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature in the screw extruder is 80-300 ℃.
Further, in the step 2), in the annular blowing zone, the blowing medium comprises one or more of nitrogen, helium or carbon dioxide, the annular blowing temperature is 100-; the water bath temperature in the water bath is 30-80 ℃, and the water bath length is 1-2 m.
Further, in the step 3), the draft multiple of the pre-draft is 8-100 times; the primary hot drawing has the drawing multiple of 4-6 times and the hot drawing temperature of 70-80 ℃; the drafting multiple of the secondary hot drafting is 1.5-3 times, and the hot drafting temperature is 80-95 ℃; the drafting multiple of the heat setting is 1-1.2 times, and the heat setting temperature is 80-95 ℃.
The circular blowing is arranged to avoid influence on production caused by room temperature fluctuation on one hand, and to ensure that extruded filaments are circularly cooled to be beneficial to better deforming and stretching in an air section on the other hand; the purpose of the circular blowing medium is to prevent the oxidation of the silk by nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide and the like. The temperature of the water bath is set to be 30-80 ℃, so that the crystallization is not complete due to the fact that the water temperature is too low and the strand is quenched. The cross-blowing was performed to blow dry the strands exiting the bath.
The device comprises a screw extruder, a spinning assembly, a circular blowing area, a water bath, a side blowing area, a pre-drafting roller, a primary drafting hot box, a secondary drafting hot box, a heat setting box and a winding machine which are sequentially arranged.
Further, the screw extruder is a horizontal screw extruder or a vertical screw extruder, the screw type adopts a single screw, a co-rotating twin screw, a counter-rotating twin screw, a conical twin screw or a plurality of screws, and the length-diameter ratio of the screws is 20-64;
a metering pump is arranged between the screw extruder and the spinning assembly;
the spinning assembly comprises a filtering piece, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate which are sequentially arranged, wherein the aperture of the spinneret plate is 0.5-2mm, the length-diameter ratio is 8-15, and the number of holes is 1-100.
Compared with the prior art, the breaking strength of the prepared medium-high strength polyethylene fiber is 10-25cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 5-30%, the process is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly, and the manufacturing cost is low, and the prepared medium-high strength polyethylene fiber product can be widely applied to the fields of various rope weaving, fishing net weaving, industrial cloth, labor protection gloves and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing high-strength polyethylene melt-spun fibers according to the present invention;
the notation in the figure is:
1-screw extruder, 2-metering pump, 3-filtering piece, 4-distributing plate, 5-spinneret plate, 6-circular blowing zone, 7-water bath, 8-side blowing zone, 9-pre-drafting roller, 10-primary drafting hot box, 11-secondary drafting hot box, 12-heat shaping box and 13-winding machine.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The device for preparing the medium-high strength polyethylene melt spinning fiber shown in fig. 1 comprises a screw extruder 1, a spinning assembly, a circular blowing zone 6, a water bath 7, a side blowing zone 8, a pre-drafting roller 9, a primary drafting hot box 10, a secondary drafting hot box 11, a heat setting box 12 and a winding machine 13 which are sequentially arranged. A metering pump 2 is arranged between the screw extruder 1 and the spinning component; the spinning assembly comprises a filter member 3, a distribution plate 4 and a spinneret plate 5 which are arranged in sequence. The embodiment of the device for producing the high-strength polyethylene fiber is as follows.
Example 1:
the weight ratio of the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material components is as follows: 50% of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 45% of high density polyethylene, 4.5% of lubricant and 0.5% of processing aid. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 600 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 10g/10min (190 ℃, 2.16kg), the lubricant is hyperbranched polyamide, and the processing aid is polytetrafluoroethylene. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers is obtained after being uniformly mixed by a high-speed mixer, and the zero-shear viscosity of the special material at 210 ℃ is 8500 Pa.s.
The spinning process comprises the following steps: feeding the special material into a vertical single screw with the length-diameter ratio of 20, wherein the temperature of the screw is 100-300 ℃, the aperture of a spinneret plate is 2mm, the length-diameter ratio is 8, and the number of holes is 1, extruding strands to pass through a circular blowing area with the length of 50cm, a medium of nitrogen and the blowing temperature of 100 ℃, then entering a water bath with the length of 1m and the temperature of 30 ℃, pre-drafting by 8 times, primary drafting by 4 times and the temperature of 80 ℃, secondary drafting by 1.5 times and the temperature of 95 ℃, heat setting temperature by 95 ℃, and drafting multiple by 1. The strength of the obtained monofilament is 10cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 30%.
Example 2:
the weight ratio of the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material components is as follows: 90% of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 7% of high density polyethylene, 2.95% of lubricant and 0.05% of processing aid. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 80 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 1g/10min (190 ℃, 2.16kg), the lubricant is hyperbranched polyester, and the processing aid is polyvinylidene fluoride. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers is obtained after being uniformly mixed by a high-speed mixer, and the zero-shear viscosity of the special material at 210 ℃ is 96000 Pa.s.
The spinning process comprises the following steps: feeding the special material into a horizontal homodromous double screw with the length-diameter ratio of 64, wherein the temperature of the screw is 80-250 ℃, the aperture of a spinneret plate is 0.5mm, the length-diameter ratio is 15, and the number of holes is 100, extruding strands to pass through a circular blowing zone with the length of 5cm, a medium of carbon dioxide and the blowing temperature of 200 ℃, then entering a water bath with the length of 2m and the temperature of 80 ℃, pre-drafting by 80 times, primary drafting by 6 times and the temperature of 70 ℃, secondary drafting by 3 times and the temperature of 80 ℃, heat setting temperature by 80 ℃, and drafting multiple by 1.2. The strength of the prepared fiber is 25cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 5%.
Example 3:
the weight ratio of the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material components is as follows: 84.9 percent of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 10 percent of high density polyethylene, 5 percent of lubricant and 0.1 percent of processing aid. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 200 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 5g/10min (190 ℃, 2.16kg), the lubricant is hyperbranched polyester, and the processing aid is polyhexafluoropropylene. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers is obtained after being uniformly mixed by a high-speed mixer, and the zero-shear viscosity of the special material at 210 ℃ is 78000 Pa.s.
The spinning process comprises the following steps: feeding the special material into a horizontal homodromous double screw with the length-diameter ratio of 48, wherein the temperature of the screw is 80-250 ℃, the aperture of a spinneret plate is 0.8mm, the length-diameter ratio of 10 and the number of holes are 80, extruding strands to pass through a circular blowing zone with the length of 30cm, a medium of carbon dioxide and the blowing temperature of 150 ℃, then entering a water bath with the length of 1.8m and the temperature of 60 ℃, pre-drafting by 100 times, primary drafting by 6 times and the temperature of 75 ℃, secondary drafting by 2 times and the temperature of 85 ℃, heat setting temperature by 85 ℃ and drafting multiple by 1.1. The prepared fiber has the strength of 21cN/dtex and the elongation at break of 12 percent.
Example 4:
the weight ratio of the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material components is as follows: 80% of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 18.5% of high density polyethylene, 1% of lubricant and 0.5% of processing aid. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 100 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 2g/10min (190 ℃, 2.16kg), the lubricant is hyperbranched polyester, and the processing aid is polytetrafluoroethylene. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers is obtained after being uniformly mixed by a high-speed mixer, and the zero-shear viscosity of the special material at 210 ℃ is 56000 Pa.s.
The spinning process comprises the following steps: feeding the special material into a vertical homodromous double screw with the length-diameter ratio of 48, wherein the temperature of the screw is 80-240 ℃, the aperture of a spinneret plate is 1mm, the length-diameter ratio is 10, and the number of holes is 20, extruding strands to pass through a circular blowing zone with the length of 20cm, a medium of nitrogen and the blowing temperature of 150 ℃, then entering a water bath with the length of 1.5m and the temperature of 40 ℃, pre-drafting by 80 times, primary drafting by 5 times and the temperature of 75 ℃, secondary drafting by 2.5 times and the temperature of 85 ℃, heat setting temperature by 85 ℃, and drafting multiple by 1.05. The prepared fiber has the strength of 18cN/dtex and the elongation at break of 15 percent.
Example 5:
the weight ratio of the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material components is as follows: 70% of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 28.5% of high density polyethylene, 1% of lubricant and 0.5% of processing aid. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 100 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 2g/10min (190 ℃, 2.16kg), the lubricant is hyperbranched polyester, and the processing aid is polytetrafluoroethylene. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers is obtained after being uniformly mixed by a high-speed mixer, and the zero-shear viscosity of the special material at 210 ℃ is 37000 Pa.s.
The spinning process comprises the following steps: feeding the special material into a vertical homodromous double screw with the length-diameter ratio of 48, wherein the temperature of the screw is 80-240 ℃, the aperture of a spinneret plate is 1mm, the length-diameter ratio is 10, and the number of holes is 20, extruding strands to pass through a circular blowing zone with the length of 20cm, a medium of nitrogen and the blowing temperature of 150 ℃, then entering a water bath with the length of 1.5m and the temperature of 40 ℃, pre-drafting by 80 times, primary drafting by 5 times and the temperature of 75 ℃, secondary drafting by 2.5 times and the temperature of 85 ℃, heat setting temperature by 85 ℃, and drafting multiple by 1.05. The strength of the prepared fiber is 15cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 15%.
Example 6:
the weight ratio of the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material components is as follows: 60% of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 38.5% of high density polyethylene, 1% of lubricant and 0.5% of processing aid. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 100 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 2g/10min (190 ℃, 2.16kg), the lubricant is hyperbranched polyester, and the processing aid is polytetrafluoroethylene. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers is obtained after being uniformly mixed by a high-speed mixer, and the zero-shear viscosity of the special material at 210 ℃ is 19000 Pa.s.
The spinning process comprises the following steps: feeding the special material into a vertical homodromous double screw with the length-diameter ratio of 48, wherein the temperature of the screw is 80-240 ℃, the aperture of a spinneret plate is 1mm, the length-diameter ratio is 10, and the number of holes is 20, extruding strands to pass through a circular blowing zone with the length of 20cm, a medium of nitrogen and the blowing temperature of 150 ℃, then entering a water bath with the length of 1.5m and the temperature of 40 ℃, pre-drafting by 80 times, primary drafting by 5 times and the temperature of 75 ℃, secondary drafting by 2.5 times and the temperature of 85 ℃, heat setting temperature by 85 ℃, and drafting multiple by 1.05. The strength of the prepared fiber is 13cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 15%.
Example 7:
the weight ratio of the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material components is as follows: 84.9 percent of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 10 percent of high density polyethylene, 5 percent of lubricant and 0.1 percent of processing aid. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 200 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 5g/10min (190 ℃, 2.16kg), the lubricant is hyperbranched polyester, and the processing aid is polyhexafluoropropylene. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers is obtained after being uniformly mixed by a high-speed mixer, and the zero-shear viscosity of the special material at 210 ℃ is 78000 Pa.s.
The spinning process comprises the following steps: feeding the special material into a horizontal homodromous double screw with the length-diameter ratio of 48, wherein the temperature of the screw is 80-250 ℃, the aperture of a spinneret plate is 0.75mm, the length-diameter ratio of 10 and the number of holes are 80, extruding strands to pass through a circular blowing zone with the length of 20cm, a medium of carbon dioxide and the blowing temperature of 210 ℃, then entering a water bath with the length of 1.8m and the temperature of 60 ℃, pre-drafting by 90 times, primary drafting by 6 times and the temperature of 75 ℃, secondary drafting by 2 times and the temperature of 85 ℃, heat setting temperature by 85 ℃ and drafting multiple by 1.1. The prepared fiber has the strength of 22cN/dtex and the elongation at break of 12 percent.
Example 8:
the weight ratio of the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material components is as follows: 69.9 percent of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, 25 percent of high density polyethylene, 5 percent of lubricant and 0.1 percent of processing aid. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 200 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 6g/10min (190 ℃, 2.16kg), the lubricant is hyperbranched polyester, and the processing aid is polyhexafluoropropylene. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers is obtained after being uniformly mixed by a high-speed mixer, and the zero-shear viscosity of the special material at 210 ℃ is 31000 Pa.s.
The spinning process comprises the following steps: feeding the special material into a horizontal homodromous double screw with the length-diameter ratio of 48, wherein the temperature of the screw is 80-250 ℃, the aperture of a spinneret plate is 0.75mm, the length-diameter ratio of 10 and the number of holes of 75, extruding strands to pass through a circular blowing zone with the length of 30cm, a medium of carbon dioxide and the blowing temperature of 160 ℃, then entering a water bath with the length of 1.8m and the temperature of 60 ℃, pre-drafting by 90 times, primary drafting by 6 times and the temperature of 75 ℃, secondary drafting by 2.1 times and the temperature of 85 ℃, heat setting temperature by 85 ℃ and drafting multiple by 1.1. The prepared fiber has the strength of 16cN/dtex and the elongation at break of 9 percent.
The parameters of the special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers and the preparation process and device for the melt-spun fibers in the embodiments can be selected according to actual conditions and actual requirements, for example:
the medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-90 parts (such as 60 parts and 80 parts) of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, 10-45 parts (such as 15 parts and 30 parts) of high density polyethylene, 1-5 parts (such as 2 parts and 4 parts) of lubricant and 0.05-0.5 part (such as 0.1 part and 0.4 part) of processing aid.
The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has a viscosity average molecular weight of 80-600 million (e.g., 100 million, 300 million, 500 million), the high density polyethylene has a melt index of 1-10g/10min (e.g., 2g/10min, 5g/10min, 8g/10min), the lubricant comprises one or more of a hyperbranched polyamide, a hyperbranched polyester, a hyperbranched polyether, or a hyperbranched polystyrene, and the processing aid comprises one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytrifluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
In the annular blowing zone, the blowing medium comprises one or more of nitrogen, helium or carbon dioxide, the annular blowing temperature is 100-200 ℃ (such as 120 ℃, 150 ℃ and 180 ℃), and the length of the annular blowing zone is 5-50cm (such as 10cm, 25cm and 45 cm); the temperature of the water bath in the water bath is 30-80 deg.C (e.g. 40 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 70 deg.C), and the length of the water bath is 1-2m (e.g. 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8 m).
The draft ratio of the pre-draft is 8 to 100 times (e.g., 10 times, 50 times, 80 times); the primary hot drawing has a drawing ratio of 4-6 times (e.g. 4.5 times, 5 times, 5.5 times), and a hot drawing temperature of 70-80 deg.C (e.g. 72 deg.C, 75 deg.C, 78 deg.C); the draft multiple of the secondary hot draft is 1.5-3 times (such as 1.8 times, 2.2 times, 2.8 times), and the hot draft temperature is 80-95 deg.C (such as 82 deg.C, 85 deg.C, 92 deg.C); the heat-setting draft is 1 to 1.2 times (e.g., 1.1 times), and the heat-setting temperature is 80 to 95 ℃ (e.g., 82 ℃, 85 ℃, 92 ℃).
Screw length to diameter ratios of 20 to 64 (e.g., 25, 40, 55) in screw extruders;
the spinneret has a pore size of 0.5 to 2mm (e.g. 0.8mm, 1.2mm, 1.8mm), an aspect ratio of 8 to 15 (e.g. 10, 12) and a number of pores of 1 to 100 (e.g. 20, 50, 85).
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The medium and high strength polyethylene fiber special material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 10-45 parts of high density polyethylene, 1-5 parts of lubricant and 0.05-0.5 part of processing aid; the lubricant is hyperbranched polymer, and the processing aid is fluoropolymer.
2. The special material for the medium and high strength polyethylene fibers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the viscosity average molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 80-600 ten thousand, the melt index of the high density polyethylene is 1-10g/10min, the lubricant comprises one or more of hyperbranched polyamide, hyperbranched polyester, hyperbranched polyether or hyperbranched polystyrene, and the processing aid comprises one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytrifluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
3. The high strength polyethylene fiber furnish of claim 1 wherein the zero-shear viscosity of the fiber furnish is less than 10 at 210 ℃5Pa·s。
4. A method for preparing a high-strength polyethylene fiber speciality material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises the following steps: the components are uniformly mixed in a high-speed mixer to prepare the special material for the medium-high strength polyethylene fiber.
5. A method for preparing medium and high strength polyethylene melt spinning fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) melting and plasticizing the special material for the medium-high strength polyethylene fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3 by using a screw extruder, and then extruding the special material from a spinning assembly;
2) the extruded melt enters a water bath after passing through a circular blowing area to obtain primary filaments;
3) and (3) sequentially carrying out cross blowing, pre-drafting, primary hot-drafting, secondary hot-drafting and heat setting on the primary raw silk and then rolling to obtain the medium-high strength polyethylene fiber.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein the temperature in the screw extruder in step 1) is 80-300 ℃.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step 2), the blowing medium in the annular blowing zone comprises one or more of nitrogen, helium or carbon dioxide, the annular blowing temperature is 100 ℃ to 200 ℃, and the length of the annular blowing zone is 5-50 cm; the water bath temperature in the water bath is 30-80 ℃, and the water bath length is 1-2 m.
8. The method for preparing the melt-spun fiber of the medium-high strength polyethylene according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3), the pre-drawing ratio is 8 to 100; the primary hot drawing has the drawing multiple of 4-6 times and the hot drawing temperature of 70-80 ℃; the drafting multiple of the secondary hot drafting is 1.5-3 times, and the hot drafting temperature is 80-95 ℃; the drafting multiple of the heat setting is 1-1.2 times, and the heat setting temperature is 80-95 ℃.
9. The device for preparing the high-strength polyethylene melt-spun fibers based on the method of claim 5, which comprises a screw extruder, a spinning assembly, a circular blowing zone, a water bath, a side blowing zone, a pre-drafting roller, a primary drafting hot box, a secondary drafting hot box, a heat setting box and a winding machine which are arranged in sequence.
10. The apparatus for preparing high-strength polyethylene melt-spun fibers according to claim 9,
the screw extruder is a horizontal screw extruder or a vertical screw extruder, the screw type adopts a single screw, a same-direction double screw, a different-direction double screw, a conical double screw or a plurality of screws, and the length-diameter ratio of the screws is 20-64;
a metering pump is arranged between the screw extruder and the spinning assembly;
the spinning assembly comprises a filtering piece, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate which are sequentially arranged, wherein the aperture of the spinneret plate is 0.5-2mm, the length-diameter ratio is 8-15, and the number of holes is 1-100.
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