CN111592411A - Compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of plant straw, 5-10 parts of activated sludge, 5-10 parts of livestock and poultry excrement particles, 5-11 parts of pine needles, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 3-6 parts of a microbial agent and 10-20 parts of an inorganic fertilizer; the inorganic fertilizer takes cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers, and takes urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the compound fertilizer. The compound fertilizer has good slow release effect, can effectively improve the stress resistance of the Chinese yam, provides nutrition required by the growth of the Chinese yam, and further improves the yield and the quality of the Chinese yam; and the preparation method is simple and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of Chinese yam planting, in particular to a compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The yam is an underground tuber of the dioscoreaceae plant yam and is a traditional medicine-food homologous plant in China. The Chinese yam contains various nutritional ingredients such as vitamins, proteins, starch, free amino acids and the like, and the content of some mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like is very rich; the functional active ingredients comprise polysaccharide, polyphenol compounds, saponin, allantoin, cholesterol, ergosterol, choline and the like, have various physiological effects of resisting oxidation, resisting tumors, reducing blood fat, regulating intestinal flora, enhancing body immunity and the like, and are widely applied to industries of functional foods, health-care products, medicines and the like.
Chinese yam is widely planted in China and has various varieties, so that the Chinese yam is an ideal popularization project for developing high-efficiency agriculture and promoting income increase of farmers at present. However, the yam planting mode is various; the formation of the yam yield is influenced by the genetic characteristics of the variety, the environmental conditions, the cultivation measures and other factors, and the influence of the environmental conditions and the cultivation measures on the yam yield is increasingly obvious on the basis of optimizing the genetic characteristics of the variety. Especially, reasonable fertilization is carried out in the yam planting process, so that the growth of the yams can be effectively promoted, and the yield of the yams is improved.
Chinese patent (application number: 201610870027.5, published: 20170222) discloses a Chinese yam planting fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the Chinese yam planting fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of farmyard manure, 10-20 parts of starch, 5-10 parts of vermiculite powder, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-8 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of bone meal, 5-9 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of bentonite, 3-5 parts of borax, 3-5 parts of chitin, 2-6 parts of ammonium chloride, 1-3 parts of isoleucine, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate and 1-2 parts of potassium nitrate. The application mainly uses organic fertilizers and uses inorganic fertilizers as auxiliary fertilizers to exert fertilizer efficiency, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth and development of the Chinese yam, rich trace elements are provided, and the soil fertility and the quality of the Chinese yam can be improved. However, the planting fertilizer disclosed by the invention cannot be fully utilized by crops after being applied to soil, so that the fertilizer is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the compound fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of the Chinese yam is provided, has a good slow release effect, can effectively improve the stress resistance of the Chinese yam, provides nutrition required by the growth of the Chinese yam, and further improves the yield and the quality of the Chinese yam.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of the Chinese yam is simple to operate, mild in condition and low in cost, and the prepared compound fertilizer can effectively improve the fertility and the water and fertilizer retention performance of soil.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of plant straw, 5-10 parts of activated sludge, 5-10 parts of livestock and poultry excrement particles, 5-11 parts of pine needles, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 3-6 parts of a microbial agent and 10-20 parts of an inorganic fertilizer;
the inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the plant straws are one or a mixture of more than one of corn straws, wheat straws and sorghum straws.
Preferably, the microbial agent is one or a mixture of a saccharomyces cerevisiae agent, a bacillus peptone jelly agent and a lactobacillus fermentum agent.
Preferably, the sawdust is pine sawdust.
Preferably, in the inorganic fertilizer, the mass ratio of the carrier to the active components is (6-9): 4.
in order to solve the second technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is:
a preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing plant straws, mixing the crushed plant straws with activated sludge, placing the mixture in a fermentation bin, performing aerobic fermentation, adding livestock and poultry excrement particles, pine needles and sawdust, stirring and mixing, and continuing fermentation to prepare a mixture;
(2) dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate in water, adding cellulose nano-fiber and nano-hydroxyapatite, violently stirring and dispersing, introducing nitrogen into the obtained mixed solution, heating to 60-70 ℃, adding potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, stirring for 30-40 min, continuously adding a mixture of acrylic acid and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, reacting at a constant temperature for 1-2 h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, placing the reactant in an oven, drying at 60-80 ℃, and finally crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
(3) mixing a microbial agent with water to prepare a microbial agent solution; and (3) mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2), spraying the prepared microbial agent solution, stirring, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is controlled to 60 ± 5 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of urea to ammonium phosphate to potassium dihydrogen phosphate to calcium dihydrogen phosphate is 5:2:1: 1.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the cellulose nanofibers, the nano-hydroxyapatite, the potassium persulfate, the acrylic acid and the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is (0.5-1): 1:0.1: (2.5-2.8): (0.2-0.3).
Preferably, in the step (2), the cellulose nanofibers are extracted from water hyacinth, and have a diameter of 5-6 nm and a length of 1000 nm.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam, which comprises activated sludge, livestock and poultry manure particles, pine needles, pine tree sawdust, a microbial agent and an inorganic fertilizer; the pine sawdust has high chemical activity, large surface area, low cost and good adsorption performance, and can improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil; and the pine is not easy to rot, so that the organic matters in the soil are more durable. The inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components. The activated sludge contains rich nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and organic matters, and can effectively improve the organic matters in soil, promote the root growth of the Chinese yam and further improve the growth speed and the yield of the Chinese yam. And the nitrogen and the phosphorus in the activated sludge are organic and can be slowly released, so that the long-acting property of the compound fertilizer is improved. According to the invention, the activated sludge and the crushed plant straws are mixed and fermented, so that organic matters in the activated sludge are converted into humus which can provide nutrition for plants, and a large amount of heat generated in the fermentation process can effectively remove germs, weed seeds and the like in the sludge, so that the prepared fertilizer can better promote the growth of Chinese yam.
The polyacrylamide gel has more hydrophilic groups and high absorption capacity, and can be degraded by microorganisms in soil, so that ammonia gas or ammonium ions and carboxylate ions are generated, and the nitrogen content in the soil is improved; the carboxylate ions can be further degraded and are environmentally friendly. The cellulose nanofiber has good hydrophilicity, large specific surface area and good mechanical property; the nano hydroxyapatite has good ion exchange capacity and can effectively remove heavy metal ions in soil; and the surface of the nano hydroxyapatite has a large number of hydroxyl groups, so that the nano hydroxyapatite has strong affinity to organic matters. Dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate in water to prepare an active component solution; then adding nano hydroxyapatite and cellulose nano fiber, and violently stirring and dispersing; then introducing nitrogen and heating, continuously adding potassium persulfate as an initiator, adding acrylic acid as a reaction monomer, and adding N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent to perform reaction; the cellulose nano-fiber molecules and the surface of the nano-hydroxyapatite have a large amount of hydroxyl groups, and the hydroxyl groups can be crosslinked with polymerized polyacrylamide gel to form an organic-inorganic composite material with a three-dimensional network structure; the prepared organic-inorganic composite material is ionized in a solution, chemical functional groups exposed outside a molecular chain can effectively attract inorganic ions with different charges, and urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate are effectively adsorbed in a three-dimensional network structure in the drying process to form coating. During slow release, polyacrylamide can be degraded by microorganisms in soil to release a large amount of N, the cellulose molecular weight is a part of the organic-inorganic composite material, carbon which is easy to degrade can be provided for the microorganisms, degradation of polyacrylamide is promoted, and nitrogen is released; the nano-hydroxyapatite can also be degraded by microorganisms, thereby improving the phosphorus content and the calcium content in the soil. The inorganic fertilizer prepared by the invention has good slow release performance and can promote the healthy and strong growth of the Chinese yam.
The compound fertilizer prepared by the invention is prepared by the combined action of inorganic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer, has good slow release effect, can effectively improve the stress resistance of the Chinese yam, provides nutrition required by the growth of the Chinese yam, further improves the yield and quality of the Chinese yam, and has simple preparation method and low cost.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of corn straw, 5 parts of activated sludge, 5 parts of livestock and poultry manure particles, 5 parts of pine needle, 10 parts of sawdust, 3 parts of a microbial agent and 10 parts of an inorganic fertilizer;
the inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components; the mass ratio of the carrier to the active components is 3: 2; the microbial agent comprises a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent and a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing corn straws, mixing the crushed corn straws with activated sludge, placing the mixture in a fermentation bin, performing aerobic fermentation, adding livestock and poultry excrement particles, pine needles and sawdust, stirring and mixing, and continuing fermentation to prepare a mixture;
(2) dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate in water according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1, adding 5g of cellulose nanofiber and 10g of nano-hydroxyapatite, vigorously stirring and dispersing, introducing nitrogen into the obtained mixed solution, heating to 60 ℃, adding 1g of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, stirring for 30min, continuously adding a mixture of 25g of acrylic acid and 2g of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, reacting at a constant temperature for 1h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, drying the reactant in an oven at 60 ℃, and finally crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
(3) mixing a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent, a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent and water to prepare a microbial agent solution; and (3) mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2), spraying the prepared microbial agent solution, stirring, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 2
The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam comprises the following components in parts by weight:
25 parts of wheat straw, 10 parts of activated sludge, 10 parts of livestock and poultry manure particles, 11 parts of pine needle, 15 parts of sawdust, 6 parts of microbial agent and 20 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
the inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components; the mass ratio of the carrier to the active components is 9: 4; the microbial agent comprises a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent and a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing wheat straws, mixing the crushed wheat straws with activated sludge, placing the mixture in a fermentation bin, performing aerobic fermentation, adding livestock and poultry manure particles, pine needles and sawdust, stirring and mixing, and continuing fermentation to prepare a mixture;
(2) dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate in water according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1, adding 10g of cellulose nanofiber and 10g of nano-hydroxyapatite, vigorously stirring and dispersing, introducing nitrogen into the obtained mixed solution, heating to 70 ℃, adding 1g of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, stirring for 40min, continuously adding a mixture of 28g of acrylic acid and 3g of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, reacting at a constant temperature for 2h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, drying the reactant in an oven at 80 ℃, and finally crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
(3) mixing a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent, a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent and water to prepare a microbial agent solution; and (3) mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2), spraying the prepared microbial agent solution, stirring, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 3
The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam comprises the following components in parts by weight:
17 parts of sorghum straw, 6 parts of activated sludge, 6 parts of livestock and poultry manure particles, 7 parts of pine needles, 11 parts of sawdust, 4 parts of microbial agent and 12 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
the inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components; the mass ratio of the carrier to the active components is 7: 4; the microbial agent comprises a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent and a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing sorghum straws, mixing with activated sludge, placing in a fermentation bin, performing aerobic fermentation, adding livestock and poultry manure particles, pine needles and sawdust, stirring and mixing, and continuing fermentation to prepare a mixture;
(2) dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate in water according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1, adding 6g of cellulose nanofiber and 10g of nano-hydroxyapatite, vigorously stirring and dispersing, introducing nitrogen into the obtained mixed solution, heating to 65 ℃, adding 1g of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, stirring for 35min, continuously adding a mixture of 26g of acrylic acid and 2.5g of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, reacting at a constant temperature for 1h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, drying the reactant in an oven at 65 ℃, and finally crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
(3) mixing a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent, a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent and water to prepare a microbial agent solution; and (3) mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2), spraying the prepared microbial agent solution, stirring, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 4
The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of sorghum straw, 7 parts of activated sludge, 7 parts of livestock and poultry manure particles, 8 parts of pine needle, 12 parts of sawdust, 4 parts of microbial inoculum and 14 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
the inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components; the mass ratio of the carrier to the active components is 2: 1; the microbial agent comprises a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent and a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing corn straws and sorghum straws, mixing the crushed corn straws and sorghum straws with activated sludge, placing the mixture in a fermentation bin, performing aerobic fermentation, adding livestock and poultry manure particles, pine needles and sawdust, stirring and mixing, and continuing fermentation to prepare a mixture;
(2) dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate in water according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1, adding 8g of cellulose nanofiber and 10g of nano-hydroxyapatite, vigorously stirring and dispersing, introducing nitrogen into the obtained mixed solution, heating to 60 ℃, adding 1g of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, stirring for 40min, continuously adding a mixture of 26g of acrylic acid and 3g of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, reacting at a constant temperature for 1h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, drying the reactant in an oven at 70 ℃, and finally crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
(3) mixing a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent, a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent and water to prepare a microbial agent solution; and (3) mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2), spraying the prepared microbial agent solution, stirring, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 5
The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam comprises the following components in parts by weight:
13 parts of wheat straw, 12 parts of sorghum straw, 8 parts of activated sludge, 8 parts of livestock and poultry manure particles, 10 parts of pine needle, 13 parts of sawdust, 4.5 parts of microbial inoculum and 16 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
the inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components; the mass ratio of the carrier to the active components is 9: 4; the microbial agent comprises a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent and a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing wheat straws and sorghum straws, mixing the crushed wheat straws and sorghum straws with activated sludge, placing the mixture in a fermentation bin, performing aerobic fermentation, adding livestock and poultry manure particles, pine needles and sawdust, stirring and mixing, and continuing fermentation to prepare a mixture;
(2) dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate in water according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1, adding 8g of cellulose nanofiber and 10g of nano-hydroxyapatite, vigorously stirring and dispersing, introducing nitrogen into the obtained mixed solution, heating to 60 ℃, adding 1g of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, stirring for 35min, continuously adding a mixture of 27g of acrylic acid and 2.5g of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, reacting at a constant temperature for 2h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, drying the reactant in an oven at 75 ℃, and finally crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
(3) mixing a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent, a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent and water to prepare a microbial agent solution; and (3) mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2), spraying the prepared microbial agent solution, stirring, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 6
The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam comprises the following components in parts by weight:
12 parts of corn straw, 13 parts of wheat straw, 10 parts of activated sludge, 9 parts of livestock and poultry manure particles, 11 parts of pine needle, 14 parts of sawdust, 5.5 parts of a microbial agent and 18 parts of an inorganic fertilizer;
the inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components; the mass ratio of the carrier to the active components is 7: 4; the microbial agent comprises a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent and a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing corn straws and wheat straws, mixing the crushed corn straws and wheat straws with activated sludge, placing the mixture in a fermentation bin, performing aerobic fermentation, adding livestock and poultry manure particles, pine needles and sawdust, stirring and mixing, and continuing fermentation to prepare a mixture;
(2) dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate in water according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1, adding 9g of cellulose nanofiber and 10g of nano-hydroxyapatite, vigorously stirring and dispersing, introducing nitrogen into the obtained mixed solution, heating to 65 ℃, adding 1g of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, stirring for 40min, continuously adding a mixture of 28g of acrylic acid and 3g of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, reacting at a constant temperature for 1h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, drying the reactant in an oven at 80 ℃, and finally crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
(3) mixing a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent, a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent and water to prepare a microbial agent solution; and (3) mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2), spraying the prepared microbial agent solution, stirring, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Comparative example
The inorganic fertilizer is directly mixed with other components in the compound fertilizer, cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel/nano hydroxyapatite is not used as a carrier, and other conditions are the same as those in example 6.
The compound fertilizer prepared in the above examples 1 to 6 and the comparative example 1 is used for yam planting, and the fertilization measures are carried out according to the conventional management experience; when harvesting, randomly selecting the same area in each planting area, weighing the harvested Chinese yam, and calculating the yield of the Chinese yam; and calculating the incidence rate of the diseases and insect pests according to the number of the plants with the diseases and insect pests. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Yield, kg/mu | The incidence rate of Chinese yam diseases and insect pests% | |
| Example 1 | 3910.2 | 3.8 |
| Example 2 | 3921.5 | 3.5 |
| Example 3 | 3925.9 | 2.9 |
| Example 4 | 3919.6 | 3.3 |
| Example 5 | 3933.8 | 3.5 |
| Example 6 | 3955.7 | 3.0 |
| Comparative example | 3133.5 | 8.5 |
From the results, compared with the comparative example, the compound fertilizer prepared by effectively coating the inorganic fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer and the organic fertilizer can effectively improve the yield of the Chinese yam, improve the stress resistance of the Chinese yam and reduce the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests of the Chinese yam when the compound fertilizer is used for planting the Chinese yam.
Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam is characterized in that: the coating comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of plant straw, 5-10 parts of activated sludge, 5-10 parts of livestock and poultry excrement particles, 5-11 parts of pine needles, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 3-6 parts of a microbial agent and 10-20 parts of an inorganic fertilizer;
the inorganic fertilizer is an inorganic mixed fertilizer which is formed by taking cellulose nanofiber grafted polyacrylamide gel and nano hydroxyapatite as carriers and taking urea, ammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate as active components.
2. The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the plant straw is one or a mixture of corn straw, wheat straw and sorghum straw.
3. The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microbial agent is one or a mixture of a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, a bacillus peptone jelly bacterial agent and a lactobacillus fermentum bacterial agent.
4. The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sawdust is pine sawdust.
5. The compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the carrier to the active components in the inorganic fertilizer is (6-9): 4.
6. the preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing plant straws, mixing the crushed plant straws with activated sludge, placing the mixture in a fermentation bin, performing aerobic fermentation, adding livestock and poultry excrement particles, pine needles and sawdust, stirring and mixing, and continuing fermentation to prepare a mixture;
(2) dissolving urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate in water, adding cellulose fiber and nano-hydroxyapatite, vigorously stirring and dispersing, introducing nitrogen into the obtained mixed solution, heating to 60-70 ℃, adding potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, stirring for 30-40 min, continuously adding a mixture of acrylic acid and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, reacting at a constant temperature for 1-2 h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, placing the reactant in an oven at 60-80 ℃, drying, and finally crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
(3) mixing a microbial agent with water to prepare a microbial agent solution; and (3) mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture prepared in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2), spraying the prepared microbial agent solution, stirring, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
7. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is controlled to be 60 +/-5 ℃.
8. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the urea to the ammonium phosphate to the monopotassium phosphate to the monocalcium phosphate is 5:2:1: 1.
9. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the cellulose fibers, the nano hydroxyapatite, the potassium persulfate, the acrylic acid and the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is (0.5-1): 1:0.1: (2.5-2.8): (0.2-0.3).
10. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance of Chinese yam according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the cellulose fibers are extracted from water hyacinth, and the diameter of the cellulose fibers is 5-6 nm, and the length of the cellulose fibers is 1000 nm.
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Application publication date: 20200828 |