CN111576591A - Construction method for preventing water seepage of garage top plate - Google Patents
Construction method for preventing water seepage of garage top plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111576591A CN111576591A CN202010463565.9A CN202010463565A CN111576591A CN 111576591 A CN111576591 A CN 111576591A CN 202010463565 A CN202010463565 A CN 202010463565A CN 111576591 A CN111576591 A CN 111576591A
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- water
- blind ditch
- garage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/06—Methods of, or installations for, laying sewer pipes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for preventing water seepage of a garage roof, which comprises the following construction steps: the method comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off the built garage top plate, and determining a blind ditch arrangement line; step two: after the surface layer of the garage top plate is subjected to waterproof treatment, blind ditch cushion layer bedding is carried out on the surface layer of the garage top plate, so that the cushion layer is in a certain gradient along the water collection direction according to a blind ditch arrangement circuit; step three: building a blind ditch network consisting of a plurality of blind ditches on the blind ditch cushion layer by adopting solid bricks according to blind ditch arrangement lines, wherein the blind ditches are provided with water falling holes or water outlets along the tail end of the water collecting direction, and the water falling holes are communicated with a water collecting well through a pipeline or the water outlets are communicated with a municipal drainage pipe network; step four: and a concrete cover plate for sealing the blind ditch is poured above the blind ditch, and then the top plate of the garage is backfilled with earth to form the terrace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of residential housing buildings, in particular to a water seepage prevention construction method for a garage top plate.
Background
When building a floor terrace, a drainage ditch needs to be built, drainage is generally carried out in a mode of an open ditch and a water collecting well, however, the open ditch is formed by adopting backfill earthwork or directly breaking the terrace, so that during operation of the open ditch, on one hand, the backfill earthwork which is not beneficial to forming is tamped, and on the other hand, when the terrace is broken, the terrace which is difficult to form by the backfill is greatly disturbed, so that the safety protection performance is easy to be poor.
In addition, the step of constructing drainage is carried out after the floor surface is formed, so that the whole construction step is easily delayed, the construction operation can cause large labor consumption, the cost is high, the operation of installing the open trench cover plate is complicated, and the limitation of the ditching position is not favorable for the integral arrangement of open trench drainage, so the cost of the construction operation is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the water seepage prevention construction method for the garage roof, which can adsorb the water seepage of the terrace, can achieve the water seepage prevention of the garage roof and has the safety protection performance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a construction method for preventing water seepage of a garage roof comprises the following construction steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off the built garage top plate, and determining a blind ditch arrangement line;
step two: after the surface layer of the garage top plate is subjected to waterproof treatment, blind ditch cushion layer bedding is carried out on the surface layer of the garage top plate, so that the cushion layer is in a certain gradient along the water collection direction according to a blind ditch arrangement circuit;
step three: building a blind ditch network consisting of a plurality of blind ditches on the blind ditch cushion layer by adopting solid bricks according to blind ditch arrangement lines, wherein the blind ditches are provided with water falling holes or water outlets along the tail end of the water collection direction according to the process requirements, and the water falling holes are communicated with a water collection well through a pipeline or the water outlets are communicated with a municipal drainage pipe network; step four: and a concrete cover plate for sealing the blind ditch is poured above the blind ditch, and then the top plate of the garage is backfilled with earth to form the terrace.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a hidden-form blind ditch design, compared with an open ditch design in the prior art, the construction time is prolonged because the ground is broken and ditches are avoided, meanwhile, each blind ditch in the blind ditch net is designed to have a certain gradient along the water collecting direction according to the blind ditch arrangement line, and the gradient of the water collecting direction is matched with that of the blind ditch when solid bricks are used for building, so that the seepage water of the ground can be ensured to flow smoothly to a blind ditch water falling hole or a water outlet after entering the blind ditch after the solid bricks are used for building the blind ditch, compared with the blind ditch in the prior art which adopts pipelines, the invention adopts the solid bricks for building the blind ditch to form the gradient of the water collecting direction which is formed by better jointing, simultaneously saves materials, and simultaneously, selectively adopts the water falling hole to be communicated with a water collecting well through the pipeline to realize the vertical drainage of water, or adopts the water outlet to be communicated with a drainage city pipe network.
In addition, the blind ditch concrete cover plate is formed by casting and then backfilling the soil to form the terrace, so that the blind ditch concrete cover plate is not exposed outside the terrace, the beauty of the terrace is not influenced, and unsafe factors are avoided.
Description of the drawings: the unsafe factors are: 1. someone can uncover the trench cover plate or steal the trench cover plate and dump garbage at will; 2. when the children are played and trampled in a community, the children are easy to get in or get stuck by mistake; 3. the overweight object is easy to break after being rolled and the like; 4. is easy to enter into the small animals and the foreign harmful animals to nest and lodge to cause the blockage of the blind ditch.
Further, in the first step, a floor terrace is arranged above the garage top plate, a water spraying pool is arranged on the floor terrace, a water drainage hole is arranged in the water spraying pool, and the water drainage hole is communicated with the blind ditch. After the water is drained from the water spraying pool on the floor of the community, a small amount of reserved water can be drained to the blind ditch through the water drainage holes and then collected into a municipal drainage pipe network or a water collecting well, so that the water in the water spraying pool can be completely drained.
Further, in the second step, the gradient is 2-15 degrees. Wherein, the slope is 2 ~5 and is the gentle slope, and 5 ~15 are the slope, according to the construction demand, adjusts the angle of slope for the terrace infiltration can be followed the direction of catchmenting and collect and discharge.
Further, in the third step, after the solid bricks are built into the blind ditches, geotextile is used for encapsulation. Because the geotextile has good water-conducting and protective properties, the blind ditch built by the solid bricks is encapsulated by the geotextile, a drainage channel can be formed in the solid bricks, and meanwhile, the solid bricks can be prevented from being damaged by external force.
Furthermore, in the third step, when the solid bricks are used for building the blind ditch, a plurality of water passing holes are reserved at the bottoms of the two side surfaces of the formed blind ditch according to a certain interval, and the water passing holes are symmetrically staggered. The water hole is crossed in the design for the convenience collects the terrace infiltration, simultaneously, also plays waterproof effect to the garage roof.
Furthermore, a plurality of broken stone water filtering layers are arranged outside two sides of the blind ditch and correspond to the water passing holes one by one, and first water grates are arranged on the water passing holes. The water grate and the broken stone water filtering layer can prevent the mud flow from accumulating to block the water passing hole.
Further, in the third step, a water falling funnel is arranged at the bottom of each water falling hole, a water falling pipe is communicated with the bottom of the water falling funnel, and the water falling holes are communicated with the water collecting well through the water falling pipe.
The design can be favorable for collecting the water seepage of the floor of the garage top plate, and the water seepage is discharged to a municipal drainage pipe network through the tail end of the blind ditch or is discharged to a water collecting well through a water falling pipeline, so that the water seepage of the floor of the building is eliminated.
Furthermore, the downpipe is sleeved with a support frame, and when the support frame is used, the support frame is used for being installed on the wall surface of a garage. By the design, when the drainage system is installed, the downpipe is fixed through the support frame on the downpipe, and meanwhile, the support frame is installed on the wall surface of the garage and plays a supporting role on the downpipe through the support frame.
Furthermore, a second water grate is arranged in the water outlet and the water falling funnel. The second water grate prevents the mud flow with particles from blocking the pipe blockage.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, when the top plate of the garage is backfilled with earthwork, the first water grates and the crushed stone water filtering layers which are installed on the water passing holes on the blind ditches are ensured to be formed in an operating mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention fully utilizes the form of the prefabricated blind ditch with the drainage function and the gradient of the prefabricated blind ditch arranged in the water collection direction of the blind ditch arrangement line design, and ensures that the seepage water of the floor can enter the blind ditch after the blind ditch is formed and then flows smoothly to a blind ditch water outlet or a water falling hole; the quick and orderly structure can reduce the installation links, save materials, shorten the construction period and reduce the cost.
2. The two sides of the bottom of the blind ditch side wall are symmetrically arranged on the water passing holes in a staggered manner, and the arranged first water grate and the gravel water filtering layer can prevent mud flow from accumulating and blocking the water passing holes; the process for constructing the forming system is simple, the quality is controllable, and the construction is easy.
3. According to the invention, the blind ditch net formed by building solid bricks and the solid bricks are encapsulated by geotextile, so that the integral and stable integral drainage blind ditch is strong, and meanwhile, the blind ditch is built, formed and hidden, orderly and easy to implement by building the blind ditch on the garage top plate and forming the terrace after backfilling the earth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan layout view of the water seepage prevention construction method for the garage roof according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the end of a water outlet in communication with a municipal drainage pipe network in the method for constructing the garage roof to prevent water seepage according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the ends of the water falling holes and the water collecting wells in the water seepage prevention construction method for the garage roof of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a garage top plate 1, a blind ditch 2, a first water falling hole 3, a second water falling hole 4, a third water falling hole 5, a water spraying pool 6, solid bricks 7, geotextile 8, a concrete cover plate 9, a water passing hole 10, a gravel water filtering layer 11, a terrace 12, a garage wall 13, a water falling funnel 14, a second water grate 15, a water falling pipe 16, a support frame 17, a floor terrace 18 and a water outlet 19.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in connection with the following figures and examples.
In this embodiment: referring to fig. 1 to 5, a method for constructing a garage roof to prevent water seepage comprises the following construction steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off the built garage top plate 1, and determining a blind ditch arrangement line;
step two: after the surface layer of the garage top plate 1 is subjected to waterproof treatment, cushion layer laying of a blind ditch 2 is carried out on the surface layer of the garage top plate 1, so that the cushion layer is in a certain gradient along the water collection direction according to a blind ditch arrangement line;
step three: building a blind ditch net 2 consisting of a plurality of blind ditches on a cushion layer of the blind ditch 2 by adopting solid bricks 7 according to blind ditch arrangement lines, arranging a water falling hole 14 or a water outlet 19 at the tail end of the blind ditch 2 along the water collecting direction according to the process requirements, wherein the water falling hole 14 is communicated with a water collecting well through a pipeline, or the water outlet 19 is communicated with a municipal drainage pipe network;
step four: and a concrete cover plate 9 for sealing the blind ditch is poured above the blind ditch 2, and then earth is backfilled on the garage top plate 1 to form a terrace 12.
The scheme adopts the design of the hidden-type blind ditch 2, and compared with the open ditch design in the prior art, the design of the hidden-type blind ditch can avoid the late stage of the terrace 12 to break the soil and ditch, which leads to the prolonging of the construction time, meanwhile, each section of blind ditch 2 in the blind ditch 2 network is designed to be a certain gradient along the water collecting direction according to the arrangement line of the blind ditches 2, by adopting the solid bricks 7 to be matched with the gradient of the water collecting direction when being built, after the blind ditch 2 built by the solid bricks 7 is formed, can ensure that the seepage water of the terrace 12 enters the blind ditch 2 and then flows smoothly to the drainage outlet 19 or the water falling hole 14, compared with the prior art that the blind ditch 2 adopts pipelines, the scheme adopts solid bricks 7 to build the blind ditch 2 to form a better water collecting direction gradient formed by the joint, meanwhile, the material is saved, and meanwhile, the water falling hole 14 which can be selectively adopted is communicated with a water collecting well through a pipeline to realize vertical drainage of water, or the water outlet 19 is communicated with a municipal drainage pipe network to realize horizontal drainage.
In addition, this scheme is through backfilling square formation terrace 12 of earth after concrete apron 9 is pour for concrete apron 9 can not expose in the terrace 12 outside, neither influences the pleasing to the eye of terrace 12, has avoided unsafe factor again.
Description of the drawings: the unsafe factors are: 1. someone can uncover the trench cover plate or steal and dump garbage at will; 2. when the children are played and trampled in a community, the children are easy to get in or get stuck by mistake; 3. the overweight object is easy to break after being rolled and the like; 4. is easy to enter into the small animals and the foreign harmful animals to nest and lodge to cause the blockage of the blind ditch 2.
Preferably, in the first step, a floor terrace 18 is arranged above the garage top plate 1, a water spraying pool 6 is arranged on the floor terrace 18, a water drainage hole is arranged in the water spraying pool 6, and the water drainage hole is communicated with the blind ditch 2. After the water is drained from the water spraying pool 6 on the floor 18 of the community, a small amount of reserved water can be drained to the blind ditch 2 through the drainage holes and then collected into a municipal drainage pipe network or a water collecting well, so that the water in the water spraying pool 6 can be completely drained.
Preferably, in the second step, the gradient is 2-15 degrees. Wherein, the slope is 2 ~5 and is the gentle slope, and 5 ~15 are the slope, according to the construction demand, adjusts the angle of slope for terrace 12 infiltration can be followed the direction of catchmenting and collect and discharge.
Preferably, in the third step, after the solid bricks 7 are built into the blind ditch 2, the blind ditch is encapsulated by geotextile 8. Because the geotextile 8 has good water guiding and protecting properties, the blind ditch 2 built by the solid bricks 7 is encapsulated by the geotextile 8, a drainage channel is formed in the blind ditch, and meanwhile, the solid bricks 7 can be prevented from being damaged by external force.
Preferably, in the third step, when the solid bricks 7 are used for building the blind ditch 2, a plurality of water through holes 10 are reserved at the bottoms of two side surfaces of the formed blind ditch 2 according to a certain interval, and the water through holes 10 are in a symmetrical staggered design. The water hole 10 is designed for conveniently collecting water seepage of the terrace 12, and simultaneously, the water seepage prevention effect is also played to the garage top plate 1, a plurality of broken stone water filtering layers 11 are arranged outside two sides of the blind ditch 2, the broken stone water filtering layers 11 correspond to the water hole 10 one by one, and a first water grate is arranged on the water hole 10. The water grate and the crushed stone water filtering layer 11 can prevent the mud flow from accumulating to block the water passing holes 10.
In the third step, a water falling funnel 14 is arranged at the bottom of the water falling hole, a water falling pipe 16 is communicated with the bottom of the water falling funnel 14, and the water falling hole 14 is communicated with the water collecting well through the water falling pipe 16; the water outlet 19 and the water falling funnel 14 are internally provided with a second water grate 15, the water outlet 19 is directly communicated with a municipal drainage pipe network, or the water falling hole 14 is connected to a water collecting well through a water falling pipe 16, so that the accumulated water in the blind ditch 2 can be collected, the water seepage of the floor terrace 12 is eliminated, and the water seepage prevention of the garage top plate is realized; in fig. 1, the water dropping holes include a first water dropping hole 3, a second water dropping hole 4 and a third water dropping hole 5; or form an alternative first drain opening 3, second drain opening 4 and third drain opening 5.
Wherein, the downpipe 16 is sleeved with a support frame 17, and when in use, the support frame 17 is used for being installed on the wall surface of a garage. By the design, when the drainage system is installed, the downpipe 16 is fixed through the support frame 17 on the downpipe 16, and meanwhile, the support frame 17 is installed on the wall surface of the garage, and the support frame 17 plays a role in supporting the downpipe 16.
Preferably, in the fourth step, when the garage roof 1 is backfilled with earthwork, the first water grate and the crushed stone water filtering layer 11 installed on each water passing hole 10 on the blind ditch 2 are ensured to be formed in an operation mode.
The scheme fully utilizes the form of the prefabricated blind ditch 2 with the drainage function and the gradient of the prefabricated blind ditch 2 arranged in the water collection direction of the blind ditch 2 layout line design, so that the seepage of the floor 12 can be ensured to enter the blind ditch 2 after the blind ditch 2 is formed, the flow direction is smooth to the water falling hole of the blind ditch 2, the water seepage prevention of the garage roof 1 can be achieved after the floor 12 is formed by a reasonable construction method, the technical effect of eliminating the seepage of the building floor 12 is eliminated, and further, the water seepage prevention of the garage roof is easy to realize, the rapid construction can be met, and the construction quality of the building floor construction is improved; the quick and orderly structure can reduce the installation links, save materials, shorten the construction period and reduce the cost.
Meanwhile, compared with the conventional blind ditch pipeline made of plastic, the blind ditch pipeline is high in overall stability, strong in performance of adsorbing water seepage of the terrace and long in service time; and the problems that the blind ditch 2 pipeline is blocked and unsmooth water passing is caused when the blind ditch 2 pipeline is used due to displacement and dislocation when the backfill earthwork is vibrated and pressed to backfill the earthwork are also avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The construction method for preventing water seepage of the garage top plate is characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off the built garage top plate (1), and determining a blind ditch arrangement line;
step two: after the surface layer of the garage top plate (1) is subjected to waterproof treatment, cushion bedding of the blind ditches (2) is laid on the surface layer of the garage top plate (1), so that the cushion bedding has a certain gradient along the water collecting direction according to a blind ditch arrangement line;
step three: building solid bricks (7) on a cushion layer of the blind ditch (2) according to blind ditch arrangement lines to form a blind ditch network consisting of a plurality of blind ditches (2), wherein a water falling hole (14) or a water outlet (19) is formed in the tail end of the blind ditch (2) along the water collecting direction according to the process requirements, and the water falling hole (14) is communicated with a water collecting well through a pipeline or the water outlet (19) is communicated with a municipal drainage pipe network;
step four: and a concrete cover plate (9) for sealing the blind ditch (2) is poured above the blind ditch (2), and then earth is backfilled on the garage top plate (1) to form a terrace (12).
2. The garage roof water seepage prevention construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first step, a floor (18) is arranged above the garage roof (1), a water spraying pool (6) is arranged on the floor (18), a water drainage hole is arranged in the water spraying pool (6), and the water drainage hole is communicated with the blind ditch (2).
3. The method for constructing a garage roof to prevent water seepage according to claim 1, wherein in step two, the gradient is 2-15 °.
4. The garage roof water seepage prevention construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step three, after the solid bricks (7) are built into the blind ditches (2), geotextile (8) is used for encapsulation.
5. The garage roof water seepage prevention construction method according to any one of claims 1 or 4, characterized in that in the third step, when the solid bricks (7) are used for building the blind ditch (2), a plurality of water through holes (10) are reserved at the bottoms of two side surfaces of the formed blind ditch (2) according to a certain interval, and the water through holes (10) are symmetrically staggered.
6. The garage roof water seepage prevention construction method according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of gravel water filtering layers (11) are arranged outside two sides of the blind ditch (2), the gravel water filtering layers (11) correspond to the water passing holes (10) in a one-to-one mode, and first water grates are arranged on the water passing holes (10).
7. The garage roof water seepage prevention construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step three, a water falling funnel (14) is arranged at the bottom of the water falling hole, a water falling pipe (16) is communicated with the bottom of the water falling funnel (14), and the water falling hole (14) is communicated with a water collecting well through the water falling pipe (16).
8. The garage roof water seepage prevention construction method according to claim 7, wherein a support frame (17) is sleeved on the downpipe (16), and when in use, the support frame (17) is used for being installed on a garage wall.
9. The construction method for preventing water seepage of the garage roof as claimed in claim 7, wherein a second water grate (15) is arranged in each of the water outlet (19) and the water falling funnel (14).
10. The garage roof water seepage prevention construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fourth step, when the garage roof (1) is backfilled with earth, the first water grate and the gravel water filtering layer (11) installed on each water passing hole (10) on the blind ditch (2) are ensured to be formed in an operating mode.
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CN202010463565.9A CN111576591A (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2020-05-27 | Construction method for preventing water seepage of garage top plate |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114876075A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-09 | 北京崇建工程有限公司 | Water seepage prevention construction method for garage top plate |
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CN203878713U (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-10-15 | 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 | Basement roof drainage system |
JP2015014085A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-22 | フクビ化学工業株式会社 | Floor material |
CN105133644A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | Basement terrace structure of prevention of seepage water |
CN110886303A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-17 | 北京众泰云达科技发展有限公司 | Prevent arranging integration underground drainage system |
CN210395587U (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-04-24 | 中国建筑土木建设有限公司 | Drainage structure at root of basement outer wall |
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2020
- 2020-05-27 CN CN202010463565.9A patent/CN111576591A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2015014085A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-22 | フクビ化学工業株式会社 | Floor material |
CN203878713U (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-10-15 | 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 | Basement roof drainage system |
CN105133644A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | Basement terrace structure of prevention of seepage water |
CN110886303A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-17 | 北京众泰云达科技发展有限公司 | Prevent arranging integration underground drainage system |
CN210395587U (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-04-24 | 中国建筑土木建设有限公司 | Drainage structure at root of basement outer wall |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114876075A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-09 | 北京崇建工程有限公司 | Water seepage prevention construction method for garage top plate |
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Application publication date: 20200825 |