CN111575474B - Thermal torsional vibration composite aging method and device for escalator driving main shaft - Google Patents
Thermal torsional vibration composite aging method and device for escalator driving main shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111575474B CN111575474B CN202010287467.4A CN202010287467A CN111575474B CN 111575474 B CN111575474 B CN 111575474B CN 202010287467 A CN202010287467 A CN 202010287467A CN 111575474 B CN111575474 B CN 111575474B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a thermal torsional vibration compound aging method and device for a driving main shaft of an escalator. The method combines the traditional thermal aging and vibration aging processes, and the weld joint and the weld toe area where the residual stress of the escalator drive spindle welding joint is located are locally heated, so that the yield strength of the weld joint and the weld toe area is reduced, and the high-stress area is easier to yield; under the high temperature state, the thermal activation energy of the dislocation motion of the material is reduced, and the slippage is easier to occur. Meanwhile, the torsional vibration is used for replacing the traditional bending vibration, so that the dynamic stress can be more uniformly and effectively applied to the annular welding joint. Under the combined action of the factors, the residual stress eliminating effect of the vibration aging can be improved, so that the internal stress in the material is relaxed and homogenized, and the fatigue performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of post-treatment of welding process, and relates to a method for eliminating residual stress by utilizing a composite effect of heat and torsional vibration, which is used for reducing and homogenizing the residual stress of a welding joint. The invention particularly relates to a thermal torsional vibration compound aging method and device for an escalator driving main shaft.
Background
The escalator is an indispensable vehicle in public places such as stations, markets and subways, not only greatly relieves the busy traffic pressure, but also can bring great convenience to the society. However, with the increasing number of escalators, dangerous accidents of escalators in various places are on the rise in recent years. Statistically, 30% of escalator safety accidents are caused by wear, deformation, failure or even breakage of parts or components in the escalator drive system.
The escalator driving main shaft is a core component of an escalator driving system, and mainly transmits power from a traction machine to step chain wheels at two ends, and the step chain wheels drive steps to move along a guide rail so as to transport passengers. The escalator driving main shaft is assembled by a main shaft and two chain wheels through a welding process. When the escalator works, due to the fact that stress concentration exists at the welding position and the residual stress exists, when the escalator is started and stopped under different working conditions, the welding joint of the main shaft and the chain wheel bears the circulating torque load, fatigue failure is caused after long-time operation, the chain wheel and the main shaft on one side fall off and power is lost, and the escalator is caused to move in the reverse direction or even collapse in steps. Thermal aging and bending vibration aging are commonly adopted in the industry for reducing and homogenizing residual stress after welding.
Thermal aging refers to the process of heating, heat preservation and cooling the workpiece, so that the residual stress of the material is released, reduced and homogenized under the action of a temperature field. However, the process has the problems of long period, high cost, large pollution and easy generation of secondary stress due to improper temperature control.
Vibratory ageing generally refers to the generation of dynamic stress by vibrating a workpiece, and when the dynamic stress is superposed with residual stress to exceed the yield limit of the material, the material is subjected to slight plastic deformation, so that the internal stress inside the material is relaxed and homogenized. However, the common vibration aging mode is bending vibration aging, namely, simple harmonic motion in a linear direction is applied to a workpiece, and the method is suitable for some plate type welding pieces. The welded joint of the escalator driving main shaft is an annular welded joint, and if the vibration mode is used, the shock stress cannot be effectively and uniformly applied to one circle of the welded joint, so that the vibration treatment effect is poor. Meanwhile, the welding height of the drive spindle annular welding joint is large, and the effect of removing the residual stress after welding is not good due to the simple vibration aging.
The existing torsional vibration exciter comprises a mechanical crank connecting rod vibration exciter, an electromagnetic vibration exciter, a pneumatic vibration exciter and a hydraulic vibration exciter, but the vibration exciters are complex in structure, low in reliability, high in price, high in maintenance cost, difficult to implement and difficult to popularize and use.
Patent CN109127344A discloses a torsional vibration excitation device, which utilizes a linear vibration exciter to generate linear vibration, utilizes an epicyclic gear train to convert the linear vibration into torsional vibration, and finally outputs torsional vibration through a coupling device to realize the effect of simulating torsional vibration. Meanwhile, the vibration exciter needs to rotate along with the planet wheel, and a collecting ring needs to be used during wiring of the vibration exciter, so that the equipment is high in cost, complex in structure and difficult to maintain.
Patent CN206583600U discloses a cam impact type alternating torque loading device, which utilizes the eccentric force generated by two cams to load the torque generated on the cantilever, so that the rotating shaft is torsionally excited. However, this device uses two motors controlled separately to drive the cam to rotate, and there is no servo and feedback device to control the motion of the two motors, if the phase difference between the two cams is not 180 °, the generated torsional exciting force is reduced, and even the torsional vibration cannot be generated.
Patent CN104032125A discloses a vibration aging method for alternating torque-excited transverse-torsional coupling resonance, in which alternating torque output by a torsional vibration motor is used as external excitation torque to drive a high-rigidity rotating shaft to rotate, the alternating torque will excite transverse vibration of the same frequency, and simultaneously excite the transverse vibration in another direction whose value is the sum or difference of the rotating frequency of the motor and the alternating torque frequency, when the alternating torque frequency is equal to a certain order of torsional natural frequency of the high-rigidity rotating shaft, the torsional resonance will be excited, at this time, the transverse vibration and the torsional vibration are strengthened, the transverse-torsional coupling resonance occurs on the high-rigidity rotating shaft, and the corresponding dynamic stress is generated to eliminate the residual stress of the high-rigidity rotating shaft. However, the torsional vibration motor adopted by the method is high in price, the generated torsional exciting force is limited, the size is difficult to control, the welding height of the welding joint of the escalator driving main shaft is high, and the effect of removing the residual stress by the dynamic stress generated by the method is limited. Meanwhile, the transverse vibration generated by the device can influence the verticality of the chain wheel and the main shaft and the end face run-out error of the chain wheel and the main shaft.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a thermal torsional vibration compound aging method and device for a driving main shaft of an escalator. The method combines the traditional thermal aging and vibration aging processes, and the yield strength of the welding seam area is reduced and the high stress area is easier to yield by locally heating the welding seam area near which the peak residual stress is positioned; under the high temperature state, the thermal activation energy of the dislocation motion of the material is reduced, and the slippage is easier to occur. Meanwhile, the torsional vibration is used for replacing the traditional bending vibration, so that the dynamic stress can be more uniformly and effectively applied to the annular welding joint. Under the combined action of the factors, the residual stress eliminating effect of the vibration aging can be improved, so that the internal stress in the material is relaxed and homogenized, and the fatigue performance is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the method of the invention simultaneously introduces heat and torsional vibration at the annular welding joint of the escalator driving spindle, so that the dynamic stress can be more uniformly and effectively applied to the annular welding joint, thereby relaxing and homogenizing the internal stress in the material and improving the fatigue performance.
A thermal torsional vibration compound aging device for an escalator driving main shaft comprises a torsional vibration component, a heating component and a supporting component;
the torsional vibration assembly comprises a vibrator body, a motor belt wheel, a motor, a vibrator belt wheel, a belt wheel shaft, a first bearing, an eccentric block, a first positioning pin and a strain gauge; the motor is arranged on the frame, a motor belt wheel and a vibrator belt wheel are driven by a belt, the two eccentric blocks are arranged on a belt wheel shaft through bolts, the two eccentric blocks are arranged with a phase difference of 180 degrees, a first positioning pin is fixed on the vibrator body through welding, and the first positioning pin is used for connecting a chain wheel fixedly arranged at one end of the driving main shaft; the strain gauge is arranged at the welding joint of the driving main shaft and is connected with the dynamic strain gauge;
the heating assembly comprises a heating ceramic plate and a clamp; the fixture is used for fixing the heating ceramic plate, and the heating ceramic plate is connected with an external temperature control system;
the supporting assembly comprises a fixed rack, a second bearing, a third bearing, a movable rack, a second positioning pin, a sliding groove, a conical positioning column and a buffering limit switch; the vibrator body is assembled on the fixed rack through a second bearing and a third bearing, the movable rack is arranged in the chute and can realize transverse movement and fixation, and a second positioning pin is fixed on the movable rack through welding and used for connecting and fixing a chain wheel on the other end of the driving main shaft; the buffering limit switch is installed on the fixed rack and used for limiting the rotation angle of the oscillator body.
Further, the eccentric block is a disc, and the pulley shaft does not exceed the center of the disc.
Further, the clamp is formed by splicing two semicircles and is connected through a bolt.
Furthermore, the oscillator body is annular and convex, and limit switches are arranged on two sides of the annular and convex structure.
Further, the motor belt wheel and the vibrator belt wheel are driven through a belt, and the transmission ratio is 1: 1.
Further, the sprockets are welded to both ends of the drive shaft.
Furthermore, when the torsion amplitude of the vibrator body exceeds +/-5 degrees, the buffering limit switch can cut off a power supply and is used for no-load protection.
A thermal torsional vibration compound aging method for an escalator driving main shaft comprises the following steps:
s1, installing an escalator driving main shaft through a hole in a chain wheel at one end of the escalator driving main shaft and a first positioning pin of a vibrator body;
s2, adjusting the movable rack to enable a second positioning pin on the movable rack to be matched with a hole in a chain wheel at the other end of the driving main shaft, ensuring that the conical positioning column can be in close contact with the driving main shaft, locking the movable rack, and installing the strain gauge at a welding joint at one end, close to the torsional vibration device, of the driving main shaft;
s3, initially selecting eccentric blocks, installing the eccentric blocks at two ends of a belt wheel shaft, starting a frequency sweeping function, wherein the frequency sweeping interval is 40-60Hz, and obtaining the torsional inherent frequency f of the driving spindle0And recording the stress value sigma of the strain gauge at the time of lower resonance0；
S4, according to the obtained resonance frequency f0And strain gage stress value sigma0Calculating the required eccentricity
Mass moment of mass is selected to be less than or equal to mr0And is mounted on the pulley shaft by using a bolt, and the maximum alternating torque amplitude provided by the device is 3.2 x pi2f0 2rm0；
S5, taking down the strain gauge, and fixing the heating ceramic plate on a pair of welding joints of the escalator driving main shaft close to the torsional vibration assembly by using a clamp so as to prevent the heating ceramic plate from sliding;
s6, setting the temperature of the heating device, starting the heating device to heat the welding joint, and continuing to perform heat preservation treatment for a period of time after the heating device reaches the set temperature;
s7, maintainingThe heating device is started, and the rotating speed of the motor is set to be 60f0Starting a motor to enable the device to carry out heat torsional vibration composite aging treatment on the welding joint at one end of the driving main shaft, wherein the treatment time is 5-10 minutes;
and S8, after the treatment is finished, the driving main shaft is installed in one direction, the other pair of welding joints is close to the torsional vibration assembly, the steps S5-S7 are repeated, the parameter setting is unchanged, and the thermal torsional vibration composite aging treatment is carried out on the other pair of welding joints.
Further, in the step S6, the heating temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the time of heat preservation after the set temperature is reached is 5-8 min.
In the above scheme, in step S4, the mass moment of the eccentric mass is 0.02-0.1kgm, the total length of the pulley shaft is 1000mm, and threaded holes are formed at positions 100 and 900mm above the eccentric mass for assembling with the eccentric mass, so that the device can provide an excitation torque of 1010 Nm-5050 Nm when the motor speed is 2400rpm (40Hz), can provide an excitation torque of 2270 Nm-11370 Nm when the motor speed is 3600rpm (60Hz), and cannot be started when the device is unloaded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention introduces heat and torsional vibration at the annular welding joint of the escalator driving main shaft. Under the high temperature state, the thermal activation energy of the dislocation motion of the material is reduced, and the slippage is easier to occur. Meanwhile, the torsional vibration is used for replacing the traditional bending vibration, so that the dynamic stress can be more uniformly and effectively applied to the annular welding joint. Under the combined action of the factors, the residual stress eliminating effect of the vibration aging can be improved, so that the internal stress in the material can be relaxed and homogenized, more than 50% of the residual stress in the welding joint area can be eliminated, and the fatigue performance is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural plan view of a thermal torsional vibration composite aging device for a drive main shaft of an escalator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the escalator drive spindle thermal torsional vibration composite aging device;
FIG. 3 is a left side view schematic diagram of the structure of the escalator drive spindle thermal torsional vibration composite aging device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heating ceramic plate and a fixture of the escalator drive spindle thermal torsional vibration composite aging device;
FIG. 5 is a transmission diagram of the escalator drive spindle thermal torsional vibration composite aging device;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the rotational vibration amplitude 0.6s before the joint is welded when the drive spindle described in the example is subjected to a thermal torsional vibration combined aging treatment;
the reference numbers are as follows:
1-a vibrator body; 2-motor belt wheel; 3, a motor; 4-fixing the frame; 5-a second bearing; 6-vibrator belt wheel; 7-pulley shaft; 8-a first bearing; 9-eccentric block; 10-a third bearing; 11-a first locator pin; 12-a drive spindle; 13-a second locating pin; 14-a tapered locating post; 15-a movable frame; 16-a chute; 17-a ceramic plate; 18-a clamp; 19-a welded joint; 20-strain gauge; 21-a buffer limit switch; 22-a sprocket; 23-a belt.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The following first describes in detail embodiments according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
The method combines the traditional thermal aging and vibratory aging processes, and locally heats the part near the welding seam area where the peak residual stress is located, so that the yield strength of the part is reduced, and the high-stress area is easier to yield; under the high temperature state, the thermal activation energy of the dislocation motion of the material is reduced, and the slippage is easier to occur. Meanwhile, the torsional vibration is used for replacing the traditional bending vibration, so that the dynamic stress can be more uniformly and effectively applied to the annular welding joint. Under the combined action of the factors, the residual stress eliminating effect of the vibration aging can be improved, so that the internal stress in the material is relaxed and homogenized, and the fatigue performance is improved.
The utility model provides a compound ageing device of staircase drive main shaft heat torsional vibration, includes torsional vibration subassembly, heating element and supporting component.
The torsional vibration component comprises a vibrator body 1, a motor belt wheel 2, a motor 3, a vibrator belt wheel 6, a belt wheel shaft 7, a first bearing 8, eccentric blocks 9, positioning pins 11 and strain gauges 20, wherein the motor 3 is installed on a rack;
the heating assembly comprises a heating ceramic piece 17 and a clamp 18, the clamp 18 is used for fixing the heating ceramic piece 17, the ceramic piece 17 is connected with an external temperature control system, the clamp 18 is formed by splicing two semicircles, and the two semicircles are connected through bolts so as to be convenient to disassemble;
the supporting assembly comprises a fixed rack 4, a second bearing 5, a third bearing 10, a movable rack 15, a positioning pin 13, a sliding groove 16, a conical positioning column 14, a buffering limit switch 21, wherein the fixed rack 4 and the vibrator body 1 are assembled through the second bearing 5 and the third bearing 10, the movable rack 15 is installed in the sliding groove 16 and can realize transverse movement and fixation, the positioning pin 13 is fixed on the movable rack 15 through welding, the buffering limit switch 21 is installed on the fixed rack 4 and is used for limiting the amplitude of the vibrator body, when the torsional amplitude of the vibrator exceeds +/-5 degrees, the device can cut off a power supply and be used as no-load protection, and the buffering limit switch is of a type with larger damping;
the torsional vibration assembly, the heating assembly and the supporting assembly are mutually connected through a control system and have a frequency sweeping function;
in the above scheme, the centrifugal force that produces when eccentric block 9 rotates is used for forming the moment of torsion on band pulley axle 7, the moment of torsion is transmitted to drive main shaft 12 through oscillator body 1, produce torsion alternating excitation force to drive main shaft 12, simultaneously under the thermal action of heating potsherd 17, the yield strength of material reduces, produce plastic deformation more easily, the thermal activation energy of material dislocation motion reduces simultaneously, it slides more easily, make the dynamic stress can be exerted on drive main shaft 12 annular welded joint more evenly effectively, thereby make the internal stress of material inside relax and the homogenization, improve fatigue performance, because the welded joint department torsional amplitude that is close to torsional vibration subassembly one end is greater than other end welded joint, consequently this device need divide twice and handle the welded joint at both ends respectively.
The invention provides a heat torsional vibration composite aging method for an escalator driving main shaft, which comprises the following specific implementation processes:
s1, installing an escalator driving main shaft 12 through a hole in a chain wheel of the escalator driving main shaft and a positioning pin 11 on a fixed rack 4;
s2, adjusting the movable rack 15 to enable a positioning pin 13 on the movable rack to be matched with a hole in a chain wheel of the driving main shaft 12 and ensure that a conical positioning column can be in close contact with the escalator driving main shaft 12, then locking the movable rack 15, and installing a strain gauge 20 near a welding joint at one end, close to the torsional vibration device, of the driving main shaft 12;
s3, initially selecting an eccentric block 9 with mass moment of 0.02kgm, mounting the eccentric block on a pulley shaft, starting a frequency sweeping function, wherein the frequency sweeping interval is 40-60Hz, and obtaining the torsional natural frequency f of the driving main shaft 120And recording the stress value sigma of the strain gauge at the time of lower resonance0；
S4, according to the obtained resonance frequency f0And strain gage stress value sigma0Calculating the required eccentricity
Mass moment of mass is selected to be less than or equal to mr0And is mounted on the pulley shaft 7 by means of bolts, the maximum alternating torque amplitude provided by the device being 3.2 x pi2f0 2rm0；
S5, taking down the strain gauge, and fixing a heating ceramic plate 17 on a pair of welding joints of the escalator driving main shaft 12 close to the torsional vibration component by using a heating fixture 18 so as to prevent the heating ceramic plate from sliding;
s6, setting the temperature of a heating device to be 150-200 ℃, starting the heating device to heat the welding joint, and continuing to perform heat preservation treatment for 5-8 min after the heating device reaches the set temperature;
s7, keeping the heating device on, and setting the rotating speed of the motor 2 to be 60f0Starting a motor to enable the device to carry out heat torsional vibration composite aging treatment on the welding joint at one end of the driving main shaft 12 for 5-10 minutes;
and S8, after the treatment is finished, the driving main shaft 12 is installed in one direction, the other pair of welding joints is close to the torsional vibration assembly, the steps S5-S7 are repeated, the parameter setting is unchanged, and the thermal torsional vibration composite aging treatment is carried out on the other pair of welding joints.
In step S4, the mass moment of the eccentric mass 9 is 0.02-0.1kgm, the total length of the pulley shaft 7 is 1000mm, and threaded holes are formed at positions 100 and 900mm above the eccentric mass for assembling with the eccentric mass 9, so that the device can provide an excitation torque of 1010 Nm-5050 Nm when the rotation speed of the motor 2 is 2400rpm (40Hz), can provide an excitation torque of 2270 Nm-11370 Nm when the rotation speed of the motor 2 is 3600rpm (60Hz), and cannot be started when the device is unloaded.
The fixed frame 4 and the vibrator body 1 are assembled through the second bearing 5 and the third bearing 10, the movable frame 15 is arranged in the sliding groove 16 and can realize transverse movement and fixation, the second positioning pin 13 is fixed on the movable frame 15 through welding, the buffering limit switch 21 is arranged on the fixed frame 4 and is used for limiting the amplitude of the vibrator body, when the torsional amplitude of the vibrator exceeds +/-5 degrees, the device can cut off a power supply and is used for no-load protection, and the buffering limit switch 21 is selected to be of a model with larger damping;
the torsional vibration assembly, the heating assembly and the supporting assembly are mutually connected through a control system and have a frequency sweeping function;
in the above scheme, the centrifugal force that produces when eccentric block 9 rotates is used for forming the moment of torsion on band pulley axle 7, the moment of torsion is transmitted to drive main shaft 12 through oscillator body 1, produce torsion alternating excitation force to drive main shaft 12, simultaneously under the thermal action of heating potsherd 17, the yield strength of material reduces, produce plastic deformation more easily, the thermal activation energy of material dislocation motion reduces simultaneously, it slides more easily, make the dynamic stress can be exerted on drive main shaft 12 annular welded joint more evenly effectively, thereby make the internal stress of material inside relax and the homogenization, improve fatigue performance, because the welded joint department torsional amplitude that is close to torsional vibration subassembly one end is greater than other end welded joint, consequently this device need divide twice and handle the welded joint at both ends respectively.
The method combines the traditional thermal aging and vibration aging processes, and can reduce the yield strength of a welding seam area where the peak residual stress is positioned by locally heating the welding seam area, so that the high-stress area is easier to yield, and the thermal activation energy of the dislocation motion of the material is reduced and the material is easier to slide in a high-temperature state, and meanwhile, the torsional vibration is used for replacing the traditional bending vibration, so that the dynamic stress can be more uniformly and effectively applied to the annular welding joint, and under the combined action of the factors, the residual stress eliminating effect of the vibration aging can be improved, so that the internal stress in the material is relaxed and homogenized, and the fatigue performance is improved, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, installing an escalator driving main shaft 12 through a hole in a chain wheel of the escalator driving main shaft and a first positioning pin 11 on a fixed rack 4;
s2, adjusting the movable rack 15 to enable a second positioning pin 13 on the movable rack to be matched with a hole in a chain wheel of the driving main shaft 12 and ensure that a conical positioning column can be in close contact with the escalator driving main shaft 12, then locking the movable rack 15, and installing a strain gauge 20 near a welding joint at one end, close to the torsional vibration device, of the driving main shaft 12;
s3, initially selecting an eccentric block 9 with mass moment of 0.02kgm, mounting the eccentric block on a pulley shaft, starting a frequency sweeping function, wherein the frequency sweeping interval is 40-60Hz, and obtaining the torsional natural frequency f of the driving main shaft 120And recording the stress value sigma of the strain gauge at the time of lower resonance0；
S4, according to the obtained resonance frequency f0And strain gage stress value sigma0Calculating the required eccentricity
Mass moment of mass is selected to be less than or equal to mr0And is mounted on the pulley shaft 7 by means of bolts, the maximum alternating torque amplitude provided by the device being 3.2 x pi2f0 2rm0；
S5, taking down the strain gauge, and fixing a heating ceramic plate 17 on a pair of welding joints of the escalator driving main shaft 12 close to the torsional vibration component by using a heating fixture 18 so as to prevent the heating ceramic plate from sliding;
s6, setting the temperature of the heating device, starting the heating device to heat the welding joint, and continuing to perform heat preservation treatment for a period of time after the heating device reaches the set temperature;
s7, keeping the heating device on, and setting the rotating speed of the motor 3 to be 60f0And starting the motor 3 to makeThe device carries out heat torsional vibration composite aging treatment on the welding joint at one end of the driving main shaft 12, and the treatment time is 5-10 minutes;
and S8, after the treatment is finished, the driving main shaft 12 is installed in one direction, the other pair of welding joints is close to the torsional vibration assembly, the steps S5-S7 are repeated, the parameter setting is unchanged, and the thermal torsional vibration composite aging treatment is carried out on the other pair of welding joints.
In the step S6, the heating temperature is preferably 150-200 ℃, and the time for heat preservation after reaching the set temperature is preferably 5-8 min.
Example (b):
to the diameter of
The escalator driving main shaft with the length of 1000mm and the welding height of a6 is subjected to heat-torsional vibration composite aging treatment. The escalator drive shaft 12 is mounted by means of a cantilever crane through a hole in its sprocket and a locating pin 11 on the stationary frame 4. Adjusting the movable frame 15 to enable the positioning pin 13 on the movable frame to be matched with a hole on a chain wheel of the driving main shaft 12 and ensure that the conical positioning column can be in close contact with the escalator driving main shaft 12, then locking the movable frame 15, and installing a strain 20 sheet near a welding joint at one end of the driving main shaft 12 close to the torsional vibration device; an eccentric block 9 with mass moment of 0.02kgm is selected preliminarily, is arranged on a belt wheel shaft, starts the frequency sweeping function, and obtains the torsional natural frequency f of the driving main shaft 12052.5Hz, and the stress value sigma of the strain gage at resonance is recorded078 MPa; calculating the required eccentricity
Selecting an eccentric block with the mass moment of 0.03kgm, and installing the eccentric block on a pulley shaft by using a bolt, wherein the maximum alternating torque amplitude value provided by the device is 2610 Nm; taking down the strain gauge, fixing a heating ceramic plate 17 on a pair of welding joints of the escalator driving main shaft 12 close to the torsional vibration component by using a heating fixture 18, so that the heating ceramic plate cannot slide; setting the temperature of the heating device at 150 deg.C, starting to heat the welding joint, and keeping the temperature for 5min after the heating is completed and the set temperature is reached(ii) a Keeping the heating device on, setting the rotating speed of the motor 2 to be n-52.5 multiplied by 60-3150 r/m, and starting the motor to enable the device to carry out thermal torsional vibration composite aging treatment on the welding joint at one end of the driving main shaft 12 for 8 minutes; and after the treatment is finished, the driving main shaft 12 is installed in one direction, the other pair of welding joints is close to the torsional vibration assembly, the steps are repeated, the parameter setting is unchanged, and the thermal torsional vibration composite aging treatment is carried out on the other pair of welding joints. The rotational vibration amplitude curve 0.6s before the weld joint was as shown in fig. 3, with a peak rotational amplitude angle of about 1.2 ° and a peak rotational displacement of about 1.63 mm.
It should be understood that although the present description has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein may be combined as suitable to form other embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal torsional vibration composite aging device for an escalator driving main shaft is characterized by comprising a torsional vibration component, a heating component and a supporting component;
the torsional vibration component comprises a vibrator body (1), a motor belt wheel (2), a motor (3), a vibrator belt wheel (6), a belt wheel shaft (7), a first bearing (8), an eccentric block (9), a first positioning pin (11) and a strain gauge (20); the motor (3) is installed on a rack, the motor belt wheel (2) and the vibrator belt wheel (6) are driven by a belt, the two eccentric blocks (9) are installed on a belt wheel shaft (7) through bolts, the phase difference is 180 degrees, the first positioning pin (11) is fixed on the vibrator body (1) through welding, and the first positioning pin (11) is used for being connected with a chain wheel (22) fixedly installed at one end of the driving main shaft (12); the strain gauge (20) is arranged at the welding joint of the driving spindle (12) and is connected with the dynamic strain gauge;
the heating assembly comprises a heating ceramic plate (17) and a clamp (18); the fixture (18) is used for fixing the heating ceramic plate (17), and the heating ceramic plate (17) is connected with an external temperature control system;
the supporting assembly comprises a fixed rack (4), a second bearing (5), a third bearing (10), a movable rack (15), a second positioning pin (13), a sliding groove (16), a conical positioning column (14) and a buffering limit switch (21); the vibrator body (1) is assembled on the fixed rack (4) through the second bearing (5) and the third bearing (10), the movable rack (15) is installed in the sliding groove (16) and can realize transverse movement and fixation, the second positioning pin (13) is fixed on the movable rack (15) through welding, and the second positioning pin (13) is used for being connected with and fixed on a chain wheel (22) at the other end of the driving main shaft (12); the buffer limit switch (21) is installed on the fixed rack (4) and used for limiting the rotation angle of the vibrator body (1).
2. The escalator drive spindle thermal torsional vibration composite aging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric mass (9) is a disk, and the pulley shaft (7) does not exceed the disk center.
3. The escalator drive spindle heat-torsional vibration composite aging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamp (18) is formed by splicing two semicircles and connected by bolts.
4. The escalator drive spindle thermal torsional vibration composite aging device according to claim 1, wherein the vibrator body (1) is a circular protrusion, and the buffering limit switches (21) are arranged on both sides of the circular protrusion.
5. The escalator drive spindle heat torsional vibration composite aging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor belt wheel (2) and the vibrator belt wheel (6) are driven by a belt, and the transmission ratio is 1: 1.
6. The escalator drive spindle heat-torsional vibration composite aging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chain wheels (22) are welded at both ends of the drive spindle (12).
7. The escalator drive spindle thermal torsional vibration composite aging device according to claim 1, characterized in that when the torsional amplitude of the vibrator body (1) exceeds ± 5 °, the buffer limit switch (21) cuts off the power supply to be used as no-load protection.
8. The method for realizing the escalator drive spindle heat-torsional vibration composite aging device according to any one of claims 1-7, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mounting an escalator driving main shaft (12) through a hole in a chain wheel (22) at one end of the escalator driving main shaft and a first positioning pin (11) of a vibrator body (1);
s2, adjusting the movable rack (15), enabling a second positioning pin (13) on the movable rack to be matched with a hole in a chain wheel (22) at the other end of the driving main shaft (12), ensuring that a conical positioning column (14) can be in close contact with the driving main shaft (12), then locking the movable rack (15), and installing a strain gauge (20) at a welding joint at one end, close to the torsional vibration device, of the driving main shaft (12);
s3, primarily selecting eccentric blocks (9) which are arranged at two ends of a belt wheel shaft (7), and connecting the torsional vibration assembly, the heating assembly and the supporting assembly through a control system to realize a frequency sweeping function; starting the frequency sweep function, wherein the frequency sweep interval is 40-60Hz, and obtaining the torsion of the driving main shaft (12)Natural frequency f0And recording the stress value sigma of the strain gauge at the time of lower resonance0；
S4, according to the obtained resonance frequency f0And strain gage stress value sigma0Calculating the required eccentricity
Mass moment of mass is selected to be less than or equal to mr0And is mounted on the pulley shaft (7) by means of bolts, the maximum alternating torque amplitude provided by the device being 3.2 x pi2f0 2rm0；
S5, taking down the strain gauge (20), and fixing the heating ceramic plate (17) on a pair of welding joints of the escalator driving main shaft (12) close to the torsional vibration component by using a clamp (18) so as not to slide;
s6, setting the temperature of the heating device, starting the heating device to heat the welding joint, and continuing to perform heat preservation treatment for a period of time after the heating device reaches the set temperature;
s7, keeping the heating device on, and setting the rotating speed of the motor (3) to be 60f0Starting the motor (3) to perform heat torsional vibration composite aging treatment on the welding joint at one end of the driving main shaft (12) for 5-10 minutes;
and S8, after the treatment is finished, the driving main shaft (12) is installed in one direction, the other pair of welding joints is close to the torsional vibration assembly, the steps S5-S7 are repeated, the parameter setting is unchanged, and the thermal torsional vibration composite aging treatment is carried out on the other pair of welding joints.
9. The method for realizing the escalator drive spindle heat torsional vibration composite aging device according to claim 8, wherein in the step S6, the heating temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time after the set temperature is reached is 5-8 min.
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| CN113510424B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2024-05-17 | 宁波宏大电梯有限公司 | Assembling workbench for assembling chain wheel and main shaft and assembling method thereof |
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