CN111575036A - Method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil - Google Patents

Method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil Download PDF

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CN111575036A
CN111575036A CN202010439335.9A CN202010439335A CN111575036A CN 111575036 A CN111575036 A CN 111575036A CN 202010439335 A CN202010439335 A CN 202010439335A CN 111575036 A CN111575036 A CN 111575036A
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size exclusion
carbonization
needle coke
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heavy oil
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CN111575036B (en
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刘�东
于冉
项在金
杨朝合
付玉娥
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China University of Petroleum East China
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G55/00Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process
    • C10G55/02Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only
    • C10G55/04Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum deep processing and the field of preparation of high-grade novel carbon materials, and relates to a method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil. The method comprises the steps of separating heavy oil by size exclusion chromatography to obtain components with the relative molecular mass of 400-1000, and firstly carrying out a first-stage carbonization reaction: the temperature is 360-; after the first-stage carbonization reaction is finished, carrying out a second-stage carbonization reaction: the temperature is 420->2.13g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion<1.15×10‑6High quality needle coke product at/° c. The separation method adopted by the invention is accurate, time-saving and labor-saving, has obvious effect, simple process operation, environmental protection, low requirement on equipment and easy realization of industrialization.

Description

Method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum deep processing and the field of preparation of high-grade novel carbon materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil.
Background
Needle coke is a new type of carbon material, which is a carbonized product of petroleum pitch or coal pitch. The needle coke is silver gray and porous solid with metallic luster, and is a high-quality carbon material. The needle coke is a molecular crystal of macromolecular condensed aromatic hydrocarbon, the aromatic hydrocarbon is stacked in layers, and the orientation degree of graphite-shaped microcrystal units is high. The needle coke has excellent performances of low thermal expansion coefficient, high density, corrosion resistance, good electric and thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of metallurgy, energy, aerospace, environmental protection and the like. At present, needle coke is mainly used as a framework material of an electrode for high-power and ultrahigh-power electric furnace steelmaking, a lithium ion battery, a super electrochemical capacitor and the like. In recent years, as electric arc furnace steelmaking is gradually developed to high power and ultrahigh power, the demand for graphite electrodes is increasing. The original needle coke production technology cannot meet the higher requirements of the prior art on the performance. The high-power or ultrahigh-power graphite electrode prepared by adopting high-quality needle coke is used for steel making, can accelerate the melting of scrap steel, shortens the smelting period by 30-50 percent, saves electricity by more than 10-20 percent, and has obvious economic benefit. At present, the carbon industry in China basically masters the production technology for preparing the ultrahigh-power electrode, but the needle coke raw material mainly depends on import. The adoption of the ultra-high power electric furnace is the main trend of improving economic benefits of steel plants, the demand of domestic ultra-high power electrodes is getting bigger and bigger, and the demand of needle coke is also getting bigger. The production technology of needle coke in China is still imperfect, and the production of high-quality needle coke as soon as possible plays a positive promoting role in the technical progress of the metallurgical industry.
The production of needle coke mainly comprises three parts of raw material pretreatment, carbonization into coke and calcination. Wherein the pretreatment of raw materials and carbonization into coke are key steps influencing the performance of the needle coke electrode material. The prior raw material pretreatment methods comprise hydrogenation, two-stage thermal polymerization, solvent treatment and the like. Raw materials such as catalytic cracking slurry oil are pyrolyzed and polycondensed in the carbonization process to form mesophase globules, and the mesophase globules are grown, fused and collided to form a wide-area mesophase. The content and the property of the mesophase and the matching degree of the mesophase and the 'air flow coke pulling' action in the subsequent curing process are the key factors for determining the quality of the needle coke electrode material. The calcination is to calcine the delayed coke at about 1400 ℃ so as to achieve the purposes of removing volatile components and improving the density, the mechanical strength and the electrical conductivity.
The main defects in the prior art are as follows: in the first step of raw material pretreatment, catalytic cracking slurry oil is mainly adopted as a raw material at present, and catalyst solid powder and other non-ideal components contained in the catalytic cracking slurry oil are not beneficial to the formation of a high-quality intermediate phase; in the second step of carbonization and coke formation, the control of the liquid phase carbonization process and the air flow coke pulling process is insufficient at present, so that a high-quality crystal structure cannot be fully developed, and the content of an optical anisotropic fiber structure is not high.
In order to prepare the needle coke product with excellent performance, raw oil with excellent quality is required, and the key point is to select a proper and powerful separation technology to modify the raw oil according to the characteristics of the molecular weight distribution and the molecular composition of the raw material so as to optimize the composition and the structure of the raw material.
CN110511785A relates to a method for preparing needle coke raw oil by using oil slurry, wherein the oil slurry is added with low molecular weight normal alkane at a certain temperature for deasphalting, and an upper layer is taken after standing; extracting with solvent, standing, and collecting the lower layer; removing the solid; cutting fraction of the aromatic-rich hydrocarbon oil after the solid removal; and (3) carrying out hydrogenation and nitrogen removal on the cut aromatic-rich oil to obtain a stable needle coke raw material, so that the low-quality slurry oil can be used as needle coke raw oil after pretreatment, and the pretreatment device can stably operate for a long period.
CN1268544 discloses a preparation method of coal-based needle coke, which adopts coal soft asphalt prepared from phenanthrene residual oil as a raw material, obtains a concentrate with a centralized molecular weight distribution range after two-stage vacuum flash evaporation purification and modulation, then carries out two-step carbonization on the concentrate, and a product after carbonization is subjected to aftertreatment to prepare a coal-based needle coke product; the product quality is improved, but the procedure is complex and the operation difficulty is high.
CN106566570A and CN106635142A disclose a method for preparing needle coke from heavy oil, wherein dimethyl sulfoxide is adopted for extraction in raw material pretreatment, and aromatic-rich components with molecular weight of 350-500 are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for preparing high-quality needle coke, which takes heavy oil as a raw material and obtains a component with narrow relative molecular mass distribution as a modified raw material through size exclusion chromatography separation so as to solve the problem that the heavy oil contains catalyst solid powder and other non-ideal components. The method has low requirement on the properties of the raw materials and simple process.
The invention relates to a method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil, which comprises the following steps: (1) taking heavy oil as a reaction raw material: (2) separating out components with narrow relative molecular mass distribution from heavy oil by size exclusion chromatography to serve as modified raw materials; (3) the first stage of carbonization reaction, heat-treating the modified raw material for 1-5h at the reaction pressure of 6-10MPa and the reaction temperature of 360-420 ℃; (4) after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, immediately heating the reaction kettle to 420-480 ℃, and carrying out a second stage carbonization reaction under the reaction pressure of 0-5MPa for 5-12h to obtain a needle coke product.
The filler of the size exclusion chromatography used in the step (2) is organogel, and the organogel is selected from one of polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate gel, cross-linked dextran and cross-linked polyacrylamide, and is preferably polystyrene; the mobile phase of the size exclusion chromatography is tetrahydrofuran or cyclohexane, preferably tetrahydrofuran; the pore diameter of the filler is within
Figure BDA0002503534710000031
The diameter of the gel column bed of the size exclusion chromatography is 50-100mm, and the height of the gel column bed is 800-1000 mm.
Further, in the step (2), the size exclusion chromatography is performed, wherein polystyrene is used as a stationary phase, tetrahydrofuran is used as a mobile phase, tetrahydrofuran is used as a solvent to prepare a solution of 5% (mass fraction) of the heavy oil, and the solution is added into a chromatographic column filled with polystyrene packing, so as to obtain the component with the relative molecular mass of 400-1000.
The true density of the needle coke product in the step (4)>2.13g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion<1.15×10-6/℃。
In the present invention, the first stage of the carbonization reactionThe carbonization reaction is carried out at low temperature (360-2Under the protection, the raw materials are subjected to a shallow pyrolysis and polycondensation reaction at a low temperature, and the overflow of the small molecular hydrocarbon is inhibited at a high pressure, so that the viscosity of a reaction system is low, and the fluidity of a primary carbonized product is ensured. The reaction conditions are low temperature and high pressure for a short time, the first-step carbonization reaction is mild and moderate, the high yield of the intermediate product of the first-step reaction is ensured, and simultaneously, the primary arrangement and orientation of the microcrystals are realized, so that a foundation is laid for the second-stage carbonization reaction; the second stage of carbonization reaction at high temperature (420-2Deep carbonization is carried out under protection, at the moment, microcrystals in the reaction raw materials are in an initial scale and have certain directionality and crystallinity, the reaction molecules are promoted to carry out deep thermal decomposition and thermal polycondensation reaction at higher temperature, the reaction molecules are orderly oriented, the crystallinity and the orientation are gradually improved along with the reaction, and the sufficient development and orientation of the crystals are ensured through long-time reaction. Meanwhile, the generated micromolecular light hydrocarbon gas is discharged in a low-pressure environment, micromolecules are discharged to form stable gas flow, and sufficient gas flow coke drawing is carried out through long-time reaction to obtain a high-quality needle coke product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention has wide source of raw materials and low price, and is an effective way for treating heavy oil.
(2) The method has the advantages that the components in a certain specific relative molecular mass range can be obtained by processing the raw materials by using the size exclusion chromatography, the raw materials are more accurately separated, the time and the labor are saved, the effect is obvious, the process operation is simple, and the requirement on equipment is not high.
(3) By utilizing a size exclusion chromatography separation-fractional carbonization combined process, the size exclusion chromatography separation obtains raw material components with narrow relative molecular mass, so that the raw material components are more suitable for preparing needle coke; the grading carbonization process is simple, the petroleum-based mesophase pitch raw material can be fully reacted by adopting two times of continuous carbonization, the ordered and full growth of crystals is ensured, and the prepared needle coke has the advantages of high true density, small thermal expansion coefficient and excellent performance. The first step of carbonization is low-temperature high-pressure short-time reaction, which can promote the full development of mesophase structure,the primary arrangement and orientation of the microcrystals are carried out to prepare for the deep carbonization of the second step; the carbonization of second step is the long-time reaction of high temperature low pressure, makes the raw materials carry out abundant pyrolysis polycondensation to impel crystal structure fully to develop and qualitatively arrange in order, fully carry out the air current and draw burnt reaction, be favorable to forming unipolar needle-like streamline optics anisotropic structure, finally generate needle coke electrode material product: true density of (>2.13g/cm3) Coefficient of thermal expansion of<1.15×10-6/° c). The production process is environment-friendly, simple to operate, low in equipment requirement and easy to realize industrialization.
Detailed Description
The method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil provided by the invention is further described by combining the examples.
Example 1: preparing 10g of catalytic cracking slurry oil into a 5% (mass fraction) solution by using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, adding the solution into a chromatographic column filled with polystyrene filler, wherein the diameter of a gel column bed is 50mm, the height of the column bed is 800mm, and the pore diameter is
Figure BDA0002503534710000041
Measuring the molecular weight by using a molecular weight detector of a laser small-angle diffractometer, and finally obtaining the components with the molecular weight of 400-1000. And (3) carrying out carbonization reaction on the modified raw material obtained by size exclusion chromatography in a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to continuously purge air in the displacement kettle for three times, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 3L/min, raising the temperature to 100 ℃, and starting stirring. The first stage of carbonization reaction is carried out for 2 hours under the pressure of 6MPa and the temperature of 360 ℃; (3) after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, the autoclave is heated to 420 ℃ and then carries out the second stage carbonization reaction under the reaction pressure of 1MPa, and after the reaction is carried out for 6 hours, the true density is 2.15g/cm3A coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.12 × 10-6Needle coke product at/° c.
Example 2: preparing 5% (mass fraction) solution from 10g ethylene tar with tetrahydrofuran as solvent, adding the solution into chromatographic column filled with polystyrene filler, wherein the gel column bed diameter is 50mm, the column bed height is 800mm, and the pore diameter is
Figure BDA0002503534710000042
Measuring the molecular weight by using a molecular weight detector of a laser small-angle diffractometer, and finally obtaining the components with the molecular weight of 400-1000. And (3) carrying out carbonization reaction on the modified raw material obtained by size exclusion chromatography in a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to continuously purge air in the displacement kettle for three times, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 3L/min, raising the temperature to 100 ℃, and starting stirring. The first stage of carbonization reaction is carried out for 3 hours under the pressure of 7MPa and the temperature of 380 ℃; (3) after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, the autoclave is heated to 440 ℃ and then carries out the second stage carbonization reaction under the reaction pressure of 2MPa, and after the reaction is carried out for 8 hours, the true density is 2.18g/cm3A coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.10 × 10-6Needle coke product at/° c.
Example 3: preparing 10g of petroleum atmospheric residue, using tetrahydrofuran as solvent to prepare 5% (mass fraction) solution, adding the solution into a chromatographic column filled with polystyrene filler, wherein the diameter of a gel column bed is 50mm, the height of the column bed is 800mm, and the pore diameter is
Figure BDA0002503534710000051
Measuring the molecular weight by using a molecular weight detector of a laser small-angle diffractometer, and finally obtaining the components with the molecular weight of 400-1000. And (3) carrying out carbonization reaction on the modified raw material obtained by size exclusion chromatography in a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to continuously purge air in the displacement kettle for three times, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 3L/min, raising the temperature to 100 ℃, and starting stirring. The first stage of carbonization reaction is carried out for 4 hours under the pressure of 8MPa and the temperature of 400 ℃; (3) after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, the autoclave is heated to 460 ℃ immediately, the second stage carbonization reaction is carried out under the reaction pressure of 3MPa, and the true density of 2.21g/cm is obtained after the reaction is carried out for 10 hours3A coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.09 × 10-6Needle coke product at/° c.
Example 4: preparing 10g of petroleum vacuum residue, preparing 5% (mass fraction) solution with tetrahydrofuran as solvent, adding the solution into a chromatographic column filled with polystyrene filler, wherein the diameter of a gel column bed is 50mm, the height of the column bed is 800mm, and the pore diameter is
Figure BDA0002503534710000052
Measuring the molecular weight by using a molecular weight detector of a laser small-angle diffractometer, and finally obtaining the components with the molecular weight of 400-1000. And (3) carrying out carbonization reaction on the modified raw material obtained by size exclusion chromatography in a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to continuously purge air in the displacement kettle for three times, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 3L/min, raising the temperature to 100 ℃, and starting stirring. The first stage of carbonization reaction is carried out for 5 hours under the pressure of 9MPa and the temperature of 420 ℃; (3) after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, the autoclave is heated to 480 ℃, the second stage carbonization reaction is carried out under the reaction pressure of 4MPa, and the true density of the autoclave is 2.19g/cm after the reaction is carried out for 12 hours3A coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.08 × 10-6Needle coke product at/° c.
Comparative example 1: 200g of catalytic cracking slurry oil is taken to be put into a high-pressure reaction kettle for carbonization reaction, nitrogen is introduced to continuously purge air in the replacement kettle for three times, the flow rate of the nitrogen is 3L/min, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃, and stirring is started. The first stage of carbonization reaction is carried out for 2 hours under the pressure of 6MPa and the temperature of 360 ℃; after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, the autoclave is heated to 420 ℃ and then carries out the second stage carbonization reaction under the reaction pressure of 1MPa, and after the reaction is carried out for 6 hours, the true density is 2.05g/cm3A coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.20 × 10-6Needle coke product at/° c.
Comparative example 2: 200g of ethylene tar is taken to be put into a high-pressure reaction kettle for carbonization reaction, nitrogen is introduced to continuously purge air in the replacement kettle for three times, the flow rate of the nitrogen is 3L/min, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃, and stirring is started. The first stage of carbonization reaction is carried out for 3 hours under the pressure of 7MPa and the temperature of 380 ℃; after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, the autoclave is heated to 440 ℃ and then carries out the second stage carbonization reaction under the reaction pressure of 2MPa, and after the reaction is carried out for 8 hours, the true density is 2.10g/cm3A coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.18 × 10-6Needle coke product at/° c.
Comparative example 3: 200g of petroleum atmospheric residue oil is taken to be put into a high-pressure reaction kettle for carbonization reaction, nitrogen is introduced to continuously purge air in the replacement kettle for three times, the flow rate of the nitrogen is 3L/min, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃, and stirring is started. First stage carbonization reactionReacting for 4 hours at the pressure of 8MPa and the temperature of 400 ℃; after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, the autoclave is heated to 460 ℃ immediately, the second stage carbonization reaction is carried out under the reaction pressure of 3MPa, and the true density of 2.15g/cm is obtained after the reaction is carried out for 10 hours3A coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.16 × 10-6Needle coke product at/° c.
Comparative example 4: 200g of petroleum vacuum residue is taken to be put into a high-pressure reaction kettle for carbonization reaction, nitrogen is introduced to continuously purge air in the replacement kettle for three times, the flow rate of the nitrogen is 3L/min, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃, and stirring is started. The first stage of carbonization reaction is carried out for 5 hours under the pressure of 9MPa and the temperature of 420 ℃; after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, immediately heating the autoclave to 480 ℃, carrying out second stage carbonization reaction under the reaction pressure of 4MPa, and reacting for 12 hours to obtain the product with the true density of 2.14g/cm3A coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.15 × 10-6Needle coke product at/° c.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) heavy oil is used as a reaction raw material; (2) separating the components with the relative molecular mass distribution of 400-1000 from the heavy oil by size exclusion chromatography to serve as modified raw materials; (3) the first stage of carbonization reaction, heat-treating the modified raw material for 1-5h at the reaction pressure of 6-10MPa and the reaction temperature of 360-420 ℃; (4) after the first stage carbonization reaction is finished, immediately heating the reaction kettle to 420-480 ℃, and carrying out a second stage carbonization reaction under the reaction pressure of 0-5MPa for 5-12h to obtain the needle coke.
2. The method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heavy oil comprises one or more of petroleum atmospheric residue, petroleum vacuum residue, petroleum atmospheric residue heavy distillate oil, petroleum vacuum residue heavy distillate oil, medium-low temperature coal tar heavy distillate, high-temperature coal tar distillate, FCC slurry oil, hydrocracking tail oil and ethylene tar.
3. The method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filler used for the size exclusion chromatography is organic gel, the organic gel is selected from one of polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate gel, cross-linked dextran and cross-linked polyacrylamide, and the mobile phase of the size exclusion chromatography is tetrahydrofuran or cyclohexane.
4. The method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil according to claim 3, characterized in that: the filler used for size exclusion chromatography is polystyrene, and the mobile phase is tetrahydrofuran.
5. The method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pore size of the filler of the size exclusion chromatography is within
Figure FDA0002503534700000011
The diameter of the gel column bed is 50-100mm, and the height of the gel column bed is 800-1000 mm.
6. The method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific operation of the step (2) is as follows: tetrahydrofuran is adopted as a solvent to prepare a solution with the mass fraction of 5%, and the solution is added into a chromatographic column filled with polystyrene filler for size exclusion chromatographic separation to obtain a component with the relative molecular mass of 400-1000.
7. The method for preparing high-quality needle coke by size exclusion separation-fractional carbonization of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: true density of the needle coke>2.13g/cm3Coefficient of thermal expansion<1.15×10-6/℃。
8. Needle coke produced by the process of any of claims 1 to 7.
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CN114540058A (en) * 2020-11-20 2022-05-27 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Needle coke prepared from heavy oil and its preparation method
CN114540059A (en) * 2020-11-20 2022-05-27 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Combined process and combined system for producing needle coke from heavy oil and needle coke produced by combined process and combined system
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