CN111572146A - Plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111572146A
CN111572146A CN202010433260.3A CN202010433260A CN111572146A CN 111572146 A CN111572146 A CN 111572146A CN 202010433260 A CN202010433260 A CN 202010433260A CN 111572146 A CN111572146 A CN 111572146A
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material flow
layer material
wood
powder
plastic
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CN111572146B (en
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周才良
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Jiangsu Yulinsheng Plastic Wood Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Yulinsheng Plastic Wood Technology Co ltd
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0095—Mixtures of at least two compounding ingredients belonging to different one-dot groups
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
    • C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
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    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
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    • C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
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    • C08J2497/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
    • C08J2497/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate

Abstract

The invention relates to a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of composite materials and novel chemical building materials. The invention is composed of a lignin/plastic composite core layer, a wood powder/plastic composite intermediate layer and a chitosan modified outer shell layer, wherein the wood powder/plastic composite intermediate layer is positioned between the lignin/plastic composite core layer and the chitosan modified outer shell layer. The invention has convenient production and manufacture, strong production continuity and high production efficiency; compared with wood materials, the wood-plastic composite material is more corrosion-resistant, mothproof, free of cracking and aging, free of color difference, free of paint falling in the using process and the like; compared with common plastic-wood composite materials, the composite material has the advantages that the porous structure design is adopted, and materials with the adsorption characteristic are used, so that the composite material has excellent capability of adsorbing toxic and harmful gases and dust, is favorable for purifying air, particularly indoor air, and improves human living environment.

Description

Plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plastic-wood composite material, in particular to a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of composite materials and novel chemical building materials.
Background
People have affinity to wood, and the wood cannot be separated from home decoration. However, wood itself has disadvantages such as easy shrinkage and cracking, easy deformation when contacting water, easy mildew when contacting moisture, easy combustion when contacting fire, and formaldehyde and VOC can cause indoor pollution when using wood door made of plywood. The invention discloses a novel board which is necessary to replace wood. The plastic-wood composite material is prepared by processing plant fibers such as wood powder, agricultural straw powder and the like and plastics serving as main raw materials by an advanced process, and can be recycled.
At present, the application of the plastic-wood composite material is wider and wider, and the plastic-wood composite material can be widely applied to various fields of municipal engineering, landscape and garden, decoration and decoration, cultural and sports entertainment, transportation and packaging and the like; the product types are more and more abundant, including floor, great wall board, sound-proof wall, guardrail, corridor frame, table chair, flower box, grape trellis, wayside pavilion, bus stop etc.. The plastic-wood composite material industry develops rapidly mainly because the plastic-wood composite material has the advantages of wide raw material source, environmental friendliness, reproducibility, cyclic use, corrosion resistance, water resistance, no worm damage, high production efficiency and the like. However, with the improvement of the market acceptance of the plastic-wood materials, the requirements of people on the special properties of the plastic-wood products are gradually increased. For example, if the wood-plastic plate used for indoor instead of wood satisfies the characteristics of common wood-plastic materials and has an adsorption function, and can adsorb components such as harmful gas and dust, the wood-plastic plate is very beneficial to purifying indoor air, and is more popular with people.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions, which replaces the traditional material, is mainly used for indoor installation, and is very necessary for exerting the advantages of the plastic-wood material, increasing the functionality of the plate in the occasions and improving the cost performance of the plastic-wood plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the above purpose to provide a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions and a preparation method thereof, and the plate has the characteristics of capability of adsorbing toxic and harmful gases and dust and air purification besides the characteristics of repeated processing, easy forming and processing and the like of a common plastic-wood composite material plate.
A plastic-wood composite plate with adsorption and purification functions is composed of a lignin/plastic composite core layer, a wood powder/plastic composite middle layer and a chitosan modified outer shell layer, wherein the wood powder/plastic composite middle layer is located between the lignin/plastic composite core layer and the chitosan modified outer shell layer.
The lignin/plastic composite core layer, the wood flour/plastic composite intermediate layer and the chitosan modified shell layer are respectively and independently extruded by three extruders to form a core layer material flow, a middle layer material flow and a shell layer material flow, the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the die, the core layer material flow is innermost, the middle layer material flow is coated around the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated around the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the mixed material flow is extruded in the die to obtain the plastic-wood composite plate with the adsorption and purification functions.
The core layer material flow is formed by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber, calcium carbonate powder, baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene and then melting and extruding the mixture by adopting an extruder; the average particle size of the lignin/montmorillonite composite is 10-20 mu m; the average length of the chopped palm fiber is 1-3 mm; the average particle size of the calcium carbonate powder is 800-1200 meshes.
The middle layer material flow is formed by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder, calcium carbonate powder, azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate and then performing melt extrusion by adopting an extruder; the average particle size of the modified wood powder is 20-100 meshes; the average particle size of the shell powder is 1-5 mu m; the average particle size of the calcium carbonate powder is 800-1600 meshes.
The shell material flow is formed by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber, modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon, chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil and then melting and extruding the mixture by an extruder; the average length of the chopped palm fiber is 100-300 mu m; the average particle size of the modified vermiculite powder is 10-50 mu m; the average particle size of the cross-linked chitosan is 300-500 nm; the average particle size of the activated carbon is 100-300 meshes.
A preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 10-16: 10-18: 20-30, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; respectively weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 4-6: 15-25, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water to dissolve, adding the lignin, and stirring for 30-60 min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 100-200: 5-11, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 80-100 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 30-60 min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 40-60 min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite;
(2) soaking the wood powder in a sodium hydroxide-water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10-20% for 4-8 h, taking out, washing the wood powder with water until the eluate is neutral, and drying the wood powder to obtain alkali-treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 500-900: 10-20: 0.1-0.3, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 50-60 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 80-90 ℃ after spraying is finished, keeping the temperature for 1-3 hours, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour;
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 2-4: 5-15: 120-160, uniformly mixing acetic acid and water, adding chitosan, heating to 70-80 ℃, stirring for reaction for 4-6 hours, adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 30-50 min, adding vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 4-10 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder;
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 1-3: 10-20: 20-30: 0.4-0.8: 2-4, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 70-80 ℃, stirring for 30-40 min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 110-120 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at a speed of 3-5 drops/s, after the material is added and stirred for 30-50 min, adding glutaraldehyde, continuing stirring for 1-3 h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan;
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber, calcium carbonate powder, baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 60-80: 20-30: 10-16: 1-3: 2-6: 7-9: 2-3: 3-7, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170-184 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder, calcium carbonate powder, azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 50-70: 20-30: 15-25: 1.5-3.5: 1-2: 2-4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 166-178 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber, modified vermiculite powder, crosslinked chitosan, activated carbon, chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 20-40: 30-50: 4-8: 5-10: 2-4: 1-3: 2-4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 165-175 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 160-200: 20-30 by adjusting the rotating speed of a screw;
(9) and extruding the mixed material flow in a neck mold, wherein the temperature of the neck mold is 160-170 ℃, and forming the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions.
The plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is convenient to produce and manufacture, high in production continuity and high in production efficiency; compared with wood materials, the wood-plastic composite material is more corrosion-resistant, mothproof, free of cracking and aging, free of color difference, free of paint falling in the using process and the like; compared with common plastic-wood composite materials, the composite material has the advantages that the porous structure design is adopted, and materials with the adsorption characteristic are used, so that the composite material has excellent capability of adsorbing toxic and harmful gases and dust, is favorable for purifying air, particularly indoor air, and improves human living environment.
Detailed Description
The following examples are used to specifically illustrate a plastic wood composite board with adsorption and purification functions and a preparation method thereof.
A plastic-wood composite plate with adsorption and purification functions is composed of a lignin/plastic composite core layer, a wood powder/plastic composite middle layer and a chitosan modified outer shell layer, wherein the wood powder/plastic composite middle layer is located between the lignin/plastic composite core layer and the chitosan modified outer shell layer.
The lignin/plastic composite core layer, the wood flour/plastic composite intermediate layer and the chitosan modified shell layer are respectively and independently extruded by three extruders to form a core layer material flow, a middle layer material flow and a shell layer material flow, the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the die, the core layer material flow is innermost, the middle layer material flow is coated around the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated around the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the mixed material flow is extruded in the die to obtain the plastic-wood composite plate with the adsorption and purification functions.
The core layer material flow is formed by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber, calcium carbonate powder, baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene and then melting and extruding the mixture by an extruder.
The middle layer material flow is formed by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder, calcium carbonate powder, azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate and then performing melt extrusion by adopting an extruder.
The shell material flow is formed by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber, modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon, chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil and then melting and extruding the mixture by an extruder.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 13: 14: 25, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 5: 20, respectively, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water for dissolving, adding the lignin, and stirring for 45min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 150: 8, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 90 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 45min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 50min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product with water until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing, and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite (the average particle size is 15 mu m);
(2) soaking the wood powder in a sodium hydroxide-water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 15% for 6h, taking out, washing the wood powder with water until the eluate is neutral, and drying the wood powder to obtain alkali-treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 700: 15: 0.2, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 55 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 85 ℃ after spraying is finished, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour (the average particle size is 60 meshes);
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 3: 10: 140, uniformly mixing the acetic acid and the water, adding the chitosan, heating to 75 ℃, stirring for reaction for 5 hours, adding the glutaraldehyde, stirring for 40min, then adding the vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 7 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder (the average particle size is 30 microns);
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 2: 15: 25: 0.6: 3, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 75 ℃, stirring for 35min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 115 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at the adding speed of 4 drops/s, stirring for 40min after the material is added, adding glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring for 2h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan (the average particle size is 400 nm);
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber (average length is 2mm), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 1000 meshes), baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 70: 25: 13: 2: 4: 8: 2.5: 5, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 177 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder (with the average particle size of 3 mu m), calcium carbonate powder (with the average particle size of 1200 meshes), azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 60: 25: 20: 2.5: 1.5: 3, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 172 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber (with the average length of 200 mu m), modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon (with the average particle size of 200 meshes), chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 30: 40: 6: 7.5: 3: 2: 3, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 180: 25 by adjusting the rotating speed of a screw;
(9) the mixed material flow is extruded in a neck mold, the temperature of the neck mold is 165 ℃, and a plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is formed.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 10: 20, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 4: 15, respectively, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water for dissolving, adding the lignin, and stirring for 30min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 5, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 80 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 30min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 40min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product with water until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing, and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite (the average particle size is 10 mu m);
(2) soaking wood powder in 10 wt% concentration sodium hydroxide-water solution for 4 hr, taking out, washing with water until the eluate is neutral, and oven drying to obtain alkali treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 500: 10: 0.1, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 50 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 80 ℃ after spraying is finished, keeping the temperature for 1h, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour (the average particle size is 20 meshes);
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 2: 5: 120, uniformly mixing the acetic acid and the water, adding the chitosan, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for reaction for 4 hours, adding the glutaraldehyde, stirring for 30min, then adding the vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 4 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder (the average particle size is 10 microns);
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 1: 10: 20: 0.4: 2, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 30min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 110 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at the adding speed of 3 drops/s, stirring for 30min after the material is added, adding glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring for 1h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan (the average particle size is 300 nm);
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber (average length is 1mm), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 800 meshes), baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 60: 20: 10: 1: 2: 7: 2: 3, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder (average particle size is 1 mu m), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 800 meshes), azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 50: 20: 15: 1.5: 1: 2, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 166 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber (the average length is 100 mu m), modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon (the average particle size is 100 meshes), chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 20: 30: 4: 5: 2: 1: 2, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 165 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 160: 20 by adjusting the rotating speed of the screw;
(9) the mixed material flow is extruded in a neck mold, the temperature of the neck mold is 160 ℃, and the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is formed.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 16: 18: 30, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 6: 25 respectively, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water for dissolving, adding the lignin, and stirring for 60min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 200: 11, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 100 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 60min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 60min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product with water until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing, and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite (the average particle size is 20 microns);
(2) soaking wood powder in 20 wt% concentration sodium hydroxide-water solution for 8 hr, taking out, washing with water until the eluate is neutral, and oven drying to obtain alkali treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 900: 20: 0.3, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour (the average particle size is 100 meshes);
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 4: 15: 160, uniformly mixing the acetic acid and the water, adding the chitosan, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for reaction for 6 hours, adding the glutaraldehyde, stirring for 50min, then adding the vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 10 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder (the average particle size is 50 microns);
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 3: 20: 30: 0.8: 4, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 40min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 120 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at the adding speed of 5 drops/s, stirring for 50min after the material is added, adding glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring for 3h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan (the average particle size is 500 nm);
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber (average length is 3mm), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 1200 meshes), baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 80: 30: 16: 3: 6: 9: 3: 7, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 184 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder (average particle size is 5 mu m), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 1600 meshes), azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 70: 30: 25: 3.5: 2: 4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 178 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber (the average length is 300 mu m), modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon (the average particle size is 300 meshes), chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 40: 50: 8: 10: 4: 3: 4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 175 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 200: 30 by adjusting the rotating speed of a screw;
(9) the mixed material flow is extruded in a neck mold, the temperature of the neck mold is 170 ℃, and the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is formed.
Example 4:
a preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 10: 14: 30, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 4: 20, respectively, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water for dissolving, adding the lignin, and stirring for 60min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 8, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 100 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 30min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 50min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product with water until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing, and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite (the average particle size is 20 microns);
(2) soaking the wood powder in a 10% sodium hydroxide-water solution for 6h, taking out, washing the wood powder with water until the eluate is neutral, and drying the wood powder to obtain alkali-treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 900: 10: 0.2, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 80 ℃ after spraying is finished, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour (the average particle size is 100 meshes);
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 2: 3: 15: 120, uniformly mixing the acetic acid and the water, adding the chitosan, heating to 75 ℃, stirring for reaction for 6 hours, adding the glutaraldehyde, stirring for 30min, then adding the vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 7 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder (the average particle size is 50 microns);
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 1: 15: 30: 0.4: 3, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 30min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 115 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at the adding speed of 5 drops/s, stirring for 30min after the adding is finished, adding glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring for 2h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan (the average particle size is 500 nm);
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber (average length is 3mm), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 800 meshes), baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 60: 25: 16: 1: 4: 9: 2: 5, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 177 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder (average particle size is 1 mu m), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 1200 meshes), azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 70: 20: 3.5: 1: 3: 4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 178 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber (the average length is 300 mu m), modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon (the average particle size is 100 meshes), chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 20: 40: 8: 5: 3: 2: 3, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 200: 20 by adjusting the rotating speed of a screw;
(9) the mixed material flow is extruded in a neck mold, the temperature of the neck mold is 165 ℃, and a plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is formed.
Example 5:
a preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 13: 18: 20, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 5: 25 respectively, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water for dissolving, adding the lignin, and stirring for 30min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 150: 11, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 80 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 45min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 60min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product with water until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing, and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite (the average particle size is 10 mu m);
(2) soaking the wood powder in a sodium hydroxide-water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 15% for 8h, taking out, washing the wood powder with water until the eluate is neutral, and drying the wood powder to obtain alkali-treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 500: 15: 0.3, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 50 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 85 ℃ after spraying is finished, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour (the average particle size is 20 meshes);
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 3: 4: 5: 140, uniformly mixing the acetic acid and the water, adding the chitosan, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for reaction for 4 hours, adding the glutaraldehyde, stirring for 40min, then adding the vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 10 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder (the average particle size is 10 microns);
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 2: 20: 0.6: 4, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 35min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 120 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at the adding speed of 3 drops/s, stirring for 40min after the material is added, adding glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring for 3h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan (the average particle size is 300 nm);
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber (average length is 1mm), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 1000 meshes), baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 70: 30: 10: 2: 6: 7: 2.5: 7, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 184 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder (with the average particle size of 3 mu m), calcium carbonate powder (with the average particle size of 1600 meshes), azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 50: 25: 1.5: 4: 2, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 166 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber (the average length is 100 mu m), modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon (the average particle size is 200 meshes), chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 30: 50: 4: 7.5: 4: 1: 3: 4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 175 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 160: 25 by adjusting the rotating speed of the screw;
(9) the mixed material flow is extruded in a neck mold, the temperature of the neck mold is 170 ℃, and the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is formed.
Example 6:
a preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 16: 10: 25, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 6: 15 respectively, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water for dissolving, adding the lignin, and stirring for 45min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 200: 5, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 90 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 60min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 40min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product with water until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing, and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite (the average particle size is 15 mu m);
(2) soaking wood powder in 20 wt% concentration sodium hydroxide-water solution for 4 hr, taking out, washing with water until the eluate is neutral, and oven drying to obtain alkali treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 700: 20: 0.1, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 55 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour (the average particle size is 60 meshes);
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 4: 2: 10: 160, uniformly mixing the acetic acid and the water, adding the chitosan, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for reaction for 5 hours, adding the glutaraldehyde, stirring for 50min, then adding the vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 4 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder (the average particle size is 30 microns);
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 3: 10: 25: 0.8: 2, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 75 ℃, stirring for 40min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 110 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at the adding speed of 4 drops/s, stirring for 50min after the material is added, adding glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring for 1h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan (the average particle size is 400 nm);
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber (average length of 2mm), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size of 1200 meshes), baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 80: 20: 13: 3: 2: 8: 3, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder (average particle size is 5 mu m), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 800 meshes), azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 60: 30: 15: 2.5: 2: 3, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 172 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber (with the average length of 200 mu m), modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon (with the average particle size of 300 meshes), chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 40: 30: 6: 10: 2: 4: 2, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 165 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 180: 30 by adjusting the rotating speed of a screw;
(9) the mixed material flow is extruded in a neck mold, the temperature of the neck mold is 160 ℃, and the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is formed.
Example 7:
a preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 10: 25, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 5: 25 respectively, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water for dissolving, adding the lignin, and stirring for 60min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 5, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 90 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 45min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 60min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product with water until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing, and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite (the average particle size is 20 microns);
(2) soaking wood powder in 10 wt% concentration sodium hydroxide-water solution for 4 hr, taking out, washing with water until the eluate is neutral, and oven drying to obtain alkali treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 700: 15: 0.3, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 80 ℃ after spraying is finished, keeping the temperature for 1h, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour (the average particle size is 60 meshes);
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 3: 4: 15: 120, uniformly mixing the acetic acid and the water, adding the chitosan, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for reaction for 5 hours, adding the glutaraldehyde, stirring for 40min, then adding the vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 10 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder (the average particle size is 50 microns);
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 1: 10: 25: 0.6: 4, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 30min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 110 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at the adding speed of 4 drops/s, stirring for 40min after the material is added, adding glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring for 3h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan (the average particle size is 500 nm);
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber (average length is 2mm), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 1000 meshes), baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 60: 20: 13: 2: 6: 9: 2: 3, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 184 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder (average particle size is 1 mu m), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 800 meshes), azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 70: 20: 15: 2.5: 1.5: 4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 172 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber (the average length is 300 mu m), modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon (the average particle size is 100 meshes), chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 30: 50: 8: 5: 2: 3: 4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 165 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 180: 25 by adjusting the rotating speed of a screw;
(9) the mixed material flow is extruded in a neck mold, the temperature of the neck mold is 170 ℃, and the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is formed.
Example 8:
a preparation method of a plastic-wood composite material plate with adsorption and purification functions comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 12: 22, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 4.6: 18, respectively, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water for dissolving, adding the lignin, and stirring for 38min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 108: 7, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 87 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 37min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 47min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product with water until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing, and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite (the average particle size is 17 mu m);
(2) soaking the wood powder in a sodium hydroxide-water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 17% for 7h, taking out, washing the wood powder with water until the eluate is neutral, and drying the wood powder to obtain alkali-treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 600: 16: 0.13, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 53 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 83 ℃ after spraying is finished, keeping the temperature for 1.3h, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour (the average particle size is 80 meshes);
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 2.4: 8: 128, uniformly mixing the acetic acid and the water, adding the chitosan, heating to 78 ℃, stirring for reacting for 4.6h, adding the glutaraldehyde, stirring for 38min, then adding the vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 7h, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder (the average particle size is 17 microns);
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 1.3: 14: 24: 0.7: 2.4, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 76 ℃, stirring for 36min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 116 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at the adding speed of 3.5 drops/s, after the material is added and stirred for 36min, adding glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring for 1.3h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan (the average particle size is 350 nm);
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber (average length is 1.3mm), calcium carbonate powder (average particle size is 900 meshes), baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 66: 26: 12: 1.3: 3: 7.9: 2.3: 6, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 172 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder (with the average particle size of 4 mu m), calcium carbonate powder (with the average particle size of 1000 meshes), azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 52: 22: 16: 1.6: 1.2: 2.4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber (the average length is 160 mu m), modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon (the average particle size is 160 meshes), chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 26: 36: 5: 6: 2.4: 1.3: 2.4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 166 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 190: 29 by adjusting the rotating speed of the screw;
(9) the mixed material flow is extruded in a neck mold, the temperature of the neck mold is 169 ℃, and the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is formed.
The following tests demonstrate the effect of example 1 of the present invention:
calculating the density of the invention according to the method of weighing and measuring the volume;
testing the static bending strength and the static bending modulus of the invention according to the LY/T1613 standard;
take 3m2The invention is put in the formaldehyde with the concentration of 0.50mg/m3Volume of 5m3The formaldehyde concentration in the closed space after 7d of placement is measured, and meanwhile, the formaldehyde concentration in the closed space after 7d of placement without the formaldehyde-free formaldehyde-containing solution is compared and tested.
The test results were as follows:
the density of the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is 0.88g/cm3The static bending strength is 26.50MPa, the static bending modulus is 1.96GPa, and the formaldehyde concentration in the density space after 7d is 0.32mg/m3(Place inventive plate) and 0.49mg/m3(the inventive sheet was not placed).
The above results illustrate that: the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions has lower density, better mechanical property parameters than a LY/T1613 standard specified value, better mechanical property and obvious adsorption function on formaldehyde.

Claims (9)

1. The plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions is characterized by comprising a lignin/plastic composite core layer, a wood powder/plastic composite intermediate layer and a chitosan modified outer shell layer, wherein the wood powder/plastic composite intermediate layer is positioned between the lignin/plastic composite core layer and the chitosan modified outer shell layer.
2. The plastic-wood composite board with the adsorption and purification functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lignin/plastic composite core layer, the wood flour/plastic composite intermediate layer and the chitosan modified shell layer are respectively and separately extruded by three extruders to form a core layer material flow, an intermediate layer material flow and a shell layer material flow, the core layer material flow, the intermediate layer material flow and the shell layer material flow converge in the die, the core layer material flow is innermost, the intermediate layer material flow is coated around the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated around the periphery of the intermediate layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the mixed material flow is extruded in the die to obtain the plastic-wood composite board with the adsorption and purification functions.
3. The plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions as claimed in claims 1-2, wherein the core layer material flow is prepared by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite composite, chopped palm fiber, calcium carbonate powder, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene, and then melt-extruding the mixture by using an extruder.
4. The core layer stream according to claim 1, 2, 3, characterized in that the lignin/montmorillonite composite has an average particle size of 10 to 20 μm; the average length of the chopped palm fiber is 1-3 mm; the average particle size of the calcium carbonate powder is 800-1200 meshes.
5. The plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions as claimed in claims 1-2, wherein the middle layer material flow is prepared by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder, calcium carbonate powder, azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate, and then performing melt extrusion by using an extruder.
6. The interlayer stream of claims 1, 2, 5, wherein the modified wood flour has an average particle size of 20 to 100 mesh; the average particle size of the shell powder is 1-5 mu m; the average particle size of the calcium carbonate powder is 800-1600 meshes.
7. The plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions as claimed in claims 1-2, wherein the shell material flow is formed by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber, modified vermiculite powder, cross-linked chitosan, activated carbon, chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil, and then melt-extruding the mixture by using an extruder.
8. The sheath layer stream of claims 1, 2, 7 wherein the chopped palm fibers have an average length of 100 to 300 μm; the average particle size of the modified vermiculite powder is 10-50 mu m; the average particle size of the cross-linked chitosan is 300-500 nm; the average particle size of the activated carbon is 100-300 meshes.
9. The preparation method of the plastic-wood composite board with the adsorption and purification functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing water, aluminum chloride, sodium hydroxide and montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 100: 10-16: 10-18: 20-30, dissolving the aluminum chloride in the water, adding the sodium hydroxide, stirring for dissolving, and then adding the montmorillonite for dissolving to form montmorillonite suspension; respectively weighing water, sodium hydroxide and lignin according to the weight ratio of 100: 4-6: 15-25, adding the sodium hydroxide into the water to dissolve, adding the lignin, and stirring for 30-60 min to form a lignin suspension; respectively measuring montmorillonite suspension, lignin suspension and acetic anhydride according to the volume ratio of 100: 100-200: 5-11, adding acetic anhydride into the lignin suspension while stirring, heating the mixed solution to 80-100 ℃ after the addition is finished, keeping the temperature for 30-60 min, then adding the montmorillonite suspension, continuously stirring for 40-60 min, cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the filtered solid product until the eluate is neutral, drying the solid product, crushing and screening to obtain a lignin/montmorillonite composite;
(2) soaking the wood powder in a sodium hydroxide-water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10-20% for 4-8 h, taking out, washing the wood powder with water until the eluate is neutral, and drying the wood powder to obtain alkali-treated wood powder; respectively weighing ethanol, alkali-treated wood flour, cinnamic acid and ammonium persulfate according to the weight ratio of 100: 500-900: 10-20: 0.1-0.3, adding cinnamic acid into ethanol, uniformly stirring, heating to 50-60 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring to obtain a cinnamic acid-ethanol solution, uniformly spraying the cinnamic acid-ethanol solution on the surface of the alkali-treated wood flour, heating to 80-90 ℃ after spraying is finished, keeping the temperature for 1-3 hours, cooling to room temperature, drying, and screening to obtain modified wood flour;
(3) respectively weighing water, glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, chitosan and vermiculite powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 2-4: 5-15: 120-160, uniformly mixing acetic acid and water, adding chitosan, heating to 70-80 ℃, stirring for reaction for 4-6 hours, adding glutaraldehyde, stirring for 30-50 min, adding vermiculite powder, continuously stirring for 4-10 hours, filtering, drying and screening to obtain modified vermiculite powder;
(4) respectively weighing water, acetic acid, chitosan, n-octane, tween 80 and glutaraldehyde according to the weight ratio of 100: 1-3: 10-20: 20-30: 0.4-0.8: 2-4, uniformly mixing the chitosan and the acetic acid, heating to 70-80 ℃, stirring for 30-40 min, filtering, adding the solid into the water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain an aqueous phase solution; uniformly mixing n-octane and tween 80 to obtain an oil phase solution; heating the water phase solution to 110-120 ℃, then gradually adding the oil phase solution into the water phase solution at a speed of 3-5 drops/s, after the material is added and stirred for 30-50 min, adding glutaraldehyde, continuing stirring for 1-3 h, filtering, collecting solid filtrate, drying and screening to obtain crosslinked chitosan;
(5) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, lignin/montmorillonite compound, chopped palm fiber, calcium carbonate powder, baking soda, citric acid, terpene resin, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene according to the weight ratio of 100: 60-80: 20-30: 10-16: 1-3: 2-6: 7-9: 2-3: 3-7, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a core layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170-184 ℃;
(6) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, modified wood powder, shell powder, calcium carbonate powder, azodicarbonamide, baking soda, citric acid and calcium stearate according to the weight ratio of 100: 50-70: 20-30: 15-25: 1.5-3.5: 1-2: 2-4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form an intermediate layer material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 166-178 ℃;
(7) respectively weighing polyvinyl chloride, chopped palm fiber, modified vermiculite powder, crosslinked chitosan, activated carbon, chlorinated polyethylene, azodicarbonamide, calcium stearate and white oil according to the weight ratio of 100: 20-40: 30-50: 4-8: 5-10: 2-4: 1-3: 2-4, uniformly mixing, and performing melt extrusion by using an extruder to form a shell material flow, wherein the extrusion temperature is 165-175 ℃;
(8) the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow are converged in the neck mold, the core layer material flow is positioned at the innermost part, the middle layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the core layer material flow, the shell layer material flow is coated on the periphery of the middle layer material flow to form a mixed material flow, and the weight ratio of the core layer material flow, the middle layer material flow and the shell layer material flow entering the neck mold in unit time is controlled to be 100: 160-200: 20-30 by adjusting the rotating speed of a screw;
(9) and extruding the mixed material flow in a neck mold, wherein the temperature of the neck mold is 160-170 ℃, and forming the plastic-wood composite material plate with the adsorption and purification functions.
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