CN111572130A - Impact-resistant composite material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Impact-resistant composite material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111572130A CN111572130A CN202010464636.7A CN202010464636A CN111572130A CN 111572130 A CN111572130 A CN 111572130A CN 202010464636 A CN202010464636 A CN 202010464636A CN 111572130 A CN111572130 A CN 111572130A
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- parts
- fiber cloth
- impact
- composite material
- twill
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Links
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- HGXVKAPCSIXGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethyl-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine;4,6-diethyl-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC(CC)=C(N)C(C)=C1N.CCC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(CC)=C1N HGXVKAPCSIXGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GXGJIOMUZAGVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chamazulene Chemical group CCC1=CC=C(C)C2=CC=C(C)C2=C1 GXGJIOMUZAGVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical class O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an impact-resistant composite material, which comprises continuous-phase multilayer fiber cloth and a filling phase containing polyurea groups and polyurea-based macromolecules and polyurethane elastomers, wherein the multilayer fiber cloth is formed by arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals, and the total number of layers is 3-15. The continuous phase of the impact-resistant composite material is arranged at intervals by adopting plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth, the continuous phase adopts a high-molecular elastomer containing multi-ureido and multi-ureido containing short fibers of a nano functional material, physical fusion and chemical crosslinking exist between the continuous phase and the filling phase at the same time, and the composite material is high in uniformity, high in strength, high in elongation and high in impact resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to an impact-resistant composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The composite material is a novel material formed by combining several different materials such as organic polymer, inorganic nonmetal or metal through a composite process. It not only retains the important characteristics of the original composition material, but also obtains the performance which is not possessed by the original composition through the composite effect. The properties of the components can be complemented and correlated with each other through material design, so that more excellent properties can be obtained, and the method is essentially different from the simple mixing of general materials.
The fiber composite material takes the fiber framework as a continuous phase, takes the mixture of the chopped fiber and the polymer as filling, and the chopped fiber and the framework fiber are mutually entangled, so that the fiber composite material has the advantages of high specific strength, large specific modulus, good corrosion resistance and durability, low thermal expansion coefficient and the like, and can be applied to the fields of corrosion resistance, engineering support, surface protection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an impact-resistant composite material, which adopts multilayer fiber cloth as a continuous phase and a mixture of a nano functional material and a polymer as a filling phase.
The multilayer fiber cloth is formed by arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals, the thickness of the single-layer fiber cloth is between 0.05 and 0.35mm, and the total number of layers is 3 to 15. 1-3 layers between two adjacent layers of the whole fiber cloth are formed by splicing small fiber cloth and are uniformly tiled by four same small fiber cloth, so that the generation of waste materials is reduced, gaps among the small fiber cloth are favorable for infiltration of filling phases, and the generation of cavities in the composite material is reduced. In order to increase the binding force between the small pieces of fiber cloth, the other two small pieces of fiber cloth made of the same material can be used for pressing and covering the two small pieces of fiber transversely or longitudinally.
From the component point of view, the plain fiber cloth is plain glass fiber cloth, plain basalt fiber cloth, plain carbon fiber cloth or plain aramid cloth, and the twill fiber cloth is twill glass fiber cloth, twill basalt fiber cloth, twill carbon fiber cloth or twill aramid cloth. The composition of each layer of fiber cloth can be the same as or different from the composition of other layers of fiber cloth of the same type.
The filling phase polymer is a polyurethane elastomer, the existing polyurethane elastomer can be used, and a certain content of functional materials can be added into the polyurethane elastomer and mutually intertwined with the fiber cloth, so that the interaction between the continuous phase and the filling phase is increased.
Based on the mechanism, the polyurethane elastomer is adopted as the filling phase according to the following weight percentage: 49-67% of amine mixture, 32-50% of polyurethane prepolymer and 1-2% of nano functional material.
The amine mixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of diol polyether amine D400, D2000 or D800, 2-10 parts of one or more of ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or polyethylene polyamine, 3-15 parts of one or more of m-phenylenediamine PDA, m-xylylenediamine MDA, diaminodiphenylmethane HT972, diethyltoluenediamine DETDA or diphenylDBTDA, 2-10 parts of isophorone diamine IPDA or isophorone diamine and polyol polymer, 590 or 5935-20 parts of curing agent, T31 or T5340 parts of curing agent, T6001 or 62003-15 parts of polyisocyanate curing agent, 1-2 parts of one or more of ultraviolet absorbent UV531, 944 UV326, UV327 or UV-p, 0.5-1 part of one or more of dispersant BYK5040, BYK1100 or BYK116, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant, 1076, 1068, 1135 and 1157 parts of one or more of antioxidant, 0.2 part of defoaming agent DF116 or DF8310.1 and 5 parts of toughening agent TP136 or TP 15871.
The polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 2-20 parts of MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate), 5-30 parts of MDI and polyol PG1000-2000 prepolymer, 2-30 parts of MDI and polyol PT1000-2000 prepolymer, 32-15 parts of hydrogenated HMDI2, 2-20 parts of one or more of HDI tripolymer, HT100, HT600 or N3390, 2-15 parts of HDI and polyol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 1000-.
The nano functional material is selected from one of carbon nano tube, graphene, multilayer graphite microchip, graphite microsphere, nano fumed silica or carbon fiber.
The method for preparing the impact-resistant composite material by combining the polyurethane elastomer and the multilayer fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment of nano-functional materials
Grinding the nano functional material for later use;
2. preparation of spray coating liquid
1) Preparing an amine mixture: adding an ultraviolet absorbent and amine components in parts by weight into a container, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 50 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, stirring at a low rotation speed of 600-;
3) preparing a polyurethane prepolymer: weighing each component of the polyurethane prepolymer according to the weight part, mixing the core components, stirring for 2-5h at 50-80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, adding the toughening agent and the anti-aging agent, stirring for 1-2h at 600 plus 800rpm, and adding the solvent for dilution for later use;
3. spray forming
And (2) preparing a plurality of layers of fiber cloth by arranging plain weave fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals in sequence, uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the step (2) according to a proportion, adding a curing agent in an amine mixture, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation dispersion for 10-30min at 20000Hz and 900W, then stirring and mixing for 30-60min at 800rpm with 600-plus of materials to finish blending, adopting high-pressure air-free SPU for spraying, wherein the spraying distance is 2-50cm, the spraying pressure is 5-16MPa, placing the plurality of layers of fiber cloth on a pressing plate after the spraying is finished, controlling the calendering temperature to be 40-70 ℃, and calendering for 4-12h to obtain the fiber cloth.
The nanometer functional material in the composite material prepared by the method is sheet-shaped or linear, can be randomly entangled with the fibers of the multi-layer fiber cloth, enhances the binding force between the polyurethane and the fiber cloth, and enables the composite material to have high strength and impact resistance. The impact-resistant composite material can be prepared into a sheet material, then processed according to the use place, bonded and fixed by adopting an adhesive, and also can be formed by directly spraying and curing a multi-layer fiber cloth frame on the treated surface.
Further, the invention can improve the nanometer functional material as follows: immersing the ground nano functional material in mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, soaking for 1-2h at 0 ℃, cooling to-15 ℃, adding hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and hypochlorous acid with the molar ratio of 1 (0.25-0.5) to (0.25-1), reacting for 0.5-24h at-10-60 ℃, centrifuging, washing a filter cake with deionized water until the pH value of a washing solution is 6-7, placing in a vacuum drying box, drying for 4-6h at 60-70 ℃, and drying the obtained powder to obtain the powder containing NaBH4And CaCl2Soaking the solution for 8-10h, filtering, washing the filter cake with deionized water, drying in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 6h to obtain a nano functional material containing hydroxyl and carboxyl, dissolving the nano functional material in a solvent to prepare a spinning stock solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained spinning stock solution, arranging a high-voltage ionization coil under a spinning nozzle, and cutting the nano functional material fibers collected on a receiving device into short fibers.
According to the technical scheme, the mixed oxidant of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and hypochlorous acid is adopted to oxidize active groups on the surface of the nano functional material and then partially reduce the active groups, so that hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups are arranged on the surface of the nano functional material, the modified nano functional material can be stably dissolved in a solvent, electrostatic spinning can be performed, nano fibers are prepared, the nano fibers are prepared into chopped fibers which can be used in spraying liquid, the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the chopped fibers react with isocyanate groups in the forming process after spraying, and the chopped fibers are combined on a chemical layer, so that the continuous phase and a filling phase are combined more tightly after the chopped fibers are entangled with fiber cloth, and the strength and the impact resistance of the composite material are further improved.
The other improvement of the technical scheme is that a spinneret orifice of electrostatic spinning is wedge-shaped, after a stable fiber filament is formed, irregular flow of a spinning solution is more obvious when the spinning solution continuously passes through the wedge-shaped spinneret orifice, stress is not uniform, the spinning solution passes through a middle high-voltage ionization coil, nanorod/tube fibers with defects on the surface carry electrostatic charges, a nano material generates stress, the nano material with a large caliber generates stress orientation in a one-dimensional direction to form a self-curling nano fiber with a large length-diameter ratio, the nano fiber has high elasticity, the curling state can be restored after external force disappears, and the extension performance of the impact-resistant composite material is improved.
The continuous phase of the impact-resistant composite material is arranged at intervals by adopting plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth, the continuous phase adopts polyurethane elastomer containing nano functional material short fibers, physical fusion and chemical crosslinking exist between the continuous phase and the filling phase at the same time, and the composite material is high in uniformity, high in strength, high in elongation and high in impact resistance. The anti-impact composite material can be coated on the surface of conventional I-shaped steel, is applied to highway guardrails, ship protective suspensions or container tower crane anti-collision beams and the like, increases the energy absorption and damping performance of parts, and can also be coated on the anti-collision surface of a ship steel platform to increase the impact resistance of the parts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an impact-resistant composite material of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1, where: 1.2, filling phase, 3, plain weave fiber cloth, 4, twill fiber cloth, 5 and nano functional material;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a B0 type fiber cloth;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a B1 type fiber cloth;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a B2 type fiber cloth;
FIG. 6 is an electron microscope image of the nano-functional material fiber obtained in example 4;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are the electron micrographs of the sections of the impact-resistant composite obtained in example 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described below with reference to examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The continuous phase of the impact-resistant composite material in the embodiment 1-6 is a multilayer fiber cloth, the filling phase is a polyurethane elastomer, the multilayer fiber cloth is a plain fiber cloth and a twill fiber cloth which are arranged at intervals, the thicknesses of the plain fiber cloth and the twill fiber cloth are both 0.05-0.35mm, each layer of the plain fiber cloth is independently selected from one of the plain glass fiber cloth, the plain basalt fiber cloth, the plain carbon fiber cloth or the plain aramid cloth, and each layer of the twill fiber cloth is independently selected from one of the twill glass fiber cloth, the twill basalt fiber cloth, the twill carbon fiber cloth or the twill aramid cloth; monoblock fibre cloth is A type fibre cloth, form by the concatenation of four fritter fibre cloths in 1-3 layers between the adjacent two-layer A type fibre cloth, four fritter fibre cloths evenly tile for B0 type fibre cloth (fig. 3), horizontal two blocks are covered by the same fritter fibre cloth in four fritter fibre cloths for B1 type fibre cloth (fig. 4), vertical two blocks are covered by the same fritter fibre cloth in four fritter fibre cloths for B2 type fibre cloth (fig. 5). Specific information is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1. details of the continuous phase of examples 1-6
Example 1 the filler phase consists of the following components in parts by weight: 49% of amine mixture, 50% of polyurethane prepolymer and 1% of nano fumed silica, wherein the amine mixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 50 parts of dihydric alcohol polyetheramine D40050, 10 parts of ethylenediamine, 3 parts of m-phenylenediamine PDA, 2 parts of isophorone diamine IPDA, 59020 parts of a curing agent, T3110 parts of a curing agent, T600115 parts of a polyisocyanate curing agent, UV5311 parts of an ultraviolet absorbent, BYK50401 parts of a dispersant, 10102 parts of an antioxidant, 1160.1 parts of a defoaming agent DF1160.1 and 1365 parts of a toughening agent TP; the polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of MDI, 5 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PG1000 prepolymer, 30 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PT1000 prepolymer, 15 parts of hydrogenated HMDI, 20 parts of HDI trimer, 2 parts of HDI and polyalcohol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 1000, 12 parts of TDI and polyalcohol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 1000, 2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyalcohol polymer with the molecular weight of 3000, 1845 parts of flexibilizer TP, 40101 parts of anti-aging agent and 30 parts of solvent butyl acetate xylene.
The preparation method of the impact-resistant composite material comprises the following steps: grinding the nano fumed silica for later use; adding an ultraviolet absorbent and amine components in parts by weight into a container, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 50 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, stirring at a low rotation speed of 600rpm for 180min at the temperature until the liquid is clear and transparent, adding a toughening agent, heating to 120 ℃, stirring at a high speed of 1400rpm at the temperature for 60min until the liquid is transparent to form viscous liquid, cooling the flask to 40 ℃ by adopting cooling water, adding a dispersing agent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and the toughening agent, and stirring at 800rpm for 30min to obtain stable liquid; weighing each component of the polyurethane prepolymer according to the weight part, mixing the core components, stirring for 5 hours at 50 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, adding the toughening agent and the anti-aging agent, stirring for 1 hour at 800rpm, and adding the solvent for dilution for later use; sequentially arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals to prepare multilayer fiber cloth, uniformly mixing the three prepared components in proportion, adding a curing agent in an amine mixture, oscillating and dispersing for 30min by 20000Hz and 900W ultrasonic waves, stirring and mixing for 30min at 600rpm to finish blending, spraying by adopting a high-pressure airless SPU (super absorbent polymer) at a spraying distance of 2cm and a spraying pressure of 5MPa, placing the multilayer fiber cloth on a pressing plate after spraying, and calendering at a calendering temperature of 70 ℃ for 4h to obtain the high-performance high-strength polyester fiber cloth.
Example 2 the filler phase consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50% of amine mixture, 48% of polyurethane prepolymer and 2% of carbon nano tube, wherein the amine mixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 200025 parts of diol polyetheramine D, 4 parts of propylenediamine, 5 parts of m-xylylenediamine MDA, 3 parts of isophorone diamine and polyol polymer, 5938 parts of a curing agent, T53115 parts of the curing agent, T60015 parts of a polyisocyanate curing agent, UV9441.3 parts of an ultraviolet absorbent, BYK11000.6 parts of a dispersant, 10760.7 parts of an antioxidant, 8310.11 parts of a defoaming agent DF, and 15872 parts of a toughening agent TP; the polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of MDI, 8 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PG2000 prepolymer, 5 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PT1000 prepolymer, 7 parts of hydrogenated HMDI, 1005 parts of HT, 4 parts of HDI and polyalcohol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 15, 3 parts of TDI and polyalcohol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 1000, 4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyalcohol polymer with the molecular weight of 1000, 1842.2 parts of flexibilizer, 40101.2 parts of anti-aging agent and 12 parts of ethyl acetate solvent.
The preparation method of the impact-resistant composite material comprises the following steps: grinding the carbon nano tube for later use; adding an ultraviolet absorbent and amine components in parts by weight into a container, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 50 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, stirring at a low rotation speed of 650rpm for 150min at the temperature until the liquid is clear and transparent, adding a toughening agent, heating to 100 ℃, stirring at a high speed of 1200rpm at the temperature for 90min until the liquid is transparent to form viscous liquid, cooling the flask to 35 ℃ by adopting cooling water, adding a dispersing agent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and the toughening agent, and stirring at 700rpm for 35min to obtain stable liquid; weighing each component of the polyurethane prepolymer according to the weight part, mixing the core components, stirring for 2-5h at 50-80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, then adding the toughening agent and the anti-aging agent, stirring for 1.5h at 700rpm, and adding the solvent for dilution for later use; sequentially arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals to prepare multilayer fiber cloth, uniformly mixing the three prepared components in proportion, adding a curing agent in an amine mixture, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation dispersion at 20000Hz and 900W for 10-30min, then stirring and mixing at 700rpm for 40min to finish blending, adopting high-pressure air-free SPU for spraying, wherein the spraying distance is 15cm, the spraying pressure is 7MPa, placing the multilayer fiber cloth on a pressing plate after spraying is finished, controlling the calendering temperature at 50 ℃, and calendering for 5h to obtain the high-performance polyester fiber cloth.
Example 3 the filler phase consists of the following components in parts by weight: 65% of amine mixture, 32% of polyurethane prepolymer and 3% of graphene, wherein the amine mixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: diol polyetheramine D80035 parts, diethylenetriamine 6 parts, diaminodiphenylmethane HT9729 parts, isophorone diamine IPDA6 parts, a curing agent 59012.5 parts, a curing agent T3125 parts, a curing agent 62009 parts, UV3261.5 parts, a dispersing agent BYK1160.75 parts, an antioxidant 11351.25 parts, an antifoaming agent DF8310.15 parts and a toughening agent TP15873 parts; the polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 11 parts of MDI, 17.5 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PG2000 prepolymer, 16 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PT2000 prepolymer, 8.5 parts of hydrogenated HMDI, 8.5 parts of HT60011 parts of HDI and polyalcohol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 1000, 6.5 parts of TDI, 8.5 parts of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyalcohol polymer with the molecular weight of 2000, 1843.5 parts of flexibilizer TP, 40102 parts of anti-aging agent and 20 parts of solvent PMA.
The preparation method of the impact-resistant composite material comprises the following steps: placing graphene into a container, slowly dropwise adding 98% sulfuric acid and 70% nitric acid, ultrasonically oscillating and dispersing for 30min, magnetically stirring at 80 ℃, then carrying out suction filtration, drying a filter cake for 5h at 75 ℃, crushing, then adding the crushed filter cake into a silane coupling agent KH570, soaking for 12h at normal temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 60 ℃ for 6h, then crushing to obtain graphene containing hydroxyl and carboxyl, dissolving the graphene in a solvent to prepare a spinning stock solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained spinning stock solution, arranging a high-pressure ionization coil under a spinning nozzle, and cutting fibers collected on a receiving device into short fibers for later use; adding an ultraviolet absorbent and amine components in parts by weight into a container, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 50 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, stirring at a low rotation speed of 750rpm for 60min at the temperature until the liquid is clear and transparent, adding a toughening agent, heating to 90 ℃, stirring at a high speed of 1000rpm at the temperature for 80min until the liquid is transparent to form viscous liquid, cooling the flask to 40 ℃ by adopting cooling water, adding a dispersing agent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and the toughening agent, and stirring at 800rpm for 40min to obtain stable liquid; weighing each component of the polyurethane prepolymer according to the weight part, mixing the core components, stirring for 2.5 hours at 55 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, adding the toughening agent and the anti-aging agent, stirring for 1 hour at 800rpm, and adding the solvent for dilution for later use; sequentially arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals to prepare multilayer fiber cloth, uniformly mixing the three prepared components in proportion, adding a curing agent in an amine mixture, oscillating and dispersing for 15min by 20000Hz and 900W ultrasonic waves, stirring and mixing for 55min at 800rpm to finish blending, spraying by adopting a high-pressure airless SPU at a spraying distance of 20cm and a spraying pressure of 8MPa, placing the multilayer fiber cloth on a pressing plate after spraying, controlling the calendering temperature to be 40-70 ℃, and calendering for 6h to obtain the high-performance polyester fiber cloth.
Example 4 the filler phase consists of the following components in parts by weight: 48% of amine mixture, 48% of polyurethane prepolymer and 4% of graphite microspheres, wherein the amine mixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 200045 parts of diol polyetheramine D, 3 parts of polyethylene polyamine, 6 parts of diphenyl DBTDA, 7 parts of isophorone diamine IPDA, 59012 parts of a curing agent, T53117 parts of the curing agent, 62008 parts of the curing agent, UV3272 parts of an ultraviolet absorbent, BYK50400.6 parts of a dispersant, 11571.8 parts of an antioxidant, DF1160.13 parts of an antifoaming agent and 1364 parts of a toughening agent TP; the polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of MDI, 5 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PG2000 prepolymer, 25 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PT2000 prepolymer, 9 parts of hydrogenated HMDI, N339016 parts of HDI and polyalcohol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 1000, 11 parts of TDI molecular weight 1000 polyalcohol prepolymer, 7 parts of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyalcohol polymer with the molecular weight of 2500, 1842.6 parts of flexibilizer, 40102.8 parts of anti-aging agent and 19 parts of solvent DBG.
The preparation method of the impact-resistant composite material comprises the following steps: placing graphite microspheres into a container, slowly dropwise adding 98% sulfuric acid and 70% nitric acid, ultrasonically oscillating and dispersing for 30min, magnetically stirring at 80 ℃, then carrying out suction filtration, drying a filter cake for 5h at 60-80 ℃, crushing, then adding into a silane coupling agent KH570, soaking for 12h at normal temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 60 ℃ for 6h, then crushing to obtain graphite microspheres containing hydroxyl and carboxyl, dissolving the graphite microspheres in a solvent to prepare a spinning stock solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained spinning stock solution, wherein the spinneret holes of the spinneret are wedge-shaped, a high-pressure ionization coil is arranged right below the spinneret, and fibers collected on a receiving device are cut into short fibers for later use; adding an ultraviolet absorbent and amine components in parts by weight into a container, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 50 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, stirring at 800rpm with low rotation speed of 600-; weighing each component of the polyurethane prepolymer according to the weight part, mixing the core components, stirring for 4 hours at 75 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, adding the toughening agent and the anti-aging agent, stirring for 1.5 hours at 700rpm, and adding the solvent for dilution for later use; sequentially arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals to prepare multilayer fiber cloth, uniformly mixing the three prepared components in proportion, adding a curing agent in an amine mixture, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation dispersion at 20000Hz and 900W for 25min, then stirring and mixing at 800rpm for 45min to finish blending, adopting high-pressure airless SPU for spraying, wherein the spraying distance is 45cm, the spraying pressure is 12MPa, placing the multilayer fiber cloth on a pressing plate after spraying is finished, and controlling the calendering temperature to be 50 ℃ and the calendering set temperature to be 12h to obtain the high-performance polyester fiber cloth.
Example 5 the filler phase consists of the following components in parts by weight: 63% of amine mixture, 32% of polyurethane prepolymer and 5% of chopped carbon fiber, wherein the amine mixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: diol polyetheramine D80045 parts, ethylenediamine 4 parts, propylenediamine 1 part, polyethylene polyamine 2 parts, diaminodiphenylmethane HT9726 parts, diethyltoluenediamine DETDA6 parts, isophoronediamine IPDA8 parts, curing agent 59317 parts, curing agent T53135 parts, curing agent 620013 parts, ultraviolet absorbent UV5310.7 parts, UV-p0.8 parts, dispersant BYK50400.3 parts, BYK11000.3 parts, BYK1160.2 parts, antioxidant 10100.3 parts, 11350.6 parts and 11570.6 parts, defoaming agent DF1160.17 parts and toughening agent TP1364 parts; the polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of MDI, 27 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PG1000 prepolymer, 27 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PT1000 prepolymer, 14 parts of hydrogenated HMDI, HT6008 parts, N33909 parts, 13 parts of HDI and polyalcohol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 2000, 10 parts of TDI, 12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyalcohol polymer with the molecular weight of 3000, 1844.5 parts of flexibilizer TP, 40102.4 parts of anti-aging agent and 26 parts of solvent DBG.
The preparation method of the impact-resistant composite material comprises the following steps: placing the chopped carbon fibers into a container, slowly dropwise adding 98% sulfuric acid and 70% nitric acid, ultrasonically oscillating and dispersing for 30min, magnetically stirring at 80 ℃, then carrying out suction filtration, drying a filter cake for 5h at 80 ℃, crushing, then adding the crushed filter cake into a silane coupling agent KH570, soaking at normal temperature for 12h, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying at 60 ℃ for 6h, then crushing to obtain chopped carbon fibers containing hydroxyl and carboxyl, dissolving the chopped carbon fibers in a solvent to prepare a spinning stock solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained spinning stock solution, arranging a high-pressure ionization coil under a spinning nozzle, and cutting the fibers collected on a receiving device into short fibers for later use; adding an ultraviolet absorbent and amine components in parts by weight into a container, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 50 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, stirring at a low rotation speed of 800rpm for 30min at the temperature until the liquid is clear and transparent, adding a toughening agent, heating to 80 ℃, stirring at a high speed of 800rpm for 120min at the temperature until the liquid is transparent to form viscous liquid, cooling the flask to 30 ℃ by adopting cooling water, adding a dispersing agent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and the toughening agent, and stirring at 600rpm for 60min to obtain stable liquid; weighing each component of the polyurethane prepolymer according to the weight part, mixing the core components, stirring for 2 hours at 50 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, adding the toughening agent and the anti-aging agent, stirring for 2 hours at 600rpm, and adding the solvent for dilution for later use; sequentially arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals to prepare multilayer fiber cloth, uniformly mixing the three prepared components in proportion, adding a curing agent in an amine mixture, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation dispersion at 20000Hz and 900W for 10min, then stirring and mixing at 800rpm for 60min to finish blending, adopting high-pressure airless SPU for spraying, wherein the spraying distance is 50cm, the spraying pressure is 16MPa, placing the multilayer fiber cloth on a pressing plate after spraying is finished, controlling the calendering temperature to be 40-70 ℃, and calendering for 12h to obtain the high-performance polyester fiber cloth.
Example 6 the filler phase consists of the following components in parts by weight: 62% of amine mixture, 32% of polyurethane prepolymer and 6% of multilayer graphite micro-sheets, wherein the amine mixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: the curing agent comprises, by weight, diol polyetheramine D80020 parts, polyethylene polyamine 2 parts, diethyl toluenediamine DETDA15 parts, isophorone diamine and polyol polymer 10 parts, curing agent 5935 parts, curing agent T3140 parts, curing agent 620015 parts, ultraviolet absorbent uv-p2 parts, dispersant BYK1160.5 parts, antioxidant 11350.5 parts, defoaming agent DF1160.2 parts and toughening agent TP1361 parts; the polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of MDI, 30 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PG1000 prepolymer, 2 parts of MDI and polyalcohol PT2000 prepolymer, 2 parts of hydrogenated HMDI, HT6002 parts, 15 parts of HDI and polyalcohol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 2000, 1 parts of TDI, 15 parts of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyalcohol polymer with the molecular weight of 1500, 1842 parts of flexibilizer TP, 40103 parts of anti-aging agent and 10 parts of solvent PMA.
The preparation method of the impact-resistant composite material comprises the following steps: placing the multilayer graphite microchip into a container, slowly dropwise adding 98% sulfuric acid and 70% nitric acid, dispersing for 30min by ultrasonic oscillation, carrying out magnetic stirring at 80 ℃, carrying out suction filtration, drying a filter cake for 5h at 60-80 ℃, adding the crushed filter cake into a silane coupling agent KH570, soaking for 12h at normal temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying for 6h at 60 ℃, crushing to obtain a multilayer graphite microchip containing hydroxyl and carboxyl, dissolving the multilayer graphite microchip in a solvent to obtain a spinning stock solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained spinning stock solution, wherein the spinneret holes of a spinneret are wedge-shaped, a high-pressure ionization coil is arranged right below the spinneret, collecting fibers on a receiving device, and cutting the fibers into short fibers for later use; adding an ultraviolet absorbent and amine components in parts by weight into a container, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 50 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, stirring at a low rotation speed of 750rpm for 130min at the temperature until the liquid is clear and transparent, adding a toughening agent, heating to 95 ℃, stirring at a high speed of 1300rpm at the temperature for 105min until the liquid is transparent to form viscous liquid, cooling the flask to 37 ℃ by adopting cooling water, adding a dispersing agent, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent and the toughening agent, and stirring at 650rpm for 48min to obtain stable liquid; weighing each component of the polyurethane prepolymer according to the weight part, mixing the core components, stirring for 3.5 hours at 65 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, then adding the toughening agent and the anti-aging agent, stirring for 2 hours at 800rpm, and adding the solvent for dilution for later use; sequentially arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals to prepare multilayer fiber cloth, uniformly mixing the three prepared components in proportion, adding a curing agent in an amine mixture, oscillating and dispersing for 30min by 20000Hz and 900W ultrasonic waves, stirring and mixing for 60min at 800rpm to finish blending, spraying by adopting a high-pressure airless SPU at a spraying distance of 30cm and a spraying pressure of 8MPa, placing the multilayer fiber cloth on a pressing plate after spraying, controlling the calendering temperature to be 40-70 ℃, and calendering for 12h to obtain the high-performance polyester fiber cloth.
The impact-resistant composite sheets obtained in examples 1 to 6 were subjected to the examination of relevant indexes, and the results are shown in tables 2 to 6.
TABLE 2 tensile Properties (GB/T528-2009)
TABLE 3 compression Properties (GB/T7757-2009)
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Compressive strength/MPa | 162.37 | 168.42 | 186.23 | 192.88 | 179.85 | 188.39 |
| Resistance to compression deformation | 25.39％ | 26.77％ | 27.71％ | 28.37％ | 26.94％ | 27.26％ |
TABLE 4 flexural Properties (ASTM-626M)
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Maximum force/N | 366.33 | 378.14 | 444.98 | 468.37 | 432.65 | 449.86 |
| Flexural Strength/MPa | 572.65 | 589.63 | 685.96 | 705.33 | 681.52 | 690.30 |
| Flexural modulus/MPa | 20876 | 19933 | 28931 | 29015 | 30657 | 28755 |
| Breakdown deflection/mm | 12.31 | 11.96 | 14.84 | 15.31 | 14.97 | 14.62 |
TABLE 5 impact resistance (GB/T1450.2-2005)
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Impact energy/J | 13.2 | 12.6 | 15.3 | 16.7 | 14.8 | 15.6 |
| Friction loss/J | 0.086 | 0.091 | 0.065 | 0.061 | 0.068 | 0.072 |
| Energy absorbed/J | 2.03 | 2.14 | 3.18 | 3.26 | 3.45 | 3.06 |
| Impact Strength (KJ/m)2) | 87.5 | 86.9 | 106.1 | 113.5 | 108.9 | 107.3 |
Note: speed 3.5m/s, pre-elevation angle 150 degrees.
TABLE 6 shear performance (GB/T1450.2-2005)
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Maximum force/N | 777.0 | 765.7 | 884.7 | 903.2 | 891.7 | 876.4 |
| Flexural Strength/MPa | 387.6 | 392.3 | 471.7 | 485.6 | 478.3 | 462.3 |
| Flexural modulus/MPa | 5726 | 5783 | 6931 | 7002 | 6977 | 6899 |
| Breakdown deflection/mm | 4.67 | 4.58 | 3.38 | 3.61 | 3.52 | 3.46 |
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. An impact-resistant composite material comprises continuous-phase multilayer fiber cloth and a filling-phase polyurethane elastomer, and is characterized in that the multilayer fiber cloth is formed by arranging plain fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals, and the total number of layers is 3-15.
2. The impact-resistant composite material of claim 1, wherein the plain weave fiber cloth and the twill weave fiber cloth each have a thickness of 0.05-0.35 mm; 1-3 layers between two adjacent layers of the whole fiber cloth are formed by splicing small fiber cloth.
3. The impact-resistant composite material of claim 2, wherein the small pieces of fiber cloth are uniformly laid in four identical pieces.
4. The impact-resistant composite material of claim 3, wherein two of the four pieces of fiber cloth in the transverse or vertical direction are covered by the same piece of fiber cloth.
5. The impact-resistant composite material of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the plain weave fiber cloths is independently selected from one of plain weave glass fiber cloth, plain weave basalt fiber cloth, plain weave carbon fiber cloth, or plain weave aramid cloth; each layer of the twill fiber cloth is independently selected from one of twill glass fiber cloth, twill basalt fiber cloth, twill carbon fiber cloth or twill aramid cloth.
6. The impact-resistant composite material of claim 5, wherein the polyurethane elastomer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 49-67% of amine mixture, 32-50% of polyurethane prepolymer and 1-6% of nano functional material;
the amine mixture comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of diol polyether amine D400, D2000 or D800, 2-10 parts of one or more of ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or polyethylene polyamine, 3-15 parts of one or more of m-phenylenediamine PDA, m-xylylenediamine MDA, diaminodiphenylmethane HT972, diethyltoluenediamine DETDA or diphenylDBTDA, 2-10 parts of isophorone diamine IPDA or isophorone diamine and polyol polymer, 35-20 parts of curing agent or curing agent 59590, 40 parts of curing agent T31 or curing agent T53110, 15 parts of polyisocyanate curing agent T6001 or curing agent 62003, 1-2 parts of one or more of ultraviolet absorbent UV531, UV326, UV327 or UV-p, 0.5-1 part of one or more of dispersant BYK5040, BYK1100 or BYK116, 0.5-1 part of one or more of antioxidant 1010, 1076, 1068, 1135 and 1157, 0.2 part of DF116 or DF8310.1 of defoaming agent and 5 parts of TP136 or TP15871 of toughening agent;
the polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 2-20 parts of MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate), 5-30 parts of MDI and polyol PG1000-2000 prepolymer, 2-30 parts of MDI and polyol PT1000-2000 prepolymer, 2-15 parts of hydrogenated HMDI (high molecular weight Dimethylene), 2-20 parts of one or more of HDI trimer, HT100, HT600 or N3390, 2-15 parts of HDI and polyol prepolymer with the molecular weight of 1000-;
the nano functional material is selected from one of carbon nano tube, graphene, multilayer graphite micro-sheet, graphite microsphere, nano fumed silica or carbon fiber.
7. A process for the preparation of an impact-resistant composite material as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment of nano-functional materials
Grinding the nano functional material for later use;
2. preparation of spray coating liquid
1) Preparing an amine mixture: adding an ultraviolet absorbent and amine components in parts by weight into a container, introducing nitrogen for protection, heating to 50 ℃ by adopting a water bath kettle, stirring at a low rotation speed of 600-;
3) preparing a polyurethane prepolymer: weighing each component of the polyurethane prepolymer according to the weight part, mixing the core components, stirring for 2-5h at 50-80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, adding the toughening agent and the anti-aging agent, stirring for 1-2h at 600 plus 800rpm, and adding the solvent for dilution for later use;
3. spray forming
And (2) preparing a plurality of layers of fiber cloth by arranging plain weave fiber cloth and twill fiber cloth at intervals in sequence, uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the step (2) according to a proportion, adding a curing agent in an amine mixture, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation dispersion for 10-30min at 20000Hz and 900W, then stirring and mixing for 30-60min at 800rpm with 600-plus of materials to finish blending, adopting high-pressure air-free SPU for spraying, wherein the spraying distance is 2-50cm, the spraying pressure is 5-16MPa, placing the plurality of layers of fiber cloth on a pressing plate after the spraying is finished, controlling the calendering temperature to be 40-70 ℃, and calendering for 4-12h to obtain the fiber cloth.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step 1 of pre-treating the nano-functional material is as follows: placing the nanometer functional material into a container, slowly dropwise adding 98% sulfuric acid and 70% nitric acid, dispersing for 30min by ultrasonic oscillation, carrying out magnetic stirring at 80 ℃, then carrying out suction filtration, drying a filter cake for 5h at 60-80 ℃, adding the crushed filter cake into a silane coupling agent KH570, soaking for 12h at normal temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration, drying for 6h at 60 ℃, and crushing to obtain the nanometer functional material containing hydroxyl and carboxyl, dissolving the nanometer functional material in a solvent to obtain a spinning stock solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained spinning stock solution, wherein the spinneret orifice of a spinneret is wedge-shaped, a high-voltage ionization coil is arranged right below the spinneret, and fibers collected on a receiving device are cut into short fibers.
9. An I-steel applied to a highway guardrail, a ship protective suspension or a container tower crane anti-collision beam, wherein the surface of the I-steel is provided with the anti-impact composite material prepared by the method of claim 8.
10. The impact-resistant composite material prepared by the method according to claim 8, wherein the impact-resistant composite material is applied to the protection of the collision-proof surface of a ship steel platform.
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