CN111567729A - 一种防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及保健食品领域，具体而言，涉及一种防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品及其制备方法。所述食品，按重量份计，主要由以下原料制成：黑藜麦40～60份、桑葚8～15份、肉桂1～2份、黑芝麻5～8份、黑枣5～8份以及黑枸杞6～9份，可在一定程度上防治糖尿病肾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品领域，具体而言，涉及一种防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
糖尿病肾病是糖尿病的主要微血管并发症，以蛋白尿和进行性肾功能不全为特征，随着糖尿病发病率的逐年升高，目前糖尿病肾病已成为严重危害人类健康的疾病，为终末期肾脏病的首要病因和主要死亡原因之一。但是，糖尿病肾病的发病机制复杂，具有进展迅速、病情难以控制的特点，目前为止，发病机制尚未完全阐明，普遍认为持续性高糖刺激诱导产生的氧化应激损伤是糖尿病肾病发病机制中的重要环节。大多可采取西医针剂和口服药、或者中药汤剂进行治疗。
然而，一方面，无论中药或西药均需要通过肾脏进行代谢，将分解产物排出体外，这样会对肾脏造成二次负担或伤害。另一方面，某些中药本身就具有肾毒性。开发一种对糖尿病肾病具有保护作用的功能饮食是十分有前景的。
有鉴于此，特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品，所述的健康食品可在一定程度上防治肾功能损伤。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种所述的防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品的制备方法，该方法操作简便。
为了实现本发明的上述目的，特采用以下技术方案：
一种防治防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品，按重量份计，主要由以下原料制成：黑藜麦40～60份、桑葚8～15份、肉桂1～2份、黑芝麻5～8份、黑枣5～8份以及黑枸杞6～9份。
上述的防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品的制备方法，包括：将各原料混合。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
通过特定的营养搭配，围绕黑藜麦进行合理配伍，以黑藜麦和桑葚为主要原料，并与其他成分合理搭配，兼顾营养和味道，从糖尿病的糖脂代谢病理基础出发，本发明健康食品可对肾脏起到保护作用，在糖尿病肾病的防治中具有重要作用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实验例中的小鼠肾脏组织免疫组化染色结果图：A：正常组；B：模型组；C：实施例组。
具体实施方式
一种防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品，按重量份计，主要由以下原料制成：黑藜麦40～60份、桑葚8～15份、肉桂1～2份、黑芝麻5～8份、黑枣5～8份以及黑枸杞6～9份。
藜麦(学名：Chenopodium quinoa Willd)分类属藜科，双子叶植物。一年生草本植物，植株呈扫帚状，株高在0.6～3m之间，穗状花序，花两性，自花授粉。原产于南美洲安第斯山区，是印加土著居民的主要传统食物。藜麦是***国际粮农组织(FAO)确认的唯一一种能满足人体基本营养需求的单体植物，被正式推荐为最适宜人类的完美“全营养食品”，具有“超级谷物”之美誉。
与其他颜色的藜麦相比，黑色藜麦具有最强的抗氧化活性,含有丰富的游离结合酚类化合物和甜菜素，甜菜素具有很强的自由基清除能力，黑色藜麦还是单独抗氧化剂如叶黄素和生育酚的良好膳食来源。
桑葚(拉丁名：Fructus Mori)别名桑葚子、桑椹、桑椹子、桑实、桑果，是桑科桑属多年生木本植物桑树的果实。因桑树特殊的生长环境使桑葚具有天然生长、无任何污染的特点，所以桑椹又被称为“民间圣果”。其含有多种功能性成分，如芦丁、花青素、白黎芦醇等，桑葚中所含的桑葚多糖对羟基自由基和超氧负离子自由基具有清除作用，阻断自由基反应链，桑葚的提取物含有丰富的酚类物质和色素，能显著提高抗氧化酶活性，具有一定的抗氧化及良好的防癌、抗衰老、抗溃疡、抗病毒等作用。
肉桂(拉丁学名:Cinnamomum cassia Presl)，又名玉桂、牡桂、玉树、大桂、辣桂、平安树、中国桂皮，为樟科植物肉桂的干燥树皮。中医认为，肉桂味辛、甘，性大热；归肾、脾、心、肝经；有补火助阳，引火归元，散寒止痛，温通经脉的功效。肉桂中主要含有肉桂精油、油树脂、黄酮类、多糖、多酚等多种生理活性物质，抗氧化能力也很强。
黑芝麻为胡麻科脂麻的黑色种子，含有大量的脂肪和蛋白质，还有糖类、维生素A、维生素E、卵磷脂、钙、铁、铬等营养成分，因其具有独特的营养保健价值，被***列入“药食同源”名单。中医中药理论认为，黑芝麻具有补肝肾、润五脏、益气力、长肌肉、填脑髓的作用。黑芝麻中含有丰富的维生素E，具有很强的抗氧化性，能够减少自由基的产生，消除老化的代谢产物。
黑枣学名君迁子(Diospyros Iotus Linn)，又名软枣(《本草纲目》)、牛奶枣(司马光《名苑》)、野柿子、丁香枣等，柿树科，柿属，落叶乔木。作为绿色食品的黑枣，果实黑色，味沙甜可口，营养价值非常高。黑枣中富含钙、铁、膳食纤维和果胶、单宁。单宁属于植物多酚类，具有良好的抗菌抗病毒、清除自由基抗氧化以及降血脂、血糖的作用。
黑枸杞又名黑果枸杞，属多年生野生灌木植物，皮熟后呈紫黑色。味甜多汁，性平，含有非常多的原始花色苷植物色素。含有丰富的氨基酸、脂肪、维生素C、维生素B1、原花青素、多糖、总黄酮等营养成分，具有很好的抗氧化活性及保健药用价值。
在一些实施例中，所述食品的原料按重量份计还可以为黑藜麦60份、桑葚9份、肉桂1份、黑芝麻5份、黑枣8份、黑枸杞6份；黑藜麦55份、桑葚8份、肉桂1份、黑芝麻6份、黑枣8份、黑枸杞7份；黑藜麦50份、桑葚9份、肉桂1份、黑芝麻6份、黑枣8份、黑枸杞8份；黑藜麦45份、桑葚10份、肉桂2份、黑芝麻8份、黑枣7份、黑枸杞9份；黑藜麦40份、桑葚13份、肉桂2份、黑芝麻7份、黑枣6份、黑枸杞8份等等(在以上范围内，结果基本一致)。
在一些实施方式中，所述食品主要由以下原料制成，按重量份计：黑藜麦45～55份、桑葚10～12份、肉桂1～2份、黑芝麻6～7份、黑枣6～7份以及黑枸杞6～9份。
在一些实施例中，所述食品的原料按重量份计还可以为黑藜麦58份、桑葚10份、肉桂2份、黑芝麻5份、黑枣8份、黑枸杞7份；黑藜麦48份、桑葚12份、肉桂1份、黑芝麻6份、黑枣7份、黑枸杞8份；黑藜麦40份、桑葚11份、肉桂1份、黑芝麻5份、黑枣6份、黑枸杞9份等等(在以上范围内，结果基本一致)。
在一些实施方式中，所述食品中各原料的粒径均小于198μm。
在一些实施方式中，所述食品中各原料的粒径均小于165μm。
在一些实施方式中，所述食品中还包括辅料和/或添加剂。
在一些实施方式中，所述辅料和/或添加剂占所述食品的质量百分比为1％～20％。
在一些实施例中，所述质量百分比还可以为2％、5％、8％、9％、10％、12％、15％、16％、18％等(此范围内结果基本一致)。
在一些实施方式中，所述添加剂包括植物油、山梨醇、木糖醇、葡萄糖、麦芽糖醇、二丁基羟基甲苯、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、谷胱甘肽、抗坏血酸、黄原胶、***胶、乙基羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、单硬脂酸甘油酯、甲基纤维素、硅酸铝镁、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠和苯甲酸的一种或多种。
上述添加剂从功能上分类包括稀释剂、助悬剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂、崩解剂、黏合剂和防腐剂等。
在一些实施方式中，所述食品的剂型选自粉剂、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液、散剂和袋泡茶的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中，所述食品的剂型为粉剂和/或片剂。
在一些实施方式中，所述片剂包括饼干、含片等。
在一些实施方式中，本发明为混合粉剂，可制成食品或保健食品，在上述成分的基础的上，直接或者再加入适当的食用或药用辅料或添加剂，可以制成胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、口服液、散剂、袋泡茶等。上述可以加入的食用或药用辅料或添加剂包括：稀释剂、助悬剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂、崩解剂、黏合剂和防腐剂。
本领域技术人员可以根据所需要制备的剂型，按照本领域该剂型的一般技术常识和要求，选择合适的上述辅料和/或添加剂，在上述成分的基础的上，将原料原粉或提取物直接或者再加入适当的食用或药用辅料或添加剂，并按照常规的制剂技术来制备，可以制成胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、口服液、散剂、袋泡茶等。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述的防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品的制备方法，包括：将各原料混合。
在一些实施方式中，所述食品中包括辅料和/或添加剂，将辅料和/或添加剂与所述原料混合。
在一些实施方式中，在所述混合后进行干燥。
在一些实施方式中，所述干燥的温度为80～110℃。
在一些实施方式中，所述干燥为喷雾干燥。
在一些实施方式中，以原料重量计，本发明食品的食用量为每日75～120g。
在一些实施例中，所述食用量还可以为80g、85g、90g、95g、100g、105g、110g、120g等(此范围内结果基本一致)。
本发明还涉及一种防治糖尿病肾病的方法，其包括给予个体有效剂量的上述健康食品。
在一些实施方式中，所述个体为动物。
在一些实施方式中，所述个体为灵长类动物。
在一些实施方式中，所述个体为人。
在一些实施方式中，所述个体还患有糖尿病。
在一些实施方式中，所述个体为肥胖个体。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1
称取以下原料：黑藜麦60g、桑葚11g、肉桂2g、黑芝麻5g、黑枣5g、黑枸杞7g，每种原料的粒径均小于198μm，并混合。
实施例2
称取以下原料：黑藜麦55g、桑葚10g、肉桂1g、黑芝麻7g、黑枣6g、黑枸杞8g，每种原料的粒径均小于165μm，加入制粒锅中混合，经压片机压片即得片剂。
实施例3
称取以下原料：黑藜麦45g、桑葚15g、肉桂1g、黑芝麻8g、黑枣7g、黑枸杞9g，每种原料的粒径均小于165μm，加入谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸共4g，混合。
实施例4
称取以下原料：黑藜麦40g、桑葚14g、肉桂2g、黑芝麻8g、黑枣7g、黑枸杞8g，每种原料的粒径均小于165μm，加入制粒锅中混合，封装即得固体饮料剂。
实施例5
称取以下原料：黑藜麦45g、桑葚13g、肉桂2g、黑芝麻5g、黑枣8g、黑枸杞9g，每种原料的粒径均小于165μm，混合。
实施例6
称取以下原料：黑藜麦50g、桑葚15g、肉桂2g、黑芝麻6g、黑枣7g、黑枸杞8g，每种原料的粒径均小于165μm，混合。
对比例1
将实施例5中的黑藜麦和黑枸杞的质量分别改为25g和20g，健康食品的总质量保持不变，即余下组分等量增加以保证总质量保持不变，其余均与实施例5相同。
对比例2
将实施例5中的黑藜麦组分删去，但健康食品的总质量保持不变，即余下组分等量增加以保证总质量保持不变，其余均与实施例5相同。
对比例3
按申请号为CN109953258A专利申请文件的具体实施方式中各组分比例制备与本申请实施例5等量的食品。
实验例
1.糖尿病肾病动物模型制备
选择ICR雄性小鼠若干只，正常饲料饲养4周后，随机选取11只作为正常组(继续正常饲料喂养)。其余小鼠给予高脂饲料喂养8周，禁食12小时后给予小鼠STZ 100mg/kg STZ腹腔注射，正常组予以同体积柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液。7天后小鼠尾静脉采血，以空腹血糖＞11.1mmol/L，尿微量白蛋白＞20mg/L，判定糖尿病肾病小鼠模型造模成功。
2.分组及给药方法
将符合糖尿病肾病模型标准的小鼠根据血糖、体重随机分组，分为模型组11只，护肾饮食组44只。其中护肾饮食组又分为实施例组、对比组1、对比组2和对比组3各11只，每日清晨分别给予各组小鼠本发明实施例5、对比例1、对比例2和对比例3中制备得到的食品3克/只，其余时间给予高脂饲料。给予正常组普通饲料6克/只/天，模型组小鼠高脂饲料6克/只/天，共喂养6周。
3.血清指标检测及标本采集与处理
小鼠麻醉后摘眼球取血，室温静置2小时后离心，取上层血清检测尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)水平。小鼠处死后取双侧肾脏，用0.9％生理盐水溶液清洗表面血液，滤纸吸干肾脏表面残留溶液后进行称重，取部分肾脏组织固定于***溶液中用于后续HE染色。
4.肾脏组织形态学观察
取经***溶液固定后的肾脏组织，经乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明、石蜡包埋、制成石蜡切片，HE染色后在显微镜下观察。
5.统计学方法
数据以均数±标准差(x±s)表示。运用SPSS20.0软件，对数据做正态性检验和方差齐性检验，两项均符合，采用单因素方差分析(One-Way,ANOVA)进行统计计算。以P<0.05作为差异具有统计学意义。
6.结果
6.1各组小鼠肾功能比较
从表1中可以看出，实施例组小鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)水平和肌酐(Cr)水平明显下降，与糖尿病肾病模型组相比明显降低(P<0.01)，差异具有统计学意义。而各对比组效果不明显。
表1小鼠肾功能比较(x±s；n＝11)
注：与模型组相比，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与正常组相比，△P＜0.05，△△P＜0.01。
6.2各组小鼠肾脏组织形态比较
取正常组、实施例组和模型组小鼠的肾脏进行HE染色后显微镜下观察。在正常组中，可见肾脏形态结构完整，肾小球与肾小管排列规则。在糖尿病肾病模型小鼠中，肾组织形态学观察显示肾小球明显肥大，毛细血管基底膜增厚，肾小球系膜基质增生，肾小管上皮细胞空泡化。然而，实施例组中肾脏损伤病变与模型组相比均显著减少，表明本发明的健康食品能明显减轻肾小管上皮细胞空泡现象以及肾小球肥大(结果见图1，A：正常组；B：模型组；C：实施例组)。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品，其特征在于，按重量份计，主要由以下原料制成：黑藜麦40～60份、桑葚8～15份、肉桂1～2份、黑芝麻5～8份、黑枣5～8份以及黑枸杞6～9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的食品，其特征在于，所述食品主要由以下原料制成，按重量份计：黑藜麦45～55份、桑葚10～12份、肉桂1～2份、黑芝麻6～7份、黑枣6～7份以及黑枸杞6～9份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的食品，其特征在于，所述食品中各原料的粒径均小于198μm，优选小于165μm。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的食品，其特征在于，所述食品中还包括辅料和/或添加剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的食品，其特征在于，所述辅料和/或添加剂占所述食品的质量百分比为1％～20％。
6.根据权利要求4所述的食品，其特征在于，所述添加剂包括植物油、山梨醇、木糖醇、葡萄糖、麦芽糖醇、二丁基羟基甲苯、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、谷胱甘肽、抗坏血酸、黄原胶、***胶、乙基羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、单硬脂酸甘油酯、甲基纤维素、硅酸铝镁、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠和苯甲酸的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的食品，其特征在于，所述食品的剂型选自粉剂、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液、散剂和袋泡茶的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的食品，其特征在于，所述食品的剂型为粉剂和/或片剂。
9.权利要求1～8任一项所述的防治糖尿病肾病的健康食品的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：将各原料混合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在混合后进行干燥；优选的，所述干燥的温度为80～110℃；
优选的，所述干燥为喷雾干燥。
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| CN107897670A (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-13 | 梁劲松 | 一种补肾益气杂粮粉及其制备方法 |
| CN109953258A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-02 | 山东御膳世家生物科技有限公司 | 一种黑益生营养品及其制备方法 |
| CN109430691A (zh) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-08 | 李林生 | 一种五脏同调降糖稳糖养生餐及其制备方法 |
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| CN114617237A (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-14 | 新疆林业测试中心 | 一种桑葚降糖膏及其制备方法 |
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