CN111564879A - Automobile low-voltage energy management device and method - Google Patents
Automobile low-voltage energy management device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111564879A CN111564879A CN202010435031.5A CN202010435031A CN111564879A CN 111564879 A CN111564879 A CN 111564879A CN 202010435031 A CN202010435031 A CN 202010435031A CN 111564879 A CN111564879 A CN 111564879A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an automobile low-voltage energy management device and method, and belongs to the technical field of automobiles. The low-voltage energy management system solves the problem that the charge and discharge current of the storage battery inevitably exists in the existing low-voltage energy management system, so that low-voltage energy loss is caused. The low-voltage energy management device for the automobile comprises a DCDC converter, a DC converter and a control unit, wherein the DCDC converter is used for converting high voltage of a power battery pack into low voltage and charging a storage battery; the isolation switch module is used for collecting the electric quantity of the storage battery and controlling the isolation disconnection/connection of the storage battery and a whole vehicle low-voltage system; and the vehicle control unit is used for controlling the output voltage of the DCDC converter to enable the storage battery to be in an open-circuit state when the vehicle high-voltage system is in a Ready state, and is also used for controlling the isolation switch module to be closed when the electric quantity of the storage battery collected by the isolation switch module is lower than a preset minimum electric quantity, so that the DCDC converter charges the storage battery until the storage battery is fully charged. A low-voltage energy management method for the automobile is also provided. The invention can accurately control the charging of the storage battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and relates to an automobile low-voltage energy management device and method.
Background
With the increasing requirements of national standards on the oil consumption/power consumption limit of vehicles, the energy management of the whole vehicle is more and more emphasized. And because the new energy vehicle is added with a direct current converter (DC/DC), the 12V low-voltage energy management of the whole vehicle is realized.
The scheme of low-voltage energy management commonly used in the industry at present is shown in fig. 3, and is also disclosed as a vehicle low-voltage battery management method and a system thereof in chinese patent literature. In fig. 3, a storage battery sensor (IBS) is added to the positive electrode of a 12V storage battery to acquire information such as the voltage of the 12V storage battery and soc, and transmit the information to a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU), and the VCU adjusts the output voltage of the DC/DC according to the information to control the charging/discharging state of the 12V storage battery by low-voltage output, so as to achieve the purpose of energy management.
In addition, by analyzing the current commonly used low-voltage energy management scheme, the main defect of the method is that when the parameters of the 12V storage battery are collected, the storage battery is positioned in a circuit loop and has certain charging/discharging current, so that the tested parameters are inaccurate, the control of DC/DC is influenced, and the accuracy of the charging control of the storage battery is reduced; and the DC/DC output voltage is limited by the voltage of the storage battery, and the output voltage is generally lower, so that the line loss and the energy consumption of a 12V power line are higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for managing low-voltage energy of an automobile aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the device and the method for managing the low-voltage energy of the automobile aim to solve the technical problems that: how to precisely control the charging of the storage battery.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an automobile low pressure energy management device, is including connecting the DCDC converter between battery and whole car low voltage system, the DCDC converter is used for changing power battery group high voltage into the low-voltage and is used for charging the battery, its characterized in that still includes:
the isolation sampling module is used for being connected between the storage battery and the DCDC converter, collecting the current voltage of the storage battery and controlling the isolation disconnection/connection of the storage battery and a whole vehicle low-voltage system; the whole vehicle controller is used for controlling the DCDC converter to output a discharge voltage which can enable the storage battery to be in an open circuit state through the isolation sampling module when a whole vehicle high-voltage system is in a Ready state, and is also used for controlling the isolation sampling module to be closed when the current voltage of the storage battery acquired by the isolation sampling module is lower than a preset lowest voltage, so that the DCDC converter charges the storage battery until the storage battery is fully charged.
The working principle of the low-voltage energy management device of the automobile is as follows: and when the vehicle control unit judges that the vehicle high-voltage system is in the Ready state, the vehicle control unit controls the discharge voltage output by the DCDC converter and the on-off state of the isolation sampling module. For example, the discharge voltage output by the DCDC converter is set to be greater than the voltage of the storage battery in a full-charge state, and the DCDC output voltage is higher than the voltage of the storage battery, so that the storage battery can be isolated and disconnected from a low-voltage system of the whole vehicle by the isolation sampling module; the low-voltage system of the whole vehicle is provided with a power supply by the output of the DCDC converter, at the moment, the storage battery is in an isolated state, no charging and discharging current exists, the measured voltage of the storage battery is the open-circuit voltage, and the electric quantity state of the storage battery can be accurately calculated according to the open-circuit voltage; the vehicle control unit compares the current voltage of the storage battery with the preset lowest voltage, outputs a control signal to the isolation sampling module when the current voltage of the storage battery is lower than the preset lowest voltage, the isolation sampling module is closed according to the control signal, so that a circuit of the DCDC converter for charging the storage battery is switched on, the storage battery is charged through the DCDC converter, and when the storage battery is charged to a full-power state, the vehicle control unit controls the isolation sampling module to switch off the circuit of the DCDC converter for charging the storage battery. This car low pressure energy management device can be when whole car high-voltage system is in Ready state through the setting of keeping apart sampling module, makes the battery be in the isolated state, avoids the battery excessive charge/discharge, simultaneously, because the battery does not have charge-discharge current this moment, can accurately calculate the battery power state according to open circuit voltage to the switching of sampling module is kept apart in the control controls the battery charge-discharge, this operation is because the accuracy of battery current voltage obtains, the accurate control to the charging of battery has effectively been improved.
In the above-mentioned low-voltage energy management device for the automobile, the isolation sampling module includes a diode D1, an isolating switch, a sampling circuit for collecting the current voltage of the battery, and a driving circuit for driving the isolating switch to open and close, the diode D1 is connected in parallel with the isolating switch, the driving circuit is connected with the isolating switch, the driving circuit and the sampling circuit are both connected with the vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit is configured to output a control signal to the driving circuit when the current voltage of the battery collected by the sampling circuit is lower than a preset minimum voltage, and the driving circuit is configured to control the isolating switch to be closed according to the control signal output by the vehicle control unit, so that the DCDC converter charges the battery until the battery is fully charged. The diode D1 has a one-way conduction function, and can enable the storage battery to be in an isolation state when the output voltage of the DCDC converter is higher than the current voltage of the storage battery and the isolating switch is in an off state; after the storage battery is in an isolated state, the output voltage of the DCDC converter can be controlled to be increased, and the line loss is reduced; the setting of the isolating switch is closed when the current voltage of the storage battery is lower than the preset lowest voltage, so that the DCDC converter is connected with the circuit of the storage battery, and the storage battery is charged.
In the above low-voltage energy management device for the automobile, the isolating switch is a relay, a normally open switch of the relay is connected in parallel with the diode D1, and a coil of the relay is connected with the vehicle control unit through the driving circuit.
In the foregoing low-voltage energy management apparatus for an automobile, the low-voltage energy management apparatus for an automobile further includes a timer disposed inside the vehicle control unit, where the vehicle control unit is configured to calculate a charging duration when the storage battery is fully charged according to a current voltage of the storage battery, an open-circuit voltage of the storage battery in a fully charged state, and a charging voltage output by the DCDC converter when the current voltage of the storage battery is lower than a preset minimum voltage, so as to control the timer to time until the calculated charging duration. The charging time of the storage battery is controlled through the timer, so that the problem that the current voltage of the storage battery is inaccurate to detect due to the charging current when the storage battery is in a charging state can be avoided, and the accuracy of charging control of the storage battery can be improved through the setting of the timer.
In the above low-voltage energy management device for the vehicle, the vehicle control unit is further connected with a temperature sensor for detecting an ambient temperature, and the vehicle control unit corrects the charging duration through the ambient temperature detected by the temperature sensor. The charging and discharging capacity of the storage battery is influenced by the ambient temperature, so that the charging time can be increased or reduced according to the charging efficiency of the storage battery under the ambient temperature on the calculated charging time by the temperature sensor, more accurate charging time can be obtained, the charging control accuracy of the storage battery is improved, and the situation that the storage battery is overcharged or is not fully charged is avoided.
A low-voltage energy management method for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. the state of the whole vehicle high-voltage system is judged through the whole vehicle controller (1), and when the whole vehicle high-voltage system is judged to be in a Ready state, the DCDC converter is controlled to output a discharge voltage which is used for enabling the storage battery to be in an isolated state through the isolation sampling module;
B. collecting the current voltage of the storage battery through an isolation sampling module;
C. the current voltage acquired by the isolation sampling module is judged by the vehicle control unit, when the current voltage of the storage battery is lower than the preset lowest voltage, the isolation sampling module is controlled to be connected with the storage battery and a charging circuit of the DCDC converter, and the storage battery is charged by the DCDC converter until the storage battery is fully charged; when the current voltage of the storage battery is higher than the preset minimum voltage, the storage battery and a charging circuit of the DCDC converter are kept in an off state through the isolation sampling module.
The working principle of the automobile low-voltage energy management method is as follows: when the finished automobile controller judges that the high-voltage system of the automobile is in Ready state, the output voltage of the DCDC converter is controlled, the on-off state of the isolation sampling module is controlled, the storage battery is in an isolated state, namely a circuit for supplying power to the finished automobile low-voltage system by the storage battery is disconnected, and the voltage is output by the DCDC converter to provide power for the finished automobile low-voltage system; when the DCDC converter normally supplies power to a low-voltage system of the whole vehicle, the isolation sampling module detects the current voltage of the storage battery in real time, at the moment, the storage battery is in an isolation state and has no charge and discharge current, the detected voltage of the storage battery is open-circuit voltage, the electric quantity state of the storage battery can be accurately calculated according to the open-circuit voltage, and the guarantee is provided for the subsequent accurate control of the charging of the storage battery; the current voltage of the storage battery is compared with the preset lowest voltage through the vehicle control unit, a control signal is output to the isolation sampling module when the current voltage of the storage battery is lower than the preset lowest voltage, the isolation sampling module is closed according to the control signal, the circuit of the DCDC converter for charging the storage battery is switched on, the storage battery is charged through the DCDC converter, the vehicle control unit controls the isolation sampling module to switch off the circuit of the DCDC converter for charging the storage battery when the storage battery is charged to a full-charge state, when the detected current voltage of the storage battery is not lower than the preset lowest voltage, the isolation sampling module is not controlled, and the isolation sampling module is kept in a disconnected state. The automobile low-voltage energy management method can enable the storage battery to be in an isolated state, and can ensure the accuracy of the acquired current voltage of the storage battery, so that the isolation sampling module is accurately controlled to be opened and closed to control the storage battery to be charged, and the accuracy of charging control of the storage battery is effectively improved.
In the above-mentioned low-voltage energy management method for a vehicle, in the step C, the step of charging the battery through the DCDC converter includes: when the current voltage of the storage battery is lower than the preset minimum voltage, the vehicle control unit controls the DCDC converter to output a charging voltage for charging the storage battery, and calculates the charging time when the storage battery is fully charged according to the charging voltage and the acquired current voltage of the storage battery and the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery in a full-charge state; the vehicle control unit controls the timer to start timing while controlling the DCDC converter to charge the storage battery, and controls the isolation sampling module to be disconnected when the calculated charging time is reached, so that the storage battery and a charging circuit of the DCDC converter are disconnected. Whether the storage battery is fully charged or not is judged by calculating the charging duration when the storage battery is fully charged, so that the on-off of the isolation sampling module is controlled.
In the above-mentioned low-voltage energy management method for the vehicle, the magnitude of the discharge voltage output by the DCDC converter is controlled to be larger than the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery in the full-charge state. The discharging voltage output by the DCDC converter is set, and under the action of the isolation sampling module, the storage battery is ensured to be in an isolation state, namely, the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery can be accurately detected at the moment.
In the above-mentioned method for managing low-voltage energy of an automobile, in the step C, after the charging time period when the storage battery is fully charged is calculated, the ambient temperature is detected by the temperature sensor, and the charging time period is corrected according to the detected ambient temperature. The charging and discharging capacity of the storage battery is influenced by the ambient temperature, so that more accurate charging time can be obtained by setting the temperature sensor, the charging time is increased or reduced according to the charging efficiency of the storage battery under the ambient temperature in the calculated charging time, the charging control accuracy of the storage battery is improved, and the situation that the storage battery is overcharged or is not fully charged is avoided.
In the method for managing the low-voltage energy of the automobile, the isolation sampling module comprises a diode D1, an isolation switch, a sampling circuit connected with the vehicle control unit and used for collecting the voltage of the storage battery, and a driving circuit used for driving the isolation switch to be switched on and off, the diode D1 and the isolation switch are connected to a connecting line of the storage battery and the DCDC converter in parallel, the driving circuit is connected with the isolation switch, the voltage of the storage battery collected by the sampling circuit is judged through the vehicle control unit, a control signal is output to the driving circuit when the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the preset lowest voltage, the isolation switch is controlled to be switched on through the driving circuit according to the control signal output by the vehicle control unit, and the storage battery is. A unidirectional conduction function of the diode D1, which can isolate the battery when the output voltage of the DCDC converter is higher than the voltage of the battery and the isolating switch is in an off state; after the storage battery is in an isolated state, the output voltage of the DCDC converter can be controlled to be increased, and the line loss is reduced; the setting of isolator is closed when battery voltage is less than predetermineeing minimum voltage, makes the circuit switch-on of DCDC converter and battery to charge for the battery, break off when the battery is full of charge or battery voltage is higher than predetermineeing minimum voltage.
Compared with the prior art, the low-voltage energy management device and the low-voltage energy management method for the automobile have the advantages that:
1. after the DCDC converter starts low-voltage output, the storage battery is isolated from a low-voltage loop through the isolation sampling module, no charging/discharging current exists, the measured voltage of the storage battery is open-circuit voltage, the electric quantity state of the storage battery can be accurately calculated according to the open-circuit voltage, the accuracy of obtaining the electric quantity state of the storage battery is achieved, and the charging of the storage battery can be accurately controlled; meanwhile, the arrangement of the isolation sampling module can increase the discharge voltage output by the DCDC converter, so that the line loss of the system is reduced.
2. According to the invention, the charging time length of the full charge of the storage battery is calculated, meanwhile, the charging time length is corrected by acquiring the ambient temperature, so that the charging time length is accurately acquired, whether the storage battery is fully charged or not is judged by the charging time length, so that the on-off of the isolation sampling module is controlled, and the charging accuracy of the storage battery can be further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a control flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art structure.
In the figure, 1, a vehicle control unit; 2. a DCDC converter; 3. an isolation sampling module; 31. a sampling circuit; 32. a drive circuit; 4. a storage battery; 5. a vehicle low-voltage system; 6. a timer; 7. a temperature sensor; 8. a relay; 81. a coil; 82. a normally open switch.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-voltage energy management device for the automobile comprises a DCDC converter 2 connected between a storage battery 4 and a low-voltage system 5 of the whole automobile, wherein the DCDC converter 2 is used for converting high voltage of a power battery pack into low voltage and charging the storage battery 4;
the isolation sampling module 3 is used for being connected between the storage battery 4 and the DCDC converter 2, collecting the current voltage of the storage battery 4 and controlling the isolation disconnection/connection of the storage battery 4 and the whole vehicle low-voltage system 5;
the vehicle control unit 1 is configured to control the DCDC converter 2 to output a discharge voltage capable of enabling the storage battery 4 to be in an open circuit state through the isolation sampling module 3 when the vehicle high-voltage system is in a Ready state, and the vehicle control unit 1 is further configured to control the isolation sampling module 3 to be closed when the current voltage of the storage battery 4 acquired by the isolation sampling module 3 is lower than a preset minimum voltage, so that the DCDC converter 2 charges the storage battery 4 until the storage battery is fully charged.
As a preferred scheme, the isolation sampling module 3 includes a diode D1, an isolation switch, a sampling circuit 31 for collecting the current voltage of the battery 4, and a driving circuit 32 for driving the isolation switch to open and close, the diode D1 is connected in parallel with the isolation switch, the driving circuit 32 is connected with the isolation switch, both the driving circuit 32 and the sampling circuit 31 are connected with the vehicle control unit 1, the vehicle control unit 1 is configured to output a control signal to the driving circuit 32 when the voltage of the battery 4 collected by the sampling circuit 31 is lower than a preset minimum voltage, and the driving circuit 32 is configured to control the isolation switch to be closed according to the control signal output by the vehicle control unit 1, so that the DCDC converter 2 charges the battery 4 until the battery is fully charged. A one-way conduction function of the diode D1, which can isolate the battery 4 when the output voltage of the DCDC converter 2 is higher than the current voltage of the battery 4 and the isolating switch is in an off state; after the storage battery 4 is in an isolated state, the output voltage of the DCDC converter 2 can be controlled to be increased, and the line loss is reduced; the setting of the isolating switch is closed when the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is lower than the preset minimum voltage, so that the DCDC converter 2 is connected with the line of the storage battery 4, and the storage battery 4 is charged.
The isolating switch can be a physical circuit breaker or a semiconductor circuit breaker structure combined with power electronic devices; preferably, the isolation switch is a relay 8, a normally open switch 82 of the relay 8 is connected in parallel with a diode D1, and a coil 81 of the relay 8 is connected with the vehicle control unit 1 through the driving circuit 32.
The diode D1 can be a single-chip high-power diode, or a circuit structure with diode one-way conduction characteristic combined with power electronic devices;
the sampling circuit 31 is used for collecting the voltage of the storage battery 4 through a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, wherein one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the storage battery 4, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with one end of a resistor R2 and the vehicle control unit 1, and the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded;
the driving circuit 32 is composed of a triode Q1 and a resistor R3, the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the vehicle control unit 1 through the resistor R3, the emitter electrode of the triode Q1 is grounded, and the collector electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the isolating switch. Preferably, when the isolation switch is the relay 8, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the coil 81 of the relay 8, and the other end of the coil 81 of the relay 8 is connected to the voltage VCC.
Preferably, the vehicle low-voltage energy management device further includes a timer 6 disposed inside the vehicle controller 1, and the vehicle controller 1 is configured to calculate a charging duration when the storage battery 4 is fully charged according to the current voltage of the storage battery 4, the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery 4 in the fully charged state, and the charging voltage output by the DCDC converter 2 when the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is lower than the preset minimum voltage, so as to control the timer 6 to time until the calculated charging duration. The charging time of the storage battery 4 is controlled by the timer 6, so that the problem that the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is detected inaccurately due to the existence of charging current when the storage battery 4 is in a charging state can be avoided, and the setting of the timer 6 can improve the accuracy of the charging control of the storage battery 4.
Preferably, the vehicle control unit 1 is further connected with a temperature sensor 7 for detecting an ambient temperature, and the vehicle control unit 1 corrects the charging time period through the ambient temperature detected by the temperature sensor 7. The charging and discharging capacity of the storage battery 4 is influenced by the ambient temperature, so that the charging time can be increased or decreased according to the charging efficiency of the storage battery 4 at the ambient temperature on the calculated charging time by the arrangement of the temperature sensor 7, and more accurate charging time can be obtained, so that the charging control accuracy of the storage battery 4 is improved, and the situation that the storage battery 4 is overcharged or is not fully charged is avoided.
As shown in fig. 2, the low-voltage energy management method for the automobile comprises the following steps:
A. the state of the whole vehicle high-voltage system is judged through the whole vehicle controller, and when the whole vehicle high-voltage system is judged to be in a Ready state, the DCDC converter 2 is controlled to output a discharge voltage for enabling the storage battery 4 to be in an isolated state through the isolation sampling module 3;
B. the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is collected through the isolation sampling module 3;
C. the current voltage collected by the isolation sampling module 3 is judged through the vehicle control unit 1, when the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is lower than the preset minimum voltage, the isolation sampling module 3 is controlled to be connected with the charging circuits of the storage battery 4 and the DCDC converter 2, the storage battery 4 is charged through the DCDC converter 2 until the storage battery 4 is fully charged, and when the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is higher than the preset minimum voltage, the charging circuits of the storage battery 4 and the DCDC converter 2 are kept in a disconnected state through the isolation sampling module 3.
Preferably, in step C, the step of charging the battery 4 through the DCDC converter 2 includes: when the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is lower than the preset lowest voltage, the vehicle control unit 1 controls the DCDC converter 2 to output a charging voltage for charging the storage battery 4, and calculates the charging time when the storage battery 4 is fully charged according to the charging voltage and the acquired current voltage of the storage battery 4 and the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery 4 in the full-charge state; the vehicle control unit 1 controls the timer 6 to start timing while controlling the DCDC converter 2 to charge the storage battery 4, and controls the isolation sampling module 3 to be disconnected when the calculated charging time is reached, so that the charging circuit of the storage battery 4 and the DCDC converter 2 is disconnected. Whether the storage battery 4 is fully charged or not is judged by calculating the charging time when the storage battery 4 is fully charged, so that the on-off of the isolation sampling module 3 is controlled, the operation can be avoided, the condition that the storage battery 4 is in a charging state, if the storage battery 4 is fully charged or not is judged by detecting the current voltage of the storage battery 4, the problem that the voltage detection of the storage battery 4 is inaccurate due to the interference of the charging current exists at the moment can be avoided, the charging of the storage battery 4 can be accurately controlled by the application of the timer 6, and the situation that the overcharge or the non-full charge are avoided.
Preferably, the charging time period is calculated by using the charging voltage output by the DCDC converter 2 as the magnitude of the discharging voltage.
Preferably, the magnitude of the discharge voltage output by the DCDC converter 2 is controlled to be larger than the open-circuit voltage of the battery 4 in the fully charged state. Through setting up the discharge voltage of DCDC converter 2 output, and under the effect of keeping apart sampling module 3, guarantee that battery 4 is in isolation state, can accurately detect the open circuit voltage of battery 4 this moment promptly.
Preferably, in step C, after the charging period when the storage battery 4 is fully charged is calculated, the ambient temperature is detected by the temperature sensor 7, and the charging period is corrected according to the magnitude of the detected ambient temperature. The charging and discharging capacity of the storage battery 4 is influenced by the ambient temperature, so that the more accurate charging time can be obtained by the arrangement of the temperature sensor 7, the charging time is increased or decreased according to the charging efficiency of the storage battery 4 at the ambient temperature on the calculated charging time, the charging control accuracy of the storage battery 4 is improved, and the situation that the storage battery 4 is overcharged or is not fully charged is avoided.
Preferably, the low-voltage energy management method for the automobile further comprises the steps of obtaining the distance duration according to a destination set in the navigation system, controlling the magnitude of the charging voltage output by the DCDC converter 2 according to the distance duration, adjusting the charging voltage output by the DCDC converter 2 through the vehicle control unit 1 when the distance duration is smaller than the charging duration, and directly charging the storage battery 4 according to the determined charging voltage when the distance duration is larger than the charging duration.
As a preferred scheme, the isolation sampling module 3 includes a diode D1, an isolation switch, a sampling circuit 31 connected to the vehicle controller 1 and used for collecting the voltage of the battery 4, and a driving circuit 32 used for driving the isolation switch to open and close, the diode D1 is connected to a connection line between the battery 4 and the DCDC converter 2 in parallel with the isolation switch, the driving circuit 32 is connected to the isolation switch, the vehicle controller 1 determines the voltage of the battery 4 collected by the sampling circuit 31, when the voltage of the battery 4 is lower than a preset minimum voltage, a control signal is output to the driving circuit 32, the driving circuit 32 controls the isolation switch to be closed according to the control signal output by the vehicle controller 1, and the battery 4 is charged through the DCDC converter 2 until the battery is fully charged. The diode D1 has a unidirectional conduction function of allowing the battery 4 to be in an isolated state when the output voltage of the DCDC converter 2 is higher than the voltage of the battery 4 and the isolating switch is in an off state; when the storage battery 4 is in an isolated state, the output voltage of the DCDC converter 2 can be controlled to be increased, and the line loss is reduced; the setting of isolator, it is closed when 4 voltages of battery are less than preset minimum voltage, make DCDC converter 2 and 4 lines switch on of battery to charge for battery 4, break off when 4 voltages of battery are full of charge or 4 voltages of battery are higher than preset minimum voltage.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the operating principle of the low-voltage energy management device and method for the automobile is as follows: the vehicle control unit 1 judges the current state of the vehicle high-voltage system, when the current state of the vehicle high-voltage system is judged to be in a Ready state, the vehicle control unit 1 controls the discharge voltage output by the DCDC converter 2 to be the voltage capable of enabling the storage battery 4 to be in an isolated open-circuit state, if the discharge voltage is set to be larger than the current voltage of the storage battery 4, the discharge voltage is preferably controlled to be larger than the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery 4 in a full-charge state, at the moment, because the diode is arranged between the storage battery 4 and the DCDC converter 2, the discharge voltage output by the DCDC converter 2 is larger than the current voltage of the storage battery 4, and because of the unidirectional conduction function of the diode, the power supply circuit of the storage battery 4 and the vehicle low-voltage system 5 is disconnected, and the voltage output by; when the DCDC converter 2 normally supplies power to the low-voltage system 5 of the whole vehicle, the sampling circuit 31 detects the current voltage of the storage battery 4 in real time, at the moment, the storage battery 4 is in an isolated state and has no charge and discharge current, the detected voltage of the storage battery 4 is an open-circuit voltage, the electric quantity state of the storage battery 4 can be accurately calculated according to the open-circuit voltage, and the guarantee is provided for the subsequent accurate control of the charging of the storage battery 4; the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is compared with the preset lowest voltage through the vehicle control unit 1, and when the current voltage of the storage battery 4 is lower than the preset lowest voltage, a control signal is output to the isolating switch, preferably, the isolating switch adopts a relay 8, after a coil 81 of the relay 8 receives the control signal, a normally open switch 82 is attracted, so that a circuit for charging the storage battery 4 by the DCDC converter 2 is switched on, and at the moment, the DCDC converter 2 charges the storage battery 4 while supplying power to the low-voltage system 5 of the whole vehicle; while the vehicle control unit 1 controls the DCDC converter 2 to charge the storage battery 4, the vehicle control unit 1 calculates a charging time period for controlling the full charge of the storage battery 4 according to the acquired current voltage of the storage battery 4, the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery 4 in a full-charge state and the set charging voltage of the DCDC converter 2, wherein the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery 4 in the full-charge state can be prestored according to the capacity of the storage battery 4, and the charging voltage can be directly calculated according to the numerical value of the discharging voltage or other charging voltage numerical values are set to calculate the charging time period; preferably, the charging time duration is further modified according to the ambient temperature collected by the temperature sensor 7, such as decreasing or increasing the charging time duration; the vehicle control unit 1 controls the DCDC converter 2 to charge the storage battery 4, controls the timer 6 to start timing, and when the timer 6 counts the charging time, the vehicle control unit 1 controls the disconnecting switch to be disconnected, namely, a line for charging the storage battery 4 by the DCDC converter 2 is disconnected, so that the phenomenon of overcharge of the storage battery 4 is avoided.
When the current voltage of the storage battery 4 detected by the sampling circuit 31 is not lower than the preset minimum voltage, the isolating switch is not controlled, and the storage battery 4 is kept in an isolated state under the action of the diode, namely, a power supply loop between the storage battery 4 and the whole vehicle low-voltage system 5 is disconnected. The automobile low-voltage energy management device and the method thereof can enable the storage battery 4 to be in an isolation state, and can ensure the accuracy of the acquired current voltage of the storage battery 4, so that the isolation sampling module 3 is accurately controlled to be opened and closed to control the storage battery 4 to be charged, and the accuracy of charging control on the storage battery 4 is effectively improved.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An automobile low-voltage energy management device, comprising a DCDC converter (2) connected between a storage battery (4) and a whole automobile low-voltage system (5), wherein the DCDC converter (2) is used for converting a power battery pack high voltage into a low voltage and for charging the storage battery (4), and is characterized by further comprising:
the isolation sampling module (3) is connected between the storage battery (4) and the DCDC converter (2), collects the current voltage of the storage battery (4) and controls the isolation disconnection/connection of the storage battery and a finished automobile low-voltage system (5);
the whole vehicle controller (1) is used for controlling the DCDC converter (2) to output a discharge voltage which can enable the storage battery (4) to be in an open circuit state through the isolation sampling module (3) when a whole vehicle high-voltage system is in a Ready state, and the whole vehicle controller (1) is also used for controlling the isolation sampling module (3) to be closed when the current voltage of the storage battery (4) acquired by the isolation sampling module (3) is lower than a preset lowest voltage, so that the DCDC converter (2) charges the storage battery (4) until the storage battery is fully charged.
2. The low-voltage energy management device of the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that the isolation sampling module (3) comprises a diode D1, an isolation switch, a sampling circuit (31) for collecting the current voltage of the storage battery (4) and a driving circuit (32) for driving the isolation switch to open and close, the diode D1 is connected in parallel with a disconnector to which the driver circuit (32) is connected, the driving circuit (32) and the sampling circuit (31) are both connected with the whole vehicle controller (1), the vehicle control unit (1) is used for outputting a control signal to the driving circuit (32) when the current voltage of the storage battery (4) acquired by the sampling circuit (31) is lower than a preset minimum voltage, the drive circuit (32) is used for controlling the isolation switch to be closed according to a control signal output by the vehicle control unit (1), thereby causing the DCDC converter (2) to charge the battery (4) until full charge.
3. The automotive low-voltage energy management device according to claim 2, characterized in that the isolating switch is a relay (8), a normally open switch (82) of the relay (8) is connected in parallel with a diode D1, and a coil (81) of the relay (8) is connected with the vehicle control unit (1) through a driving circuit (32).
4. The vehicle low-voltage energy management device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, further comprising a timer (6) disposed inside the vehicle controller (1), wherein the vehicle controller (1) is configured to calculate a charging duration when the storage battery (4) is fully charged according to the current voltage of the storage battery (4), the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery (4) in the fully charged state, and the charging voltage output by the DCDC converter (2) when the current voltage of the storage battery (4) is lower than a preset minimum voltage, so as to control the timer (6) to count until the calculated charging duration.
5. The low-voltage energy management device for the automobile according to claim 4, wherein the vehicle control unit (1) is further connected with a temperature sensor (7) for detecting an ambient temperature, and the vehicle control unit (1) corrects the charging time period according to the ambient temperature detected by the temperature sensor (7).
6. A low-voltage energy management method for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. the state of the whole vehicle high-voltage system is judged through the whole vehicle controller (1), and when the whole vehicle high-voltage system is judged to be in a Ready state, the DCDC converter (2) is controlled to output a discharge voltage for enabling the storage battery (4) to be in an isolated state through the isolation sampling module (3);
B. the current voltage of the storage battery (4) is collected through the isolation sampling module (3);
C. the current voltage collected by the isolation sampling module (3) is judged through the vehicle control unit (1), when the current voltage of the storage battery (4) is lower than the preset lowest voltage, the isolation sampling module (3) is controlled to be connected with the charging circuits of the storage battery (4) and the DCDC converter (2), the storage battery (4) is charged through the DCDC converter (2) until the storage battery (4) is fully charged, and when the current voltage of the storage battery (4) is higher than the preset lowest voltage, the charging circuits of the storage battery (4) and the DCDC converter (2) are kept in a disconnected state through the isolation sampling module (3).
7. The vehicle low-voltage energy management method according to claim 6, wherein in the step C, the step of charging the battery (4) through the DCDC converter (2) comprises: the vehicle control unit (1) controls the DCDC converter (2) to output a charging voltage for charging the storage battery (4), and calculates the charging time when the storage battery (4) is fully charged according to the charging voltage and the acquired current voltage of the storage battery (4) and the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery (4) in the full-charge state; the vehicle control unit (1) controls the timer (6) to start timing while controlling the DCDC converter (2) to charge the storage battery (4), and controls the isolation sampling module (3) to be disconnected when the calculated charging time is reached, so that the charging circuit of the storage battery (4) and the DCDC converter (2) is disconnected.
8. The low-voltage energy management method for the automobile according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the magnitude of the discharge voltage output by the DCDC converter (2) is controlled to be larger than the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery (4) in a full-charge state.
9. The vehicle low-voltage energy management method according to claim 7, wherein in step C, after calculating the charging time period when the storage battery (4) is fully charged, the ambient temperature is detected by the temperature sensor (7), and the charging time period is corrected according to the detected ambient temperature.
10. The low-voltage energy management method for the automobile according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the isolation sampling module (3) comprises a diode D1, an isolation switch, a sampling circuit (31) connected with the vehicle control unit (1) and used for collecting the voltage of the storage battery (4), and a driving circuit (32) used for driving the isolation switch to be switched on and off, the diode D1 and the isolation switch are connected in parallel on a connecting line of the storage battery (4) and the DCDC converter (2), the driving circuit (32) is connected with the isolation switch, the voltage of the storage battery (4) collected by the sampling circuit (31) is judged through the vehicle control unit (1), a control signal is output to the driving circuit (32) when the voltage of the storage battery (4) is lower than a preset minimum voltage, and the isolation switch is controlled to be switched on and off through the driving circuit (32) according to a control signal output by the vehicle control unit (1), the accumulator (4) is charged by the DCDC converter (2) until fully charged.
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