CN111562645B - Composite material optical fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite material optical fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111562645B CN111562645B CN202010316451.1A CN202010316451A CN111562645B CN 111562645 B CN111562645 B CN 111562645B CN 202010316451 A CN202010316451 A CN 202010316451A CN 111562645 B CN111562645 B CN 111562645B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/041—Non-oxide glass compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/041—Non-oxide glass compositions
- C03C13/042—Fluoride glass compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/041—Non-oxide glass compositions
- C03C13/043—Chalcogenide glass compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/048—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite material optical fiber is formed by compounding one of metal oxide glass and compound glass and a high polymer material, and comprises a metal oxide fiber core or a compound fiber core and a high polymer material filler filled between the metal oxide fiber core or the compound fiber core; wherein, the refractive indexes of the metal oxide glass and the compound glass are higher than that of the high polymer material, and the metal oxide glass and the compound glass do not generate glass crystallization in a molten state; the advantages are low preparation difficulty, low cost, long effective transmission distance, good flexibility and good toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber and a preparation technology thereof, in particular to a composite material optical fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Background
An optical fiber is a light-conducting fiber that can transmit light waves of different wavelength bands. Optical waves can contain information, energy, etc., so optical fibers can be classified into the following categories according to the purpose of the application of the transmitted optical waves: optical communication fibers, optical energy transmission fibers, and the like. These different kinds of optical fibers implement different functions based on different optical principles and optical fiber structures.
The multi-core optical fiber is a special optical fiber for improving the optical fiber communication capacity based on space division multiplexing. When the fiber core density of the multi-core fiber is increased to thousands or tens of thousands and above, each fiber core of the super multi-core fiber can independently transmit one path of optical wavelength data, and the coupling among the fiber cores is low and does not influence each other within a certain length range. The super multi-core fiber can transmit the light-emitting wavelength information of each tiny position of a detection target through thousands of fiber cores, and the photoelectric conversion equipment is added at the tail end of the super multi-core fiber, so that the function of restoring the image information of the detection target can be realized.
At present, research on super multi-core optical fibers is less, and the types and the preparation methods of the super multi-core optical fibers are different. Such as: china (China)The invention patent "multicore optical fiber" (patent No. ZL 200710165726.0) issued, which comprises a cladding having quartz, and a plurality of cores embedded in the cladding, each core having a diameter (D) in the range of 1.3 μm to 2.0 μm, a Numerical Aperture (NA) of 0.35 to 0.45, a refractive index distribution coefficient (α) of 2.0 to 4.0, a germanium content at the center of each core of 20 wt% to 30 wt%, and a spacing between adjacent cores of 3.0 μm or more. For another example: the invention patent of quartz multi-core optical fiber (patent number: ZL 200810186745.6) published in China comprises a plurality of fiber cores, wherein each fiber core is provided with GeO2-SiO2Class glass of the GeO2-SiO2The glass-like material has a Ge concentration of 15 wt% or more, an F concentration of 0.05 wt% or more and 2 wt% or less, a relative refractive index difference between the cladding and the core of 3% or more, and a ratio of the cladding diameter to the core diameter of 1.02 to 3.0, and suppresses light emission at 600 to 800nm when incident excitation light of 400 to 650 nm. The following steps are repeated: the invention patent application of China discloses a method for preparing a multi-core quartz image-transmitting optical fiber (application number: 201910452271.3), which comprises the steps of firstly preparing a single core rod, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is step type or gradual change type; drawing the single core rod into a single-core glass fiber, wherein the diameter of the single-core glass fiber is 1-5 mm; cleaning and drying equilong single-core glass wires, stacking and filling the single-core glass wires into a quartz glass tube, and heating the quartz glass tube filled with the single-core glass wires to be fused into a solid multi-core rod; then drawing the multi-core rod into multi-core glass filaments, cleaning and drying the multi-core glass filaments with equal length, stacking and filling the multi-core glass filaments into a quartz glass tube until the inner hole of the quartz glass tube is filled with the multi-core glass filaments, and heating the quartz glass tube filled with the multi-core glass filaments to melt and shrink the quartz glass tube into a solid composite multi-core rod; and finally, placing the composite multi-core rod on a wire drawing tower to be drawn into fibers, so as to prepare the multi-core quartz image transmission optical fiber, wherein the outer diameter of the image transmission optical fiber is 100-1200 mu m. The method also comprises the following steps: the invention patent application disclosed in China "a preparation method of a multi-core image-transmission optical fiber preform" (application number: 201910453265.X) firstly prepares a single core rod, the refractive index of the core layer is step type or gradual change type, and the diameter of the single core rod is 10-50 mm; drawing the single core rod into a single-core glass fiber, wherein the diameter of the single-core glass fiber is 0.5-2 mm; cleaning and drying the isometric single-core glass filaments, and then stacking and filling the isometric single-core glass filaments to quartzThe inner hole of the quartz glass tube is filled in the glass tube; finally, the quartz glass tube filled with the single-core glass wire is heated to be fused into a solid multi-core rod, and the multi-core type quartz image-transmitting optical fiber preform is manufactured.
The basic materials of the multi-core fiber or the prepared multi-core fiber are quartz materials, however, the super multi-core fiber made of quartz materials has the following problems: (1) the melting point of the quartz material exceeds 2000 ℃, so that the preparation, processing and molding difficulty of the super multi-core optical fiber of the quartz material is high; (2) the quartz material needs to introduce doping of other elements including a plurality of rare earth elements when the refractive index is changed, so that the cost is high; (3) after the quartz material is doped, the refractive index cannot be changed in a large range, so that larger core-cladding refractive index difference cannot be realized, common optics are weak light guide fibers, and the preparation method and the material of the weak light guide fibers are not suitable for preparing the super multi-core optical fiber with the function; (4) due to the lower core cladding refractive index difference, in the super multi-core optical fiber, the crosstalk between the fiber cores is obvious, and effective signals cannot be transmitted in a longer distance; (5) in order to ensure lower crosstalk between fiber cores, a larger interval between the fiber cores needs to be ensured, so that the whole size of the super multi-core fiber is larger, or the super multi-core fiber cannot be prepared and can only be used as an optical fiber bundle; (6) the super multi-core optical fiber made of quartz material is hard, brittle and easy to break, needs a coating layer for further protection, and increases the application volume and the preparation difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a composite material optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, and the composite material optical fiber has the advantages of low preparation difficulty, low cost, long effective transmission distance, good flexibility and good toughness.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a composite material optical fiber is characterized in that the composite material optical fiber is formed by compounding one of metal oxide glass and compound glass and a high polymer material, and comprises a metal oxide fiber core or a compound fiber core and a high polymer material filler filled between the metal oxide fiber core or the compound fiber core; wherein the refractive index of the metal oxide glass and the refractive index of the compound glass are both higher than the refractive index of the polymer material, and the metal oxide glass and the compound glass do not generate glass crystallization in a molten state.
The difference of the wire drawing temperature of the metal oxide glass or the compound glass and the wire drawing temperature of the high polymer material in a molten state is not more than 50 ℃.
The metal oxide of the metal oxide glass is tellurium oxide, germanium oxide, lithium oxide, zinc oxide, sulfide, selenide, telluride, fluoride, iodide or phosphide and the like, the high polymer material is carbon chain high polymer or heterochain high polymer or element organic high polymer and the like, the carbon chain high polymer comprises polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyether sulfone resin (PES), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the like, and the heterochain high polymer comprises polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylamide and the like.
A preparation method of a composite material optical fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: pretreating the first high polymer material pipe to remove stains, bubbles and other defects on the surface of the first high polymer material pipe; then preparing the pretreated first high polymer material tube into a capillary tube; preparing a metal oxide glass rod or a compound glass rod into a capillary rod; then inserting the capillary rod into the inner hole of the capillary tube to form an optical waveguide basic unit; wherein, the drawing temperature difference between the capillary rod and the capillary tube in a melting state is not more than 50 ℃, and the diameter of the inner hole of the capillary tube is slightly larger than that of the capillary rod;
the first high polymer material pipes made of different materials are pretreated by different technical means according to different materials so as to remove the defects of stains, bubbles and the like on the surfaces of the first high polymer material pipes; the technical means for preparing the capillary tube and the capillary rod adopts the prior art, such as the prior capillary tube drawing equipment; it is generally desirable that the diameter of the bore of the capillary tube be close to the diameter of the capillary rod because if the diameters differ significantly, there will be more air between the two.
In the preparation process, about 500 capillaries are prepared, about 500 capillary rods are prepared, and when the capillaries are combined, the part of the capillaries with the best quality and the best size consistency is selected from the 500 capillaries, and the part of the capillary rods with the best quality and the best size consistency is selected from the 500 capillary rods.
And 2, step: a plurality of optical waveguide basic units are arranged in parallel and are tightly attached and stacked to form a composite material stack body with a section close to a circle; then binding the composite material stack to maintain the structure of the composite material stack; then stretching the composite material stack to prepare a composite material prefabricated body;
and step 3: the composite material prefabricated bodies are arranged in parallel and are stacked in a clinging mode to form a structure with the cross section close to a circular shape, and no reinforcing structure is arranged on the outer layers of the composite material prefabricated bodies, so that obvious gaps cannot be formed among the stacked composite material prefabricated bodies, and the composite material prefabricated bodies are inserted into inner holes of the second high polymer material tubes to form composite material optical fiber prefabricated rods; the second polymer material pipe and the first polymer material pipe are the same polymer material pipe, or the second polymer material pipe and the first polymer material pipe are two different polymer material pipes, the drawing temperature difference of the second polymer material pipe and the first polymer material pipe in a molten state is not more than 50 ℃, and the drawing temperature of a capillary rod, the second polymer material pipe and the first polymer material pipe in the molten state floats within +/-10-20 ℃;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out optical fiber drawing on the composite material optical fiber preform to obtain the composite material multicore optical fiber, wherein the composite material multicore optical fiber comprises a plurality of fiber cores and polymer material fillers filled between the fiber cores, and the fiber cores are metal oxide fiber cores or compound fiber cores.
In the step 1, the first polymer material tube is a polyether sulfone resin tube, and the metal oxide glass rod is a tellurium dioxide glass rod; in the step 3, the second polymer material tube is a polyether sulfone resin tube.
In the step 1, the outer diameter of the capillary is 850 mu m, the inner hole diameter is 680 mu m, the length is 1m, the diameter of the capillary rod is 585 mu m, and the length is more than 1 m; in step 3, the outer diameter of the second polymer material pipe is 15mm, and the inner hole diameter is 14 mm.
In the step 2, the composite material stack body is bound by using a non-full binding mode and combining a binding ring with a high-temperature resistant metal wire, the binding ring is firstly bound on the tail end of the composite material stack body, then the high-temperature resistant metal wire is bound on the rest parts of the composite material stack body except the tail end, and the softening temperature of the high-temperature resistant metal wire is far higher than that of the optical waveguide basic unit; the binding ring is a quartz ring, and the high-temperature resistant metal wire is a tungsten wire. Other methods of constraining the composite stack may also be used.
In the step 2, the composite material stack is stretched, and the concrete process for preparing the composite material prefabricated part is as follows: and (3) placing the composite material stack in a high-temperature furnace, melting the composite material stack in the high-temperature furnace, and stretching the composite material stack at a constant speed by using a synchronous driving four-wheel belt traction device to obtain a composite material prefabricated body with a completely uniform diameter.
In the step 4, an optical fiber drawing tower system is adopted to carry out optical fiber drawing on the composite material optical fiber perform, the optical fiber drawing tower system consists of a preform rod feeding device, a high-temperature furnace, an optical fiber steering guide wheel, a main traction system with a main optical fiber traction wheel capable of adjusting the drawing speed and the diameter of a bare optical fiber, a dancing wheel and a finished optical fiber take-up device with a take-up reel, the preform feeding device provides a composite material optical fiber preform to the high-temperature furnace, the high-temperature furnace fuses the composite material optical fiber preform into filaments to form bare fibers, the bare fibers enter the main traction system after passing through the optical fiber steering guide wheel, and the main optical fiber traction wheel in the main traction system changes the diameter of the bare optical fiber to obtain the composite material multi-core optical fiber, and the composite material multi-core optical fiber is collected by a take-up reel in the finished optical fiber take-up device after passing through the dancing wheel and matching the fiber take-up speed.
The optical fiber drawing tower system further comprises 1-5 coating and curing devices, the coating and curing devices are arranged between the high-temperature furnace and the optical fiber turning guide wheels, the coating and curing devices enable the surfaces of bare optical fibers to be coated with high polymer materials and cured to form optical fibers with coating layers, the optical fibers with the coating layers enter the main traction system after passing through the optical fiber turning guide wheels, and the diameter of the optical fibers with the coating layers is changed by the main optical fiber traction wheel in the main traction system to obtain the composite material multi-core optical fiber; the coating and curing device comprises an applicator for coating the surface of the bare fiber with the polymer material and a curing furnace for curing the polymer material coated on the surface of the bare fiber. Since the composite optical fiber itself has very good mechanical strength, the coating and curing device is only used under special requirements, for example, when the composite optical fiber applied to high temperature or medical treatment needs to be prepared, the coating and curing device is added. The curing oven can be an existing ultraviolet curing device or a high-temperature oven curing device.
The temperature control range of the high-temperature furnace is 200-1000 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the preparation temperature of the composite material multi-core optical fiber prepared by the method is only about 200-500 ℃, and the maximum temperature is not more than 1000 ℃, so that the preparation, processing and molding difficulties are reduced.
2) The shape of the high polymer material in the composite material multi-core optical fiber is easy to adjust, and the cost is low.
3) Since the composite material multicore fiber is formed by compounding the metal oxide glass or the compound glass and the polymer material, the refractive index difference between the metal oxide glass and the polymer material or the refractive index difference between the compound glass and the polymer material can be adjusted in a wide range.
4) The composite material multicore fiber has the characteristic that the refractive index difference between the metal oxide glass and the high polymer material or the refractive index difference between the compound glass and the high polymer material can be adjusted in a large range, so that the signal crosstalk between the metal oxide fiber cores or between the compound fiber cores can be obviously reduced, and the effective transmission distance of the composite material multicore fiber is increased.
5) The composite material multicore optical fiber can improve the refractive index, thereby reducing the size of the fiber cores, greatly reducing the space between the fiber cores due to excellent crosstalk inhibition capability, and can be prepared into an optical fiber with thin and soft outer diameter instead of an optical fiber bundle with thick outer diameter and difficult bending.
6) The composite material multi-core optical fiber has good flexibility and toughness.
7) The composite material multi-core optical fiber can be combined with low-temperature metal, semiconductor, solar cell material or other functional materials to prepare flexible fiber with multiple performances except photoelectricity.
8) The composite material multi-core optical fiber has the main functions of being used for image transmission, and thousands of optical waveguide basic units are used as pixel points to realize the function of bending and transmitting images in the composite material multi-core optical fiber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of a composite optical fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the overall implementation of the preparation process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a process for obtaining an optical waveguide basic unit in the production method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a process for obtaining a composite preform in the production method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a process for obtaining a composite material optical fiber preform and thus a composite material multicore optical fiber according to the manufacturing method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial microscopic image of a multi-core optical fiber made of a composite material by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the constitution of an optical fiber drawing tower system used in the production method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following examples of the drawings.
The composite material is an important branch of the material discipline, and the optical fiber material of the composite material optical fiber provided by the invention completely conforms to the definition of the composite material: (1) the composite material must be artificial and is designed and manufactured by people according to needs; (2) the composite material must be composed of two or more than two material components with different chemical and physical properties in designed form, proportion and distribution, and obvious interfaces exist among the components; (3) the structure is designable, and a composite structure can be designed; (4) the composite material not only maintains the advantages of the properties of the materials of each component, but also can obtain the comprehensive properties which cannot be achieved by a single component material through the complementation and the correlation of the properties of each component.
The invention provides a composite material optical fiber, which is formed by compounding one of metal oxide glass and compound glass with a high polymer material, and comprises a metal oxide fiber core 11 or a compound fiber core and a high polymer material filler 12 filled between the metal oxide fiber cores 11 or the compound fiber cores as shown in figure 1; wherein the refractive index of the metal oxide glass and the compound glass is higher than that of the polymer material, and the metal oxide glass and the compound glass do not generate glass crystallization in a molten state. In actual operation, a mixed glass state material formed by mixing a plurality of metal oxide glasses may be compounded with a polymer material, or a mixed glass state material formed by mixing a plurality of compound glasses may be compounded with a polymer material.
In this embodiment, the difference in drawing temperature between the metal oxide glass or the compound glass and the polymer material in the molten state is not more than 50 ℃.
In the present embodiment, the metal oxide of the metal oxide glass is tellurium oxide, germanium oxide, lithium oxide, zinc oxide, sulfide, selenide, telluride, fluoride, iodide, phosphide, or the like, the polymer material is a carbon-chain polymer or a hetero-chain polymer or an elemental organic polymer, and the like, the carbon-chain polymer includes polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethersulfone resin (PEs), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the like, and the hetero-chain polymer includes polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylamide, and the like.
The general implementation block diagram of the preparation method of the composite material optical fiber is shown in fig. 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: pretreating the first high polymer material pipe to remove the defects of stains, bubbles and the like on the surface of the first high polymer material pipe; as shown in fig. 3, the pretreated first polymer material tube is then made into a capillary tube 41; and the metal oxide glass rod or the compound glass rod is made into a capillary rod 42; then inserting the capillary rod 42 into the inner hole of the capillary tube 41 to form the optical waveguide basic unit 4; wherein, the drawing temperature difference between the capillary rod 42 and the capillary 41 in the melting state is not more than 50 ℃, and the inner hole diameter of the capillary 41 is slightly larger than the diameter of the capillary rod 42.
The first high polymer material pipes made of different materials are pretreated by different technical means according to different materials so as to remove the defects of stains, bubbles and the like on the surfaces of the first high polymer material pipes; the technical means for preparing the capillary 41 and the capillary rod 42 are made by the prior art, such as by the existing capillary drawing equipment; it is generally desirable that the diameter of the inner bore of the capillary tube 41 be close to the diameter of the capillary rod 42 because if the diameters differ significantly, there will be more air between the two.
In the preparation process, about 500 capillaries 41 are prepared, about 500 capillary rods 42 are prepared, and in combination, the part of the capillaries with the best quality and the best size consistency is selected from the 500 capillaries 41, and the part of the capillary rods with the best quality and the best size consistency is selected from the 500 capillary rods 42.
Step 2: as shown in fig. 4, a plurality of optical waveguide basic units 4 are arranged in parallel and stacked closely to form a composite material stack 51 with a cross section close to a circle; then using a non-fully bound mode and binding the composite material stack 51 by using a binding material with a softening temperature much higher than that of the optical waveguide basic unit 4 to maintain the structure of the composite material stack 51; and then stretching the composite material stack 51 to obtain a composite material preform 61.
Here, 217 optical waveguide basic units 4 are selected to be stacked into a composite material stack 51; the length of the composite preform 61 prepared was 1 m.
Here, the optical waveguide basic units 4 are arranged in a triangular stable structure in the process of stacking the optical waveguide basic units 4, and a plurality of optical waveguide basic units 4 are arranged in parallel and stacked in close contact with each other, and support is added to the edges of the regular hexagonal structure formed by stacking, so that the cross section of the whole composite material stack body 51 obtained approaches to a circle as much as possible.
During the specific preparation, the composite material stack body 51 is bound by using a non-full binding mode and combining a binding ring 52 with a high-temperature resistant metal wire (not shown in the figure), the binding ring 52 is bound on the tail end of the composite material stack body 51, and then the high-temperature resistant metal wire is bound on the rest part of the composite material stack body 51 except the tail end; during operation, the composite material stack body 51 is inserted into the binding ring 52, the overlapping part of the binding ring 52 and the tail end of the composite material stack body 51 is about 5cm, so that most part of the composite material stack body 51 is not bound by the binding ring 52, and the rest parts of the composite material stack body 51 except the tail end are bound by high-temperature resistant metal wires; the binding ring 52 can be quartz ring, the high temperature resistant metal wire is tungsten wire, the tungsten wire is used for binding, the binding points can be 3-10 different, and the composite material stack can be bound by other binding methods depending on the length of the composite material stack 51. The material of the confinement ring 52 is not limited because the confinement ring 52 is removed prior to drawing the composite stack 51 in step 2, and because the softening temperature of the refractory wire is much higher than the softening temperature of the composite material of the optical waveguide base unit 4, which cannot be softened and drawn at the same time, this less than full confinement has the advantage that after drawing the composite preform 61, the refractory wire can be removed and the composite preforms 61 can be stacked without significant gaps being formed between the composite preforms 61.
In this embodiment, in step 2, the specific process of stretching the composite material stack 51 to obtain the composite material preform 61 includes: the composite material stack body 51 with the high-temperature-resistant metal wires is placed in a conventional high-temperature furnace, is melted in the high-temperature furnace and is stretched at a constant speed by a conventional synchronous driving four-wheel belt traction device, so that the composite material preform 61 with a completely uniform diameter is obtained. In practical operation, when the first polymer material tube is a polyether sulfone resin tube and the metal oxide glass rod is a tellurium dioxide glass rod, the feeding speed of the composite material stack 51 can be set to 4mm/min, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace can be set to 474 ℃, the drawing speed can be set to 0.76m/min, and the diameter of the obtained composite material preform 61 is 925 μm.
And step 3: as shown in fig. 5, a plurality of composite preforms 61 are arranged in parallel and stacked closely to form a structure with a cross section close to a circular shape, and because the outer layer of the composite preform has no reinforcing structure, no obvious gap is formed between the stacked composite preforms, and the composite preforms are inserted into the inner holes of the second polymer material tubes 62 to form the composite optical fiber preforms 6; the second polymer material tube 62 and the first polymer material tube are the same polymer material tube, or the second polymer material tube 62 and the first polymer material tube are two different polymer material tubes, and the drawing temperature difference between the second polymer material tube 62 and the first polymer material tube in the molten state is not greater than 50 ℃, and the drawing temperature of the capillary rod 42, the second polymer material tube 62 and the first polymer material tube in the molten state is within ± 10-20 ℃.
Here, 168 composite preforms 61 were selected for stacking.
And 4, step 4: as shown in fig. 5, an optical fiber is drawn from a composite optical fiber preform to obtain a composite multicore fiber 34, where the composite multicore fiber 34 includes a plurality of cores 11 and a polymer filler 12 filled between the cores, and the cores 11 are metal oxide cores or compound cores, as shown in fig. 1. Fig. 6 shows a local microscopic image of the prepared composite material multicore optical fiber, in which the light color region is a metal oxide core (tellurium dioxide core) with a high refractive index, and the dark color region is a polymer material filler (polyether sulfone resin material) with a low refractive index.
In this embodiment, in step 4, an optical fiber drawing tower system is used to draw an optical fiber on a composite optical fiber preform, the optical fiber drawing tower system is shown in fig. 7 and comprises a preform feeding device 21, a high temperature furnace 22, 2 coating and solidifying devices 23, an optical fiber turning and guiding wheel 24, a main traction system 25 with a main optical fiber traction wheel 251 capable of adjusting the drawing speed and the diameter of a bare fiber, a dancing wheel 26, and a finished optical fiber take-up device 27 with a take-up reel 271, the preform feeding device 21 provides the composite optical fiber preform 31 to the high temperature furnace 22, the high temperature furnace 22 fuses the composite optical fiber preform 31 into a filament to form a bare fiber 32, the coating and solidifying device 23 coats a polymer material on the surface of the bare fiber 32 and solidifies to form an optical fiber 33 with a coating layer, the optical fiber 33 with the coating layer passes through the optical fiber turning and guiding wheel 24 and then enters the main traction system 25, the diameter of the optical fiber 33 with the coating layer is changed by a main optical fiber traction wheel 251 in the main traction system 25 to obtain the composite material multi-core optical fiber 34, the composite material multi-core optical fiber 34 is collected by a take-up reel 271 in the finished optical fiber take-up device 27 after the dancer wheel 26 is matched with the fiber take-up speed, and the composite material multi-core optical fiber 34 can be applied to high temperature or medical treatment; the temperature control range of the high temperature furnace 22 is 200-1000 ℃, the coating curing device 23 includes a coater 231 for coating the polymer material on the surface of the bare fiber 32 and a curing furnace 232 for curing the polymer material coated on the surface of the bare fiber 32, and the curing furnace 232 may be an existing ultraviolet curing device or a curing device of the high temperature furnace 22. Here, the preform feeding device 21, the high temperature furnace 22, the applicator 231, the curing furnace 232, the fiber turning guide wheel 24, the main drawing system 25, the dancing wheel 26, and the finished fiber take-up device 27 are all of the prior art.
During specific preparation, polyether sulfone resin can be selected as a manufacturing material of the first high polymer material tube and the second high polymer material tube 62, tellurium dioxide glass can be selected to be made into a metal oxide glass rod, taking the polyether sulfone resin tube as the first high polymer material tube as an example, the obtained capillary tube 41 has the outer diameter of 850 micrometers, the inner hole diameter of 680 micrometers and the length of 1m, taking the tellurium dioxide glass as the example, the obtained capillary rod 42 has the diameter of 585 micrometers and the length of more than 1 m; in step 3, the second polymer material tube 62 is a polyethersulfone resin tube, and the outer diameter of the second polymer material tube 62 is 15mm and the inner hole diameter is 14 mm.
Claims (8)
1. A kind of composite material optic fibre, characterized by that it is a multicore optic fibre, it is compounded by a kind of glass and macromolecule material in metallic oxide glass and compound glass, it includes metallic oxide fiber core or compound fiber core, polymer material filler filled between said metallic oxide fiber core or said compound fiber core; wherein the refractive index of the metal oxide glass and the compound glass is higher than that of the polymer material, and the drawing temperature difference between the metal oxide glass or the compound glass and the polymer material in a molten state is not more than 50 ℃, so that the metal oxide glass and the compound glass do not generate glass crystallization in the molten state;
the metal oxide of the metal oxide glass is tellurium oxide, germanium oxide, lithium oxide and zinc oxide, the compound of the compound glass is selenide, telluride, fluoride, iodide or phosphide, the high polymer material is carbon chain high polymer or heterochain high polymer or element organic high polymer, the carbon chain high polymer comprises polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyether sulfone resin and polymethyl methacrylate, and the heterochain high polymer comprises polyamide, polyimide and polyacrylamide.
2. A preparation method of a composite material optical fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: pretreating the first high polymer material pipe to remove stains and bubbles on the surface of the first high polymer material pipe; then preparing the pretreated first high polymer material tube into a capillary tube; and making the metal oxide glass rod into a capillary rod; inserting the capillary rod into the inner hole of the capillary tube to form an optical waveguide basic unit; wherein, the drawing temperature difference between the capillary rod and the capillary tube in a melting state is not more than 50 ℃, and the diameter of the inner hole of the capillary tube is slightly larger than that of the capillary rod;
in the step 1, the first polymer material tube is a polyether sulfone resin tube, and the metal oxide glass rod is a tellurium dioxide glass rod;
step 2: a plurality of optical waveguide basic units are arranged in parallel and are tightly attached and stacked to form a composite material stack body with a section close to a circle; then binding the composite material stack to maintain the structure of the composite material stack; then stretching the composite material stack to prepare a composite material prefabricated body;
and 3, step 3: arranging a plurality of composite material prefabricated bodies in parallel, closely stacking the composite material prefabricated bodies into a structure with a cross section close to a circle, and inserting the structure into an inner hole of a second high polymer material pipe to form a composite material optical fiber prefabricated rod; the second polymer material pipe and the first polymer material pipe are the same polymer material pipe, or the second polymer material pipe and the first polymer material pipe are two different polymer material pipes, the drawing temperature difference of the second polymer material pipe and the first polymer material pipe in a molten state is not more than 50 ℃, and the drawing temperature of a capillary rod, the second polymer material pipe and the first polymer material pipe in the molten state floats within +/-10-20 ℃;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out optical fiber drawing on the composite material optical fiber preform to obtain the composite material multicore optical fiber, wherein the composite material multicore optical fiber comprises a plurality of fiber cores and high polymer material fillers filled between the fiber cores, and the fiber cores are metal oxide fiber cores or compound fiber cores.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 3, the second polymer material tube is a polyethersulfone resin tube.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in the step 2, the composite material stack is bound by using a non-full-binding mode and a binding ring in combination with the high temperature resistant metal wire, the binding ring is bound to the tail end of the composite material stack, and then the high temperature resistant metal wire is bound to the rest part of the composite material stack except the tail end, and the softening temperature of the high temperature resistant metal wire is far higher than that of the optical waveguide basic unit.
5. The method for preparing the composite material optical fiber according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the composite material stack is stretched, and the specific process for preparing the composite material preform comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the composite material stack in a high-temperature furnace, melting the composite material stack in the high-temperature furnace, and then stretching the composite material stack at a constant speed by a synchronous driving four-wheel belt traction device to obtain a composite material prefabricated body with a completely uniform diameter.
6. The method according to claim 2 or 5, wherein in step 4, an optical fiber drawing tower system is adopted to draw an optical fiber on the composite optical fiber preform, the optical fiber drawing tower system comprises a preform feeding device, a high temperature furnace, an optical fiber steering guide wheel, a main traction system with a main optical fiber traction wheel capable of adjusting the drawing speed and the diameter of the bare fiber, a dancing wheel and a finished optical fiber take-up device with a take-up reel, the preform feeding device provides the composite optical fiber preform to the high temperature furnace, the high temperature furnace fuses the composite optical fiber preform into filaments to form the bare fiber, the bare fiber enters the main traction system after passing through the optical fiber steering guide wheel, the main optical fiber traction wheel in the main traction system changes the diameter of the bare fiber to obtain the composite multi-core optical fiber, and the composite material multi-core optical fiber is collected by a take-up reel in the finished optical fiber take-up device after passing through the dancing wheel and being matched with the take-up speed.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the optical fiber drawing tower system further comprises 1-5 coating and curing devices, the coating and curing devices are arranged between the high-temperature furnace and the optical fiber turning guide wheel, the coating and curing devices coat the surface of the bare optical fiber with a high polymer material and cure the polymer material to form an optical fiber with a coating layer, the optical fiber with the coating layer enters the main traction system after passing through the optical fiber turning guide wheel, and the main optical fiber traction wheel in the main traction system changes the diameter of the optical fiber with the coating layer to obtain the composite multi-core optical fiber; the coating and curing device comprises an applicator for coating the surface of the bare fiber with the polymer material and a curing furnace for curing the polymer material coated on the surface of the bare fiber.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the high temperature furnace is controlled within a range of 200-1000 ℃.
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