CN111560548A - High-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rail and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rail and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111560548A CN111560548A CN202010484674.9A CN202010484674A CN111560548A CN 111560548 A CN111560548 A CN 111560548A CN 202010484674 A CN202010484674 A CN 202010484674A CN 111560548 A CN111560548 A CN 111560548A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rails, which is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.50 to 0.70% of Si, 0.05 to 0.10% of Mn, 0.80 to 0.95% of Mg, 0.06 to 0.08% of Cr, 0.05 to 0.07% of B, 0.05 to 0.07% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The invention optimizes the contents of Si and Mg. And elements such as B, Ti, Cr, Mn and the like are added, the mutual synergistic effect is realized, the strength of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved, and the performance requirements between high precision and high strength of the size are completely met through the optimized design of a hot extrusion die of the aluminum alloy section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rails and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the high-speed rail industry, higher requirements are put forward on a basic aluminum alloy material, the requirement for light weight is met, the size is required to be high and precise, the material extrusion performance is higher in strength, a stable extrusion production process is formed, each product reaches the size with high precision, the existing extruded aluminum alloy section is difficult to reach, and the size is not large or small due to section shrinkage generated during strong wind cooling after hot extrusion. In order to solve the contradiction between high precision and strength of the size, a high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rails and a preparation method thereof are developed by improving the alloy proportion and the production process method of the aluminum alloy section so as to meet the requirements of the high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rails.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the aluminum alloy section cannot meet the use requirement of high strength of high-speed rail and cannot meet the requirements of high precision and high strength of the size at the same time in the prior art, and provides a high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rail and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rails is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.50 to 0.70% of Si, 0.05 to 0.10% of Mn, 0.80 to 0.95% of Mg, 0.06 to 0.08% of Cr, 0.05 to 0.07% of B, 0.05 to 0.07% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
Further, the mass percentage of the inevitable impurity elements is not more than 0.1%.
The other purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing furnace materials according to the proportion of an alloy formula, adding an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace for heating and melting, when the temperature of a molten liquid reaches 725-745 ℃, sequentially adding an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, stirring uniformly, then continuing to heat to 745-755 ℃, stirring for 20-30min after the furnace materials are completely melted, enabling the components to be uniform, then slagging off, adjusting the temperature to 730-745 ℃, blowing a refining agent to the surface of the molten liquid through nitrogen by using a nitrogen pipe for refining, wherein the dosage of the refining agent is 1.5-1.8% of the weight of the molten liquid, slagging off after refining for 18-25min, standing for 12-18min, adjusting the temperature to 715-735 ℃, stirring for 8-12min, sampling and analyzing, heating to 725-740 ℃, discharging and casting, adopting aluminum-titanium-boron wire for online wire feeding and refining, wherein the dosage of each ton of aluminum-water is 1.8-2KG, obtaining an aluminum alloy cast rod, and cooling to below 150 ℃;
(2) homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast rod obtained in the step (1), and carrying out homogenization treatment and heat preservation in a homogenizing furnace at 470-490 ℃ for 7-10 h;
(3) extruding and molding the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod, heating an extrusion die to 490-500 ℃, the extrusion temperature is 500-520 ℃, the extrusion speed is 18-22m/min, and then cooling and quenching the extruded section by using air on line to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
(4) straightening the cooled aluminum alloy profile, wherein a special pressing block is used for straightening, so that the profile is prevented from being closed, and the high precision of the dimension is prevented from being influenced;
(5) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened aluminum alloy section, preserving the heat for 2-3h at the temperature of 195-plus-200 ℃, and then discharging and air-cooling to room temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention optimizes the contents of Si and Mg. And elements such as B, Ti, Cr, Mn and the like are added, the mutual synergistic effect is realized, the strength of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved, and the performance requirements between high precision and high strength of the size are completely met through the optimized design of a hot extrusion die of the aluminum alloy section.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
A high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rail and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.50 to 0.70% of Si, 0.05 to 0.10% of Mn, 0.80 to 0.95% of Mg, 0.06 to 0.08% of Cr, 0.05 to 0.07% of B, 0.05 to 0.07% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing furnace materials according to the proportion of an alloy formula, adding an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace for heating and melting, when the temperature of a molten liquid reaches 725-745 ℃, sequentially adding an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, stirring uniformly, then continuing to heat to 745-755 ℃, stirring for 20-30min after the furnace materials are completely melted, enabling the components to be uniform, then slagging off, adjusting the temperature to 730-745 ℃, blowing a refining agent to the surface of the molten liquid through nitrogen by using a nitrogen pipe for refining, wherein the dosage of the refining agent is 1.5-1.8% of the weight of the molten liquid, slagging off after refining for 18-25min, standing for 12-18min, adjusting the temperature to 715-735 ℃, stirring for 8-12min, sampling and analyzing, heating to 725-740 ℃, discharging and casting, adopting aluminum-titanium-boron wire for online wire feeding and refining, wherein the dosage of each ton of aluminum-water is 1.8-2KG, obtaining an aluminum alloy cast rod, and cooling to below 150 ℃;
(2) homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast rod obtained in the step (1), and carrying out homogenization treatment and heat preservation in a homogenizing furnace at 470-490 ℃ for 7-10 h;
(3) extruding and molding the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod, heating an extrusion die to 490-500 ℃, the extrusion temperature is 500-520 ℃, the extrusion speed is 18-22m/min, and then cooling and quenching the extruded section by using air on line to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
(4) straightening the cooled aluminum alloy profile, wherein a special pressing block is used for straightening, so that the profile is prevented from being closed, and the high precision of the dimension is prevented from being influenced;
(5) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened aluminum alloy section, preserving the heat for 2-3h at the temperature of 195-plus-200 ℃, and then discharging and air-cooling to room temperature.
The invention optimizes the contents of Si and Mg. And elements such as B, Ti, Cr, Mn and the like are added, the mutual synergistic effect is realized, the strength of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved, and the performance requirements between high precision and high strength of the size are completely met through the optimized design of a hot extrusion die of the aluminum alloy section. The main properties of the obtained aluminum alloy section are as follows through inspection: the tensile strength is 230MPa, the elongation is 8 percent, the dimensional accuracy is very high, the dimensional tolerance is controlled within +/-0.2 mm, and the requirements of high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy sections for high-speed rails are met.
Claims (3)
1. A high-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rails is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.50 to 0.70% of Si, 0.05 to 0.10% of Mn, 0.80 to 0.95% of Mg, 0.06 to 0.08% of Cr, 0.05 to 0.07% of B, 0.05 to 0.07% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
2. The ultra-light aluminum alloy profile for high-strength bolts and nuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the inevitable impurity elements is not more than 0.1%.
3. Aluminium alloy profile according to any one of claims 1-2, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing furnace materials according to the proportion of an alloy formula, adding an aluminum ingot into a melting furnace for heating and melting, when the temperature of a molten liquid reaches 725-745 ℃, sequentially adding an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, stirring uniformly, then continuing to heat to 745-755 ℃, stirring for 20-30min after the furnace materials are completely melted, enabling the components to be uniform, then slagging off, adjusting the temperature to 730-745 ℃, blowing a refining agent to the surface of the molten liquid through nitrogen by using a nitrogen pipe for refining, wherein the dosage of the refining agent is 1.5-1.8% of the weight of the molten liquid, slagging off after refining for 18-25min, standing for 12-18min, adjusting the temperature to 715-735 ℃, stirring for 8-12min, sampling and analyzing, heating to 725-740 ℃, discharging and casting, adopting aluminum-titanium-boron wire for online wire feeding and refining, wherein the dosage of each ton of aluminum-water is 1.8-2KG, obtaining an aluminum alloy cast rod, and cooling to below 150 ℃;
(2) homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast rod obtained in the step (1), and carrying out homogenization treatment and heat preservation in a homogenizing furnace at 470-490 ℃ for 7-10 h;
(3) extruding and molding the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod, heating an extrusion die to 490-500 ℃, the extrusion temperature is 500-520 ℃, the extrusion speed is 18-22m/min, and then cooling and quenching the extruded section by using air on line to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
(4) straightening the cooled aluminum alloy profile, wherein a special pressing block is used for straightening, so that the profile is prevented from being closed, and the high precision of the dimension is prevented from being influenced;
(5) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened aluminum alloy section, preserving the heat for 2-3h at the temperature of 195-plus-200 ℃, and then discharging and air-cooling to room temperature.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010484674.9A CN111560548A (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | High-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rail and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202010484674.9A CN111560548A (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | High-precision high-strength light aluminum alloy section for high-speed rail and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200821 |
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