CN111555867A - Measuring equipment independent quantum key distribution method based on threshold selection technology - Google Patents
Measuring equipment independent quantum key distribution method based on threshold selection technology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 7
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on a threshold selection technology, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing an atmospheric turbulence model; step 2, inputting the atmospheric turbulence model established in the step 1 into a threshold selection module, and performing threshold post-processing; and 3, sequentially transmitting the signals processed in the step 2 to a classical data coordination module and a privacy amplification module to generate a security key, and finishing the distribution of the irrelevant quantum key of the measuring equipment. The invention determines an optimal threshold value in advance through an iterative algorithm based on a system transmission rate mathematical model under a full-scale atmospheric channel, and screens out a signal interval with high transmission rate by utilizing the threshold value for post selection, thereby effectively improving the key generation rate and improving the link performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum information processing, and relates to a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on a threshold selection technology.
Background
The link loss of the present free space measurement device independent quantum key distribution system includes not only geometric loss but also optical signal fading and light intensity fluctuation loss at the receiving end caused by atmospheric turbulence environment change. Quantum state decoherence can be caused by light intensity flicker and light beam drift effect caused by atmospheric turbulence, quantum hackers have proposed a free space QKD (quantum key distribution) system attack method under the atmospheric turbulence condition by using loopholes such as the atmospheric turbulence quantum state decoherence, and the actual safety of the QKD system is threatened. The traditional technical means such as adaptive optics can compensate system errors to a certain extent, and the atmospheric turbulence intensity continuously changes along with the altitude, the climate conditions and the like, so that the nonlinear superposition of optical signal fading and light intensity fluctuation loss of a receiving end is caused, and the accurate compensation of the channel attenuation condition is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on a threshold selection technology, which is characterized in that an optimal threshold is determined in advance through an iterative algorithm based on a system transmission rate mathematical model under a full-scale atmospheric channel, and a signal interval with high transmission rate is screened out by utilizing the threshold for post selection, so that the key generation rate is effectively improved, and the link performance is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on a threshold selection technology specifically comprises the following steps:
and 3, sequentially transmitting the signals processed in the step 2 to a classical data coordination module and a privacy amplification module to generate a security key, and finishing the distribution of the irrelevant quantum key of the measuring equipment.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the specific process of the step 1 is as follows: and acquiring the turbulence intensity of the atmospheric turbulence environment by adopting the Alice party and Bob party combined post-processing device, and establishing a corresponding atmospheric turbulence model according to the turbulence intensity.
The threshold selection module in step 2 is used for screening out the signal interval with high transmission rate, so as to facilitate extracting the key.
The threshold post-processing process in the step 2 is as follows: inputting the atmospheric turbulence model established in the step 1 into a threshold selection module, so that the optimal channel transmission rate threshold under the turbulence intensity corresponding to the atmospheric turbulence model can be obtained, signals larger than the threshold are retained, and signals smaller than the threshold are discarded.
And 3, sequentially transmitting the signals which are reserved in the step 2 and are larger than the threshold value to a classical data coordination module and a privacy amplification module to generate a security key and finish the distribution of the irrelevant quantum key of the measuring equipment.
The method has the advantages that the atmospheric turbulence influence in the channel environment can be specifically inhibited according to different turbulence intensity models, and the compensation accuracy is further improved. The invention aims to improve the practicability of the quantum key distribution protocol irrelevant to the free space measuring equipment under the actual environmental condition by utilizing the physical principle of the post-threshold selection technology and realize safe and reliable key distribution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement device independent quantum key distribution system adopted in a measurement device independent quantum key distribution method based on a threshold selection technology according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a relationship between a key rate and a threshold based on a real-time selection technology BB84 protocol in the method for distributing the measurement device-independent quantum key based on the threshold selection technology of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a laser, 2, a polarization beam splitter I, 3, a beam splitter I, 4, an intensity modulator, 5, a beam splitter II, 6, a polarization beam splitter II, 7, a single photon detector, 8, a threshold processing module, 9, a data coordination module, 10, a privacy amplification module, 11, an Alice signal generation and modulation device, 12, a Bob signal generation and modulation device, 13, an untrusted third party Charlie measurement device, and 14, an Alice side and Bob side combined post-processing device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a measuring equipment independent quantum key distribution method based on a threshold selection technology, which adopts a measuring equipment independent quantum key distribution system based on the threshold selection technology, and comprises four parts, namely an Alice signal generation and modulation device 11, a Bob signal generation and modulation device 12, an untrusted third party Charlie measuring device 13 and an Alice party and Bob party combined post-processing device 14, as shown in figure 1. (Alice and Bob represent only the two parties in communication sending a signal)
The Alice signal generating and modulating device 11 and the Bob signal generating and modulating device 12 have the same structure, specifically: the device comprises four lasers 1, wherein the four lasers 1 are respectively subjected to polarization modulation (the polarization states are respectively H, V, and +/-) through a polarization beam splitter I2, then polarized light pulses are combined through a beam splitter I3, and after the light pulses are attenuated through an intensity modulator 4, the light pulses are emitted from an Alice signal generating and modulating device 11 and a Bob signal generating and modulating device 12.
The untrusted third party Charlie measuring device 13 comprises a beam splitter II5, the beam splitter II5 receives light pulses of the Alice signal generating and modulating device 11 and the Bob signal generating and modulating device 12 to perform two-photon interference, two polarization beam splitters II6 are symmetrically arranged in front of a light path, and two single photon detectors 7 are symmetrically arranged in front of the light path of each polarization beam splitter II 6. The results of two-photon interference of the light pulses of the Alice signal generating and modulating device 11 and the Bob signal generating and modulating device 12 correspond to one of the four Bell states through the combination of the responses of the single-photon detector 7.
The post-processing structure of the combined post-processing device 10 of the Alice party and the Bob party comprises a threshold selection module 8, a data coordination module 9 and a privacy amplification module 10. The specific working process of threshold post-processing is as follows: firstly, the combined post-processing device 14 of the Alice party and the Bob party acquires basic parameters of the atmospheric turbulence environment, such as turbulence intensity, and selects and establishes a corresponding atmospheric turbulence model, and then the threshold selection module 8 can screen out a signal interval with high transmission rate to extract a secret key, so that the safe secret key rate of the system is further improved. The transmission rate threshold is determined in advance by using an iterative algorithm, and the threshold is used for selecting to discard the channel transmission rate smaller than the threshold value after the selection, the part larger than the threshold value is reserved to ensure higher average channel transmission rate, and then a security key is generated by a classical data coordination module 9 and a privacy amplification module 10.
The threshold post-processing procedure comprises two parts of channel transmission rate threshold determination and key post-processing. In the channel transmission rate threshold determination part, the optimal channel transmission rate threshold is determined under different atmospheric turbulence intensities according to relevant parameters of system equipment. In the post-processing process, by utilizing a channel transmission rate threshold determined in advance, a receiving party divides a received signal into two parts, namely a channel transmission rate greater than the threshold and a channel transmission rate less than the threshold, discards the part less than the threshold, only retains the signal of which the transmission rate is greater than the threshold, and carries out post-processing processes of privacy amplification, key error correction and the like on the signal, thereby extracting a final security key.
Examples
The fixed free space channel loss is 37dB, the atmospheric variance sigma is 0.9, the relation between the key rate and the threshold based on the real-time selection technology BB84 protocol is obtained through simulation, and the relation is compared with the key rate upper limit of a full transmission rate integral model and the traditional BB84 protocol.
As shown in fig. 2, the protocol key rate of the real-time selection technology performed by using the method for distributing the quantum key irrelevant to the measuring device based on the threshold selection technology is higher than that of the conventional protocol. When the improved protocol obtains the optimal threshold of 0.0002, the key rate of the improved protocol reaches the maximum and is close to the upper limit of the key rate based on the full transmission rate integral model, the increase of the threshold improves the average transmission rate of the reserved signals of the system, the key rate is further improved, and the influence is larger than the reverse influence of the shortened signals on the key rate.
The invention relates to a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on a threshold selection technology, which is characterized in that the physical principle of the post-threshold selection technology is utilized, the optimal matching threshold is obtained according to different turbulence intensity models, the accuracy of compensating the atmospheric turbulence influence in a channel environment is increased in a targeted manner, the practicability of a free space measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution protocol under the actual environment condition is improved, and safe and reliable key distribution is realized.
Claims (5)
1.A measuring device independent quantum key distribution method based on threshold selection technology is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing an atmospheric turbulence model;
step 2, inputting the atmospheric turbulence model established in the step 1 into a threshold selection module, and performing threshold post-processing;
and 3, sequentially transmitting the signals processed in the step 2 to a classical data coordination module and a privacy amplification module to generate a security key, and finishing the distribution of the irrelevant quantum key of the measuring equipment.
2. The method for distributing the quantum key independent of the measuring equipment based on the threshold selection technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific process of the step 1 is as follows: and acquiring the turbulence intensity of the atmospheric turbulence environment by adopting the Alice party and Bob party combined post-processing device, and establishing a corresponding atmospheric turbulence model according to the turbulence intensity.
3. The method for distributing the quantum key independent of the measuring equipment based on the threshold selection technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the threshold selection module in step 2 is used to screen out the signal interval with high transmission rate, so as to facilitate extracting the secret key.
4. The method for distributing the quantum key independent of the measuring equipment based on the threshold selection technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: the threshold post-processing process in the step 2 comprises the following steps: inputting the atmospheric turbulence model established in the step 1 into a threshold selection module, so that the optimal channel transmission rate threshold under the turbulence intensity corresponding to the atmospheric turbulence model can be obtained, signals larger than the threshold are retained, and signals smaller than the threshold are discarded.
5. The method for distributing the quantum key independent of the measuring equipment based on the threshold selection technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and 3, sequentially transmitting the signals which are reserved in the step 2 and are larger than the threshold value to a classical data coordination module and a privacy amplification module to generate a safety key and finish the distribution of the irrelevant quantum key of the measuring equipment.
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2020
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