CN111554988A - Auxiliary method and device for quick charging of lithium ion battery based on external ultrasonic field - Google Patents
Auxiliary method and device for quick charging of lithium ion battery based on external ultrasonic field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery quick-charging auxiliary method based on an external ultrasonic field. Further, for the lithium ion battery with the flat-plate structure, the ultrasonic wave is an ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and the application direction is vertical to the electrode plane of the lithium ion battery. The invention optimally sets the ultrasonic frequency and the ultrasonic transmitting power, dynamically adjusts the ultrasonic transmitting time interval according to the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery, and saves energy consumption. The invention also provides a lithium ion battery quick charging auxiliary device based on the additional ultrasonic field, which comprises a controller, an ultrasonic excitation signal emitter, an ultrasonic transducer, a temperature sensor, a current sensor, a multi-channel switcher and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical power supplies, in particular to a lithium ion battery quick-charging auxiliary method and device based on an external ultrasonic field.
Background
The lithium ion secondary battery is also called rocking chair battery, and the main working principle is that the repeatable charging and discharging application is realized by the back and forth embedding and releasing of lithium ions between the anode material and the cathode material of the battery. As an advanced electrochemical energy storage technology, the lithium ion battery is widely applied to the fields of energy storage power stations, 3C electronics, electric vehicles and the like. However, the performance, especially the energy density, of the current lithium ion battery is difficult to fully meet the requirements of practical application. Unfortunately, the energy density of current commercial batteries has approached their theoretical specific capacity, with limited boost space. Therefore, people develop a new way to improve the charging rate of the current lithium ion battery and reduce the requirement on high energy density in practical application through high-speed charging.
The charge rate of a lithium ion secondary battery is limited primarily by the rate of intercalation of lithium ions within its negative electrode material. Taking graphite, which is the most common negative electrode material in current commercial lithium ion batteries, as an example, the graphite realizes conversion between electric energy and chemical energy through reversible lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. During charging, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode material and are embedded into the graphite. However, the intercalation rate of lithium ions in graphite is much lower than the deintercalation rate of the positive electrode material, and if the charging rate is higher than the intercalation rate of lithium ions in graphite during the charging process of the battery, the intercalated lithium ions are deposited on the surface of the graphite negative electrode in the form of atomic lithium metal, and a silver gray substance is formed on the surface of graphite, which is called graphite lithium deposition. The graphite lithium precipitation not only can greatly reduce the cycle life of the lithium ion battery, but also can limit the rate performance of the lithium ion battery, and even can cause the battery to be short-circuited, and further causes serious consequences such as battery fire explosion and the like.
In order to improve the quick charge capacity of the lithium ion battery, at present, three strategies are mainly adopted, the first is to modify a negative electrode material, and through modes of doping, burden wrapping, particle size and morphology optimization and the like, the intercalation difficulty of lithium ions is reduced, and the bearable lithium intercalation current of the material is improved. However, this approach has limited lifting power and greatly increases the complexity of the electrode material production process, resulting in high modification costs and difficult commercial application. The second method is to modify the electrolyte, add suitable electrolyte additives, and inhibit the generation of metallic lithium by the reaction between the additives and the metallic lithium, however, this method does not solve the fundamental problem, and the effect is greatly influenced by the irreversible consumption of the additives with the use of the lithium battery. And the third is to heat the lithium ion battery by adopting a heat effect and charge the lithium ion battery at a higher temperature. Because the diffusion rate of lithium ions can be accelerated at high temperature, the method can improve the quick charge rate of the battery to a certain extent. However, maintaining a higher temperature during battery charging results in a significant amount of energy waste. And other side reactions inside the battery are aggravated by the high temperature, and the service life of the battery is shortened. Moreover, the risk of thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery is increased by charging at high temperature, and the charging safety is reduced.
In summary, the fast charging process of the lithium ion battery is mainly limited by the insertion rate and diffusion rate of lithium ions in the negative electrode material, and when the charging current is greater than the insertion rate and diffusion rate of lithium ions, a lithium separation phenomenon occurs, which causes problems of battery capacity attenuation, internal resistance increase, even short circuit and fire. The traditional method for improving the lithium ion negative electrode intercalation rate and improving the quick charge performance has the defects of high cost, complex application, high energy consumption and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a lithium ion battery quick-charging auxiliary method and device based on an external ultrasonic field, so that the upper limit of the chargeable charging current in the charging process of the lithium ion battery is improved, and the quick-charging capability of the lithium ion battery in a low-temperature environment is obviously improved. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a lithium ion battery quick charging auxiliary method based on an external ultrasonic field, which comprises the following steps:
when the lithium ion battery is charged, ultrasonic waves capable of penetrating the lithium ion battery are applied to the lithium ion battery.
Further, for the lithium ion battery with the flat-plate structure, the ultrasonic wave is ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and the application direction is vertical to the electrode plane of the lithium ion battery;
furthermore, the ultrasonic frequency is different according to the material and the thickness of the lithium ion battery, so that the requirement of meeting the requirement of the lithium ion battery
f is the ultrasonic frequency, d is the lithium ion battery thickness, η is the characteristic parameter influenced by the battery material and process;
1.75x10 for pouch cell η-6～4.4x10-3The hard-shell battery η is 5.5x10-6～1x10-2。
Further, the ultrasonic wave is applied intermittently, and the time interval of ultrasonic wave emission is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery.
Still further, a method of dynamically adjusting the time interval of ultrasonic emission comprises:
(1) measuring a relation curve I of boundary charging currents of lithium ion batteries of the same type under different charge states without ultrasonic waveBoundary of China＝f(x)；IBoundary of ChinaIs the boundary charging current, x is the state of charge;
(2) measuring a transfer function G (t) of the influence of temperature on the boundary charging current; t is the temperature of the lithium ion battery;
(3) measuring a transfer function H (n) of the influence of the ultrasonic wave emission time interval on the boundary charging current; n is an ultrasonic wave emission time interval;
(4) the temperature and the ultrasonic wave are set to have mutually independent effects on the boundary charging current, and the relationship I between the boundary charging current and the temperature, the charge state and the ultrasonic wave emission time interval of the lithium ion battery is deducedBoundary of China＝K(t，n，x)＝G(t)H(n)f(x)；
(5) Reserving the margin of safe charging current to make the boundary charging current IBoundary of China＝k1Taking 1.1-1.3 of I, k 1; through the relational expression of the step (4), the reverse deduction is ensured not to be carried outThe ultrasonic wave emission time interval n which is K required for lithium separation-1(t，k1I, x); i is the current charging current of the lithium ion battery;
according to the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery measured in real time during the charging of the lithium ion battery, the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery are measured in real time through a relational expression n-K-1(t，k1I, x) the ultrasound emission time interval is obtained.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic emission power is mainly determined by the charging power of the lithium battery, and the requirements are met
PSuper-superTransmitting power for ultrasonic wave; d is the thickness of the lithium ion battery; pCharging deviceCharging power for the lithium ion battery; k is a radical of2The ultrasonic coefficient of the battery is taken as the ultrasonic coefficient; for soft package battery k2A value of 30 to 80, a hard shell battery k2The value is between 60 and 100.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a lithium ion battery quick-charging auxiliary device based on an external ultrasonic field, which comprises:
a controller for generating an ultrasonic control signal;
the ultrasonic excitation signal transmitter is used for generating a corresponding ultrasonic excitation signal according to the ultrasonic control signal;
and the ultrasonic transducer is used for generating ultrasonic waves according to the ultrasonic excitation signals to act on the lithium ion battery.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic transducer is in a flat plate shape and is attached to the surface of the lithium ion battery with the flat plate-shaped structure; the ultrasonic wave application direction is perpendicular to the lithium ion battery electrode plane.
Further, the lithium ion battery fast charging auxiliary device based on the external ultrasonic field further comprises:
the temperature sensor is arranged on the lithium ion battery and used for detecting the temperature of the lithium ion battery and feeding the temperature back to the controller;
and the current sensor is arranged in the lithium ion battery charging circuit and used for detecting the charging current of the lithium ion battery and feeding the charging current back to the controller.
Further, the lithium ion battery fast charging auxiliary device based on the external ultrasonic field further comprises:
and the multi-channel switching circuit is arranged between the output end of the ultrasonic excitation signal transmitter and the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
Furthermore, the lithium ion battery fast charging auxiliary device based on the external ultrasonic field,
the controller also acquires the charge state of the lithium ion battery during charging;
the controller controls the frequency, the signal time interval and the signal power of the ultrasonic excitation signal output by the ultrasonic excitation signal transmitter, and controls the frequency, the ultrasonic wave transmitting time interval and the ultrasonic wave transmitting power of the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic transducer;
wherein, the ultrasonic frequency control, the ultrasonic wave emission time interval control and the ultrasonic wave emission power control are respectively as described above.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the lithium ion battery quick-charging auxiliary method based on the external ultrasonic field, the ultrasonic wave is applied to the lithium ion battery, so that the embedding, the separating and the diffusion rate of lithium ions in an electrode material are accelerated, the upper limit of the charging current which can be borne in the charging process of the lithium ion battery is improved, and the maximum charging rate of the battery and the safety in the quick charging process are further improved in an auxiliary mode. The method is simple to implement, low in cost and obvious in effect, and can be effectively applied to most lithium battery models on the premise of not changing the traditional lithium ion battery production process. The lithium ion battery quick-charging auxiliary device based on the external ultrasonic field has the advantages of simple circuit structure, easiness in realization, lower cost and less consumed extra power consumption, and can be simultaneously used for ultrasonic assistance in charging of a plurality of lithium ion batteries.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of a quick charge auxiliary device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of capacity versus cycle number curves for the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a comparison chart of the negative electrode condition of the battery after the cycle test according to the first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of capacity versus cycle number curves for example two of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific figures and examples.
When the lithium ion battery is charged, the boundary charging current is defined as the maximum critical charging current without lithium analysis in the charging process of the lithium ion battery; the nominal rated maximum charging current of a lithium ion battery manufacturer is usually slightly smaller than the boundary charging current, which is considered for safety;
in the experimental process, the application of ultrasonic waves with proper frequency and power is found to be capable of remarkably improving the embedding rate and the diffusion rate of lithium ions in the battery cathode material, so that the maximum boundary charging current which can be borne by the lithium ion battery is improved; the embodiment of the application provides a lithium ion battery quick charging auxiliary method based on an external ultrasonic field, which comprises the steps of applying ultrasonic waves capable of penetrating through a lithium ion battery to the lithium ion battery when the lithium ion battery is charged;
the lithium ion battery is based on the working principle that lithium ions are inserted and removed between a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material, and adopts one material of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate and sulfur as a positive electrode; one of graphite and sulfur is used as a negative electrode; the principle of the application is that the insertion rate and the diffusion rate of lithium ions in the battery cathode material are accelerated by utilizing ultrasonic waves, so the application is effective to the lithium ion batteries based on the working principle of lithium ion insertion and extraction;
the method is particularly suitable for the lithium ion battery with a flat plate structure; the ultrasonic wave is ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and the application direction is vertical to the plane of the lithium ion battery electrode; in the lithium ion battery, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are both in a sheet shape and are alternately arranged, and a diaphragm allowing lithium ions to pass through is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
the ultrasonic transverse waves are not suitable for being adopted, because the lithium ion battery is of a multilayer structure, most of the ultrasonic transverse waves contain an electrolyte layer, and the transverse waves are not transmitted in the liquid, so that the ultrasonic transverse waves cannot pass through the electrolyte layer; the ultrasonic waves are not suitable for ultrasonic surface waves, the ultrasonic surface waves are transmitted along an interface, the ultrasonic waves need to be incident from the end face of the battery perpendicular to the direction of the pole piece, for soft-packaged batteries and most hard-shell batteries, a proper incident cross section is difficult to find from the end face, and along with attenuation of the surface wave intensity in the transmission process, the internal sound field of the battery is uneven, the auxiliary effect of a far sound source area is not good, so that the problems of uneven aging and the like in the surface of the battery are caused; the ultrasonic longitudinal wave is generated simply, and can well pass through the liquid interface layer, and in addition, the lithium ion battery is generally in a flat structure, so that the shortest distance required to penetrate by vertical incidence is minimum in attenuation;
the ultrasonic frequency is different according to the material and the thickness of the lithium ion battery, so that the requirement of meeting the requirement
f is ultrasonic frequency, d is lithium ion battery thickness, η is characteristic parameters influenced by battery material and process, because the penetrating power of ultrasonic longitudinal wave is determined by its frequency, the lower the frequency is, the better the penetrating power is, and the ultrasonic penetrating difficulty of lithium ion batteries of different types and materials is different, meanwhile, the influence of ultrasonic wave on the diffusion rate of lithium ion batteries in different electrode materials is related to the same frequency, the optimal ultrasonic frequency of different materials is different, the ultrasonic penetrating power and sensitivity are comprehensively considered, 1.75x10 is selected for soft package battery η-6～4.4x10-3The hard-shell battery η is 5.5x10-6～1x10-2The lithium ion battery can be effectively applied to most lithium ion batteries on the market;
experiments show that the ultrasonic waves can also play a role in sufficiently improving the maximum boundary charging current which can be borne by the lithium ion battery without continuous emission; therefore, the ultrasonic wave is applied intermittently, and the time interval of ultrasonic wave emission is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) measuring the edges of the lithium ion batteries with the same type under different charge states without the action of ultrasonic wavesRelation curve I of boundary charging currentBoundary of China＝f(x)；IBoundary of ChinaIs the boundary charging current, x is the state of charge;
(2) measuring a transfer function G (t) of the influence of temperature on the boundary charging current; t is the temperature of the lithium ion battery;
(3) measuring a transfer function H (n) of the influence of the ultrasonic wave emission time interval on the boundary charging current; n is an ultrasonic wave emission time interval;
(4) the temperature and the ultrasonic wave are set to have mutually independent effects on the boundary charging current, and the relationship I between the boundary charging current and the temperature, the charge state and the ultrasonic wave emission time interval of the lithium ion battery is deducedBoundary of China＝K(t，n，x)＝G(t)H(n)f(x)；
(5) Reserving the margin of safe charging current to make the boundary charging current IBoundary of ChinaK1, k1 is 1.1-1.3; reversely deducing the ultrasonic wave emission time interval n which is required for ensuring that the lithium precipitation phenomenon does not occur through the relational expression of the step (4)-1(t, k1 × I, x); i is the current charging current of the lithium ion battery;
according to the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery measured in real time during the charging of the lithium ion battery, the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery are measured in real time through a relational expression n-K-1(t, k1 × I, x) the ultrasound emission time interval is obtained.
The method can obviously reduce the additional power consumption when the method is applied; in the experiment, the improvement of the lithium separation of the negative electrode in the quick charging process of the lithium ion battery is found not to be necessarily realized by using continuous ultrasonic waves, and an ideal effect can be obtained by transmitting ultrasonic excitation once at certain intervals; the lower the temperature of the lithium ion battery is, the higher the charge state is or the higher the battery charging current is, the higher the demand on the diffusion rate of lithium ions is, so that the required ultrasonic excitation time interval is shorter; the transmitting interval of the ultrasonic wave is dynamically adjusted according to the state of the battery, so that the power consumption of the lithium ion battery quick-charging auxiliary method based on the external ultrasonic field can be reduced to the minimum;
the ultrasonic emission power is mainly determined by the charging power of the lithium battery and meets the requirement
PSuper-superTransmitting power for ultrasonic wave; d is the thickness of the lithium ion battery; pCharging deviceCharging power for the lithium ion battery; k2 is the ultrasonic coefficient of the battery; the ultrasonic wave transmitting power is too low to penetrate through the battery, and the intensity is not enough to cause the change of the lithium ion intercalation and diffusion rate; the energy waste is caused by the over-high ultrasonic emission power, the k2 value of a soft package battery is preferably 30-80, and the k2 value of a hard shell battery is preferably 60-100;
the embodiment of the application also provides a lithium ion battery quick charging auxiliary device based on an external ultrasonic field, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a current sensor 2, an ultrasonic transducer 3, a temperature sensor 5, a multi-channel switching circuit 6, an ultrasonic excitation signal emitter 7 and a controller 8;
each output end of the existing charging management circuit 1 is respectively connected with each lithium ion battery 4; a current sensor 2 is arranged on a line between the output end of the charging management circuit 1 and the corresponding lithium ion battery 4; the ultrasonic transducer 3 is configured into a flat plate shape and is attached to the surface of the lithium ion battery 4 with the flat plate-shaped structure; the ultrasonic wave application direction is vertical to the lithium ion battery electrode plane; the temperature sensor 5 is arranged on the lithium ion battery 4;
the ultrasonic control signal output end of the controller 8 is connected with the input end of the ultrasonic excitation signal emitter 7, and the switching signal output end of the controller 8 is connected with the switching control end of the multi-channel switching circuit 6; the controller 8 receives the state of charge of each lithium ion battery 4 obtained by the charging management circuit 1, and the controller 8 obtains the temperature and the charging current of each lithium ion battery 4 through the multi-channel switching circuit 6;
according to the lithium ion battery to be applied by the ultrasonic wave, the controller 8 generates a corresponding ultrasonic control signal, so that the ultrasonic excitation signal emitter generates a corresponding ultrasonic excitation signal and sends the ultrasonic excitation signal to a corresponding ultrasonic transducer through the multi-channel switching circuit 6; the ultrasonic transducer generates corresponding ultrasonic waves; the frequency of the ultrasonic waves, the time interval of the ultrasonic wave transmission, and the control of the ultrasonic wave transmission power are as described above;
the first embodiment; the rapid charging of the ternary material soft package battery at normal temperature is assisted by an external ultrasonic field;
in the embodiment, the charging management circuit 1 is replaced by a novyi battery tester to simulate the actual working scene of the lithium ion battery; the controller 8 is an STM32 single chip microcomputer and is communicated with a battery tester through an RJ45 interface to acquire the charge state information of each lithium ion battery 4; acquiring the charging current and temperature of the lithium ion battery through the current sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 5; the controller 8 sends an ultrasonic control signal to the ultrasonic excitation signal emitter 7 through RS485 communication, controls the multi-channel switching circuit 6 through RS485 communication, and simultaneously serves a plurality of batteries in a multi-channel switching mode; the ultrasonic transducer 3 is a PZT piezoelectric ceramic piece, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 is tightly attached to the surface of the battery to be assisted through epoxy resin glue;
randomly extracting two commercial ternary material soft package batteries of the same batch, and respectively marking the batteries as a battery A and a battery B; the battery anode material is LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2The cathode material is artificial graphite, the nominal capacity is 1Ah, the specified working temperature of a manufacturer is 5-40 ℃, and the rated maximum charging current of the manufacturer is 1.5A;
placing the two extracted batteries in a constant temperature box at 25 ℃ and connecting the two extracted batteries with a Xinwei battery charge-discharge tester; the battery A is attached with a PZT piezoelectric ceramic piece and a temperature sensor and is connected with a current sensor;
carrying out high-speed charge-discharge cycle test on the two batteries by using a Xinwei battery tester at a current of 5A, carrying out ultrasonic assistance on the battery A, and not carrying out ultrasonic assistance on the battery B;
in the embodiment, the ultrasonic frequency is selected to be 250 KHz; the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is set to
Wherein t is the temperature of the battery and comes from a temperature sensor, x is the current state of charge of the battery and takes a value of 0% to 1%, I is the current charging current, I0The maximum charging current is rated for the battery, the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is larger when the temperature of the battery is higher, and the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is smaller when the charge state of the battery is higher; ultrasonic emission voltage set to
I is the present charging current, I0The rated maximum charging current of the battery is adopted, the larger the charging current is, the higher the ultrasonic emission voltage is, and the larger the ultrasonic intensity is;
FIG. 2 shows the curves of capacity-cycle number for battery A and battery B charged and discharged at high speed at normal temperature; as shown, cell B capacity without ultrasonic assistance decayed very severely during 100 cycles; the charging current of 5A is far larger than the rated maximum charging current of the battery, the intercalation and diffusion speed of lithium ions in the graphite cathode can not meet the charging current density, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon occurs on the graphite surface; high-activity metal lithium precipitated on the surface of the graphite reacts with the electrolyte, active lithium ions in the battery are consumed, and the overall capacity of the battery is reduced; the capacity of the battery A assisted by the ultrasound is still stable after 100 cycles, which shows that the lithium ion battery quick charge auxiliary method based on the external ultrasound field effectively improves the quick charge capacity of the battery;
fig. 3 (a) and (B) respectively show negative electrode disassembled photographs of battery a and battery B after the cycle test, and it can be seen from the photographs that after battery B without ultrasonic assistance undergoes 100 cycles of 5A current cycle charge and discharge, a layer of silver gray substance is generated on the surface of the negative electrode, and this substance is a product after the reaction of metal lithium precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode, if the cycle test is continued, the metal lithium precipitated on the side of the negative electrode continues to grow, and there is a risk of battery short circuit and ignition caused by puncturing the battery diaphragm; after 100 circles of 5A current is circularly charged and discharged, the surface of the negative electrode of the battery A with ultrasonic assistance is neat and clean, and no obvious lithium precipitation occurs; this further demonstrates the effectiveness of the lithium ion battery fast charge assist method based on the applied ultrasound field in the present application.
Example two; the lithium iron phosphate hard-shell battery is rapidly charged at low temperature by the aid of an external ultrasonic field;
in the embodiment, the charging management circuit 1 is replaced by a novyi battery tester to simulate the actual working scene of the lithium ion battery; the controller 8 is an STM32 single chip microcomputer and is communicated with a battery tester through an RJ45 interface to acquire the charge state information of each lithium ion battery 4; acquiring the charging current and temperature of the lithium ion battery through the current sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 5; the controller 8 sends an ultrasonic control signal to the ultrasonic excitation signal emitter 7 through RS485 communication, controls the multi-channel switching circuit 6 through RS485 communication, and simultaneously serves a plurality of batteries in a multi-channel switching mode; the ultrasonic transducer 3 is a PZT piezoelectric ceramic piece, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 is tightly attached to the surface of the battery to be assisted through epoxy resin glue;
two commercial lithium iron phosphate hard-shell batteries of the same batch are randomly extracted and respectively marked as a battery C and a battery D. The battery anode material is LiFePO4The cathode material is artificial graphite, the nominal capacity is 5Ah, the specified working temperature of a manufacturer is 5-45 ℃, and the rated maximum charging current of the manufacturer is 5A;
placing the two extracted batteries in a thermostat at the temperature of-5 ℃ and connecting the two extracted batteries with a Xinwei battery tester; the battery C is attached with a PZT piezoelectric ceramic piece and a temperature sensor and is connected with a current sensor;
carrying out high-speed charge-discharge cycle test on the two batteries by using a Xinwei battery tester at a current of 10A, carrying out ultrasonic assistance on the battery C, and not carrying out ultrasonic assistance on the battery D;
in the embodiment, the ultrasonic frequency is selected to be 50 KHz; the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is set to
Wherein t is the temperature of the battery and comes from a temperature sensor, x is the current state of charge of the battery and takes a value of 0% to 1%, I is the current charging current, I0The maximum charging current is rated for the battery, the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is larger when the temperature of the battery is higher, and the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is smaller when the charge state of the battery is higher; ultrasonic emission voltage set to
I is the present charging current, I0The maximum charging current is rated for the battery, and the larger the charging current is, the higher the ultrasonic emission voltage is, and the larger the ultrasonic intensity is;
fig. 4 shows a capacity-cycle number curve of low-temperature high-speed charge and discharge of battery C and battery D; as shown, cell D without ultrasonic assistance had severely degraded capacity during 100 cycles; the working temperature of the battery is far lower than the rated working temperature, the lithium ions are seriously hindered from being embedded into the graphite cathode at low temperature, and meanwhile, the charging current of 10A is larger than the rated charging current of the battery, so the lithium precipitation phenomenon occurs on the graphite surface, and the performance of the battery is rapidly attenuated; the capacity of the battery C assisted by ultrasound is still stable after 100 cycles, which shows that the lithium ion battery quick charge assisting method based on the external ultrasound field effectively improves the quick charge capacity of the battery at low temperature.
In the third embodiment, the rapid charging of a group of ternary material soft package batteries under complex working conditions is assisted by an external ultrasonic field;
in the embodiment, the charging management circuit 1 is replaced by a novyi battery tester to simulate the actual working scene of the lithium ion battery; the controller 8 is an STM32 single chip microcomputer and is communicated with a battery tester through an RJ45 interface to acquire the charge state information of each lithium ion battery 4; acquiring the charging current and temperature of the lithium ion battery through the current sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 5; the controller 8 sends an ultrasonic control signal to the ultrasonic excitation signal emitter 7 through RS485 communication, controls the multi-channel switching circuit 6 through RS485 communication, and simultaneously serves a plurality of batteries in a multi-channel switching mode; the ultrasonic transducer 3 is a PZT piezoelectric ceramic piece, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 is tightly attached to the surface of the battery to be assisted through epoxy resin glue;
randomly extracting ten ternary material soft package batteries; the battery anode material is LiFePO4The cathode material is artificial graphite, the nominal capacity is 5Ah, the specified working temperature of a manufacturer is 5-45 ℃, and the rated maximum charging current of the manufacturer is 5A;
placing the extracted battery in a constant temperature box, and setting the temperature to be within-5-45 ℃ to randomly change so as to simulate the actual use environment of the battery; all batteries are connected with a Xinwei battery tester and are pasted with PZT piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the temperature sensor is connected with a current sensor;
carrying out high-speed charge-discharge cycle test on all batteries by using a current of 5A through a Xinwei battery tester, and carrying out ultrasonic assistance on all batteries by using a battery quick-charging auxiliary device in a multi-channel switching mode;
in the embodiment, the ultrasonic frequency is selected to be 250 KHz; the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is set to
Wherein t is the temperature of the battery and comes from a temperature sensor, x is the current state of charge of the battery and takes a value of 0% to 1%, I is the current charging current0The maximum charging current is rated for the battery, the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is larger when the temperature of the battery is higher, and the ultrasonic wave emission time interval is smaller when the charge state of the battery is higher; ultrasonic emission voltage set to
I is the present charging current, I0The maximum charging current is rated for the battery, and the larger the charging current is, the higher the ultrasonic emission voltage is, and the larger the ultrasonic intensity is;
the capacity of ten batteries simultaneously assisted by ultrasound is still stable after 100 cycles at a high current and random environment temperature, and the energy consumed by the ultrasound auxiliary device in the process is counted to be 0.25% of the total charging energy of the ten batteries, which shows that the method can rapidly charge and assist a plurality of lithium ion batteries with lower energy consumption, and has excellent effect and huge application prospect.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A lithium ion battery quick charging auxiliary method based on an external ultrasonic field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the lithium ion battery is charged, ultrasonic waves capable of penetrating the lithium ion battery are applied to the lithium ion battery.
2. The lithium ion battery fast charging auxiliary method based on the external ultrasonic field according to claim 1,
for the lithium ion battery with a flat plate structure, the ultrasonic wave is ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and the application direction is vertical to the electrode plane of the lithium ion battery.
3. The lithium ion battery fast charging auxiliary method based on the external ultrasonic field according to claim 1 or 2,
the ultrasonic frequency is different according to the material and the thickness of the lithium ion battery, so that the requirement of meeting the requirement
f is the ultrasonic frequency, d is the lithium ion battery thickness, η is the characteristic parameter influenced by the battery material and process;
1.75x10 for pouch cell η-6～4.4x10-3The hard-shell battery η is 5.5x10-6～1x10-2。
4. The lithium ion battery fast charging auxiliary method based on the external ultrasonic field according to claim 1 or 2,
the ultrasonic wave is applied intermittently, and the time interval of ultrasonic wave emission is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery.
5. The lithium ion battery fast charging auxiliary method based on the applied ultrasonic field as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method for dynamically adjusting the time interval of ultrasonic wave emission comprises:
(1) measuring a relation curve I of boundary charging currents of lithium ion batteries of the same type under different charge states without ultrasonic waveBoundary of China＝f(x)；IBoundary of ChinaIs the boundary charging current, x is the state of charge;
(2) measuring a transfer function G (t) of the influence of temperature on the boundary charging current; t is the temperature of the lithium ion battery;
(3) measuring a transfer function H (n) of the influence of the ultrasonic wave emission time interval on the boundary charging current; n is an ultrasonic wave emission time interval;
(4) the temperature and the ultrasonic wave are set to have mutually independent effects on the boundary charging current, and the relationship I between the boundary charging current and the temperature, the charge state and the ultrasonic wave emission time interval of the lithium ion battery is deducedBoundary of China＝K(t，n，x)＝G(t)H(n)f(x)；
(5) Reserving the margin of safe charging current to make the boundary charging current IBoundary of China＝k1*I，k1Taking the mixture between 1.1 and 1.3; reversely deducing the ultrasonic wave emission time interval n which is required for ensuring that the lithium precipitation phenomenon does not occur through the relational expression of the step (4)-1(t，k1I, x); i is the current charging current of the lithium ion battery;
according to the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery measured in real time during the charging of the lithium ion battery, the temperature, the charge state and the current charging current of the lithium ion battery are measured in real time through a relational expression n-K-1(t，k1I, x) the ultrasound emission time interval is obtained.
6. The lithium ion battery fast charging auxiliary method based on the external ultrasonic field according to claim 1 or 2,
the ultrasonic emission power is mainly determined by the charging power of the lithium battery and meets the requirement
PSuper-superTransmitting power for ultrasonic wave; d is the thickness of the lithium ion battery; pCharging deviceCharging power for the lithium ion battery; k is a radical of2The ultrasonic coefficient of the battery is taken as the ultrasonic coefficient; for soft package battery k2A value of 30 to 80, a hard shell battery k2The value is between 60 and 100.
7. The utility model provides a lithium ion battery auxiliary device that fills soon based on plus ultrasonic field which characterized in that includes:
a controller for generating an ultrasonic control signal;
the ultrasonic excitation signal transmitter is used for generating a corresponding ultrasonic excitation signal according to the ultrasonic control signal;
and the ultrasonic transducer is used for generating ultrasonic waves according to the ultrasonic excitation signals to act on the lithium ion battery.
8. The lithium ion battery fast-charging auxiliary device based on the applied ultrasonic field according to claim 7,
the ultrasonic transducer is configured into a flat plate shape and is attached to the surface of the lithium ion battery with the flat plate-shaped structure; the ultrasonic wave application direction is perpendicular to the lithium ion battery electrode plane.
9. The lithium ion battery fast-charging auxiliary device based on the applied ultrasonic field according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising:
the temperature sensor is arranged on the lithium ion battery and used for detecting the temperature of the lithium ion battery and feeding the temperature back to the controller;
and the current sensor is arranged in the lithium ion battery charging circuit and used for detecting the charging current of the lithium ion battery and feeding the charging current back to the controller.
10. The lithium ion battery fast-charging auxiliary device based on the applied ultrasonic field according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising:
and the multi-channel switching circuit is arranged between the output end of the ultrasonic excitation signal transmitter and the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
11. The lithium ion battery fast-charging auxiliary device based on the applied ultrasonic field according to claim 9,
the controller also acquires the charge state of the lithium ion battery during charging;
the controller controls the frequency, the signal time interval and the signal power of the ultrasonic excitation signal output by the ultrasonic excitation signal transmitter, and controls the frequency, the ultrasonic wave transmitting time interval and the ultrasonic wave transmitting power of the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic transducer;
wherein the ultrasonic frequency control is as defined in claim 3; the time interval of the ultrasonic emission is controlled as set forth in claim 5; the ultrasonic transmission power control is as set forth in claim 6.
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