CN111554951B - Metal bipolar plate of fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Metal bipolar plate of fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111554951B CN111554951B CN202010558037.1A CN202010558037A CN111554951B CN 111554951 B CN111554951 B CN 111554951B CN 202010558037 A CN202010558037 A CN 202010558037A CN 111554951 B CN111554951 B CN 111554951B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XENVCRGQTABGKY-ZHACJKMWSA-N chlorohydrin Chemical compound CC#CC#CC#CC#C\C=C\C(Cl)CO XENVCRGQTABGKY-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0286—Processes for forming seals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell metal bipolar plate and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In the structure of the bipolar plate, circular holes are distributed on the ridges of the cathode flow field, which is beneficial to the transmission of the reaction gas under the ridges and the generated water, and also beneficial to the dissipation of the reaction heat at the ridges, thereby being beneficial to improving the current density and the distribution uniformity thereof, and improving the performance and the service life of the fuel cell; the two sides of the cathode flow field groove are uniformly distributed with oblique grids, on one hand, part of unreacted gas passing through the flow field ridge is forced to flow into the cathode flow field groove, and the part of gas flowing into the cathode flow field groove plays a role in air blocking, namely back pressure, on the reactant gas originally flowing through the cathode flow field groove, thereby being beneficial to improving the current density of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell metal bipolar plate and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Background
The hydrogen energy is a recognized clean energy source, has the characteristics of high energy density, zero emission, high efficiency, wide source and reproducibility, and meets the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development. The hydrogen energy industry is known as 'industry without ceilings', has huge industrial chain and wide involved range, and has huge portability to related industries and economic development.
The hydrogen can be obtained by renewable energy sources, and can also be obtained by means of traditional energy source low carbonization technology, and the technical revolution of the hydrogen energy obtaining mode is helpful for promoting the crossing development of traditional energy enterprises in China, so that the clean fossil energy and clean energy scale prospect are realized.
With the increasing importance of the nation on clean energy, the planning and supporting force on the field of hydrogen fuel cells are increased in China, and the policy is more and more concentrated. In 2019, the development of hydrogen energy enters government work reports for the first time, and fuel cells become an important pole of new energy strategy in China. Under the conditions that the technical icebreaking and the national support policy are very definite, the support policy and the matched measures in each place are continuously followed.
The fuel cell is used as a core application link of a hydrogen energy industry chain, the technical reliability of the fuel cell determines the progress of the hydrogen energy industry, and through years of development, the fuel cell technology in China is greatly improved, but the fuel cell has the defects in industrialization, such as low current density of the fuel cell, long service life of the fuel cell and the like.
The flow field of the fuel cell is composed of grooves and ridges, gas enters the flow field grooves and then enters the gas diffusion layer under the diffusion action to reach the surface of the catalytic layer to participate in the reaction, and the distance that the gas experiences from the flow field grooves to the surface of the catalytic layer corresponding to the flow field ridges is longer, so that the current density and the distribution uniformity of the fuel cell are not improved, and especially under the condition of high current density, the supply of the reaction gas on the surface of the catalytic layer corresponding to the flow field ridges is insufficient, so that the performance of the fuel cell is not improved. In addition, the reaction generated water at the flow field ridge is not easy to discharge, so that flooding is easy to cause, and the service life of the fuel cell is influenced.
In addition, the durability of the current PEMFC engine is somewhat different from that expected. Among them, the life of a PEMFC stack (also called a "hydrogen fuel cell stack", abbreviated as "stack") is an important factor affecting the durability of the PEMFC engine, and the sealability of the stack is one of the key factors affecting the life of the stack. The hydrogen fuel cell stack is formed by stacking and combining a plurality of unit cells in series. When the single battery electrodes are connected, strict sealing is required, poor sealing can lead to hydrogen leakage, the utilization rate of hydrogen is reduced, the efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is affected, and when serious, the battery cannot work, and the service life of the electric stack is affected. In particular, the high-pressure high-power-density hydrogen fuel cell stack has the characteristic of large air inlet pressure, and the requirement on gas sealing is more strict. From the aspect of sealing structure, proton exchange membrane fuel cell is multilayer structure, all contains the material conveying runner that can independently carry out electrochemical reaction in each layer, in order to prevent reactant hydrogen, air and coolant leakage, has corresponding sealing structure between the layer design, and sealing structure's reliability has directly decided fuel cell's life. At present, the main current sealing technology in China comprises dispensing sealing and prefabricating forming sealing. For the dispensing sealing process, a dispensing machine is adopted to perform dispensing on the surface of the bipolar plate, the cured adhesive tape has high and low errors (the difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the adhesive tape on the bipolar plate is more than 50 mu m), particularly, the dispensing node and the starting point are difficult to process, on one hand, the air tightness of the bipolar plate is easily failed, the normal operation of a galvanic pile is influenced, and on the other hand, the uniformity of the compression quantity of the gas diffusion layer is influenced due to the fact that the adhesive tape has high and low errors, so that the service life of the galvanic pile is influenced. The adoption of the prefabricated formed (sealing gasket) sealing means that the silicon rubber sealing gasket is arranged on the bipolar plate and is in extrusion sealing with the membrane electrode frame, the existing integrated operation process of the prefabricated formed sealing gasket and the bipolar plate is complex, the efficiency is low, and the continuity and the automation are difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the invention is to provide a new bipolar plate structure, which can effectively improve the supply of reaction gas on the surface of a catalytic layer and improve the performance of a battery. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell sealing method which is simple, efficient, highly accurate, low in cost, and easy to implement in continuity and automation, by performing a technical innovation based on the drawbacks of the current pre-forming sealing method.
In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided:
a fuel cell metal bipolar plate comprising: an anode plate, a cathode plate, a sealing gasket B and a sealing gasket C;
the cathode plate is formed by laminating a cathode support plate and a cathode guide plate, the cathode guide plate faces the anode plate, the cathode guide plate is formed by orderly staggering cathode flow field grooves and cathode flow field ridges, the cathode flow field grooves are protruded out of the cathode flow field ridges, round holes are formed in the cathode flow field ridges, and inclined grids are formed in the side faces of the cathode flow field grooves.
In one embodiment, one end of the anode plate is provided with an anode gas inlet common channel and an anode gas inlet, and the other end of the anode plate is provided with an anode tail row common channel and an anode gas outlet, and the anode gas inlet common channel is communicated with the anode gas inlet and is used for supplying hydrogen into the anode plate; the anode tail row common channel is communicated with the anode gas outlet and is used for discharging the reacted gas.
In one embodiment, the upper part of the anode plate is also provided with a sealing gasket A, and two ends of the sealing gasket A are provided with openings so that the anode gas inlet, the anode flow field and the anode gas outlet are communicated.
In one embodiment, the middle of the anode plate is the anode flow field.
In one embodiment, the inside of the sealing gasket B and the inside of the sealing gasket C are hollow structures, the anode gas inlet common channel is communicated with the anode gas inlet through the sealing gasket B, and the anode tail row common channel is communicated with the anode gas outlet through the sealing gasket C.
In one embodiment, the cathode plate is further provided with an air inlet and an air outlet.
In one embodiment, the structure of the diagonal grid comprises a plurality of separators, wherein the planes of the separators form an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the plane direction of the side surface of the cathode flow field groove, and the planes of the separators form an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the plane direction of the cathode plate.
In one embodiment, the gasket B and the gasket C are connected with the anode plate and the cathode plate through glue.
In one embodiment, the gasket a is connected to the anode plate by glue.
In one embodiment, the anode flow field is a parallel flow field, a serpentine flow field, or a punctiform flow field.
In one embodiment, the cathode flow field ridge has a ridge width of 1-4mm; the diameter of the round hole is 0.5-3.5mm, and the pitch of the hole is 1-4mm.
In one embodiment, the cathode flow field channels have a channel depth of 1-4mm, a channel width of 1-4mm, and a separator spacing of 1-4mm.
In one embodiment, the anode plate, the cathode support plate and the cathode guide plate are made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum, nickel or copper.
In one embodiment, the connection between the sealing pad a and the anode plate is obtained by processing through a jig.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided:
a fuel cell bipolar plate manufacturing jig comprising:
the first jig is plate-shaped, one surface of the first jig is divided into a first area and a second area, the shape of the second area is the same as that of a sealing gasket to be processed, and fine holes are distributed in the first area and the second area; the first jig is also provided with a first interface and a second interface, the pores in the first area are communicated with the first interface, and the pores in the second area are communicated with the second interface;
the second jig is plate-shaped, fine holes are distributed on one surface of the second jig, the shape of an area formed by the fine holes is the same as that of a sealing gasket to be processed, a third interface is further arranged on the second jig, and the third interface is communicated with the fine holes on the second jig;
the third jig is plate-shaped, fine holes are distributed on one surface of the third jig, the third jig is further provided with a fourth interface, and the fourth interface is communicated with the fine holes on the third jig.
In one embodiment, the first interface and the second interface are located on a side surface of the first fixture.
In one embodiment, the third interface is located at a side of the second fixture.
In one embodiment, the fourth interface is located at a side of the third fixture.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and the negative pressure suction equipment is used for performing negative pressure suction operation on the first interface, the second interface, the third interface and the fourth interface.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and the cutting device is used for performing cutting processing operation on the sealing gasket positioned on the first jig.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided:
a method of manufacturing a bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprising the steps of:
placing an initial sealing gasket on the surface of a first jig, sucking vacuum through a first interface and a second interface to enable the initial sealing gasket to be attached to the surface of the first jig, and then cutting the initial sealing gasket according to the shape of the sealing gasket to be processed to obtain a second sealing gasket;
pressing the surface with the fine holes of the second jig to the surface with the second sealing gasket of the first jig obtained in the first step, sucking vacuum to the third interface, stopping sucking vacuum to the second interface, and enabling the second sealing gasket to suck the second sealing gasket;
placing the polar plate on the surface of the third jig, vacuumizing the fourth interface, gluing the polar plate in a sealing groove of the polar plate, and matching the shape of the sealing groove with the shape and the size of the second sealing gasket, preferably, interference fit;
and step, pressing the surface, with the second sealing gasket, of the second jig obtained in the step to the surface, with the glue obtained in the step, so that the second sealing gasket is bonded with the glue, and closing the vacuum on the third interface and the fourth interface.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of measuring the width, the height and the offset of the second sealing gasket on the polar plate, wherein the width, the height and the offset are all within the error range, and the qualified sealing product is obtained.
In one embodiment, the primary gasket is made of nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, natural rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, ethylene propylene rubber or epichlorohydrin rubber.
In one embodiment, the step of cutting is a laser cut or a knife die cut.
In one embodiment, the method of applying the glue in the step is dispensing, injecting glue, screen printing, spraying or brushing.
In one embodiment, the glue in the step is a nitrile rubber adhesive, a neoprene adhesive, a natural rubber adhesive, a silicone rubber adhesive, or a fluororubber adhesive.
In one embodiment, the errors in the width, height and offset of the strip in step 5 are + -0.03 mm, respectively.
In one embodiment, the measurement method in step 5 is a laser measurement, a vernier caliper measurement or a micrometer measurement.
Advantageous effects
(a) Circular holes are distributed on the ridges of the cathode flow field, which is beneficial to the transmission of reaction gas and generated water under the ridges, the emission of reaction heat at the ridges, the improvement of current density and distribution uniformity thereof, and the improvement of the performance and service life of the fuel cell;
(b) The two sides of the cathode flow field groove are uniformly distributed with oblique grids, on one hand, part of unreacted gas passing through the flow field ridge is forced to flow into the cathode flow field groove, the part of gas flowing into the cathode flow field groove plays a role in gas blocking, namely back pressure, on the reactant gas originally flowing through the cathode flow field groove, so that the current density of the fuel cell is improved;
(c) The method is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of cathode reaction gas, thereby reducing the power requirement of cathode supply gas and simplifying the requirement on an auxiliary system of the fuel cell;
(d) The bipolar plate has a simple structure, is easy to realize serialization and automation, and is convenient for assembling the galvanic pile.
(e) In the sealing manufacturing process of the bipolar plate, only 3 sets of jigs are needed to be used as assistance, and the method is simple and easy to operate; excessive manual participation is not needed, the production efficiency is high, and the cost is low; the sealing precision can be improved by controlling the precision of the jig and the rubber pad, and the high-precision sealing is easy to realize; the method is easy to realize serialization and automation, and can further reduce the cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structural view of a bipolar plate provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a component exploded view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a cathode plate portion;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cathode plate air inlet and outlet structure;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a region of a separator;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a region of a separator;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of bipolar plate processing step 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of bipolar plate processing step 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of bipolar plate processing step 3;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of bipolar plate processing step 4;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the comparison of the performance effects of the battery according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the comparison of the performance effects of the battery according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the average concentration of oxygen in a catalytic layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the device comprises a 1-anode plate, a 2-sealing gasket A, a 3-cathode plate, a 4-sealing gasket B, a 5-sealing gasket C, a 6-anode gas inlet common channel, a 7-anode tail row common channel, an 8-anode gas inlet, a 9-anode gas outlet, a 10-anode flow field, an 11-cathode guide plate, a 12-cathode support plate, a 13-cathode flow field ridge, a 14-cathode flow field groove, a 15-diagonal grid, 16-round holes and a 17-separator; 18-first jig, 19-second jig, 20-third jig, 21-first interface, 22-second interface 22, 23-third interface 23, 24-fourth interface 24, 25-initial gasket, 26-first gasket, 27-second gasket, 28-polar plate, 29-sealing grooves 29, 30, and adhesive.
Description of the embodiments
In the structure of the bipolar plate, circular holes are distributed on the ridges of the cathode flow field, which is beneficial to the transmission of the reaction gas under the ridges and the generated water, and also beneficial to the dissipation of the reaction heat at the ridges, thereby being beneficial to improving the current density and the distribution uniformity thereof, and improving the performance and the service life of the fuel cell; the two sides of the cathode flow field groove are uniformly distributed with oblique grids, on one hand, part of unreacted gas passing through the flow field ridge is forced to flow into the cathode flow field groove, and the part of gas flowing into the cathode flow field groove plays a role in air blocking, namely back pressure, on the other hand, the part of gas flowing into the cathode flow field groove obliquely flows to the membrane electrode reaction surface corresponding to the cathode flow field groove, so that the flow intensity of the part of gas flowing into the cathode flow field groove to the membrane electrode reaction surface is enhanced, the gas concentration distribution of the membrane electrode reaction surface is increased, the current density of the fuel cell is improved, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved. The bipolar plate provided by the invention has the advantages of simple sealing and manufacturing process, easiness in operation, easiness in realizing high-precision sealing, capability of realizing continuity and automation, reduction of manufacturing cost of the bipolar plate and improvement of production efficiency of the bipolar plate.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the metal bipolar plate of the fuel cell provided by the invention is composed of an anode plate 1, a sealing gasket A2, a cathode plate 3, a sealing gasket B4 and a sealing gasket C5. The sealing gasket A2 is connected with the anode plate 1 through adhesive; the anode plate 1 is connected with the sealing gasket B and the sealing gasket C5 through adhesive; the cathode plate 3 is connected with the sealing gasket B and the sealing gasket C5 through bonding glue; the front end of the anode plate 1 is provided with an anode gas inlet public channel 6 and an anode gas inlet 8, the middle section is provided with an anode flow field 10, the rear end is provided with an anode tail row public channel 7 and an anode gas outlet 9, the anode plate 1 is a metal base plate with a graphite base runner formed on an anode plate, the anode gas inlet public channel 6 is communicated with the anode gas inlet through a sealing gasket B4, and the anode tail row public channel 7 is communicated with the anode gas outlet 9 through a sealing gasket C5; the cathode plate 3 consists of a cathode supporting plate 12 and a cathode guide plate 11, the cathode supporting plate 12 is a metal flat plate with a hollow middle part and two ends respectively provided with an anode air inlet common channel 6 and an anode tail row common channel 7, the cathode guide plate 11 consists of a cathode flow field groove 14 and a cathode flow field ridge 13, the cathode flow field ridge 13 is uniformly provided with round holes 16, and two sides of the cathode flow field groove 14 are uniformly provided with inclined grids 15. As shown in fig. 4, the structure of the diagonal grid 15 includes a plurality of separators 17, the planes of the separators 17 form an angle of 30-60 ° with the plane direction of the side face of the cathode flow field groove 14 (the structure shown in fig. 6), and the planes of the separators 17 form an angle of 30-60 ° with the plane direction of the cathode plate 3 (the structure shown in fig. 5). The cathode plate used in this embodiment may be an open cathode, and may be directly cooled by air (as shown in fig. 4), or may be provided with an air inlet and an air outlet according to the prior art, and the present invention is not limited to this structure.
When the structure is adopted, hydrogen firstly enters the anode flow field 10 through the anode gas inlet common channel 6 and the anode gas inlet 8, and then is discharged through the anode gas outlet 9 and the anode tail row common channel 7. The hydrogen in the anode inlet common passage 6 can be introduced into each group of anode plates 1 through the hollow structures of the gasket B4 and the gasket C5, respectively, and the gas after reaction in the anode plates 1 can be discharged from the anode tail common passage 7.
Circular holes are distributed on the ridges of the cathode flow field at the position of the cathode plate 2, which is beneficial to the transmission of the reaction gas under the ridges and the generated water, the emission of the reaction heat at the ridges, the improvement of the current density and the distribution uniformity thereof, and the improvement of the performance and the service life of the fuel cell.
In addition, the two sides of the cathode flow field groove 14 are uniformly distributed with inclined grids 15 similar to a shutter structure, on one hand, part of unreacted gas passing through the flow field ridge 13 is forced to flow into the cathode flow field groove 14, and the part of the gas flowing into the cathode flow field groove plays a role in air blocking, namely back pressure, on the other hand, the part of the gas flowing into the cathode flow field groove has an included angle with the plane direction of the side surface of the cathode flow field groove 14, and forms an air curtain in the cathode flow field groove after passing through the included angle, thus generating air blocking for internal gas, being beneficial to improving the current density of the fuel cell, and on the other hand, the part of the gas flowing into the cathode flow field groove obliquely enters the membrane electrode reaction surface corresponding to the cathode flow field groove instead of relying on the traditional diffusion, thus increasing the gas concentration distribution of the membrane electrode reaction surface, being beneficial to improving the current density of the fuel cell and improving the performance of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the adhesive is glue or double-sided tape.
In one embodiment, the gasket A2 is formed by dispensing, gasket cutting, screen printing, or glue injection.
In one embodiment, the anode flow field is a parallel flow field, a serpentine flow field, or a punctiform flow field.
In one embodiment, the anode flow field is formed by screen printing, spraying or casting.
In one embodiment, the gasket B4 or the gasket C5 is formed by dispensing, cutting, screen printing, or injection molding.
In one embodiment, the cathode support plate and the cathode guide plate are connected by laser welding or double-sided adhesive tape bonding.
In one embodiment, the width of the cathode flow field ridge is 1-4mm, the diameter of the round hole on the ridge is 0.5-3.5mm, and the hole pitch is 1-4mm.
The depth of the cathode flow field groove is 1-4mm, the width of the groove is 1-4mm, and the spacing of the separator plates 17 is 1-4mm.
When the anode plate 1 and the sealing gasket A2 are compositely fixed, no good batch processing and installation method exists in the prior art, and the finished product rate of the sealing position of the bipolar plate obtained after processing is low easily. Based on the problem, the invention provides an installation jig combination between a polar plate and a sealing gasket and a bipolar plate processing method based on the jig combination.
The steps are shown in fig. 5-8.
Step 1, placing a prefabricated initial sealing gasket 25 on the surface of a first jig 18, sucking vacuum through a first interface 21 and a second interface 22 to enable the sealing gasket to be tightly attached to the surface of the first jig 18, and cutting the sealing gasket into a first sealing gasket 26 and a second sealing gasket 27 according to the required shape of the sealing gasket;
as shown in fig. 5, in this step, the surface of the first jig 18 is distributed with pores, and the surface area of the first jig 18 is divided into two parts, wherein one part is matched with the shape of the sealing piece to be cut (in this embodiment, the square second sealing pad 27), then the distribution of the pores on the surface of the first jig 18 is reflected in that a square area is arranged in the middle of the surface of the jig, the pores on the area are communicated with the second interface 22 on the first jig 18, and the pores on the area of the remaining part are communicated with the first interface 21, so that when the first interface 21 and the second interface 22 are sucked, the initial sealing pad 25 can be sucked on the surface of the jig, and when the cutting is performed, the better cutting quality can be ensured, and the square second sealing pad 27 for setting the switch can be further obtained therefrom;
step 2, the second jig 19 is turned over and then pressed to the surface of the second sealing gasket 27, wherein the surface of the third area is completely attached to the surface of the second sealing gasket 27, the vacuum suction of the second interface 22 is stopped, the vacuum suction is performed through the third interface 23, then the second jig 19 is slowly moved out, and at the moment, the surface of the third area of the second jig 19 tightly adsorbs the second sealing gasket 27;
as shown in fig. 6, pores are also distributed on the surface of the second jig 19, and the shape of the region where the pores are located is consistent with the shape of the obtained target sealing gasket, the second jig 19 is further provided with a third interface 23, and the third interface 23 is communicated with the pores, so that the pore region on the surface of the second jig 19 faces the first jig 18 to be covered, and the cut second sealing gasket 27 can be accurately obtained by closing the second interface 22 and opening the third interface 23;
step 3, placing the polar plate 28 to be sealed on the surface of the third jig 20, and sucking vacuum through the fourth interface 24, so that the polar plate 28 is tightly attached to the surface of the third jig 20, and then uniformly coating a thin layer of adhesive 30 in a sealing groove 29 of the polar plate 28; the shape of the sealing groove (29) is matched with the size of the second sealing gasket (27), and the sealing groove is slightly larger than the sealing gasket, the centers of the sealing groove and the sealing gasket are overlapped, and the sealing groove is larger than the sealing gasket by one circle. For example, the width of the seal groove is 2.6mm and the width of the gasket is 2mm.
As shown in fig. 7, the surface of the third fixture 20 is also provided with a fine hole, and the fine hole is communicated with the fourth interface 24, so that the position of the polar plate 28 can be controlled and stabilized in this step;
step 4, as shown in fig. 8, pressing the second jig 19 with the second sealing pad 27 obtained in step 2 onto the polar plate 28 coated with the adhesive 30 obtained in step 3, enabling the central line of the second sealing pad 27 to coincide with the central line of the sealing groove 29, and then vacuum sucking the third interface 23 and the fourth interface 24, so as to obtain the polar plate 28 with the second sealing pad 27 adhered, and completing sealing treatment of the polar plate 28;
and 5, measuring the width, the height and the offset of the second sealing gasket 27 on the polar plate 28, wherein the width, the height and the offset are all within the error range, and thus the qualified sealing product is obtained. The surface of the first jig 18 is composed of a first area and a second area, the first interface 21 is communicated with a vacuum suction hole of the first area, the second interface 22 is communicated with a vacuum suction hole of the second area, the third interface 23 is communicated with a vacuum suction hole of the third area, and the fourth interface 24 is communicated with a vacuum suction hole of the fourth area.
In one embodiment, the gasket is made of nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, natural rubber, silicon rubber, fluororubber, ethylene propylene rubber or chlorohydrin rubber.
In one embodiment, the cutting in step 1 is a laser cutting, a knife die cutting.
In one embodiment, the coating in step 3 is performed by dispensing, injecting, screen printing, spraying, brushing.
In one embodiment, the bonding glue in step 3 is a nitrile rubber adhesive, a neoprene adhesive, a natural rubber adhesive, a silicone rubber adhesive, a fluororubber adhesive.
In one embodiment, the errors in the width, height and offset of the strip in step 5 are + -0.03 mm, respectively.
In one embodiment, the measuring method in step 5 is a laser measurement, a vernier caliper measurement, a micrometer measurement.
The experimental process comprises the following steps:
experimental group: the bipolar plate shown in figure 1 is adopted, wherein the ridge width of the cathode flow field ridge is 2mm, the diameter of a round hole on the ridge is 1mm, and the hole pitch is 2mm; the depth of the cathode flow field groove is 4mm, the width of the groove is 2mm, the included angle of the baffle 17 is 45 degrees, the width of the baffle is 0.5mm, and the interval is 1mm. The cathode flow field plate was 60mm in length, 16mm in width and 2mm in thickness.
Control group: in the control experiment, the separator on the cathode flow field groove was removed, and the other conditions were the same as in the experimental example.
After the battery is assembled, the battery is operated in a constant current mode, the operation temperature is 50 ℃, air is introduced into the cathode in a forced convection mode, the relative humidity of the air is 60%, hydrogen is introduced into the anode side, the relative humidity of the hydrogen is 0%, and the air inlet pressure of the hydrogen is 60kPa.
The performance curves obtained by performing the power generation process are shown in fig. 9 to 10, respectively. From the figure, it can be seen that the cathode flow field groove with the separator in the experimental group can effectively improve the output voltage and power density of the battery and can improve the oxygen concentration in the catalytic layer.
Claims (6)
1. A metal bipolar plate for a fuel cell, comprising: an anode plate (1), a cathode plate (3), a sealing gasket B (4) and a sealing gasket C (5); the cathode plate (3) is formed by stacking a cathode supporting plate (12) and a cathode guide plate (11), the cathode guide plate (11) faces the anode plate (1), the cathode guide plate (11) is formed by sequentially staggering cathode flow field grooves (14) and cathode flow field ridges (13), the cathode flow field grooves (14) protrude out of the cathode flow field ridges (13), round holes (16) are formed in the cathode flow field ridges (13), and inclined grids (15) are formed in the side faces of the cathode flow field grooves (14);
the structure of the oblique grid (15) comprises a plurality of partition boards (17), wherein the plane of the partition boards (17) forms an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the plane direction of the side surface of the cathode flow field groove (14), and the plane of the partition boards (17) forms an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the plane direction of the cathode plate (3);
the middle part of the anode plate (1) is provided with an anode flow field (10); the anode flow field (10) is a parallel flow field, a serpentine flow field or a punctiform flow field;
one end of the anode plate (1) is provided with an anode gas inlet public channel (6) and an anode gas inlet (8), the other end of the anode plate is provided with an anode tail row public channel (7) and an anode gas outlet (9), and the anode gas inlet public channel (6) is communicated with the anode gas inlet (8) and is used for supplying hydrogen into the anode plate (1); the anode tail row public channel (7) is communicated with the anode gas outlet (9) and is used for discharging the reacted gas;
the inside of the sealing gasket B (4) and the inside of the sealing gasket C (5) are hollow structures, the anode gas inlet common channel (6) is communicated with the anode gas inlet (8) through the sealing gasket B (4), and the anode tail row common channel (7) is communicated with the anode gas outlet (9) through the sealing gasket C (5);
the upper part of the anode plate (1) is also provided with a sealing gasket A (2), and openings are arranged at two ends of the sealing gasket A (2) to enable the anode gas inlet (8), the anode flow field (10) and the anode gas outlet (9) to be communicated.
2. The metal bipolar plate of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the sealing gasket B (4), the sealing gasket C (5) and the anode plate (1) and the cathode plate (3) are connected through glue;
the sealing gasket A (2) is connected with the anode plate (1) through glue.
3. A fuel cell metal bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein the cathode flow field ridges (13) have a ridge width of 1-4mm; the diameter of the round hole is 0.5-3.5mm, and the pitch of the hole is 1-4mm; the depth of the cathode flow field groove (14) is 1-4mm, the width of the groove is 1-4mm, and the spacing between the separators (17) is 1-4mm; the anode plate (1), the cathode supporting plate (12) and the cathode guide plate (11) are made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum, nickel or copper.
4. The manufacturing method of the metal bipolar plate of the fuel cell, which is characterized in that the connection processing between the sealing gasket A (2) and the anode plate (1) is obtained by processing through a jig; the jig include:
the first jig (18) is plate-shaped, one surface of the first jig is divided into a first area and a second area, the shape of the second area is the same as that of a sealing gasket to be processed, and fine holes are distributed in the first area and the second area; the first jig (18) is also provided with a first interface (21) and a second interface (22), the pores in the first area are communicated with the first interface (21), and the pores in the second area are communicated with the second interface (22);
the second jig (19) is plate-shaped, fine holes are distributed on one surface of the second jig, the shape of a region formed by the fine holes is the same as that of a sealing gasket to be processed, a third interface (23) is further arranged on the second jig (19), and the third interface (23) is communicated with the fine holes on the second jig (19);
the third jig (20) is plate-shaped, fine holes are distributed on one surface of the third jig (20), the third jig (20) is further provided with a fourth interface (24), and the fourth interface (24) is communicated with the fine holes on the third jig (20);
the first interface (21) and the second interface (22) are positioned on the side face of the first jig (18);
the third interface (23) is positioned on the side surface of the second jig (19);
the fourth interface (24) is positioned on the side surface of the third jig (20);
further comprises: the negative pressure suction device is used for performing negative pressure suction operation on the first interface (21), the second interface (22), the third interface (23) and the fourth interface (24);
further comprises: the cutting device is used for performing cutting processing operation on the sealing gasket positioned on the first jig (18);
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing an initial sealing gasket (25) on the surface of a first jig (18), sucking vacuum through a first interface (21) and a second interface (22) to enable the initial sealing gasket (25) to be attached to the surface of the first jig (18), and then cutting the initial sealing gasket (25) according to the shape of the sealing gasket to be processed to obtain a second sealing gasket (27);
step 2, pressing the surface with the fine holes of the second jig (19) to the surface with the second sealing gasket (27) of the first jig (18) obtained in the step 1, sucking vacuum to the third interface (23), stopping sucking vacuum to the second interface (22), and enabling the second jig (19) to suck the second sealing gasket (27);
step 3, placing the polar plate (28) on the surface of the third jig (20), vacuumizing the fourth interface (24), and then gluing in a sealing groove (29) of the polar plate (28), wherein the shape of the sealing groove (29) is in interference fit with the shape and the size of the second sealing gasket (27);
and 4, pressing the surface, with the second sealing gasket (27), of the second jig (19) obtained in the step 2 on the surface, with the glue obtained in the step 3, so that the second sealing gasket (27) is adhered to the glue, and closing the vacuum on the third interface (23) and the fourth interface (24).
5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, further comprising step 5 of measuring the width, height and offset of the second gasket (27) on the polar plate (28), all of which are acceptable sealing products within the error range;
the material of the initial sealing gasket (25) is nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, natural rubber, silicon rubber, fluororubber, ethylene propylene rubber or chlorohydrin rubber.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the cutting in step 1 is a laser cutting or a knife die cutting; the gluing method in the step 3 is dispensing, injecting glue, screen printing, spraying or brushing; the rubber in the step 3 is nitrile rubber adhesive, chloroprene rubber adhesive, natural rubber adhesive, silicon rubber adhesive or fluorine rubber adhesive.
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| CN112072134B (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2021-09-14 | 温州大学 | Three-dimensional fine grid flow field bipolar plate for fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN111816891B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-27 | 爱德曼氢能源装备有限公司 | Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell bipolar plate air inlet structure and fuel cell thereof |
| CN112234223B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-02-15 | 温州大学 | Bipolar plate of three-dimensional shrinkage hole flow field of fuel cell for spaceflight and preparation method |
| CN112909283A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-04 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate |
| CN112928308B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-06-14 | 华中科技大学 | Fuel cell bipolar plate for dehumidification and fuel cell stack thereof |
| CN113346099B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-26 | 爱德曼氢能源装备有限公司 | Metal bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell adhesion-free sealing structure |
| CN116666681B (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-12-08 | 山东美燃氢动力有限公司 | Bipolar plate of normal pressure fuel cell stack |
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| CN110299542A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-10-01 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fuel cell unit, fuel cell stack and fuel cell |
| CN110890568A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-17 | 重庆宗申氢能源动力科技有限公司 | Air-cooled fuel cell cathode flow field structure and manufacturing process thereof |
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| CN110299542A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-10-01 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fuel cell unit, fuel cell stack and fuel cell |
| CN110890568A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-17 | 重庆宗申氢能源动力科技有限公司 | Air-cooled fuel cell cathode flow field structure and manufacturing process thereof |
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