CN111551203A - Sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system - Google Patents
Sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111551203A CN111551203A CN202010325839.8A CN202010325839A CN111551203A CN 111551203 A CN111551203 A CN 111551203A CN 202010325839 A CN202010325839 A CN 202010325839A CN 111551203 A CN111551203 A CN 111551203A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D11/30—Supports specially adapted for an instrument; Supports specially adapted for a set of instruments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of polar region observation devices, and discloses a sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system which comprises a buoy, an atmospheric observation subsystem, a sea ice observation subsystem and an upper-layer ocean observation subsystem, wherein the buoy comprises a buoyancy block and an electronic bin, the electronic bin comprises a first electronic bin and a second electronic bin, the bottom end of the first electronic bin is coaxially connected with the second electronic bin, and the buoyancy block is annularly arranged on the periphery of the top end of the second electronic bin; the atmospheric observation subsystem is arranged at the top of the first electronic bin; the sea ice observation subsystem is arranged on the periphery of the first electronic bin; the upper ocean observation subsystem is arranged at the lower end of the second electronic cabin, and at least part of the buoyancy blocks are always positioned above the horizontal plane. Has the advantages that: three observation systems of atmosphere, sea ice and upper ocean are integrated, and an atmosphere observation subsystem and an upper ocean observation subsystem are subjected to uninterrupted test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polar region observation devices, in particular to a sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system.
Background
The global climate warming is remarkably amplified in the arctic, so that the sea ice storage in the arctic is rapidly reduced, and the sea ice can cause the global climate to have abnormal effect, so that the scientific research in the aspect is a hot spot in the world at present.
The arctic sea ice change and the interaction of sea-ice-air (under-ice upper sea water, sea ice and on-ice bottom layer atmosphere) are main factors influencing the warming of arctic climate and the rapid reduction of the sea ice, the research needs the long-term basic environmental data of the arctic sea-ice-air interface multi-parameter, and the scientific knowledge on key processes of the melting of the sea ice in spring and the freezing in autumn is very critical for the knowledge on the sea ice process because the conventional icebreaker is based on the manned observation of the icebreaker in the ship period mainly concentrated in summer and the observation time period is short.
The method is an effective means for solving the problem that long-period environmental data are collected through a sensor platform (ice buoy) arranged on the arctic sea ice, developed countries such as the United states, Canada and Germany are developing arctic sea environment observation technologies vigorously, the developed ice observation buoy mainly focuses on observing the ice physical process (sea ice section thickness and temperature observation), ice surface atmosphere observation stays in an original meteorological observation tower, the observation technology of the upper ocean still stays in an Argo ocean buoy, the Argo buoy cannot successfully float out of the water surface for communication due to floating ice, and popularization and application of the Argo buoy in the arctic are limited.
In summary, the currently developed ice buoy system is often single in observation object, and cannot realize continuous centralized observation of three interfaces of sea water below the ice of the arctic sea ice, sea ice and air above the ice and provide data for judging flux exchange of the three interfaces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sea-ice-air three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, which solves the problems that an observation object is single, and continuous centralized observation of three interfaces of sea water on the lower layer of the arctic sea ice, sea ice and atmosphere on the upper layer of the ice cannot be realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, which comprises:
the electronic cabin comprises a first electronic cabin and a second electronic cabin, the bottom end of the first electronic cabin is coaxially connected with the second electronic cabin, and the buoyancy block is annularly arranged on the periphery of the top end of the second electronic cabin;
the atmospheric observation subsystem is arranged at the top of the first electronic bin;
the sea ice observation subsystem is arranged on the periphery of the first electronic bin;
the upper ocean observation subsystem is arranged at the lower end of the second electronic bin, wherein:
at least part of the buoyancy blocks are always above the water level.
This observation system has integrateed three kinds of observation systems of atmosphere, sea ice and upper strata ocean to the buoyancy piece encircles and establishes the periphery at second electronic storehouse and then makes things convenient for this observation system to place on the ice surface, even later stage ice surface melts, the buoyancy that the buoyancy piece provided can be located the horizontal plane top with first electronic storehouse all the time, thereby makes the incessant test of atmosphere observation subsystem and upper strata ocean observation subsystem.
As a preferred scheme of the sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, a battery module, a communication module and a master control module are arranged in the second electronic bin, the battery module is arranged at a position of the second electronic bin below a plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy block is located, and the communication module and the master control module are arranged at a position of the second electronic bin above the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy block is located.
Because the temperature below the ice surface is greater than the temperature above the ice surface, with the battery module setting in the second electronic storehouse be located the lower part in the lower bottom surface place plane of buoyancy piece to for the battery module provides higher temperature environment, avoid ambient temperature to hang down excessively and lose battery module power supply efficiency and power supply ability, and communication module and total control module are located the lower part above the bottom surface place plane of buoyancy piece, can guarantee that communication module is located above the surface of water, guarantee communication efficiency.
As a preferred scheme of the sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, a sea ice radiation flux matching control module is arranged in the first electronic bin, and the sea ice radiation flux matching control module is connected with the sea ice observation subsystem. The sea ice radiation flux matching control module is arranged in the first electronic bin, so that data measured by the sea ice observation subsystem are transmitted to the sea ice radiation flux matching control module through shortest distance connection.
As a preferable scheme of the sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, the buoyancy block adopts a glass bead core material, and a polyurea coating is sprayed on the surface of the buoyancy block. The anti-collision performance of the buoyancy block when being collided by sea ice is improved.
As a preferable scheme of the sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, the surface of the buoyancy block is yellow. The buoyancy block is set to be yellow, so that the observation system has better identification degree in polar regions.
As a preferred embodiment of the sea-ice-air three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, the atmospheric observation subsystem includes a meteorological support, the meteorological support has branch structures extending in different horizontal directions, and the atmospheric observation subsystem further includes an iridium satellite antenna, a GPS sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and an atmospheric pressure sensor, which are arranged on different branch structures.
As the preferable scheme of the sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, the meteorological support is made of an aluminum alloy material with the surface subjected to galvanization cathodic protection treatment. The meteorological support is made of aluminum alloy materials, so that the meteorological support has light weight and high mechanical strength, and the surface of the meteorological support can effectively adapt to the environment of minus 40 ℃ after being subjected to galvanization cathodic protection treatment.
As a preferred scheme of the sea-ice-air three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, the sea ice observation subsystem comprises a spectrometer, an accumulated snow sonar, an ice-bottom ice thickness sonar and a temperature chain.
As a preferred scheme of the sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, the upper-layer ocean observation subsystem comprises an upper-layer ocean temperature and salt sensor, an upper-layer ocean temperature and salt depth sensor, an upper-layer ocean chlorophyll sensor and an upper-layer ocean dissolved oxygen sensor.
As the preferable scheme of the sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, the upper ocean observation subsystem further comprises an upper ocean observation cable, the upper ocean temperature and salt depth sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the upper ocean observation cable, and the upper ocean temperature and salt sensor, the upper ocean chlorophyll sensor and the upper ocean dissolved oxygen sensors are arranged in the length direction of the upper ocean observation cable.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: this observation system has integrateed three kinds of observation systems of atmosphere, sea ice and upper strata ocean to the buoyancy piece encircles and establishes the periphery at second electronic storehouse and then makes things convenient for this observation system to place on the ice surface, even later stage ice surface melts, the buoyancy that the buoyancy piece provided can be located the horizontal plane top with first electronic storehouse all the time, thereby makes the incessant test of atmosphere observation subsystem and upper strata ocean observation subsystem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an atmospheric observation subsystem of a sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a buoy of a sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention when connected to a sea ice observation subsystem;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper-layer marine observation subsystem of the sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
100-a buoy; 101-a buoyancy block; 102A-a first electronic bin; 102B-a second electronic bin; 103-a battery module; 104-a communication module; 105-a master control module; 106-sea ice radiation flux matching control module;
200-atmospheric observation subsystem; 201-iridium antenna; 202-GPS sensors; 203-temperature and humidity sensor; 204-atmospheric pressure sensor; 205-meteorological support;
300-sea ice observation subsystem; 301-a spectrometer; 302-snow sonar; 303-ice bottom ice thickness sonar; 304-temperature chain;
400-upper ocean observation subsystem; 401-upper ocean thermohaline sensor; 402-upper ocean temperature and salt depth sensor; 403-upper marine chlorophyll sensors; 404-upper ocean dissolved oxygen sensor; 405-upper ocean observation cable.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
The invention provides a sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system, which comprises a buoy 100, an atmospheric observation subsystem 200, a sea ice observation subsystem 300 and an upper ocean observation subsystem 400, as shown in figures 1-4.
Buoy 100 is the buoyancy of the whole system of observation system, buoy 100 can float on the sea, also can set up on the ice surface, like this, when sea ice melts, observation system still floats on the sea.
An atmospheric observation subsystem 200 is provided at the top of the buoy 100 for obtaining atmospheric data above ice. The sea ice observation subsystem 300 is disposed at the periphery of the buoy 100 for obtaining sea ice data. The upper ocean observation subsystem 400 is arranged at the bottom of the buoy 100 and is always positioned below the ice surface for obtaining upper seawater data.
The buoy 100 comprises a buoyancy block 101 and an electronic bin, the electronic bin comprises a first electronic bin 102A and a second electronic bin 102B, the bottom end of the first electronic bin 102A is coaxially connected with the second electronic bin 102B, and the buoyancy block 101 is annularly arranged on the periphery of the top end of the second electronic bin 102B.
In the embodiment, the buoyancy block 101 is made of glass bead core materials, and polyurea coatings are sprayed on the surface of the buoyancy block 101 so as to improve the impact resistance of the buoyancy block 101 when being collided by sea ice.
Preferably, the surface of the buoyancy block 101 is yellow. The buoyancy block 101 is set to be yellow, so that the observation system has better identification in polar regions.
It should be noted that the first electronic chamber 102A and the second electronic chamber 102B are both cylindrical structures.
In the present embodiment, the diameter of the first electronic bin 102A is larger than that of the second electronic bin 102B, i.e., the electronic bin has a structure with a wide top and a narrow bottom as a whole.
When the buoyancy block 101 is used, the lower end surface of the buoyancy block 101 is annular and can be directly placed on the ice surface, for example, a hole can be dug on the ice surface, so that the second electronic bin 102B extends into the sea water from the hole on the ice surface, at this time, the buoyancy block 101 is not floated on the water surface but is supported on the ice surface, and when the ice surface is melted, the buoyancy block 101 can be floated on the sea water.
The second electronic bin 102B is internally provided with a battery module 103, a communication module 104 and a master control module 105, the battery module 103 is arranged at the part of the second electronic bin 102B below the plane of the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy block 101, and the communication module 104 and the master control module 105 are arranged at the part of the second electronic bin 102B above the plane of the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy block 101. Because the temperature below the ice surface is higher than the temperature above the ice surface, the battery module 103 is arranged at the part of the second electronic bin 102B below the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy block is located, namely below the ice surface, so that a higher temperature environment is provided for the battery module 103, the situation that the power supply efficiency and the power supply capacity of the battery module 103 are lost due to too low ambient temperature is avoided, the communication module 104 and the master control module 105 are located at the part of the buoyancy block 101 above the plane where the lower bottom surface is located, the communication module can be located above the water surface, and the communication efficiency is guaranteed.
The atmospheric observation subsystem 200 comprises an iridium antenna 201, a GPS sensor 202, a temperature and humidity sensor 203, an atmospheric pressure sensor 204 and a meteorological support 205, wherein the meteorological support 205 has branch structures extending to different horizontal directions, in the embodiment, the meteorological support 205 has four branch structures, and the iridium antenna 201, the GPS sensor 202, the temperature and humidity sensor 203 and the atmospheric pressure sensor 204 are arranged on different branch structures.
It should be noted that the four branch structures are equiangularly spaced 90 apart to better balance the atmospheric observation subsystem 200.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure the communication quality, an iridium antenna 201 may be additionally provided for backup.
Further, iridium antenna 201, GPS sensor 202, temperature and humidity sensor 203 and atmospheric pressure sensor 204 are all connected with total control module 105 through walking the line in meteorological support 205 inside, avoid the circuit to expose outside.
In this embodiment, the weather rack 205 is made of an aluminum alloy material, and the surface of the weather rack 205 is treated with a zinc-plated cathodic protection. The meteorological support 205 is made of aluminum alloy materials, so that the meteorological support has light weight and high mechanical strength, and the surface of the meteorological support can effectively adapt to the environment of minus 40 ℃ after being subjected to galvanization cathodic protection treatment.
Sea ice observation subsystem 300 includes spectrometer 301, snow sonar 302, ice-bottom ice thickness sonar 303, and temperature chain 304. And spectrum appearance 301, snow sonar 302, ice bottom ice thickness sonar 303 and temperature chain 304 are all connected the supporting control module 106 of sea ice radiation flux who sets up in first electronic compartment 102A through watertight connector, guarantee under the moist environment of polar region sleet the supporting control module 106's of sea ice radiation flux dry and reliability.
Of course, sea ice radiant flux companion control module 106 is connected to total control module 105.
It should be noted that the spectrometer 301 can measure solar radiation signals at eight levels including the ice surface, the ice interior and the ice below, and can realize long-term and continuous observation of the solar radiation spectrum intensities at multiple levels including the ice surface, the ice interior and the ice below.
The upper ocean observation subsystem 400 comprises an upper ocean temperature salt sensor 401, an upper ocean temperature salt depth sensor 402, an upper ocean chlorophyll sensor 403, an upper ocean dissolved oxygen sensor 404 and an upper ocean observation cable 405. Upper sea temperature and salt depth sensor 402 sets up the bottom of cable 405 is surveyed to upper sea, and a plurality of upper sea temperature and salt sensors 401, a plurality of upper sea chlorophyll sensors 403 and a plurality of upper sea dissolved oxygen sensor 404 set up along the length direction of cable 405 is surveyed to upper sea.
In this embodiment, each sensor of the upper ocean observation subsystem 400 is connected to the general control module 105 through a cable and a water-tight connector set of the second electronic cabin 102B to transmit observation data back to the general control module 105.
The using method of the invention is as follows:
drilling holes by using an ice drill matched with the outer diameter of the second electronic bin 102B, and cleaning chips in the ice cave;
mounting an iridium antenna 201, a GPS sensor 202, a temperature and humidity sensor 203 and an atmospheric pressure sensor 204 on a meteorological support 205, and after the mounting is finished, connecting an integrated atmospheric observation subsystem 200 to the top of a first electronic cabin 102A to wait for the lowering;
assembling the upper ocean observation subsystem 400, and connecting the upper ocean observation subsystem 400 to the bottom of the first electronic cabin 102A after assembly;
clamping the buoy 100 on the surface of the ice cave;
installing a snow sonar 302 and an ice-bottom ice thickness sonar 303, connecting the snow sonar 302 and the ice-bottom ice thickness sonar 303, and then arranging the connected snow sonar and ice-bottom ice thickness sonar inside sea ice;
selecting a place where the surface of the sea ice is not damaged, installing a probe of the spectrometer 301, and connecting the spectrometer 301 with the buoy 100 after the probe is installed in the sea ice;
and (4) finishing the ice surface and recovering the ice surface to the original state as much as possible.
When the sea surface is reached, the atmospheric observation subsystem 200 and the upper ocean observation subsystem 400 are assembled, the sea ice observation subsystem 300 is assembled, and then the observation system is placed in the sea.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system is characterized by comprising:
the buoy (100) comprises a buoyancy block (101) and an electronic bin, the electronic bin comprises a first electronic bin (102A) and a second electronic bin (102B), the bottom end of the first electronic bin (102A) is coaxially connected with the second electronic bin (102B), and the buoyancy block (101) is annularly arranged on the periphery of the top end of the second electronic bin (102B);
an atmospheric observation subsystem (200), the atmospheric observation subsystem (200) disposed on top of the first electronic bin (102A);
a sea ice observation subsystem (300), the sea ice observation subsystem (300) being disposed at a periphery of the first electronic bin (102A);
an upper marine observation subsystem (400), the upper marine observation subsystem (400) disposed at a lower end of the second electronic bin (102B), wherein:
at least part of the buoyancy block (101) is always above the water level.
2. The sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 1, wherein a battery module (103), a communication module (104) and a general control module (105) are arranged in the second electronic bin (102B), the battery module (103) is arranged at a part of the second electronic bin (102B) below the plane of the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy block (101), and the communication module (104) and the general control module (105) are arranged at a part of the second electronic bin (102B) above the plane of the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy block (101).
3. The sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 2, wherein a sea ice radiation flux coordination control module (106) is arranged in the first electronic bin (102A), and the sea ice radiation flux coordination control module (106) is connected with the sea ice observation subsystem (300).
4. The sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 1, wherein the buoyancy block (101) is made of glass bead core material, and a polyurea coating is sprayed on the surface of the buoyancy block (101).
5. Sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 4, wherein the surface of the buoyancy block (101) is yellow.
6. The sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 1, wherein the atmospheric observation subsystem (200) comprises a meteorological support (205), the meteorological support (205) has branch structures extending to different horizontal directions, the atmospheric observation subsystem (200) further comprises an iridium antenna (201), a GPS sensor (202), a temperature and humidity sensor (203) and an atmospheric pressure sensor (204) which are arranged on different branch structures.
7. The sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 6, wherein the meteorological support (205) is made of aluminum alloy material with a galvanized cathodic protection surface.
8. Sea-ice-air three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sea ice observation subsystem (300) comprises a spectrometer (301), a snow sonar (302), an ice-bottom ice thickness sonar (303) and a temperature chain (304).
9. The sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 1, wherein the upper ocean observation subsystem (400) comprises an upper ocean temperature salt sensor (401), an upper ocean temperature salt depth sensor (402), an upper ocean chlorophyll sensor (403), and an upper ocean dissolved oxygen sensor (404).
10. The sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system according to claim 9, wherein the upper ocean observation subsystem (400) further comprises an upper ocean observation cable (405), the upper ocean temperature and salt depth sensor (402) is arranged at the bottom end of the upper ocean observation cable (405), and the upper ocean temperature and salt sensors (401), the upper ocean chlorophyll sensors (403) and the upper ocean dissolved oxygen sensors (404) are arranged in the length direction of the upper ocean observation cable (405).
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| CN202010325839.8A CN111551203A (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system |
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| CN202010325839.8A CN111551203A (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Sea-ice-gas three-interface unmanned ice station observation system |
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| CN112415047A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-26 | 大连理工大学 | Sea ice-sea water heat flux coefficient's testing arrangement |
| CN113155315A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-23 | 中国极地研究中心 | Temperature monitoring device |
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