CN111546943A - 动力电池动态离合单元 - Google Patents

动力电池动态离合单元 Download PDF

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CN111546943A
CN111546943A CN202010085489.2A CN202010085489A CN111546943A CN 111546943 A CN111546943 A CN 111546943A CN 202010085489 A CN202010085489 A CN 202010085489A CN 111546943 A CN111546943 A CN 111546943A
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battery
clutch unit
batteries
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朱雪东
朱宇飞
康诺熙
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • B60L2240/549—Current
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract

本发明公开一种动力电池动态离合单元，包括离合模块、采集器、存储器、处理器MCU。离合模块包括继电器或莫斯管。MCU经采集器获取单体电池信息，包括电压电流温度容量，并和存储的信息整合判断；若判断某单体电池馈电或过充，MCU控制离合模块，从电池组剥离单体；直到剥离所有电池。本发明能充分利用所有电池单体的容量，实现电池组的动态组合和均衡，避免串联电池的木桶效应，提升电池寿命。可实现电池单体热插拔；促进换电站取代加油站。

Description

动力电池动态离合单元
技术领域
电动汽车、电动自行车电池控制***；动力电池均衡***；动力电池充放电***；可以有效解决动力电池的均衡性，进而大大提升整组电池的寿命。并且可以实现换电站的普及；能源再生利用***；动力电池换电***(换电站***)；加油站消灭***；新能源汽车行业加速***；动力电池热插拔***；动力电池可拆可换***；家用充放电***；太阳能充放电***；电池五分钟换满电（电动汽车五分钟内更换充满电电池继续行驶）；电池远程云***实时查询和订购；电池全国联网云服务查看***；电池回收和再生***；动力电池自动接入剥离***。
背景技术
随着石油的不断开采，石油储备日益降低。对新能源的依赖日益提升。电的方便快捷使它作为石油的替代成为各国政府鼓励的首选。动力电池中以锂基电池为主要代表，下文中动力电池均指锂电池。但是在当前技术条件下，动力电池充电时间长，电池寿命短，成本高昂，均衡性差等等致命缺点严重阻碍电代替石油在人类车辆移动方面的能源因素。
动力电池为了提供较高的电压，(额定功率下降低电流)，必须要串联接多个小电池组。每个电池组的体质一定有差异，在用户反反复复的使用过程中一定会反反复复的充放电，记忆或大电流冲击过充过放等一定会损伤电池，并且这个损失程度对每个电池都是不一样的。久而久之各个电池串组之间会出现严重的容量不一致。串联***是木桶效应，最差的电池容量决定了整个电池组的容量。充电的时候最差的电池饱了其他好电池还饿；用电时最差的电池没电了其他好电池也必须停工。如果软件没有控制好电池的充放逻辑，导致部分电池过冲或过放，将急剧加速电池包的衰竭；过冲过放导致的，根据某著名汽车厂用户反馈电池容量能达到50%的年衰减率！严重的电池容量下降(水桶装的水越来越少)，严重影响电动车的续航里程。谁还敢买电动汽车！
电动车不能像油车一样花钱在加油站加油，三分钟就可以把续航从零换成满血。如果电动车也可以做到三分钟从零电换成满电，那全世界都会换电动车，司机们都乐于购买和驾驶电动车，毕竟用电的成本只有用油的十分之一，电动车行驶时的舒适度是油车没法比拟的。启用基于本专利的技术，实现三分钟换电池是完全可能的现实！实现了换电的方式，电动车电池性能和效率方面的所有问题都不再是问题！
发明内容
利用大电流继电器/mos管对电池组实现动态接入或剥离
工作原理：采用单刀双掷继电器作核心部件；当继电器触针打向左边，电池个体接入***工作；当继电器触针打向右边，电池个体剥离出供电***休眠；参考说明书附图一：
模块状态示意图：参考说明书附图二：
MCU中央处理单元控制：逻辑流程图：参考说明书附图三：
装置电池侧接线示意图：参考说明书附图四：
N个电池盒串接起来，接上电池，经由中央处理器MCU协调控制，即可实现动力供应：参考说明书附图五：
详细说明：每个单体电池采用大功率双掷继电器实现自动化接入或分离(脱机休息)，根据电池容量的临界点反馈，利用mcu控制单体电池的接入和脱离。当继电器触针打向左边，电池个体接入***工作；当继电器触针打向右边，电池个体剥离出供电***休眠；
放电：充满电后初始时所有动力电池的继电器处于不接入状态，人上车汽车开机后所有电池处于接入状态，动力电池持续驱动电机驱动前进，mcu循环不间断检测所有接入小电池组的实时电压，和电流乘积积分(可以得到容量)，当某单体电池电压下降到符合预先存储在电池芯片里的阈值算法等失效条件时，mcu判断这个电池容量用光，发出信号给对应的继电器切换，使这块电池脱离动力***原地休息；待继电器切换成功之后，mcu再次通过总电压确认，把总电压值发送给电机驱动***，做好少一个人(电池)干活的心理准备，驱动电动机前进。随着汽车的不断运行，越来越多的电池休息，当达到最少可能驱动的电池组数目时，mcu即判断汽车动力电池电量耗光，提示用户及时充电(也可以提前一些余量提前提醒，不至于推车)。电机需要适应总电压降低带来的性能变化。
电池容量计算：电池组充电容量(加以前未使用残余容量)总和 - 做功消耗的电压电流时间积分。
充电：当***检测到充电器***汽车卡并有外电压220或380伏，mcu即将所有电池继电器拉为接入状态，同时通知充电器所需要的充电电压和其他参数，开始充电，同时mcu不间断检测电池组的电压值并累加成为单个电池组容量；当某电池组电压变化率率先达到满电时，记录好它的容量，停止充电，控制继电器断开对应的小电池继电器，接下来及时通知充电器少了一块电池(通过总电压判断去确认)需要及时降低充电电压，再继续对剩余的小电池组恢复进行充电，循环这个过程直到所有电池组完成充电断开所有继电器。均衡：可以再把所有继电器打开并通知充电器输出涓流电流对电池组补充充电，同样检测电压反馈一个一个的把充够的电池组断开。结束充电断开所有动力电池，让电池***处于待机状态。对充电器要求能输出不同数目电池串联的电压充电。
换电：通过从结构上(电池拆卸结构件)增加电池在位标志，结合mcu逻辑控制，可以容易实现不同充电量电池组的混插作业，换句话说，汽车可以进换电站更换充好电的电池，想换几组换几组。
由于每个小电池都可以独立的随时接入或脱离动力电池，那么各个小电池的容量规格完全相同也就不是必须要求。换句话说，以后动力电池也可以像电脑上的内存条一样，只要有足够的槽位，想插几块电池就可以插几块，而且是随时可以，不用关心电池组之间的充电百分比，不用关心电池组的规格是否完全一致。
想象一下，小明最近一直在杭州市区，那么他租用30块电池组使用，每天在家或小区旁边充电桩充好电用车成本零油耗。某一天他突发奇想想去上海逛逛，他开着自己的电动车来到换电站，三分钟插上20块充满电的电池组，跑高速扬长而去。在高速上发现自己的30块电池快没电了，看到换电站开进去直接把30块或者50块电池换成满电，再继续扬长而去，继续零油耗。换电站把他换下的电池直接上充电流水线充满，等待下一位顾客来换电。换电站不需要把顾客换下来的电池组放电而是直接充电，这样可以节约相当多的电能源(每年为了均衡电池会浪费超多宝贵电能源)。保护环境，人人有责!
车企优势：不用关心电池组的电量规格和充电电量值，能为换电企业和采用本技术的电动车企业带来飞一样的用户暴涨。
不存在短路风险：由于不存在并联的可能，因此本专利涉及的电池组之间永远不可能短路***。在众多的串并联专利里，依靠软件在串并联之间逻辑变换，一旦软件跑飞或硬件损坏，将导致电池短路发生***，发生毁灭性的后果，后果不堪设想，难以普及。
需要后续解决的注意事项：
1.总电池的功率不够，可以采用增加电池组数量(增加电压)弥补，电流维持较小电流；2.内阻过大：降低电流以抵消内阻影响，同时可以提升继电器工艺降低接触电阻。也可以采用mos管实现；3. 应用于电动汽车建议以48v为一个电池组规格比较合适，应用于电动自行车建议以12v为一个电池组比较合适；太小则继电器过多，太大则起不到作用。以上规格仅为建议，本专利不做此限制。
附图说明：
图1是本发明核心示意图，MCU通过单刀双掷继电器控制单体电池合入或剥离；
图2是各模块状态示意图；
图3是MCU控制逻辑流程示意图；
图4是单体电池接线示意图；
图5是无数个单体电池串接组合示意图，使用本***组合成一个大电池组。

Claims (13)

1.动力电池动态离合单元，包括大电流继电器大电流MOS开关管模块、电池信息采集器、电池信息存储器及数据存储格式、中央控制器MCU，对应***组件包括电动机和电动机控制器以及整车充电器；其关键特征在于：继电器或mos管的开和关实现某一单体电池的合入和分离，离合过程不需要人为参与，而是MCU根据电池状态判断输出信号自动合入或剥离电池，从而达到换电池和传统意义上均衡电池的功能；继电器或MOS管即便失效或软件逻辑跑飞也不会导致电池的短路，不会带来***危害。
2.根据权利要求1的动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于采用单刀双掷继电器mos管及其等效电路器件，在任意时刻，继电器mos管要么导通电池正极断开负极，要么导通电池负极断开正极；永远不可能出现正负极同时导通的情况(不可能短路不可能***)。
3.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于总电池由若干个单体电池通过继电器mos管串联起来使用，这个数目我们定义为N 。
4.为电动机提供电能服务的电池数目为0-N，也就是说每一个单体电池都可以任意时刻被接入或被剥离。
5.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于每个单体电池对应一个储存器，电池信息存储在储存器里，至少包括：额定容量，额定电压，过冲过放极限保护电压点，电池容量，充电量，温度，出厂日期，详细充电记录，详细放电记录。
6.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于每个单体电池都有一套信息采样装置，并需要向MCU至少提供数据：实时电流，实时电压，电池温度。
7.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在MCU需要根据电池实时数据，结合电池额定信息，根据电池端电压及其随电流的下降幅度，判断电池当前电量百分比甚至失效判断，并据此向继电器mos管发出接入或剥离的指令。
8.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于，单体电池可以随时拆卸和安装；N个单体电池的充电量根本不需要完全一致，甚至电池额定容量和额定电压都可以不相同，完全没电和满电的电池可以同时安装在一个汽车上。
9.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于不再需要均衡设备，不必为了照顾虚弱的单体电池而设计耗能电路强制消耗强壮的单体电池。
10.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于整车充电器提供1至N倍单体额定电压的充电电气参数和涓流充电参数。
11. 根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于电动机和电动机控制器需要支持X倍单体额定电压的驱动能力，X<=N； 。
12.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于MCU需要向整车***提供0至N的单体电池服役数目，整车需要第一时间通过汽车面板等方式显式提供给司机。
13.根据权利要求1,所述动力电池动态离合单元，其特征在于为了降低继电器接触电阻带来的影响，采用多组继电器和mos开关管分流方式降低接触电阻，并采用串接保险元件方式降低开关元件失效带来的影响。
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CN102270863A (zh) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-07 索尼公司 电池***
CN104253469A (zh) * 2014-09-24 2014-12-31 于志章 二次电池组充放电管理***
CN205706226U (zh) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-23 重庆创元新能源科技有限责任公司 一种电动汽车电池组模组装置
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