CN111545695B - Die forging method for high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body - Google Patents
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- CN111545695B CN111545695B CN202010335019.7A CN202010335019A CN111545695B CN 111545695 B CN111545695 B CN 111545695B CN 202010335019 A CN202010335019 A CN 202010335019A CN 111545695 B CN111545695 B CN 111545695B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a die forging method for a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body, wherein the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy is a 5-series aluminum alloy with magnesium accounting for more than 4.5 percent by weight, and the die forging method mainly comprises the following steps: 1) alloy casting; 2) homogenizing; 3) die forging: 4) stabilizing; 5) and (6) machining. The method overcomes the bottleneck of the die forging process of the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy, and the produced high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body has the advantages of excellent mechanical property, good surface quality of the box body, stable size, high yield of the box body and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forging aluminum alloy sections for ships, in particular to a die forging method for a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body.
Background
In the field of aluminum alloy sections for ships, the type of aluminum alloy is generally 5 series aluminum alloy, and the use environment in the sea is a high-corrosion environment, so that the requirement on the corrosion resistance of the alloy sections is strict. However, the higher Mg content in the 5-series aluminum alloy results in that the forgeability of the 5-series alloy is significantly lower than that of other series aluminum alloys, such as 2-series and 6-series, and the like, especially the die forging method, and is difficult to achieve due to the higher deformation amount thereof.
At present, similar to the processing of the 5-series box body, a conventional forging method is generally adopted to forge an aluminum alloy ingot into a block, and then the block is removed for processing, although the processing and manufacturing of the box body can be completed. But the processing amount of the processing method of the box body is extremely large, nearly more than 70 percent, so the cost is higher; meanwhile, the flow capacity of the 5 series aluminum alloy is poor, and the forging failure is caused by insufficient deformation and insufficient strengthening force in the forging process of the blank part in the forging process, so that the yield of parts is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the aluminum alloy cast ingot has large deformation, good strengthening effect and good alloy flow linearity in the die forging process, but the traditional die forging process is not suitable for 5-series aluminum alloy with high magnesium content, which can cause cracking of die forgings and finally cause failure of box forging.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the immaturity of the existing die forging process of the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy, the invention aims to provide the die forging method of the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body, which has the advantages of simple process, high structural strength, high yield and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A die forging method for a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body is disclosed, wherein the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy is a 5-series aluminum alloy with magnesium accounting for more than 4.5% by weight, and the die forging method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy ingot, and preparing an aluminum alloy raw material with high magnesium content according to the following weight fraction ratio: 0% and less than or equal to 0.3% of Si, 0% and less than or equal to 0.4% of Fe, 0% and less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, 0.05% and less than or equal to 0.2% of Mn, 4.5% and less than or equal to 6.0% of Mg, 0% and less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity in total, and the balance of Al. Adding the prepared high-magnesium aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be smelted into aluminum alloy solution, and then casting the aluminum alloy solution into an aluminum alloy cast ingot. 2) Homogenizing, namely putting the cast aluminum alloy ingot in a homogenizing furnace, heating to 480-520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6-8 h, and cooling to room temperature; 3) forging, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step 2) to 460-480 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, controlling the mold pressing amount to be 60-70% of the total pressing amount, and controlling the mold pressing speed to be 0.8-1.5 mm/min to obtain a first die forging, wherein the mold heating temperature is 440-460 ℃, and the first die forging is performed; and heating the first die forging to 490-510 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, keeping the heating temperature of the die at 450-470 ℃, and performing second die forging to ensure that the pressing amount is 100% of the designed pressing amount and the pressing speed is 0.5-0.8 mm/min, so as to obtain a second die forging which is a final pressing piece. 4) Stabilizing treatment, namely placing the aluminum alloy box body obtained in the step 3) in a heat treatment furnace for heat preservation for 1-2 h, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 100-200 ℃. 5) And (4) machining, namely placing the second die forging in the step 4) in a CNC machining milling machine, and machining the second die forging to the final size to obtain the aluminum alloy box body.
More preferably, in the ingot casting process in the aluminum alloy smelting process in the step 1), ultrasonic assistance is adopted to facilitate grain refinement in the ingot and the subsequent alloy die forging process, the ultrasonic frequency is 0.5MHz-1MHz, and the power density is 0.3-0.32W/cm2。
More preferably, the length of the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body is 600-800mm, the width is 150-300mm, the height of the box body is 100-160mm, and the thickness is 5-10 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by using the die forging method, the die forging cracking of the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy can be avoided, and the problems of low yield, high cost and the like are solved. The tensile strength of the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body prepared by the method is more than or equal to 320MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 190MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 12%; the comprehensive performance is superior to that of the high-magnesium 5 series aluminum alloy box produced by traditional forging and machining.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention, so that the technical solutions and the advantages thereof are more clear and definite. The following examples are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example one
In this embodiment, the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy comprises the following ingredients by mass percent: 0.3 percent of Si, 0.1 percent of Fe0.1 percent, 0.1 percent of Cu0.1 percent, 0.05 percent of Mn0.0 percent, 6.0 percent of Mg0.1 percent, 0.03 percent of single impurity, 0.12 percent of impurity in total and the balance of Al; the composite material in this example was prepared according to the following steps:
a die forging method for a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy ingot, preparing an aluminum alloy raw material with high magnesium content according to the following weight fraction ratio, adding the prepared high-magnesium aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be smelted into an aluminum alloy solution, and casting the aluminum alloy solution into the aluminum alloy ingot. The aluminum alloy smelting process adopts ultrasonic assistance, the ultrasonic frequency is 0.5MHz, and the power density is 0.32W/cm2。
2) Homogenizing, namely putting the cast aluminum alloy ingot in a homogenizing furnace, heating to 480 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours;
3) forging, namely heating the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy cast ingot to 460 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, and carrying out first forging at the die heating temperature of 460 ℃, wherein the die pressing amount is controlled to be 60% of the total pressing amount, and the die pressing speed is 1.5mm/min, so as to obtain a first die forging; and heating the first die forging to 490 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, keeping the heating temperature of the die at 470 ℃, and performing secondary die forging to ensure that the pressing amount is 100% of the designed pressing amount, and the pressing speed is 0.5mm/min, so as to obtain a second die forging, wherein the second die forging is a final pressing piece.
4) Stabilizing, namely placing the second die forging obtained in the step 3) in a heat treatment furnace for heat preservation for 1h, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 100 ℃.
5) And (3) machining, namely placing the die forging obtained in the step 4) in a CNC machining milling machine, and machining the die forging into an aluminum alloy box body with the length of 800mm, the width of 150mm, the height of 160mm and the thickness of 5 mm.
Example two
In this embodiment, the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy comprises the following ingredients by mass percent: 0.2% of Si, 0.25% of Fe0, 0.05% of Cu0.1%, 0.1% of Mn0.2%, 0.05% of Zn0.04% of single impurity, 0.13% of impurity in total, and the balance of Al; the composite material in this example was prepared according to the following steps:
a die forging method for a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy ingot, preparing an aluminum alloy raw material with high magnesium content according to the following weight fraction ratio, adding the prepared high-magnesium aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be smelted into an aluminum alloy solution, and casting the aluminum alloy solution into the aluminum alloy ingot. The aluminum alloy smelting process adopts ultrasonic assistance, the ultrasonic frequency is 0.75MHz, and the power density is 0.31W/cm2。
2) Homogenizing, namely putting the cast aluminum alloy ingot in a homogenizing furnace, heating to 500 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 7 hours;
3) forging, namely preheating a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy cast ingot to 470 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, heating the mold to 450 ℃, and performing first forging, wherein the pressing amount of the mold is controlled to be 70% of the total pressing amount, and the pressing speed of the mold is 1.2mm/min, so as to obtain a first die forging; and heating the first die forging to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3h, keeping the heating temperature of the die at 460 ℃, and performing secondary die forging to ensure that the pressing amount is 100% of the designed pressing amount and the pressing speed is 0.65mm/min, so as to obtain a second die forging which is a final pressing piece.
4) Stabilizing, namely placing the second die forging obtained in the step 3) in a heat treatment furnace for heat preservation for 2 hours, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 150 ℃.
5) And (4) machining, namely placing the die forging subjected to the stabilizing treatment in the step 4) into a CNC machining milling machine, and machining the die forging into an aluminum alloy box body with the length of 700mm, the width of 200mm, the height of 130mm and the thickness of 8 mm.
EXAMPLE III
In this embodiment, the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy comprises the following ingredients by mass percent: 0.1% of Si, 0.4% of Fe0.02%, 0.2% of Cu0.02%, 0.2% of Mn, 4.5% of Mg4, 0.02% of Zn0.05% of single impurity, 0.15% of impurity in total and the balance of Al; the composite material in this example was prepared according to the following steps:
a die forging method for a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy ingot, preparing an aluminum alloy raw material with high magnesium content according to the following weight fraction ratio, adding the prepared high-magnesium aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be smelted into an aluminum alloy solution, and casting the aluminum alloy solution into the aluminum alloy ingot. The aluminum alloy smelting process adopts ultrasonic assistance, the ultrasonic frequency is 1MHz, and the power density is 0.3W/cm2。
2) Homogenizing, namely putting the cast aluminum alloy ingot in a homogenizing furnace, heating at 520 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6 hours;
3) forging, namely preheating a high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy cast ingot to 480 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, heating the mold to 440 ℃, and performing first forging, wherein the pressing amount of the mold is controlled to be 70% of the total pressing amount, and the pressing speed of the mold is 0.8mm/min, so as to obtain a first die forging; and heating the first die forging to 510 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, keeping the heating temperature of the die at 450 ℃, and performing secondary die forging to ensure that the pressing amount is 100% of the designed pressing amount, and the pressing speed is 0.8mm/min, so as to obtain a second die forging, wherein the second die forging is a final pressing piece.
4) Stabilizing, namely placing the second die forging obtained in the step 3) in a heat treatment furnace for heat preservation for 1h, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 200 ℃.
5) And (4) machining, namely placing the die forging subjected to the stabilizing treatment in the step 4) into a CNC machining milling machine, and machining the die forging into an aluminum alloy box body with the length of 800mm, the width of 300mm, the height of 100mm and the thickness of 10 mm.
Comparative example one: different from the first embodiment, the ultrasonic-assisted melting is not adopted in the step 1), and the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Comparative example two: different from the first embodiment, the final pressing piece is obtained by adopting one-time die forging in the die forging process in the step 3), and the die forging process parameters are the same as those of the second-time die forging process, so that the pressing amount is ensured to be 100%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Comparative example three: unlike the first embodiment, the final die forging in the third step was not stabilized, i.e., machined. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The following table shows the quality and the performance of the box body material of the high-magnesium 5 series aluminum alloy prepared in the first to third examples and the first to third comparative examples of the invention respectively, which are detected and compared, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 Performance data for examples one-third and comparative examples one-third
The box body obtained in the first embodiment and the third embodiment has no phenomena of deformation and surface cracking, and the mechanical properties of the material of the box body are excellent, wherein the tensile strength is more than or equal to 320MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 190MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 12 percent, which proves that the effect of the invention is excellent. Compared with the first embodiment, in the first embodiment, no ultrasonic auxiliary means is used in the alloy smelting process, and although the produced die forging is not deformed, cracking already occurs, mainly because: without ultrasonic assistance, the grain refining effect in the alloy is not obvious, the grain strengthening effect in the alloy is not obvious, the plastic deformation capacity of the alloy with coarse grains is insufficient in the deformation process, the box body is cracked, and the yield of box body parts is reduced; in addition, the mechanical properties of the alloy are also significantly reduced. Compared with the first embodiment, the die forging process of the second embodiment is one-off, so that the box body is deformed, the box body is obviously cracked, and the mechanical properties of the alloy are obviously deteriorated due to the reduction of the forging quality. The main reason is that the high magnesium 5 alloy has insufficient die forging capability, and one-time forging causes excessive deformation of the alloy material, damages parts, and obviously deteriorates the mechanical properties of the material. Compared with the first embodiment, the third comparative example does not perform stabilization treatment finally, and as a result, the alloy box body is seriously deformed, and the main reason is that strong internal stress exists in the box body after the box body is subjected to die forging, and the internal stress is not eliminated or weakened, so that the final box body is deformed, the size deviation is caused, and the yield of the box body is reduced. Therefore, ultrasonic-assisted melting, secondary die forging and stabilizing treatment are important means for ensuring the quality of the box body, and the quality of the final box body can be influenced by random deletion or exchange of the treatment sequence.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that other equivalent modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, and all such modifications can be made as are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The die forging method for the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body is characterized in that the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy is a 5-series aluminum alloy with magnesium accounting for more than 4.5% by weight, and the die forging method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing high-magnesium 5 series aluminum alloy ingots: adding the prepared high-magnesium 5 series aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace for smelting, and casting into an aluminum alloy ingot;
2) homogenizing: heating the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step 1) to 480-520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6-8 hours, and cooling in air to room temperature;
3) die forging: heating the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step 2) to 460-480 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, controlling the mold pressing amount to be 60-70% of the total pressing amount, and controlling the mold pressing speed to be 0.8-1.5 mm/min, wherein the mold heating temperature is 440-460 ℃, and performing primary die forging; then heating the die forging obtained by the first die forging to 490-510 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, and carrying out second die forging at the die heating temperature of 450-470 ℃, wherein the pressing amount is 100% of the total pressing amount, and the pressing speed is 0.5-0.8 mm/min, so as to obtain a second die forging;
4) and (3) stabilizing treatment: preserving heat of the second die forging obtained in the step 3), wherein the heat preservation temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
5) and (3) machining: and 4) machining the second die forging obtained in the step 4) to a final size to obtain the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body.
2. The die forging method for the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy in the step 1) is prepared according to the following weight percentage: 0% and less than or equal to 0.3% of Si, 0% and less than or equal to 0.4% of Fe, 0% and less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, 0.05% and less than or equal to 0.2% of Mn, 4.5% and less than or equal to 6.0% of Mg, 0% and less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity in total, and the balance of Al.
3. The die forging method for the high-magnesium 5-series aluminum alloy box body according to claim 1, wherein ultrasonic auxiliary means is adopted in the smelting process in the step 1), the ultrasonic frequency is 0.5MHz-1MHz, and the power density is 0.3W/cm2-0.32W/cm2。
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