CN111541233A - Protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitor by operational amplifier - Google Patents

Protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitor by operational amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111541233A
CN111541233A CN202010388183.4A CN202010388183A CN111541233A CN 111541233 A CN111541233 A CN 111541233A CN 202010388183 A CN202010388183 A CN 202010388183A CN 111541233 A CN111541233 A CN 111541233A
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resistor
electrolytic capacitor
power supply
input end
inverting input
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李全民
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
    • G08B5/22—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G08B5/36—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
    • G09B23/183—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a protection circuit for realizing the reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier, which comprises a capacitor E1, a wiring terminal JP1 and a capacitor reverse connection protection circuit, wherein the protection circuit consists of an operational amplifier U1A, a U1B, a triode Q1 and a relay JDQ, E1 is connected to JP1 through a normally open point of the JDQ, an inverting input end of U1A is respectively connected to a positive power supply and a ground power supply through R5 and R6, and a non-inverting input end of U1B is connected to the connection part of R5 and R6; the output end of U1A is connected to the base of Q1 via R8, the collector of Q1 is connected to the coil of JDQ in series and then to the positive of power supply; the output end of the U1B is connected to the power supply through the R7 and the LED1 in sequence. According to the protection circuit, when the capacitor E1 is in a wrong wiring state, the protection circuit can enable the E1 to be in a disconnected state all the time, the LED1 is lightened to warn of the wrong wiring, and the phenomena of capacitor damage and capacitor explosion caused by the wrong wiring are avoided.

Description

Protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitor by operational amplifier
Technical Field
The invention relates to a protection circuit for reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor, in particular to a protection circuit for reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier.
Background
The electrolytic capacitor with polarity contains electrolyte material for storing charge, and is divided into positive and negative electrodes which are not connected reversely. The students in the electrical profession often use the polar electrolytic capacitor when doing the experiment, and in particular in the aspect of power filtering, the polar electrolytic capacitor is damaged if the polar electrolytic capacitor is reversely connected, so that the normal operation of the experiment is influenced, and the polar electrolytic capacitor explodes if the polar electrolytic capacitor is heavy, so that personal injury is caused. Therefore, in some experimental circuits, reverse connection protection of the polar electrolytic capacitor is imperative. The invention can prevent the reversely connected electrolytic capacitor from being put into a charged circuit, plays a role in protection and can generate alarm indication.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier to overcome the defects of the technical problems.
The invention relates to a protection circuit for realizing the reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier, which comprises a polar electrolytic capacitor E1, a capacitor wiring terminal and a capacitor reverse connection protection circuit, wherein E1 is the protected electrolytic capacitor, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the polar electrolytic capacitor are connected with the capacitor wiring terminal; the method is characterized in that: the capacitor reverse connection protection circuit consists of an operational amplifier U1A, an operational amplifier U1B, an NPN triode Q1, a relay JDQ, a direct-current power supply circuit and diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, wherein the anode of E1 is connected to a capacitor wiring terminal JP1 through the normally open point of the relay JDQ, the cathode of E1 is connected to the reverse phase input end of U1B through a resistor R1, and the anode of E1 is connected to the non-phase input end of U1A through the normally open point of the JDQ and a resistor R2; the cathode and the anode of the diode D1 and the anode and the cathode of the diode D3 are respectively connected with the non-inverting input end of U1A and the non-inverting input end of U1B, and the cathode and the anode of D2 and the anode and the cathode of D4 are respectively connected with the non-inverting input end and the inverting input end of U1B; the non-inverting input end of U1A is connected with the inverting input end of U1B through a resistor R4 and a resistor R3 in sequence, and the connection point of R4 and R3 is connected with a power ground; the inverting input end of U1A is connected to the positive power supply and the ground power supply through a resistor R5 and a resistor R6 respectively, and the non-inverting input end of U1B is connected to the connection of R5 and R6;
the output end of the U1A is connected to the base electrode of a triode Q1 through a resistor R8, the emitting electrode of Q1 is connected to the ground of a power supply, and the collecting electrode of Q1 is connected with the coil of a relay JDQ in series and then connected to the positive side of the power supply; the output end of the U1B is connected to the positive end of a power supply through a resistor R7 and a light emitting diode LED1 in sequence, and the positive electrode of the LED1 is connected with the positive end of the power supply.
The invention relates to a protection circuit for realizing the reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier, wherein a direct-current power supply circuit is composed of a transformer TB1, a three-terminal voltage-regulator tube PV, an electrolytic capacitor E2, an electrolytic capacitor E3 and a rectifier bridge composed of D6, D7, D8 and D9, a primary side winding of the transformer TB1 is connected to an alternating-current commercial power supply, a secondary side winding is connected to the input end of the rectifier bridge, the positive electrode output end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the input end of the three-terminal voltage-regulator tube PV, the negative electrode output end of the rectifier bridge forms a power ground, and the electrolytic capacitor E3 is connected in parallel; the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV forms a positive power supply, and the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor E2 are respectively connected to the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV and the power ground.
The invention relates to a protection circuit for realizing the reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier, wherein two ends of a JDQ coil of a relay are connected with a freewheeling diode D5 in parallel, the anode of a D5 is connected with the collector of a triode Q1, and the cathode of the D5 is connected with the anode of a power supply.
The invention relates to a protection circuit for realizing the reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier, wherein the resistance values of a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4 are all 100k omega, the resistance value of the resistor R5 is 30k omega, and the resistance value of a resistor R6 is 1k omega; both resistor R7 and resistor R8 are 4.7 Ω.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a protection circuit with reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors, which consists of a capacitor E1, operational amplifiers U1A and U1B, a triode Q1, a relay JDQ and a direct-current power supply circuit, wherein the input ends of the two operational amplifiers U1A and U1B are provided with an overvoltage protection circuit consisting of four diodes (D1, D2, D3 and D4) and a voltage division circuit consisting of resistors R5 and R6, when JP1 does not connect E1 into an experimental circuit or the experimental circuit is connected into the experimental circuit but the experimental circuit is not electrified, the voltage of the reverse phase input end of U1A is higher than that of the non-phase input end of U1B, the voltage of the non-phase input end of U1B is higher than that of the reverse phase input end of U1A, the output low level, the output high level of U1B, Q1 is cut off, an LED1 does not emit light, the relay JDQ coil is not electrified, the E1 is in a disconnected state and; when JP1 accesses E1 to other experimental circuits and the connection of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is wrong, U1A and U1B both output low level, Q1 is cut off to enable the coil of the relay JDQ not to be electrified, E1 cannot be put into the experimental circuit, and the light emitting diode LED1 is lightened to send out a connection error alarm signal; when E1 is connected to the experimental circuit in a correct mode, U1A and U1B both output high level, Q1 is conducted to electrify the coil of the relay JDQ, E1 is put into the experimental circuit, and the LED1 is not lighted.
Therefore, when the polar electrolytic capacitor E1 is mistakenly connected to the experimental circuit, the protective circuit can keep the capacitor E1 in a disconnected state all the time, so that the polar electrolytic capacitor E1 is effectively protected, the light-emitting diode LED1 is lightened to warn of wiring errors, and the phenomena of capacitor damage and capacitor explosion caused by the wiring errors of the polar electrolytic capacitor in the experimental process of students are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier.
In the figure: 1a polar electrolytic capacitor E1, 2 an operational amplifier U1A, 3 an operational amplifier U1B, 4 a triode Q1, 5 a relay JDQ, 6 a transformer TB1, 7 a three-terminal regulator tube PV and 8 a capacitor connecting terminal JP 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, a circuit diagram of a protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier is provided, the protection circuit is composed of a polar electrolytic capacitor E1 (1), a capacitor connecting terminal JP1 (8) and a reverse capacitor connection protection circuit, E1 is a protected electrolytic capacitor and is used for being connected to other experimental circuits, JP1 is a connecting terminal of a polar electrolytic capacitor E1, JP1 is provided with two connecting terminals, the negative electrode of the polar electrolytic capacitor E1 is directly connected with one connecting terminal of JP1, and the positive electrode of E1 is connected with the other connecting terminal of JP1 through a normally open point of a relay JDQ. The reverse capacitor connection protection circuit is composed of an operational amplifier U1A (2), an operational amplifier U1B (3), a triode Q1, a relay JDQ, a direct current power supply circuit and diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, wherein the negative electrode of the E1 is connected with the reverse phase input end of the operational amplifier U1B through a resistor R1 with a large resistance value (such as 100k omega), the normally open point of the relay JDQ connected to the positive electrode of the E1 in series is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1A through a resistor R2 with a large resistance value (such as 100k omega), and the R1 and the R2 play roles of current limiting, isolating and protecting, so that the E1 cannot have destructive influence on the reverse capacitor connection protection circuit after being connected to other experimental circuits through the JP 1.
The cathode of the diode D1 and the anode of the diode D3 are both connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1A, the anode of the diode D2 and the cathode of the diode D4 are both connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1B, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the cathode of the operational amplifier D2, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the anode of the operational amplifier D4. The connection between D1 and D2 and the connection between D3 and D4 are both connected with the non-inverting input end of U1B, and diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 realize overvoltage protection on the input ends of two operational amplifiers (U1A and U1B). The non-inverting input terminal of U1A is connected to the inverting input terminal of U1B through a resistor R4 and a resistor R3 in sequence, the connection of R3 and R4 is connected to a power ground, when JP1 is not connected to other experimental circuits or the experimental circuits are not electrified although JP1 is connected to other experimental circuits, the non-inverting input terminal of U1A is pulled to the ground potential by R4, and the inverting input terminal of U1B is pulled to the ground potential by R3.
Two ends of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 after being connected in series are respectively connected to a power supply positive terminal and a power supply ground, an inverting input terminal of U1A and a non-inverting input terminal of U1B are both connected to a connection part of R5 and R6, R5 and R6 form a voltage division circuit, resistors with the resistance values of 30k omega and 1k omega can be respectively adopted, and when a power supply positive voltage Vcc is 12V, the inverting input terminal of U1A and the non-inverting input terminal of U1B both obtain the voltage of about 0.4V.
The output end of the operational amplifier U1A is connected to the base electrode of a triode Q1 through a resistor R8, the triode Q1 is an NPN type triode, the emitting electrode of the Q1 is connected to the ground of a power supply, the collecting electrode of the Q2 is connected with one end of a coil of a relay JDQ, and the other end of the coil of the JDQ is connected to the positive side of the power supply; thus, when the U1A outputs low level, the Q1 is cut off, no current flows in the coil of the relay JDQ, the normally open point of the JDQ is maintained in an off state, and the E1 is not connected to the experimental circuit; when U1A outputs high level, Q1 is saturated and conducted, current passes through the coil of JDQ, and the normally open point of JDQ is closed. The both ends of relay JDQ coil still are parallelly connected with diode D5, and the positive pole of D5 connects on the collector of Q1, and the negative pole of D5 connects directly on the power, and diode D5 realizes the afterflow effect, prevents that relay JDQ coil from producing the self-inductance high pressure.
The direct-current power supply circuit comprises a transformer TB1 (6), a three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV (7), an electrolytic capacitor E2, an electrolytic capacitor E3 and a full-bridge rectification circuit consisting of triodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, wherein the primary side of the transformer TB1 is connected to an alternating-current mains supply, the secondary side of the transformer TB1 is connected to the input end of the full-bridge rectification circuit, the positive electrode output end of the full-bridge rectification circuit is connected to the input end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV, and the negative electrode output end of the full-. The electrolytic capacitor E3 is arranged at the output end of the full-bridge rectification circuit, the electrolytic capacitor E2 is arranged at the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV, and the electrolytic capacitors E3 and E2 play roles in filtering and voltage regulation.
When the transformer TB is connected with a power supply, the circuit starts to work.
When JP1 is not connected to other experimental circuits or the experimental circuit is not powered although connected to other experimental circuits: the positive Vcc of the power supply provided by the DC power supply circuit can form a voltage potential of about 0.4V at the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1A and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1B through a voltage division circuit formed by resistors R5 and R6, because the R4 pulls the input end 3 of the operational amplifier U1A to the ground potential, the voltage of the non-inverting input end of the U1A is lower than the voltage of the inverting input end thereof, the U1A outputs a low level, the Q1 is cut off, the electromagnetic coil of the relay JDQ is not electrified, the normally open contact of the JDQ does not act, and the protected polar electrolytic capacitor E1 is not connected into an experimental circuit. Meanwhile, since the R3 pulls the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1B to ground potential, and the non-inverting input terminal of U1B has a voltage of about 0.4V, the potential of the non-inverting input terminal of U1B is higher than that of the inverting input terminal thereof, the potential of the output terminal of U1B is high, and the two ends of the indicator light are equipotential, so that no light is emitted. The state at this time is: electrolytic capacitor E1 is not put into an external circuit, and error indicator LED1 does not emit light.
When E1 is erroneously plugged into the experimental circuit and the experimental circuit is powered on: the current generated by the external experimental circuit forms a loop through the R1, the D2, the D1 and the R2, and a lower positive voltage and an upper negative voltage are formed at two ends of the diodes D1 and D2. The voltage of D1 is added on the inverting input terminal and the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1A, and the voltage of U1A inverting input terminal still is greater than the voltage of its non-inverting input terminal this moment, and U1A output terminal potential still is low level (be 0), and Q1 ends, and JDQ's solenoid does not energize, and JDQ normally open contact does not move, has guaranteed that capacitor E1 connects the mistake back, can not put into the experimental circuit. The voltage across the diode D2 is applied to the inverting input terminal and the non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier U1B, so that the output terminal of U1B outputs a low level (0 potential) and the LED1 indicating the E1 misconnection lights up.
When E1 is properly connected to the experimental circuit and the experimental circuit is powered on: the current generated by the external experimental circuit forms a loop through the R2, the D3, the D4 and the R1, and positive and negative voltages are formed at the two ends of the diodes D3 and D4. The voltage of D1 is applied to the non-inverting and inverting input terminals of operational amplifier U1A, so that the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of U1A is greater than that of the inverting input terminal thereof, at this time, the high potential of the output terminal of U1A is conducted in saturation, Q1 is conducted in saturation, the JDQ electromagnetic coil is electrified, the normally open contact of JD1 is closed, and the polarized electrolytic capacitor E1 is put into an experimental circuit. The voltages at the two ends of the diode D4 are applied to the non-inverting input end and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1B, and the voltage at the non-inverting input end of the U1B is higher than that at the inverting input end, so that the high potential at the output end of the U1B and the two ends of the error sign indicator LED1 are equipotential and do not emit light at the moment.

Claims (4)

1. A protection circuit for realizing the reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier comprises a polar electrolytic capacitor E1 (1), a capacitor wiring terminal JP1 (8) and a capacitor reverse connection protection circuit, wherein E1 is the protected electrolytic capacitor, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the polar electrolytic capacitor are connected with the capacitor wiring terminal; the method is characterized in that: the capacitor reverse connection protection circuit consists of an operational amplifier U1A (2), an operational amplifier U1B (3), an NPN type triode Q1, a relay JDQ, a direct current power supply circuit and diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, wherein the anode of E1 is connected to a capacitor wiring terminal JP1 through the normally open point of the relay JDQ, the cathode of E1 is connected to the reverse phase input end of U1B through a resistor R1, and the anode of E1 is connected to the non-phase input end of U1A through the normally open point of the JDQ and a resistor R2; the cathode and the anode of the diode D1 and the anode and the cathode of the diode D3 are respectively connected with the non-inverting input end of U1A and the non-inverting input end of U1B, and the cathode and the anode of D2 and the anode and the cathode of D4 are respectively connected with the non-inverting input end and the inverting input end of U1B; the non-inverting input end of U1A is connected with the inverting input end of U1B through a resistor R4 and a resistor R3 in sequence, and the connection point of R4 and R3 is connected with a power ground; the inverting input end of U1A is connected to the positive power supply and the ground power supply through a resistor R5 and a resistor R6 respectively, and the non-inverting input end of U1B is connected to the connection of R5 and R6;
the output end of the U1A is connected to the base electrode of a triode Q1 through a resistor R8, the emitting electrode of Q1 is connected to the ground of a power supply, and the collecting electrode of Q1 is connected with the coil of a relay JDQ in series and then connected to the positive side of the power supply; the output end of the U1B is connected to the positive end of a power supply through a resistor R7 and a light emitting diode LED1 in sequence, and the positive electrode of the LED1 is connected with the positive end of the power supply.
2. The protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the direct current power supply circuit is composed of a transformer TB1 (6), a three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV (7), an electrolytic capacitor E2, an electrolytic capacitor E3 and a rectifier bridge composed of D6, D7, D8 and D9, wherein a primary winding of the transformer TB1 is connected to an alternating current commercial power supply, a secondary winding of the transformer TB1 is connected to the input end of the rectifier bridge, the positive output end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the input end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV, the negative output end of the rectifier bridge forms a power ground, and the electrolytic capacitor E3 is connected in parallel to the output end of the rectifier; the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV forms a positive power supply, and the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor E2 are respectively connected to the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV and the power ground.
3. The protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: two ends of the coil of the relay JDQ (5) are connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode D5, the anode of the D5 is connected to the collector of the triode Q1, and the cathode is connected to the positive of the power supply.
4. The protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using an operational amplifier as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the resistances of the resistor R1, the resistor R2, the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are all 100k omega, the resistance R5 is 30k omega, and the resistance R6 is 1k omega; both resistor R7 and resistor R8 are 4.7 Ω.
CN202010388183.4A 2020-05-09 2020-05-09 Protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitor by operational amplifier Withdrawn CN111541233A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010388183.4A CN111541233A (en) 2020-05-09 2020-05-09 Protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitor by operational amplifier

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010388183.4A CN111541233A (en) 2020-05-09 2020-05-09 Protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitor by operational amplifier

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CN111541233A true CN111541233A (en) 2020-08-14

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CN202010388183.4A Withdrawn CN111541233A (en) 2020-05-09 2020-05-09 Protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitor by operational amplifier

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116345639A (en) * 2023-05-16 2023-06-27 深圳市高斯宝电气技术有限公司 Automatic reverse connection preventing circuit based on operational amplifier control relay

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116345639A (en) * 2023-05-16 2023-06-27 深圳市高斯宝电气技术有限公司 Automatic reverse connection preventing circuit based on operational amplifier control relay
CN116345639B (en) * 2023-05-16 2023-10-27 深圳市高斯宝电气技术有限公司 Automatic reverse connection preventing circuit based on operational amplifier control relay

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