CN111537431A - Liquid CO2Phase change fracturing effect similar simulation experiment device and experiment method - Google Patents
Liquid CO2Phase change fracturing effect similar simulation experiment device and experiment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses liquid CO2The phase change fracturing effect similar simulation experiment device comprises a similar model die, a base, trundles, a similar material strain detection block, a strain gauge and a drilling peeping instrument, wherein the similar material strain detection block is a cubic block made of rock stratum similar materials, and three strain gauges distributed in a shape like a Chinese character 'zi' are arranged at the positions, close to corners, of the top surface of the similar material strain detection block; the similar material strain detection blocks are paved between two concrete pouring layers of the similar model die in a layered manner, a reserved hole for the blasting cartridge and liquid CO are reserved at the top2The phase change cracking blasting cartridge is connected with a cracking device outside the similar model die. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses liquid CO2A phase change cracking effect similar simulation experiment method. Has the characteristics of low cost and easy maintenance, and can accurately research liquid CO by observing the strain data and the crack propagation of the similar model2Caused by phase changeThe fracturing device has the fracturing effect and is suitable for comprehensive research of phase change fracturing of multiple rock layers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground space blasting equipment for mining, tunnel construction and the like, and particularly relates to liquid CO2A phase change cracking effect similar simulation experiment device and an experiment method are provided.
Background
Liquid CO2The phase change cracking technology is an explosion technology with advanced concept, safe method and obvious effect, belongs to physical explosion, has the advantages of no spark exposure in the explosion process, high explosion power, no need of explosion inspection, simple and convenient operation, no civil explosion product, no approval for transportation, storage and use and the like, and is widely applied to coal mining, blockage removal and building demolition. Therefore, the liquid carbon dioxide phase-change fracturing technology is expected to replace explosive presplitting blasting, hydraulic reaming and hydraulic fracturing to enhance and improve the air permeability of the coal rock stratum and quickly eliminate the outburst danger or rock burst.
In recent years, liquid CO is aimed at home and abroad2The research on phase change cracking and other rock breaking technologies is gradually deepened, and the quantitative research on the rock breaking power under different conditions is increasingly urgent. At present, the research on the rock breaking force is mainly focused on a laboratory or theoretical calculation is carried out by using numerical simulation software; the former has limited research conditions and higher experimental cost, while the latter is limited by calculation accuracy and mathematical model, and the calculation result has a certain deviation from the actual situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide liquid CO which is low in cost and easy to maintain2The phase change cracking effect similar simulation experiment device can accurately research liquid CO by observing strain data and crack propagation of a similar model2The phase change cracking device has cracking effect and is suitable for phase change of multiple rock stratumsComprehensive research on cracking.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: liquid CO2The phase change fracturing effect similar simulation experiment device comprises a similar model die, a base, trundles, a similar material strain detection block, strain gauges and a drilling peeping instrument, wherein the similar model die is an iron drum with an open top, an observation hole and a strain gauge wiring hole are reserved in the side wall of the iron drum, the similar model die is fixedly installed on the base, the trundles are provided with brakes and installed at the bottom of the base, the similar material strain detection block is a cubic block made of rock stratum similar materials, three strain gauges are arranged on the top surface of the similar material strain detection block close to a corner, two strain gauges are respectively parallel to two edges of the cubic block, a third strain gauge is respectively at an included angle of 45 degrees with the first two strain gauges, and the three strain gauges are integrally distributed in a shape of a Chinese character 'individual'; concrete pouring layers are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the similar model die, similar material strain detection blocks are laid between the two concrete pouring layers in a layered mode, at least three similar material strain detection blocks which are circumferentially and uniformly distributed around the axis of the iron drum are arranged on each layer, three strain gauges of each similar material strain detection block are uniformly arranged on corners far away from the axis of the iron drum, rock stratum similar materials are filled between the similar material strain detection blocks on the same layer and between the similar material strain detection blocks on the upper layer and the lower layer, and a shot hole for supplying liquid CO is reserved in the concrete pouring layer at the top and in the middle position of the rock stratum similar materials2The phase change cracking blasting cartridge is inserted from top to bottom, and the liquid CO is2The phase change fracturing blasting cartridge is connected with a fracturing device outside the similar model die, a flat cable of the strain gauge passes through a strain gauge flat cable hole to be connected with the strain gauge, the drilling peeping instrument can pass through an observation hole to observe the fracture development condition, and each layer of similar material strain detection block is correspondingly provided with the strain gauge flat cable hole and the observation hole.
Preferably, the side length of the similar material strain detection block is 5cm, the diameter of the observation hole and the strain gauge arranging hole is 5cm, the diameter of the preformed hole of the blasting cartridge is 11cm, and the depth of the preformed hole is 0.5 m.
More preferably, the number of the caster wheels is four, and the caster wheels are distributed on the bottom of the base in a rectangular shape.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides liquid CO2The phase change cracking effect similar simulation experiment method utilizes the liquid CO2Phase transition fracturing effect simulation experiment device includes the following steps:
step one, preparing a rock stratum similar material;
calculating the required quality of the rock stratum similar materials according to the geometric similarity ratio, the stress similarity ratio and the quality similarity ratio; mixing river sand, cement and gypsum uniformly according to a certain proportion, adding a proper amount of water, and further uniformly stirring to prepare various rock stratum similar materials;
step two, preparing a similar material strain detection block;
respectively pouring similar materials of each rock stratum into a similar model die to prepare a plurality of cubic blocks with the same size and specification but different rock stratums, obtaining a similar material strain detection block after the similar materials of the rock stratums are air-dried and hardened, sticking a three-direction 45-degree strain gauge on the surface of the similar material strain detection block to measure the strain of the similar material strain detection block in three directions, and welding the lead of the strain gauge and a flat cable on a wiring terminal by using an electric soldering iron; detecting welding path resistances by using a universal meter, wherein all the path resistances are in a reasonable range, and the similar material strain detection block is successfully manufactured;
step three, preparing concrete;
step four, material boxing and instrument installation and connection;
pouring concrete at the bottom of a similar model die, laying similar material strain detection blocks in a layered manner, laying at least three similar material strain detection blocks which are uniformly distributed circumferentially around the axis of an iron drum in each layer, uniformly arranging three strain gages of each similar material strain detection block on a corner far away from the axis of the iron drum, filling rock stratum similar materials between the similar material strain detection blocks on the same layer and between the similar material strain detection blocks on the upper layer and the lower layer, laying one layer of similar material strain detection block, and passing the flat cables of the strain gages on the layer through the corresponding flat cables on the layerThe strain gauge is led out from a strain gauge wiring hole and connected with a strain gauge; pouring concrete on the top layer, and reserving a reserved hole of the blasting cartridge at the middle position of the concrete pouring layer on the top and rock stratum similar materials; finally, the liquid CO is mixed2Inserting the phase change cracking blasting cartridge into the reserved hole of the blasting cartridge from top to bottom, and introducing liquid CO2The phase change fracturing blasting cartridge is connected with a fracturing device outside the similar model die;
step five, simulating an experiment of the phase change cracking effect;
starting the strain gauge and the cracking device by liquid CO2Performing fracturing permeability increase on the similar model die by the phase change fracturing blasting cartridge, and simultaneously detecting strain gauge data of the similar material strain detection block; and after fracturing is finished, closing the strain gauge and the fracturing gauge, and inserting the drilling peeping instrument into the observation hole to observe the similar model fracture development condition after fracturing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) an iron drum with an opening at the top is used as a similar model mould, and is provided with a caster wheel with a brake, so that the whole structure is small and compact, the movement is convenient, the manufacturing and using cost is low, and the maintenance is easy;
(2) concrete pouring layers are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the similar model mould to enhance the strength of the similar model mould, cubic blocks made of rock stratum similar materials are paved between the two concrete pouring layers in a layering mode to serve as similar material strain detection blocks, and three strain gauges distributed in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi' are adhered to the three strain gauges and are respectively used for measuring three-dimensional strain in the phase change cracking process of different rock stratums; the three strain gauges of each similar material strain detection block are uniformly arranged on a corner far away from the axis of the iron drum, and the average value of the strain of the similar material strain detection blocks in each layer in each direction is calculated, so that the measurement structure is more accurate;
(3) the strain measurement of the traditional rock-soil similar model test mainly adopts a diaphragm type pressure sensor, the sensor can only measure the stress data which is vertical to the direction of the diaphragm, and the sensor can influence the model strength after being placed in the similar model; the similar material strain detection block made of the rock stratum similar material is placed in the rock stratum similar material, so that the strength of a model cannot be influenced, the test result is more accurate, and the test block has higher reference and research values;
(4) an observation hole and a strain gauge wire arranging hole are reserved on the side wall of the iron drum for crack development observation and strain gauge wire arranging, so that CO is enabled2The phase change cracking effect is more visual;
(5) the similar material strain detection blocks are laid in multiple layers, similar materials of each layer are different, multiple rock strata can be researched in one set of device, the device is suitable for comprehensive research on phase change cracking of multiple rock strata, and the device is efficient and energy-saving.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation experiment apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a similar material strain sensing block.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in the combined FIG. 1-FIG. 3, a liquid CO2The phase change fracturing effect similar simulation experiment device mainly comprises a similar model die 1, a base 2, trundles 3, a similar material strain detection block 4, a strain gauge (not shown in the figure), a drilling peeping instrument (not shown in the figure), and liquid CO2A phase change cracking blasting cartridge (not shown in the figure) and a cracking device (not shown in the figure).
The caster 3 is provided with a brake and is mounted at the bottom of the base. The casters 3 are preferably four in number and are arranged in a rectangular shape on the bottom of the base 2. The convenient removal, and when removing suitable position, adopt the brake fixed, prevent to take place to move in the experimentation, very small and exquisite convenience.
The similar material strain detecting block 4 is a cubic block made of a rock formation similar material. Three strain gauges 6 are arranged on the top surface of the similar material strain detection block close to the corner, wherein two strain gauges are respectively parallel to two edges of the cubic block, the third strain gauge is respectively at an included angle of 45 degrees with the first two strain gauges, and the three strain gauges are integrally distributed in a shape like a Chinese character 'ji'.
Concrete pouring layers 7 are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the similar model die, and the similar material strain detection blocks 4 are paved between the two concrete pouring layers 7 in a layered mode. At least three similar material strain detection blocks 4 which are uniformly distributed around the axis of the iron drum in the circumferential direction are arranged on each layer, and three strain gauges 6 of each similar material strain detection block 4 are uniformly distributed on a corner far away from the axis of the iron drum. Rock stratum similar materials 8 are filled between the similar material strain detection blocks 4 on the same layer and between the similar material strain detection blocks 4 on the upper layer and the lower layer. The number of the similar material strain detecting pieces 4 per layer is not limited to three, and preferably 3 to 5.
A preformed hole 9 of the blasting cartridge is reserved at the central position of the concrete pouring layer 7 at the top and the similar materials of the rock stratum for supplying liquid CO2The phase change cracking blasting cartridge is inserted from top to bottom. Liquid CO2The phase change cracking blasting cartridge is connected with a cracking device outside the similar model die.
The winding displacement of foil gage 6 passes foil gage winding displacement hole 1b and links to each other with the strain gauge, and the appearance can pass observation hole 1a and carry out the observation of crack development condition is peened in the drilling, and every layer of similar material strain detection piece 4 corresponds and is provided with foil gage winding displacement hole and observation hole.
Preferably, the side length of the strain detecting block 4 made of the similar material is 5cm, and the diameters of the observation hole 1a and the strain gauge arranging hole 1b are 5 cm; the diameter of the preformed hole 9 of the blasting cartridge is 11cm, and the depth is 0.5 m.
Liquid CO2The phase change cracking effect similar simulation experiment method utilizes the liquid CO2Phase transition fracturing effect simulation experiment device includes the following steps:
step one, preparing a rock stratum similar material;
calculating the required quality of the rock stratum similar materials according to the geometric similarity ratio, the stress similarity ratio and the quality similarity ratio; river sand, cement and gypsum are mixed uniformly according to a certain proportion, and proper amount of water is added to be further stirred uniformly to prepare various rock stratum similar materials.
Step two, preparing a similar material strain detection block;
respectively pouring similar materials of each rock stratum into a similar model die 1 to prepare a plurality of cubic blocks with the same size and specification but different rock stratums, obtaining a similar material strain detection block 4 after the similar materials of the rock stratums are air-dried and hardened, adhering a three-direction 45-degree strain gage 6 on the surface of the similar material strain detection block 4 to measure the strain of the similar material strain detection block 4 in three directions, and welding a lead wire of the strain gage and a flat cable on a wiring terminal by using an electric soldering iron; and detecting the resistance of the welding path by using a universal meter, wherein all the path resistances are in a reasonable range, and the similar material strain detection block 4 is successfully manufactured.
Step three, preparing concrete;
step four, material boxing and instrument installation and connection;
firstly, pouring concrete at the bottom of a similar model mould, laying similar material strain detection blocks 4 in layers, and laying at least three similar material strain detection blocks which are uniformly distributed circumferentially around the axis of an iron drum on each layer. Three strain gauges 6 of each similar material strain detection block 4 are all arranged on a corner far away from the axis of the iron drum, and rock stratum similar materials are filled between the similar material strain detection blocks on the same layer and between the similar material strain detection blocks on the upper layer and the lower layer. And (3) leading out the flat cable of the strain gauge 6 layer through the corresponding strain gauge flat cable hole 1b of the strain gauge layer and connecting the flat cable with a strain gauge when a layer of similar material strain detection block 4 is laid. Pouring concrete on the top layer, and reserving a reserved hole 9 of the blasting cartridge at the middle position of the concrete pouring layer on the top and rock stratum similar materials; finally, the liquid CO is mixed2Inserting the phase change cracking blasting cartridge into the reserved hole of the blasting cartridge from top to bottom, and introducing liquid CO2The phase change cracking blasting cartridge is connected with a cracking device outside the similar model die.
Step five, simulating an experiment of the phase change cracking effect;
starting the strain gauge and the cracking device by liquid CO2Fracturing and permeability increasing of similar model die by phase change fracturing blasting cartridge and simultaneous detection of similar material strain detection blockStrain gauge data; after fracturing is finished, the strain gauge and the fracturing device are closed, and the drilling peeping instrument is inserted into the observation hole 1a to observe the similar model fracture development condition after fracturing.
Claims (4)
1. Liquid CO2Phase transition fracturing effect simulation experiment device which characterized in that: the device comprises a similar model die, a base, trundles, similar material strain detection blocks, strain gauges and a drilling peeping instrument, wherein the similar model die is an iron drum with an open top, an observation hole and a strain gauge wiring hole are reserved on the side wall of the iron drum, the similar model die is fixedly installed on the base, the trundles are provided with brakes and installed at the bottom of the base, the similar material strain detection blocks are cubic blocks made of rock stratum similar materials, three strain gauges are arranged on the top surfaces of the similar material strain detection blocks close to corner positions, two strain gauges are respectively parallel to two edges of the cubic blocks, a third strain gauge is respectively at an included angle of 45 degrees with the first two strain gauges, and the three strain gauges are integrally distributed in a shape of a Chinese character 'individual'; concrete pouring layers are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the similar model die, similar material strain detection blocks are laid between the two concrete pouring layers in a layered mode, at least three similar material strain detection blocks which are circumferentially and uniformly distributed around the axis of the iron drum are arranged on each layer, three strain gauges of each similar material strain detection block are uniformly arranged on corners far away from the axis of the iron drum, rock stratum similar materials are filled between the similar material strain detection blocks on the same layer and between the similar material strain detection blocks on the upper layer and the lower layer, and a shot hole for supplying liquid CO is reserved in the concrete pouring layer at the top and in the middle position of the rock stratum similar materials2The phase change cracking blasting cartridge is inserted from top to bottom, and the liquid CO is2The phase change fracturing blasting cartridge is connected with a fracturing device outside the similar model die, a flat cable of the strain gauge passes through a strain gauge flat cable hole to be connected with the strain gauge, the drilling peeping instrument can pass through an observation hole to observe the fracture development condition, and each layer of similar material strain detection block is correspondingly provided with the strain gauge flat cable hole and the observation hole.
2. According toLiquid CO according to claim 12Phase transition fracturing effect simulation experiment device which characterized in that: the side length of the similar material strain detection block is 5cm, the diameters of the observation hole and the strain gauge arranging hole are 5cm, the diameter of the preformed hole of the blasting cartridge is 11cm, and the depth of the preformed hole is 0.5 m.
3. Liquid CO according to claim 12Phase transition fracturing effect simulation experiment device which characterized in that: the caster wheels are four in number and are distributed on the bottom of the base in a rectangular shape.
4. Liquid CO2Simulation experiment method for phase change cracking effect similarity, characterized in that the liquid CO of any one of claims 1-3 is used2Phase transition fracturing effect simulation experiment device includes the following steps:
step one, preparing a rock stratum similar material;
calculating the required quality of the rock stratum similar materials according to the geometric similarity ratio, the stress similarity ratio and the quality similarity ratio; mixing river sand, cement and gypsum uniformly according to a certain proportion, adding a proper amount of water, and further uniformly stirring to prepare various rock stratum similar materials;
step two, preparing a similar material strain detection block;
respectively pouring similar materials of each rock stratum into a similar model die to prepare a plurality of cubic blocks with the same size and specification but different rock stratums, obtaining a similar material strain detection block after the similar materials of the rock stratums are air-dried and hardened, sticking a three-direction 45-degree strain gauge on the surface of the similar material strain detection block to measure the strain of the similar material strain detection block in three directions, and welding the lead of the strain gauge and a flat cable on a wiring terminal by using an electric soldering iron; detecting welding path resistances by using a universal meter, wherein all the path resistances are in a reasonable range, and the similar material strain detection block is successfully manufactured;
step three, preparing concrete;
step four, material boxing and instrument installation and connection;
firstly, pouring concrete on the similar concreteSimilar material strain detection blocks are paved at the bottom of the model mould in a layered manner, at least three similar material strain detection blocks which are uniformly distributed around the axis of the iron drum in a circumferential manner are paved at each layer, three strain gages of each similar material strain detection block are uniformly distributed on a corner far away from the axis of the iron drum, rock stratum similar materials are filled between the similar material strain detection blocks on the same layer and between the similar material strain detection blocks on the upper layer and the lower layer, and a flat cable of the strain gage on the layer is led out through a corresponding strain gage flat cable hole of the layer and is connected with a strain gage when each layer of similar material strain detection block is paved; pouring concrete on the top layer, and reserving a reserved hole of the blasting cartridge at the middle position of the concrete pouring layer on the top and rock stratum similar materials; finally, the liquid CO is mixed2Inserting the phase change cracking blasting cartridge into the reserved hole of the blasting cartridge from top to bottom, and introducing liquid CO2The phase change fracturing blasting cartridge is connected with a fracturing device outside the similar model die;
step five, simulating an experiment of the phase change cracking effect;
starting the strain gauge and the cracking device by liquid CO2Performing fracturing permeability increase on the similar model die by the phase change fracturing blasting cartridge, and simultaneously detecting strain gauge data of the similar material strain detection block; and after fracturing is finished, closing the strain gauge and the fracturing gauge, and inserting the drilling peeping instrument into the observation hole to observe the similar model fracture development condition after fracturing.
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| CN112549303A (en) * | 2020-12-06 | 2021-03-26 | 三亚华盛新混凝土有限公司 | Processing equipment of C15 recycled concrete |
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