CN111537257B - Method for online detection of abnormality of air cooler of hydraulic generator - Google Patents

Method for online detection of abnormality of air cooler of hydraulic generator Download PDF

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CN111537257B
CN111537257B CN202010480816.4A CN202010480816A CN111537257B CN 111537257 B CN111537257 B CN 111537257B CN 202010480816 A CN202010480816 A CN 202010480816A CN 111537257 B CN111537257 B CN 111537257B
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air cooler
temperature
value
generator
stator core
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CN111537257A (en
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邢志江
吴涛
吴明波
鲁俊兵
张宏
王江
张兴明
郗发刚
杨昶宇
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Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co Ltd
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Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/002—Thermal testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/02—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
    • G01K13/024—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow of moving gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
    • G01K13/026—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow of moving liquids
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for detecting abnormality of an air cooler of a hydraulic generator on line, which comprises the following steps: setting a normal temperature value, a highest temperature alarm value, a normal fluid temperature difference of an air cooler and an alarm value of a stator core of the generator; acquiring a temperature value of a stator core of a generator, the water inlet and outlet temperatures of an air cooler, the cold air and hot air temperatures, active power, exciting current, the opening degree of a guide vane of a water turbine and a working water head of a generator set; calculating the average value and the temperature difference value of each parameter; establishing a mathematical model to obtain the current highest temperature value of the stator core and the current fluid temperature difference of the cooler; calculating the maximum temperature of the stator core and the temperature difference slow variable of the cooler fluid; and calculating the highest temperature of the stator core and the first-stage and second-stage alarm predicted values of the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler, detecting that the air cooler of the hydraulic generator is abnormal, making a maintenance and treatment plan and measures, and treating the air cooler.

Description

Method for online detection of abnormality of air cooler of hydraulic generator
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting abnormality of an air cooler of a hydraulic generator on line, and belongs to the technical field of fault detection of auxiliary equipment of generators.
Background
The abnormality of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator is a common equipment fault in a hydropower station, and the main reasons for causing the abnormality of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator are as follows: 1) the air cooler is unreasonable in design, and the cooling power does not meet the requirement; 2) water leakage or reduced cooling water pressure in the air cooler; 3) the water supply and drainage pipe of the air cooler is blocked, and the flow of cooling water is reduced; 4) the air cooler water pipe produces dirt, and the heat exchange efficiency is reduced; 5) the temperature of the cooling water supply of the air cooler is increased; 6) the sealing performance of the generator is reduced, and air leakage occurs. When the air cooler of the generator is abnormal, heat generated in the operation of the stator and the rotor of the generator cannot be timely and effectively evacuated, so that the generator operates in a high-temperature environment for a long time, the insulation of the stator and the rotor is damaged, the power generation efficiency is reduced, and the service life of the generator is prolonged. Therefore, the online real-time detection of the abnormal condition of the generator air cooler is carried out, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the generator and prolong the service life of the generator.
The current unusual detection technology to hydraulic generator air cooler generally has: 1) intermittently detecting and analyzing the temperature change conditions of inlet water and outlet water of the water wheel generator air cooler; 2) intermittently detecting and analyzing the temperature change conditions of cold air and hot air of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator; 3) and (4) intermittently detecting and analyzing the change condition of the temperature of the stator core of the hydraulic generator. The conventional detection and analysis method needs to perform intermittent statistics and analysis on relevant data such as generator active power, stator current, stator core temperature, cooling water inlet and outlet water temperature, cooling water flow, cooling water pressure and the like in a computer monitoring system manually, is easily influenced by factors such as generator operation conditions and technical experience of statistical analysis personnel, has the problems of low analysis efficiency, poor real-time performance and the like, and is specifically represented as follows: 1) continuity is not provided, and instantaneity is not strong; 2) the conditions of iron core temperature rise, water inlet and outlet temperature, cold and hot air temperature change and the like caused by abnormality of the non-air cooler need to be manually analyzed and eliminated, so that the efficiency is low; 3) is easily influenced by the technical experience of statistical analysts and the like; 4) the cold and hot air of the air cooler and the temperature change condition of the stator core are greatly influenced by the working condition of the generator, and the accuracy is low. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the reason causing the abnormality of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator, aiming at the defects or shortcomings existing in the conventional method for detecting and analyzing the abnormal condition of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator, the invention provides a method for detecting the abnormality of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator on line based on the maximum temperature of a stator core, the temperature of inlet and outlet water of the air cooler and the temperature change mechanism of cold and hot air of the air cooler, in combination with mallat wavelet algorithm and PCA data principal component analysis, in order to avoid the insulation damage of a stator and a rotor of the generator caused by the fact that the abnormality of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator cannot be found in time and reduce the service life and the generating efficiency of the generator.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for detecting abnormality of an air cooler of a hydraulic generator on line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) setting normal temperature value T of stator core of hydraulic generatorzSetting alarm value T of maximum temperature for stator coreaTemperature difference t of normal fluid of air coolerpzAir cooler fluid temperature difference alarm value Tpa；
(2) The temperature value T of each part of the stator core of the hydraulic generator is obtained through the existing temperature sensor, the active power transmitter, the current transmitter, the guide vane opening displacement sensor, the water level sensor of the hydraulic generator set and the connected computer of the sensorsiThe temperature of inlet water and outlet water of an air cooler, the temperature of cold air and hot air of the air cooler, the active power of a generator, the exciting current of the generator, the opening degree of a guide vane of a water turbine and the working water head of a water turbine generator set;
(3) according to the temperature value T of each part of the stator core obtained in the step (2)iFinding out the maximum temperature T of the stator coremax；
(4) According to the hot air temperature T of each air cooler obtained in the step (2)riAnd the temperature T of cold airliCalculating the average value of the hot air temperature of the air cooler according to the following formula
Figure GDA0003481367870000031
Average temperature of cold wind
Figure GDA0003481367870000032
Figure GDA0003481367870000033
In the formula:
Figure GDA0003481367870000034
is the average value of the hot air temperature of the air cooler, TriThe hot air temperature of each air cooler, and n is the number of the air coolers;
Figure GDA0003481367870000035
in the formula:
Figure GDA0003481367870000036
is the average temperature of cold air, T, of the air coolerliThe cold air temperature of each air cooler, and n is the number of the air coolers;
(5) according to the inlet and outlet water temperatures of the air cooler obtained in the step (2) and the average values of the hot air temperature and the cold air temperature of the air cooler obtained in the step (4), calculating the temperature difference delta t between the hot air temperature and the outlet water temperature of the air cooler according to the following formularAnd the temperature difference delta t between cold air and inlet waterl：
Figure GDA0003481367870000037
In the formula: Δ trIs the temperature difference between the hot air of the air cooler and the outlet water,
Figure GDA0003481367870000038
is the average temperature of hot air, T, of the air coolercThe outlet water temperature of the air cooler;
Figure GDA0003481367870000041
in the formula: Δ tlIs the temperature difference between the cold air and the inlet water,
Figure GDA0003481367870000042
is the average temperature of cold air, T, of the air coolerjThe temperature of inlet water of the air cooler is set;
(6) according to the temperature difference delta t between the hot air and the outlet water of the air cooler in the step (5)rTemperature difference delta t between cold air and inlet waterlCalculating the space of the hydraulic generator according to the following formulaGas cooler fluid temperature difference tp：
Figure GDA0003481367870000043
In the formula: t is tpFor air cooler fluid temperature difference, Δ trIs the temperature difference between hot air and outlet water of the air cooler, delta tlIs the temperature difference delta t between cold air and inlet water of the air coolerl；
(7) Finding out the maximum value T of the temperature of the stator core in the step (3)maxEstablishing a mathematical model by the generator active power and the generator exciting current obtained in the step (2), and obtaining the current highest temperature value T of the stator core by using a computer, the existing mallat wavelet algorithm and a PCA data principal component analysis methodg；
(8) With the air cooler fluid temperature difference t of step (6)pEstablishing a mathematical model by the water turbine guide vane opening and the water turbine generator set working head obtained in the step (2), and obtaining the current fluid temperature difference T of the air cooler by using a computer, the existing mallat wavelet algorithm and a PCA data principal component analysis methodp；
(9) According to the current maximum temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gCalculating the average value of the maximum temperature of the stator core in the past 180 days
Figure GDA0003481367870000044
Figure GDA0003481367870000045
In the formula, TgnThe maximum temperature value of the stator core is the daily average of the last 180 days;
(10) air cooler fluid temperature differential T according to step (8)pCalculating the average value of past 180 sky gas cooler fluid temperature difference
Figure GDA0003481367870000051
Figure GDA0003481367870000052
In the formula, TpnThe average fluid temperature difference over the past 180 days;
(11) according to the current maximum temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gAverage value of maximum temperature of stator core in past 180 days of step (9)
Figure GDA0003481367870000053
Calculating the maximum temperature slow variable quantity delta T of the stator core according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0003481367870000054
(12) the current fluid temperature difference T of the air cooler according to the step (8)pAverage value of temperature difference of air cooler fluid in past 180 days of step (10)
Figure GDA0003481367870000055
Calculating the temperature difference slow variable quantity delta T of the air cooler fluid according to the following formulap：
Figure GDA0003481367870000056
(13) According to the current highest temperature T of the stator core in the step (7)gAnd (5) calculating a primary alarm predicted value T of the maximum temperature of the stator core according to the following formula, wherein the maximum temperature slow variable delta T of the stator core in the step (11)p1Second-level alarm predicted value Tp2：
Tp1＝Tg+ΔT·D1；
Tp2＝Tg+ΔT·D2；
Wherein D1、D2For a set number of days of early warning, D2＜D1；
(14) Air cooler fluid temperature difference T according to step (8)pThe fluid temperature difference of the step (12) is slowly changedQuantity Δ TpCalculating the first-level alarm prediction value T of the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler according to the following formulapa1Second-level alarm predicted value Tpa2：
Tpa1＝Tp+ΔTp·D1；
Tpa2＝Tp+ΔTp·D2；
Wherein D1、D2For a set number of days of early warning, D2＜D1；
(15) Comparing the data from steps (2) - (14) with the set data from step (1) as follows:
the current highest temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gStator core normal temperature value T > setz；
The temperature difference T of the fluid of the generator air cooler in the step (8)pNormal fluid temperature difference t of generator air cooler > setpz；
Drawing a curve by taking the maximum temperature value of the stator core, the temperature difference data of the fluid of the air cooler as a vertical coordinate and the time as a horizontal coordinate, and observing the rising and changing trend of the data;
the primary alarm prediction value T of the highest temperature of the stator core, obtained in the step (13)p1Set maximum temperature alarm value T of stator core greater than seta；
The first-level alarm prediction value T of the fluid temperature difference of the generator air cooler in the step (14)pa1Greater than set air cooler fluid temperature difference alarm value Tpa；
Detecting slight abnormality of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator, carrying out reverse flushing on a water supply and drainage pipeline of the air cooler by a maintainer by selecting a machine, and checking the air tightness of the generator;
the secondary alarm prediction value T of the maximum temperature of the stator core in the step (13)p2Set maximum temperature alarm value T of stator corea；
The predicted value T of the secondary alarm of the fluid temperature difference of the generator air cooler in the step (14)pa2Set generator air cooler fluid temperature difference alarm value Tpa；
And detecting that the air cooler of the hydraulic generator is seriously abnormal, and making a maintenance plan and measures by maintenance personnel to process the air cooler.
The mathematical model of the step (7) is established by the following steps:
71) the maximum temperature value T of the stator core of the generator set found in the step (3)maxThe active power P 'of the generator obtained in the step (2) is effective value within the range of 90-250MW, and the excitation current I' of the generator is effective value within the range of 1000-3600A;
72) the active power P of the generator is taken as an X coordinate, the exciting current I of the generator is taken as a Y coordinate, and the maximum temperature value T of the stator coremax' is Z coordinate, and establishes three-dimensional graph; obtaining a cross point A of a generator exciting current I 'and a generator active power P' at the same moment on an X, Y plane of a three-dimensional graph; from the intersection point A, a straight line parallel to the Z axis is made until the maximum temperature value T of the stator core of the Z axismaxThe horizontal planes intersect to form a point B, and the maximum temperature value T of the stator core corresponding to the point BmaxThat is, the maximum temperature value T of the stator core at the same timemaxDetermining the highest temperature value of the stator core through a three-dimensional relation model according to the active power P 'of the generator and the exciting current I' of the generator;
73) using the three-dimensional relation model of the step 72) and the maximum temperature value T of the stator coremaxThe current maximum temperature value T of the stator core is obtained by the existing mallat wavelet algorithm and PCA data principal component analysis method as the source data of the mallat wavelet algorithm and the PCA data principal component analysis methodg。
The mathematical model of the step (8) is established by the following steps:
81) step (6) of the temperature difference t of the fluid of the generator air coolerpThe effective value is within the range of 0-50 ℃, the opening N of the guide vane of the water turbine obtained in the step (2) is within the range of 40-100% and the working head H of the water turbine generator set is within the range of 50-75 m;
82) hydraulic turbine generator with opening degree N of guide vane of hydraulic turbine as X coordinateThe working water head H of the group is Y coordinate, and the fluid temperature difference t of the air coolerpEstablishing a three-dimensional graph for the Z coordinate; acquiring a cross point A of the opening N 'of the guide vane of the water turbine and the working head H' of the water turbine generator set at the same moment on an X, Y plane of the three-dimensional graph; from the point of intersection A, a line is drawn parallel to the Z axis to the temperature t of the air cooler fluid relative to the Z axispThe horizontal planes intersect to form a point B, the air cooler fluid temperature difference t corresponding to the point BpI.e. the temperature difference t of the fluid from the air cooler at the same timepThe opening N 'of the guide vane of the water turbine and the working head H' of the water turbine generator set are determined by a three-dimensional relation model according to the temperature difference value of the flow of the air cooler;
83) with the three-dimensional relationship model of step 82) and the air cooler fluid temperature difference tpAs source data of the mallat wavelet algorithm and the PCA data principal component analysis method, the current air cooler fluid temperature difference t is obtained by using the mallat wavelet algorithm and the PCA data principal component analysis methodp。
The basic principle of the invention is that the judgment of the abnormal condition of the generator air cooler is realized by the maximum temperature value of the stator core and the variation trend of the fluid temperature difference of the generator air cooler and by using the mallat wavelet algorithm and the PCA data principal component analysis method, and the specific method comprises the following steps: taking the maximum temperature of the stator core and the fluid temperature difference of the generator air cooler as main observed quantities, if the two quantity values have the trend of increasing, and taking the current numerical value and the slow variable as the calculation basis, if the two quantity values exceed the alarm value within 30 days, reporting a first-level alarm, and if the two quantity values exceed the alarm value within 10 days, reporting a second-level alarm; and after receiving the alarm information, the operation and maintenance personnel check and process the air cooler.
The invention has the following advantages and effects: adopt above-mentioned scheme, can be in real time, on-line measuring generator air cooler abnormal fault, solve that prior art inspection and data analysis exist: the system has the advantages that the system is not enough in real-time performance, is easily influenced by the operating condition of the generator and the technical level of detection personnel, has more interference factors, is relatively complex to eliminate and the like, provides reliable technical support for operation and maintenance personnel to take timely and effective measures, prevents the accident from being enlarged, reduces the economic loss and prolongs the operating life of the generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional relationship model diagram of the maximum temperature of a stator core;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional model diagram of the relationship between the fluid temperature difference of the generator air cooler;
FIG. 3 is a graph of stator core maximum temperature, air cooler fluid temperature difference versus time.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples;
example 1
In the embodiment 1, the actual detection is performed by taking the operation condition of a number 1 hydraulic generator set of a certain power plant as an example, the temperature of a stator core of the hydraulic generator is 34 temperature measurement detection points in total, and the temperature measurement detection points are uniformly distributed and installed on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the circumference of the generator; the generator air coolers are uniformly distributed around the generator, and each air cooler is provided with a hot air temperature sensor and a cold air temperature sensor; a cooling water supply and drainage main pipe of the generator air cooler is provided with an inlet water temperature sensor and an outlet water temperature sensor;
the method for detecting the abnormality of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator comprises the following steps:
(1) setting normal temperature value T of stator core of hydraulic generatorzSetting a maximum temperature alarm value T for the stator core at 46 DEG CaNormal fluid temperature difference T of 50 deg.C for air coolerpzNormal fluid temperature difference alarm value T of generator air cooler at 12.2 DEG Cpa＝25℃；
(2) The method comprises the following steps that 34 stator core temperature data, air cooler inlet water and outlet water temperature data, air cooler cold air and hot air temperature data, generator active power data, generator exciting current data, water turbine guide vane opening degree data and water turbine generator set working head data are obtained through a No. 1 water turbine generator set existing temperature sensor, an active power transmitter, a current transmitter, a guide vane opening degree displacement sensor, a water turbine generator set water level sensor and a computer connected with the water turbine generator set water level sensor, and are shown in a table 1;
TABLE 1
Figure GDA0003481367870000101
(3) Finding out the current highest temperature value of the stator core from the 34 stator core temperature data obtained in the step (2):
Tmax＝T21＝46.1℃
(4) calculating the average value of the hot air temperature and the average value of the cold air temperature of the twelve air coolers according to the formula from the cold air temperature and the hot air temperature of the twelve air coolers obtained in the step (2): average temperature of hot air of air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000111
average temperature of cold air in air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000112
(5) obtaining the water inlet temperature T of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator from the step (2)j11.9 ℃ and the water outlet temperature Tc14.3 ℃, average temperature of hot air of air cooler in step (4)
Figure GDA0003481367870000113
Average cold air temperature of air cooler
Figure GDA0003481367870000114
Calculating the temperature difference between hot air and outlet water of the air cooler and the temperature difference between cold air and inlet water of the air cooler according to the following formula:
temperature difference between hot air and outlet water of the air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000115
temperature difference between cold air and inlet water of the air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000116
(6) according to the temperature difference between hot air and outlet water and the temperature difference between cold air and inlet water of the air cooler in the step (5), the temperature difference t of the fluid of the air cooler of the generator is calculated according to the following formulap：
Figure GDA0003481367870000117
(7) The highest temperature value T of the stator core found in the step (3)maxAnd (3) establishing a mathematical model according to the generator active power and the generator exciting current obtained in the step (2) by the following steps:
71) the maximum temperature value of the stator core of the generator set found in the step (3) is 46.1 ℃, and is an effective value within the range of 5-125 ℃, the active power of the generator obtained in the step (2) is 150MW, is an effective value within the range of 90-250MW, the excitation current of the generator is 1700A, and is an effective value within the range of 1000-3600A, see table 2;
TABLE 2
Maximum temperature value T of stator coremax’(℃) 46.1
Generator active power P' (MW) 150
Generator exciting current I' (A) 1700
72) Establishing a three-dimensional graph by taking the active power of a generator as an X coordinate, the exciting current of the generator as a Y coordinate and the highest temperature value of a stator core as a Z coordinate, and obtaining a cross point A of the exciting current of the generator and the active power of the generator at the same moment on an X, Y plane of the three-dimensional graph; starting from the intersection point A, making a straight line parallel to the Z axis until the straight line intersects with the horizontal plane of the maximum temperature value of the stator core of the Z axis to form a point B, wherein the maximum temperature value of the stator core corresponding to the point B is 46.1 ℃ which is the maximum temperature value of the stator core determined by the maximum temperature value of the core, the active power of the generator and the excitation current of the generator through a three-dimensional relation model at the same time, and is shown in figure 1;
73) taking the three-dimensional relation model of the step 72) and the maximum temperature value of the stator core as source data for the principal component analysis of mallat wavelet algorithm and PCA data, and obtaining the maximum temperature value T of the current stator core by the existing mallat wavelet algorithm and PCA data principal component analysis methodgSee table 3, fig. 1;
TABLE 3
Figure GDA0003481367870000121
(8) With the generator air cooler fluid temperature difference t of step (6)pAnd (3) establishing a mathematical model according to the opening degree of the guide vane of the water turbine and the working water head of the water turbine set obtained in the step (2) by the following steps:
81) the temperature difference of the fluid of the generator air cooler in the step (6) is 12.3 ℃, the effective value is within the range of 0-50 ℃, the opening of the guide vane of the water turbine obtained in the step (2) is 50%, the effective value is within the range of 40-100%, the working water head of the water turbine set is 66m, and the effective value is within the range of 50-75m, which is shown in table 4;
TABLE 4
Air cooler fluid temperature difference tp(℃) 46.1
Opening degree of guide vane of water turbine N' (%) 50
Water turbine set working head H' (m) 66
82) Establishing a three-dimensional graph by taking the opening N of a guide vane of the water-turbine generator set as an X coordinate, the working head H of the water-turbine generator set as a Y coordinate and the fluid temperature difference of an air cooler of the generator as a Z coordinate; acquiring a cross point A of the guide vane opening of the water-turbine generator set and the working water head of the water-turbine generator set at the same moment on an X, Y plane of the three-dimensional graph; starting from the intersection point A, making a straight line parallel to the Z axis until the straight line intersects with the horizontal plane of the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler of the Z axis to form a point B, wherein the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler corresponding to the point B is 12.3 ℃ of the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler determined by the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler, the opening degree of a guide vane of the water-turbine generator set and the working water head of the water-turbine generator set at the same time through a three-dimensional relation model, and the point B is shown in the attached figure 2;
83) with the three-dimensional relationship model of step 82) and the air cooler fluid temperature difference tpAs source data of mallat wavelet algorithm and PCA data principal component analysis, the current air cooler fluid temperature difference t is obtained through the existing mallat wavelet algorithm and PCA data principal component analysis methodpSee table 5, fig. 2;
TABLE 5
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Air cooler fluid temperature tp 12.3 13.0 13.4 13.6 13.3 14.0 14.2 14.9 15.1 15.8 15.7
(9) According to the maximum temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gThe average value of the maximum temperature of the stator core in the past 180 days is calculated according to the following formula
Figure GDA0003481367870000131
Figure GDA0003481367870000141
In the formula, TgnThe maximum temperature value of the stator core is the daily average of the last 180 days;
(10) the temperature difference T of the generator air cooler fluid according to the step (8)pCalculating the average value of the temperature difference of the past 180 days
Figure GDA0003481367870000142
Figure GDA0003481367870000143
In the formula, TpnThe average fluid temperature difference over the past 180 days;
(11) according to the current maximum temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gAverage value of maximum temperature of stator core in past 180 days of step (9)
Figure GDA0003481367870000144
Calculating the maximum temperature slow variable quantity delta T of the stator core according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0003481367870000145
formula for calculation
Figure GDA0003481367870000146
Figure GDA0003481367870000147
Figure GDA0003481367870000148
Analogizing in turn, calculating the delta T4···············ΔT12See table 6;
TABLE 6
Figure GDA0003481367870000149
(12) The current fluid temperature difference T of the generator air cooler according to the step (8)pAverage value of temperature difference of generator air cooler fluid in last 180 days in step (10)
Figure GDA0003481367870000151
Calculating the gradual change quantity delta T of the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler of the generator according to the following formulap：
Figure GDA0003481367870000152
Formula for calculation
Figure GDA0003481367870000153
Figure GDA0003481367870000154
Figure GDA0003481367870000155
Analogizing in turn, calculating the delta Tp4···············ΔTp12See table 7 for values of (d);
TABLE 7
Figure GDA0003481367870000156
(13) According to the current highest temperature T of the stator core in the step (7)gAnd (11) the stator coreCalculating the primary alarm predicted value T of the maximum temperature of the stator core according to the following formulap1Second-level alarm predicted value Tp2：
Tp1＝Tg+ΔT·D1；
Tp2＝Tg+ΔT·D2；
Wherein D 130 days, D2Day 10, see table 8;
TABLE 8
Figure GDA0003481367870000157
Figure GDA0003481367870000161
First-level alarm (take column 2 data as an example):
Tp1＝Tg+ΔT·D146.9+0.9 × 30 ═ 73.9 ℃ > 50 ℃, and T is within 30 days according to the current temperature value and the variationp1Will exceed the alarm value of 50 deg.c;
secondary alarm (take column 3 data as an example):
Tp2＝Tg+ΔT·D247.3+1.29 × 10 ℃ > 50 ℃, T within 10 days according to the current eigenvalues and variancep2Will exceed the alarm value by 50 deg.c;
(14) air cooler fluid temperature differential T according to step (8)pStep (12) fluid temperature difference slow variable quantity delta TpCalculating the first-level alarm prediction value T of the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler according to the following formulapa1Second-level alarm predicted value Tpa2：
Tpa1＝Tp+ΔTp·D1；
Tpa2＝Tp+ΔTp·D2；
Wherein D 130 days, D2Day 10, see table 9;
TABLE 9
Figure GDA0003481367870000162
First-level alarm (take column 2 data as an example):
Tpa1＝Tp+ΔTp·D113+0.8 × 30 ℃ > 25 ℃, the temperature difference of the current generator air cooler fluid is gentle and variable, and T is within 30 dayspa1Will exceed the alarm value by 25 deg.c;
secondary alarm (take column 3 data as an example):
Tpa2＝Tp+ΔTp·D213.4+1.2 × 10 ═ 25.4 ℃ > 25 ℃, the temperature difference of the air cooler fluid of the current generator is gentle and variable, and T is within 10 dayspa2Will exceed the alarm value by 30 deg.c;
(15) comparing the data from steps (2) - (14) with the set data from step (1) as follows:
the current highest temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gSetting the normal temperature T of stator core at 46.1 ℃ ≥z＝46℃；
The temperature difference T of the fluid of the generator air cooler in the step (8)pSetting the fluid temperature difference t of generator air cooler at 12.3 ℃ ≧pz＝12.2℃；
Drawing a curve by taking the maximum temperature value of the stator core, the temperature difference data of the fluid of the air cooler as a vertical coordinate and the time as a horizontal coordinate, and observing the rising and changing trend of the data as shown in figure 3;
the primary alarm prediction value T of the highest temperature of the stator core in the step (13)p1Setting a maximum temperature alarm predicted value T for the stator core with the temperature of 73.9 ℃ higher than the set temperaturea＝50℃；
The first-level alarm prediction value T of the fluid temperature difference of the generator air cooler in the step (14)pa1Fluid temperature difference alarm value T of generator air cooler with temperature higher than 37 ℃ -pa＝25℃；
When the highest temperature of the stator core is detected to be 46.9 ℃, and the gradual change amount is detected to be 0.9,maximum temperature T of stator corep173.9 ℃ and more than 50 ℃; generator cooler fluid temperature difference Tpa1When the temperature is higher than 37 ℃ and the slow variation is 0.8, starting a first-level alarm, carrying out reverse flushing on a water supply and drainage pipeline of the air cooler by a maintainer by selecting a machine, and checking the air tightness of the generator;
the secondary alarm prediction value T of the maximum temperature of the stator core in the step (13)p260.2 ℃ higher than set maximum temperature alarm value T of stator corea＝50℃；
The predicted value T of the secondary alarm of the fluid temperature difference of the generator air cooler in the step (14)pa225.4 ℃ higher than set fluid temperature difference alarm value T of generator air coolerpa＝25℃；
When the highest temperature of the stator core is detected to be 47.3 ℃, and the gradual change amount is detected to be 1.29, the highest temperature T of the stator core is detectedp260.2 ℃ is higher than 50 ℃; when the temperature difference of the fluid of the generator cooler is 13.4 ℃, the slow variation is 1.2, and Tpa2When the temperature is higher than 25.4 ℃, starting a secondary alarm, making a maintenance plan and measures by maintenance personnel, and processing the air cooler;
(16) the treatment effect is as follows:
1) after the motor air cooler is processed, 34 stator core temperature values after overhaul are obtained again from the computer monitoring system and are shown in a table 10;
watch 10
Figure GDA0003481367870000181
Obtaining the maximum value of the temperature of the stator core after the lamination processing of the 34 stator cores:
Tmax＝T21＝45.9℃
the current maximum temperature value T of the stator core at the moment is calculated by a three-dimensional relation modelg＝45.8℃；
2) After the motor air cooler process, the hot and cold air temperatures of 12 air coolers are obtained again from the monitoring system, as shown in table 11:
TABLE 11
Figure GDA0003481367870000182
Figure GDA0003481367870000191
Calculating the average temperature of hot air of an air cooler and the average temperature of cold air of the air cooler according to the following formula:
average temperature of hot air of air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000192
average cold air temperature of air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000193
secondly, after the generator air coolers are processed, the temperature of the water inlet main pipe and the water outlet main pipe of 12 air coolers is obtained from the monitoring system again, and is shown in a table 12;
TABLE 12
Temperature T of outlet waterc(Total pipe) (. degree.C.) 14.8
Temperature T of inlet waterj(Total pipe) (. degree.C.) 12.1
The temperature of cold air and hot air, the temperature of inlet and outlet water after being processed by the generator air cooler are utilized, and the temperature difference between the hot air and hot water of the air cooler, and the temperature difference between cold air and cold water of the air cooler are calculated according to the following formula:
temperature difference between hot air and hot water of the air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000194
temperature difference between cold air and cold water of the air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000195
and fourthly, calculating the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler according to the following formula by utilizing the temperature difference of hot air and hot water of the air cooler of the generator air cooler and the temperature difference of cold air and cold water of the air cooler:
Figure GDA0003481367870000196
calculated by a three-dimensional relation model, the temperature difference T of the fluid of the air cooler is calculatedp＝11.7℃；
3) After the treatment of the mechanical air cooler, the maximum temperature of the stator core is 45.8 ℃, which is close to the normal operation value of 46 ℃, and is less than the maximum temperature of the stator core before the treatment of 48.7 ℃; the temperature difference of the generator air cooler fluid is 11.7 ℃, which is close to the normal operation value of 12.2 ℃, and is less than the temperature difference of the generator air cooler fluid before treatment of 15.7 ℃, thus proving that the detection of the invention is effective, accurate and reliable.

Claims (3)

1. A method for detecting abnormality of an air cooler of a hydraulic generator on line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) setting normal temperature value T of stator core of hydraulic generatorzSetting alarm value T of maximum temperature for stator coreaTemperature difference t of normal fluid of air coolerpzAir cooler fluid temperature difference alarm value Tpa；
(2) The temperature value T of each part of the stator core of the hydraulic generator is obtained through the existing temperature sensor, the active power transmitter, the current transmitter, the guide vane opening displacement sensor, the water level sensor of the hydraulic generator set and the connected computer of the sensorsiWater inlet of air coolerThe water outlet temperature, the cold air and hot air temperature of the air cooler, the active power of the generator, the excitation current of the generator, the opening degree of a guide vane of the water turbine and the working water head of the water turbine generator set are measured;
(3) according to the temperature value T of each part of the stator core obtained in the step (2)iFinding out the maximum temperature T of the stator coremax；
(4) According to the hot air temperature T of each air cooler obtained in the step (2)riAnd the temperature T of cold airliCalculating the average value of the hot air temperature of the air cooler according to the following formula
Figure FDA0003481367860000011
Average temperature of cold wind
Figure FDA0003481367860000012
Figure FDA0003481367860000013
In the formula:
Figure FDA0003481367860000014
is the average value of the hot air temperature of the air cooler, TriThe hot air temperature of each air cooler, and n is the number of the air coolers;
Figure FDA0003481367860000015
in the formula:
Figure FDA0003481367860000016
is the average temperature of cold air, T, of the air coolerliThe cold air temperature of each air cooler, and n is the number of the air coolers;
(5) calculating the air cooling temperature according to the water inlet and outlet temperatures of the air cooler obtained in the step (2) and the average value of the hot air temperature and the cold air temperature of the air cooler obtained in the step (4) and according to the following formulaTemperature difference delta t between hot air and outlet water of coolerrAnd the temperature difference delta t between cold air and inlet waterl：
Figure FDA0003481367860000021
In the formula: Δ trIs the temperature difference between the hot air of the air cooler and the outlet water,
Figure FDA0003481367860000022
is the average temperature of hot air, T, of the air coolercThe outlet water temperature of the air cooler;
Figure FDA0003481367860000023
in the formula: Δ tlIs the temperature difference between the cold air and the inlet water,
Figure FDA0003481367860000024
is the average temperature of cold air, T, of the air coolerjThe temperature of inlet water of the air cooler is set;
(6) according to the temperature difference delta t between the hot air and the outlet water of the air cooler in the step (5)rTemperature difference delta t between cold air and inlet waterlCalculating the fluid temperature difference t of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator according to the following formulap：
Figure FDA0003481367860000025
In the formula: t is tpFor air cooler fluid temperature difference, Δ trIs the temperature difference between hot air and outlet water of the air cooler, delta tlIs the temperature difference delta t between cold air and inlet water of the air coolerl；
(7) Finding out the maximum temperature value T of the stator core in the step (3)maxEstablishing a mathematical model by using the generator active power and the generator exciting current obtained in the step (2), and utilizing a computer and the existing mallat waveletObtaining the current highest temperature value T of the stator core by an algorithm and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) data principal component analysis methodg；
(8) With the air cooler fluid temperature difference t of step (6)pEstablishing a mathematical model by the water turbine guide vane opening and the water turbine generator set working head obtained in the step (2), and obtaining the current fluid temperature difference T of the air cooler by using a computer, the existing mallat wavelet algorithm and a PCA data principal component analysis methodp；
(9) According to the current maximum temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gCalculating the average value of the maximum temperature of the stator core in the past 180 days
Figure FDA0003481367860000031
Figure FDA0003481367860000032
In the formula, TgnThe average stator core maximum temperature value over the past 180 days;
(10) air cooler fluid temperature differential T according to step (8)pCalculating the average value of past 180 sky gas cooler fluid temperature difference
Figure FDA0003481367860000033
Figure FDA0003481367860000034
In the formula, TpnThe average fluid temperature difference over the past 180 days;
(11) according to the current maximum temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gAverage value of maximum temperature of stator core in past 180 days of step (9)
Figure FDA0003481367860000035
Calculating the maximum temperature slow variable quantity delta T of the stator core according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003481367860000036
(12) the current fluid temperature difference T of the air cooler according to the step (8)pAverage value of temperature difference of air cooler fluid in past 180 days of step (10)
Figure FDA0003481367860000037
Calculating the temperature difference slow variable quantity delta T of the air cooler fluid according to the following formulap：
Figure FDA0003481367860000038
(13) According to the current highest temperature T of the stator core in the step (7)gAnd (5) calculating a primary alarm predicted value T of the maximum temperature of the stator core according to the following formula, wherein the maximum temperature slow variable delta T of the stator core in the step (11)p1Secondary alarm predicted value T of maximum temperature of stator corep2：
Tp1＝Tg+ΔT·D1；
Tp2＝Tg+ΔT·D2；
Wherein D1、D2To set number of days of early warning, D2＜D1；
(14) Air cooler fluid temperature differential T according to step (8)pStep (12) fluid temperature difference slow variable quantity delta TpCalculating the first-level alarm prediction value T of the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler according to the following formulapa1Two-stage alarm prediction value T of fluid temperature difference of air coolerpa2：
Tpa1＝Tp+ΔTp·D1；
Tpa2＝Tp+ΔTp·D2；
Wherein D1、D2For a set number of days of early warning, D2＜D1；
(15) Comparing the data from steps (2) - (14) with the set data from step (1) as follows:
the current highest temperature value T of the stator core in the step (7)gStator core normal temperature value T > setz；
The temperature difference T of the fluid of the generator air cooler in the step (8)pNormal fluid temperature difference t of generator air cooler > setpz；
Drawing a curve by taking the maximum temperature value of the stator core, the temperature difference data of the fluid of the air cooler as a vertical coordinate and the time as a horizontal coordinate, and observing the rising and changing trend of the data;
the primary alarm prediction value T of the highest temperature of the stator core, obtained in the step (13)p1Set maximum temperature alarm value T of stator core greater than seta；
The first-level alarm prediction value T of the fluid temperature difference of the generator air cooler in the step (14)pa1Greater than set air cooler fluid temperature difference alarm value Tpa；
Detecting slight abnormality of the air cooler of the hydraulic generator, carrying out reverse flushing on a water supply and drainage pipeline of the air cooler by a maintainer by selecting a machine, and checking the air tightness of the generator;
the secondary alarm prediction value T of the maximum temperature of the stator core in the step (13)p2Set maximum temperature alarm value T of stator core greater than seta；
The predicted value T of the secondary alarm of the temperature difference of the generator air cooler fluid in the step (14)pa2Set generator air cooler fluid temperature difference alarm value Tpa；
And detecting that the air cooler of the hydraulic generator is seriously abnormal, and making a maintenance plan and measures by maintenance personnel to process the air cooler.
2. The method for on-line detecting abnormality of an air cooler of a hydraulic generator according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model of the step (7) is established by the steps of:
71) the highest temperature value of the stator core of the generator set found in the step (3) is an effective value within the range of 5-125 ℃, the active power of the generator obtained in the step (2) is an effective value within the range of 90-250MW, and the exciting current of the generator is an effective value within the range of 1000-3600A;
72) establishing a three-dimensional graph by taking the active power of a generator as an X coordinate, the exciting current of the generator as a Y coordinate and the highest temperature value of a stator core as a Z coordinate; obtaining a cross point A of the excitation current of the generator and the active power of the generator at the same moment on an X, Y plane of the three-dimensional graph; starting from the intersection point A, making a straight line parallel to the Z axis until the straight line intersects with the horizontal plane of the maximum temperature value of the stator core of the Z axis to form a point B, wherein the maximum temperature value of the stator core corresponding to the point B is the maximum temperature value of the stator core determined by the maximum temperature value of the stator core, the active power of the generator and the excitation current of the generator through a three-dimensional relation model at the same moment;
73) taking the three-dimensional relation model of the step 72) and the maximum temperature value of the stator core as source data of a mallat wavelet algorithm and a principal component analysis method of PCA data, and obtaining the maximum temperature value T of the current stator core by the existing mallat wavelet algorithm and the PCA data principal component analysis methodg。
3. The method for on-line detecting abnormality of an air cooler of a hydraulic generator according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model of the step (8) is established by the steps of:
81) the temperature difference of the fluid of the generator air cooler in the step (6) is an effective value within the range of 0-50 ℃, the opening degree of the guide vane of the water turbine obtained in the step (2) is an effective value within the range of 40-100%, and the working water head of the water turbine generator set is an effective value within the range of 50-75 m;
82) establishing a three-dimensional graph by taking the opening of a guide vane of a water turbine as an X coordinate, a working water head of a water turbine generator set as a Y coordinate and the fluid temperature difference of an air cooler as a Z coordinate; acquiring a cross point A of the opening degree of the guide vane of the water turbine and the working water head of the water turbine generator set at the same moment on an X, Y plane of the three-dimensional graph; starting from the intersection point A, making a straight line parallel to the Z axis until the straight line intersects with the horizontal plane of the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler of the Z axis to form a point B, wherein the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler corresponding to the point B is the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler determined by the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler, the opening degree of a guide vane of a water turbine and the working water head of a water turbine generator set at the same time through a three-dimensional relation model;
83) taking the three-dimensional relation model of the step 82) and the fluid temperature difference of the air cooler as source data of a mallat wavelet algorithm and a principal component analysis method of PCA data, and obtaining the current fluid temperature difference t of the air cooler by using the mallat wavelet algorithm and the principal component analysis method of the PCA datap。
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