CN111536887A - Engine blade tip clearance measurement system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference - Google Patents
Engine blade tip clearance measurement system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an engine blade tip clearance measuring system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference, and belongs to the field of engine detection. The invention comprises an optical frequency comb, a polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator, an optical fiber amplifier, a dispersion regulator, a polarization maintaining circulator, an optical fiber probe, an engine blade tip, a spectrometer and an upper computer. All the optical fiber devices are connected through polarization maintaining optical fibers, and the spectrometer is connected with the upper computer through a BNC wire. The invention adopts the optical frequency comb with high repetition frequency and high stability as a light source, combines the spectral interferometry technology, has high measurement rate and high precision, can realize the real-time measurement of the blade tip clearance of the high-speed rotating blade, and can complete the multi-point measurement of the blade tip of a single blade. The invention has the full polarization maintaining optical fiber measuring structure and has the characteristics of high signal-to-noise ratio, high speed, high precision and the like. The optical fiber probe is provided with the spectroscope, so that the initial position of the measuring system is consistent with the inner wall of the engine case, the data processing flow is simplified, and the usability of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of engine detection, and particularly relates to an engine blade tip clearance measurement system based on optical frequency comb spectrum interference.
Background
The engine blade tip clearance refers to the distance between the blade tips of all stages of rotor blades of the engine and the engine casing. The blade tip clearance is too large, so that the blade tip leakage is increased, the efficiency of the engine is reduced, and even the surge of the engine is caused; too small a blade tip clearance can cause blade tip and casing friction, affecting engine operation and even damage. Because the influence factors of the change of the engine blade tip clearance are more and complex, the blade tip clearance must be measured in a test to find out the optimal blade tip clearance, so that the engine is in the optimal running state, and meanwhile, the blade tip clearance of the engine is monitored in real time, and possible faults are diagnosed and alarmed in time.
At present, the mature tip clearance measuring technology mainly comprises a discharge probe measuring method, an eddy current measuring method, a microwave measuring method, an ultrasonic measuring method, a capacitance measuring method and an optical measuring method. The discharge probe method belongs to contact measurement, is only suitable for low-temperature conditions, and can only measure the minimum blade tip clearance. The eddy current method probe is too large in size, inconvenient to install and only suitable for low-temperature conditions. The microwave method has the advantages of high measurement accuracy easily affected by the spatial filtering effect, high circuit requirement and complex processing algorithm. The ultrasonic method has a complex structure and is expensive, so that the development of the technology is limited. The capacitance method is not resistant to electromagnetic interference, and the measurement accuracy is easily influenced by the dielectric constants of gas and fluid.
The optical method has high measurement accuracy, is not influenced by electromagnetic interference, and is a hotspot of research in recent years. The main research methods are laser triangulation and Doppler frequency shift. The laser triangulation method can realize measurement under high temperature conditions, but the measurement system has larger volume and is not suitable for field application. The doppler shift method has the advantage of real-time measurement, but has poor capability of resisting same-frequency crosstalk.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an engine blade tip clearance measuring system based on optical frequency comb spectrum interference, which has a full polarization maintaining optical fiber measuring structure, has the characteristics of high signal-to-noise ratio, high speed and high precision, and is convenient for engineering application.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an engine blade tip clearance measuring system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference, which comprises an optical frequency comb, a polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator, an optical fiber amplifier, a dispersion regulator, a polarization maintaining circulator, an optical fiber probe, an engine blade tip, a spectrometer and an upper computer.
The optical frequency comb, the polarization maintaining fiber device, the fiber amplifier, the dispersion regulator, the polarization maintaining circulator, the fiber probe and the spectrometer are connected through the polarization maintaining fiber. The spectrometer is connected with the upper computer through a cable.
By collecting the spectrum interference signal, the frequency of the interference fringe, namely the time difference between two interfered pulses, is accurately measured, so that the blade tip clearance distance is obtained.
The optical frequency comb emits polarized laser, the repetition frequency and the offset frequency of the polarized laser are referred to microwave atomic species through a phase-locked amplifier, and a high-stability high-repetition-frequency measurement light source is provided for a measurement system.
The optical fiber probe is provided with a collimating lens, and the tail end of the optical fiber probe is provided with a spectroscope. The collimating lens is used for collimating the laser output by the optical fiber. The spectroscope is used for reflecting a part of laser original path according to a design proportion, and the other part of laser is transmitted by the spectroscope.
The optical fiber probe is installed on the wall of the engine casing, the tail end of the optical fiber probe is consistent with the inner wall of the engine casing, and the zero position of the measuring system and the inner wall of the engine casing are located at the same starting point.
The spectrometer collects the spectrum interference signal, sends the collected spectrum interference signal to the upper computer, obtains the frequency of the spectrum interference signal through filtering and Fourier transform, and further obtains the flight time difference of the measuring light and the reference light, the period of the spectrum interference fringe and the time difference are in a linear relation, namely the density change of the interference fringe reflects the blade tip gap distance change, and therefore the blade tip gap distance is obtained.
Preferably, the spectrograph and the upper computer are connected through a BNC cable.
The invention discloses a working method of an engine blade tip clearance measuring system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference, which comprises the following steps: polarized pulse laser emitted by an optical frequency comb enters a polarization maintaining fiber isolator through a polarization maintaining fiber, light output by the polarization maintaining fiber isolator enters an optical fiber amplifier through the polarization maintaining fiber for energy amplification, the amplified light enters a dispersion regulator through the polarization maintaining fiber for regulating the dispersion of the light, then enters a first port of a polarization maintaining circulator through the polarization maintaining fiber, light output by a second port of the polarization maintaining fiber circulator enters an optical fiber probe through the polarization maintaining fiber, one part of the light returns to be used as reference light, the other part of the light enters the surface of a blade tip to be used as measuring light, the optical fiber probe recovers the measuring light reflected by the blade tip, the reference light and the measuring light return to the optical fiber circulator through the polarization maintaining fiber, the reference light and the measuring light are output from a third port of the optical fiber circulator to enter a spectrometer, the spectrometer collects spectral interference signals and sends the spectral interference signals to an upper computer through a BNC cable for processing the spectral interference signals, and sending the collected spectral interference signal to an upper computer, obtaining the frequency of the spectral interference signal through filtering and Fourier transform, further obtaining the flight time difference of the measuring light and the reference light, and measuring and calculating the blade tip gap distance.
Preferably, the blade tip clearance distance measuring method comprises the following steps:
reference light intensity Er(. nu.) and measured light intensity EtAnd (v) are respectively expressed as:
Er(v)＝αE(v)，Et(v)＝βE(v)exp(-i2πvΔt) (1)
wherein: e (upsilon) is the light intensity of the pulse laser before entering the fiber probe; alpha and beta are the light field signal intensity proportion of the reference light and the measuring light respectively; Δ t is the time-of-flight difference between the measurement light and the reference light, i.e. the time delay between the reference pulse and the measurement pulse.
The spectral interference signal i (v) collected by the spectrometer is represented as:
I(v)＝(Er(v)+Et(v))2(2)
substituting the formula (1) into the formula (2) to obtain:
I(v)＝E2(v)(α2+β2)+E2(v)·2αβcos(2πvΔt) (3)
as shown in formula (3), the spectral interference signal i (v) includes two parts: e2(υ)(α2+β2) The intensity change of the spectral interference signal I (v) is caused by the interference term 2 αβ cos (2 pi upsilont Δ t), and the frequency f of the interference fringes is the time delay Δ t between the reference pulse and the measurement pulse, so that the measured tip clearance distance L is expressed as:
where c is the speed of light and n is the refractive index. And finishing data processing at the upper computer, wherein the measured blade tip clearance distance L is the blade tip clearance of the engine.
Has the advantages that:
1. the engine blade tip clearance measuring system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference disclosed by the invention adopts the optical frequency comb with high repetition frequency and high stability as a light source, combines the spectral interference measuring technology, has the advantages of high measuring speed and high measuring precision, can realize real-time measurement of blade tip clearances of all high-speed rotating blades, and can complete multi-point measurement of the blade tip of a single blade.
2. The engine blade tip clearance measuring system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference disclosed by the invention is of a full polarization maintaining optical fiber structure, can ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio of a spectral interference signal, and is simple in system structure, high in stability and convenient for engineering application.
3. According to the engine blade tip clearance measuring system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference, the optical fiber probe is provided with the spectroscope, so that the initial position of the measuring system is consistent with the inner wall of the engine casing, the data processing flow is simplified, and the usability of the system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an engine tip clearance measurement system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference;
the system comprises an optical frequency comb 1, an optical fiber isolator 2, an optical fiber amplifier 3, a dispersion regulator 4, an optical fiber circulator 5, an optical fiber probe 6, a spectrometer 7, an upper computer 8 and an engine blade 9.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the structure and installation of the fiber probe.
Wherein: 10-optical fiber probe shell, 11-collimating lens, 12-spectroscope, 13-inner casing wall, 14-blade tip.
FIG. 3 shows a spectral interference tip clearance measurement signal diagram
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the engine blade tip clearance measurement system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference disclosed in this embodiment includes an optical frequency comb 1, a polarization maintaining fiber isolator 2, an optical fiber amplifier 3, a dispersion adjuster 4, a polarization maintaining circulator 5, an optical fiber probe 6, a spectrometer 7, an upper computer 8, and an engine blade tip 9.
The optical frequency comb 1, the polarization maintaining fiber isolator 2, the optical fiber amplifier 3, the dispersion regulator 4, the polarization maintaining circulator 5, the optical fiber probe 6 and the spectrometer 7 are connected through polarization maintaining optical fibers. The spectrometer 7 is connected with the upper computer 8 through a BNC line.
By collecting the spectrum interference signal, the frequency of the interference fringe, namely the time difference between two interfered pulses, is accurately measured, so that the blade tip clearance distance is obtained.
The optical frequency comb emits polarized laser, the repetition frequency and the offset frequency of the polarized laser are referred to microwave atomic species through a phase-locked amplifier, and a high-stability high-repetition-frequency measurement light source is provided for a measurement system.
Fig. 2 shows the structure and installation of the fiber probe 6. As shown in fig. 2, the fiber optic probe is provided with a collimating lens and a beam splitter at the end. The collimating lens is used for collimating the laser output by the optical fiber. The spectroscope is used for reflecting a part of laser original path according to a design proportion, and the other part of laser is transmitted by the spectroscope.
The optical fiber probe is installed on the wall of the engine casing, the tail end of the optical fiber probe is consistent with the inner wall of the engine casing, and the zero position of the measuring system and the inner wall of the engine casing are located at the same starting point.
The spectrometer collects the spectrum interference signal, sends the collected spectrum interference signal to the upper computer, obtains the frequency of the spectrum interference signal through filtering and Fourier transform, and further obtains the flight time difference of the measuring light and the reference light, the period of the spectrum interference fringe and the time difference are in a linear relation, namely the density change of the interference fringe reflects the blade tip gap distance change, and therefore the blade tip gap distance is obtained.
The working method of the engine blade tip clearance measuring system based on the optical frequency comb spectrum interference disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the optical frequency comb 1 emits pulse laser, the full width at half maximum of a spectrum is 30nm, and the repetition frequency of the pulse laser is 250 MHz; the laser enters an optical fiber amplifier 3 through a polarization maintaining fiber isolator 2 for energy amplification, pulse laser can be expressed as E (upsilon), and the upsilon is laser frequency; the pulse laser enters the dispersion adjuster 4 through the polarization-maintaining fiber to adjust the dispersion, then enters the first port of the polarization-maintaining fiber circulator 5, and is output from the second port of the polarization-maintaining fiber circulator 5 to enter the fiber probe 6 through the polarization-maintaining fiber. The dispersion adjuster 4 and the polarization maintaining fiber circulator 5 are ideal devices, and the pulsed laser light before entering the fiber probe 6 is expressed as E (upsilon) regardless of the loss.
As shown in figure 2, the tail end of the optical fiber probe 6 is provided with a spectroscope, one part of pulse laser is used as reference light, the reference light is reflected back in a primary path, the other part of the pulse laser is used as measuring light, the measuring light is transmitted through the spectroscope, the tail end of the optical fiber probe 6 is consistent with the inner wall of an engine casing, the measuring light is emitted to an engine blade 9, the reflected measuring light is recovered by the optical fiber probe 6, the returned reference light and the measuring light return to the polarization-maintaining circulator 5 through a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the light field signal intensity ratios of the reference light and the measuring light are set to be α and β at the momentr(. nu.) and measured light intensity EtAnd (v) are respectively expressed as:
Er(v)＝αE(v)，Et(v)＝βE(v)exp(-i2πvΔt) (1)
wherein Δ t is the time-of-flight difference between the measurement light and the reference light.
Reference light and measurement light are output through a third port of the polarization-maintaining circulator 5 and are transmitted to the spectrometer 7 through the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and spectral interference signals collected by the spectrometer 7 are represented as follows:
I(v)＝(Er(v)+Et(v))2(2)
substituting the formula (1) into the formula (2) to obtain:
I(v)＝E2(v)(α2+β2)+E2(v)·2αβcos(2πvΔt) (3)
as can be seen from equation (3), the spectral interference signal includes two parts: e2(υ)(α2+β2) The intensity variation of the spectral interference signal is caused by the interference term, and as can be seen from the interference term, the frequency f of the interference fringes is actually the time delay deltat between the reference pulse and the measurement pulse, and then the measured tip gap distance L is expressed as:
where c is the speed of light and n is the refractive index, the measured signal shown in FIG. 3 is subjected to data processing at the upper computer, resulting in a time delay Δ t of 1.2325 × 10-12s, the measured tip clearance distance L was 184.797 μm.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an engine apex clearance measurement system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference which characterized in that: the device comprises an optical frequency comb (1), a polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator (2), an optical fiber amplifier (3), a dispersion regulator (4), a polarization maintaining circulator (5), an optical fiber probe (6), a spectrometer (7), an upper computer (8) and an engine blade tip (9);
the optical frequency comb (1), the polarization maintaining fiber isolator (2), the optical fiber amplifier (3), the dispersion regulator (4), the polarization maintaining circulator (5), the optical fiber probe (6) and the spectrometer (7) are connected through a polarization maintaining optical fiber; the spectrometer (7) is connected with the upper computer (8) through a cable;
by collecting the spectrum interference signal, the frequency of the interference fringe, namely the time difference between two interfered pulses, is accurately measured, so that the blade tip clearance distance is obtained.
2. The system of claim 1 for measuring engine tip clearance based on optical frequency comb spectral interference, wherein: the optical frequency comb (1) emits polarized laser, the repetition frequency and the offset frequency of the polarized laser are referred to microwave atomic species through a phase-locked amplifier, and a high-stability high-repetition-frequency measurement light source is provided for a measurement system;
the optical fiber probe (6) is provided with a collimating lens, and the tail end of the optical fiber probe is provided with a spectroscope; the collimating lens is used for collimating the laser output by the optical fiber; the spectroscope is used for reflecting a part of laser original path according to a design proportion and transmitting the other part of laser through the spectroscope;
the optical fiber probe (6) is installed on the wall of the engine casing, the tail end of the optical fiber probe (6) is consistent with the inner wall of the engine casing, and the zero position of the measuring system and the inner wall of the engine casing are located at the same starting point;
the spectrometer (7) collects the spectrum interference signal, sends the collected spectrum interference signal into the upper computer (8), obtains the frequency of the spectrum interference signal through filtering and Fourier transformation, and further obtains the flight time difference of the measuring light and the reference light, the period of the spectrum interference fringe and the time difference are in a linear relation, namely the density change of the interference fringe reflects the change of the blade tip gap distance, and therefore the blade tip gap distance is obtained.
3. The system for measuring the engine blade tip clearance based on the optical frequency comb spectrum interference as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the spectrometer (7) is connected with the upper computer (8) through a BNC cable.
4. An engine tip clearance measurement system based on optical frequency comb (1) spectral interference according to claim 3, characterized in that: the working method is that polarized pulse laser emitted by an optical frequency comb (1) enters a polarization maintaining fiber isolator (2) through a polarization maintaining fiber, light output by the polarization maintaining fiber isolator (2) enters an optical fiber amplifier (3) through the polarization maintaining fiber for energy amplification, the amplified light enters a dispersion regulator (4) through the polarization maintaining fiber to regulate the dispersion of the light, then enters a first port of a polarization maintaining circulator (5) through the polarization maintaining fiber, light output by a second port of the polarization maintaining fiber circulator enters an optical fiber probe (6) through the polarization maintaining fiber, one part of the light returns in an original path and is used as reference light, the other part of the light enters the surface of a blade tip and is used as measuring light, the optical fiber probe (6) recovers measuring light reflected by the blade tip, the reference light and the measuring light return to the optical fiber circulator through the polarization maintaining fiber and are output from a third port of the optical fiber circulator to enter a spectrometer (7), the spectrometer (7) collects the spectrum interference signal, the spectrum interference signal is sent to the upper computer (8) through the BNC cable to be processed, the collected spectrum interference signal is sent to the upper computer (8), the frequency of the spectrum interference signal is obtained through filtering and Fourier transform, the flight time difference of the measuring light and the reference light is further obtained, and the blade tip clearance distance is measured and calculated.
5. The system of claim 4 for measuring engine tip clearance based on optical frequency comb spectral interference, wherein: the method for measuring and calculating the blade tip clearance distance is as follows,
reference light intensity Er(. nu.) and measured light intensity EtAnd (v) are respectively expressed as:
Er(v)＝αE(v)，Et(v)＝βE(v)exp(-i2πvΔt) (1)
wherein: e (upsilon) is the light intensity of the pulse laser before entering the optical fiber probe (6); alpha and beta are the light field signal intensity proportion of the reference light and the measuring light respectively; Δ t is the time-of-flight difference between the measurement light and the reference light, i.e. the time delay between the reference pulse and the measurement pulse;
the spectral interference signal i (v) acquired by the spectrometer (7) is represented as:
I(v)＝(Er(v)+Et(v))2(2)
substituting the formula (1) into the formula (2) to obtain:
I(v)＝E2(v)(α2+β2)+E2(v)·2αβcos(2πvΔt) (3)
as shown in formula (3), the spectral interference signal i (v) includes two parts: e2(υ)(α2+β2) The intensity change of the spectral interference signal I (v) is caused by an interference term 2 αβ cos (2 pi upsilont Δ t), and the frequency f of interference fringes is the time delay Δ t between a reference pulse and a measurement pulse, so that the measured tip clearance distance L is expressed as:
wherein c is the speed of light and n is the refractive index; and finishing data processing at the upper computer (8), wherein the measured blade tip clearance distance L is the engine blade tip clearance.
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| CN116047535B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-03-22 | 电子科技大学 | Dual-optical frequency comb time-of-flight ranging system based on dispersion Fourier transform |
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