CN111534683A - Method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method - Google Patents
Method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111534683A CN111534683A CN202010286239.5A CN202010286239A CN111534683A CN 111534683 A CN111534683 A CN 111534683A CN 202010286239 A CN202010286239 A CN 202010286239A CN 111534683 A CN111534683 A CN 111534683A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of iron tailing harmlessness and comprehensive utilization thereof, and particularly relates to a method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by an alkali fusion method. The method adds a certain amount of alkali metal hydroxide to carry out alkali fusion treatment on the iron tailings at a specific temperature and time, so that the alkali metal hydroxide reacts with silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and the like in the iron tailings to generate water-soluble compounds, and the water-soluble compounds are removed in subsequent treatment to achieve the effect of enriching the iron oxide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of iron tailing harmlessness and comprehensive utilization thereof. More particularly, relates to a method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using an alkali fusion method.
Background
The iron tailings refer to solid wastes generated after raw ores are subjected to various ore dressing processes such as crushing, screening, crushing, grading, gravity separation, flotation and the like. The average grade of iron in the iron tailings is 40%, the amount of iron elements available in the iron tailings is very large according to the total amount of iron ore, but the iron tailings are difficult to recover due to low grade and fine granularity and easy to argillization, and are generally stacked in a tailing pond, so that the iron tailings not only occupy a large amount of land for a long time, but also easily generate wastewater containing a large amount of heavy metals, and cause serious heavy metal pollution to water resources or environment. Therefore, a method for efficiently enriching the iron oxide in the iron tailings, fully utilizing the iron element in the iron tailings and reducing the environmental pollution caused by heavy metal wastewater is very urgent to find.
At present, the method for enriching iron from iron tailings in the prior art is mainly a reduction method, and comprises microwave roasting, suspension magnetization roasting, direct reduction, reduction roasting and the like. The microwave roasting and the suspension magnetization roasting have higher requirements on roasting devices, have no advantages in process and cost, and have limited application range; the direct reduction requires a high temperature of more than 1000 ℃ and a long reaction time (generally more than 120 min), has large energy consumption and high cost, and is not suitable for large-scale industrial production; a large amount of coal is required to be added as a reducing agent for reduction roasting, pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and the like can be generated in the reaction process, and the high-quality coal reserves are rapidly exhausted at present. Besides coal as a reducing agent, the Chinese patent application CN102586586A discloses a method for magnetizing, roasting and sorting low-grade iron ore, and the Chinese patent application CN108580031A discloses a mineral separation method for pre-roasting polymetallic associated iron tailings, wherein the two methods both adopt CO + H2Reduction of iron tailings as a reducing gas, but with acute toxicity of CO, H2The coal gasification and gasification combined gasification furnace is flammable and explosive, has great potential safety hazard in the production process, and the two gases mostly come from coal and petroleum, and also has the problems of exhaustion of coal reserves and high treatment cost. In addition, the iron-rich tailings obtained after iron is enriched from the iron tailings by the reduction method also have the harm of leaching heavy metals in the storage and transportation processes.
Therefore, the method for enriching the iron oxide in the iron tailings, which does not need to add a reducing agent, has low energy consumption, reduces the leaching hazard of heavy metals and is green and environment-friendly, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that a large amount of reducing agents are required to be added, reducing gas has certain potential safety hazard, energy consumption is high, and heavy metal leaching harm exists in the prior art, and provides a method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings, which is environment-friendly, has small energy consumption and can reduce heavy metal leaching harm without adding reducing agents.
The invention aims to provide a method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using an alkali fusion method.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using an alkali fusion method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the iron tailings and the alkali metal hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1 (1.0-3.0), roasting at 700-900 ℃ for 60-120 min, cooling, adding water into the roasted product, stirring, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain iron-rich tailings.
In the invention, a certain amount of alkali metal hydroxide is added to carry out alkali fusion treatment on the iron tailings at a specific temperature and time, and the alkali metal hydroxide reacts with silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and the like in the iron tailings to enable silicon-aluminum elements to generate water-soluble compounds which can be removed in subsequent treatment so as to achieve the effect of enriching iron oxide.
Further, the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
Preferably, the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the iron tailings to the alkali metal hydroxide is 1 (1-1.5). In practice, the iron tailings and the alkali metal hydroxide under the proportioning condition can be fully contacted and reacted, and the excessive alkali metal hydroxide is not beneficial to the roasting effect and can increase the cost.
Preferably, the roasting temperature is 700-800 ℃. In practice, the alkali metal hydroxide under the condition of lower temperature can not fully react with silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, although the reaction rate can be improved by raising the roasting temperature, the energy consumption can be increased, the raw materials can be fully reacted at 700-800 ℃, the better reaction rate can be maintained, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Preferably, the roasting time is 60-90 min. In practice, the raw materials can be fully reacted within 60-90 min, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Further, Fe in the iron tailings2O3The content is 65-75%.
Further, the granularity of the iron tailings is less than 0.08 mm.
Furthermore, the cooling temperature is 20-25 ℃.
Further, the weight volume ratio of the roasted product to water in the process of adding the roasted product into water and stirring is 1 (50-100) g/ml.
Furthermore, the temperature of the roasted product when water is added and stirred is 90-95 ℃.
Further, the temperature during filtration is 55-60 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for enriching the iron oxide in the iron tailings by using the alkali fusion method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the alkali fusion treatment is carried out on the iron tailings by adding a certain amount of alkali metal hydroxide at a specific temperature and time, so that the alkali metal hydroxide can react with silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and the like in the iron tailings to generate water-soluble compounds, and the water-soluble compounds are removed in subsequent treatment, so that the effect of enriching the iron oxide is achieved, in addition, a reducing agent is not required to be added, the energy consumption is low, the heavy metal leaching harm can be reduced, the method is green and environment-friendly, and the method is suitable for.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an electron microscope image of the iron-rich tailings obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an iron element distribution diagram under an electron microscope image of the iron-rich tailings obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
The iron tailings adopted by the invention mainly comprise the following components: fe2O3The content of SiO is 67.94 percent220.70% of Al2O3The content of SO was 7.43%3Content of 2.61%, K2The O content was 0.71%, and the other 0.61%.
Other reagents and materials used in the examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method
Drying, grinding and sieving the iron tailings to ensure that the granularity of the iron tailings is less than 0.08mm, mixing the iron tailings with sodium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1:1.2, stirring for 30min, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, roasting for 60min at 800 ℃, cooling, adding the roasted product into water according to the proportion of 1g of the roasted product to 50ml of water, stirring for 30min at 90 ℃, cooling to about 60 ℃, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain the iron-rich tailings.
The microstructure of the iron-rich tailings obtained in example 1 was observed under a field emission scanning electron microscope, and the results are shown in fig. 1-2.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the alkali fusion reaction can effectively destroy the lattice structure of the iron tailings, and the iron tailings are in a porous structure, so that leaching of silicon and aluminum elements in the tailings can be promoted; the iron elements are relatively dense respectively, and can obviously enrich the ferric oxide in the iron tailings.
Example 2 method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method
Drying, grinding and sieving the iron tailings to ensure that the granularity of the iron tailings is less than 0.08mm, mixing the iron tailings with sodium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1:1.25, stirring for 30min, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, roasting for 60min at the temperature of 700 ℃, cooling, adding the roasted product into water according to the proportion of 1g of the roasted product to 50ml of water, stirring for 30min at the temperature of 90 ℃, cooling to about 65 ℃, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain the iron-rich tailings.
Example 3 method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method
Drying, grinding and sieving the iron tailings to ensure that the granularity of the iron tailings is less than 0.08mm, mixing the iron tailings with sodium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1:1.25, stirring for 30min, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, roasting for 90min at the temperature of 800 ℃, cooling, adding the roasted product into water according to the proportion of 1g of the roasted product to 50ml of water, stirring for 30min at the temperature of 90 ℃, cooling to about 55 ℃, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain the iron-rich tailings.
Example 4 method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method
Drying, grinding and sieving the iron tailings to ensure that the granularity of the iron tailings is less than 0.08mm, mixing the iron tailings with potassium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1:1.2, stirring for 30min, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, roasting for 90min at 800 ℃, cooling, adding the roasted product into water according to the proportion of 1g of the roasted product to 50ml of water, stirring for 30min at 90 ℃, cooling to about 55 ℃, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain the iron-rich tailings.
Comparative example 1 method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method
Drying, grinding and sieving the iron tailings to ensure that the granularity of the iron tailings is less than 0.08mm, mixing the iron tailings with sodium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1:1, stirring for 30min, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, roasting at 500 ℃ for 60min, cooling, adding the roasted product into water according to the proportion of 1g of the roasted product to 50ml of water, stirring at 90 ℃ for 30min, cooling to about 60 ℃, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain iron-rich tailings.
Except for the difference from example 1 that the firing temperature of comparative example 1 was 500 deg.c, the remaining parameters or operations refer to example 1.
Comparative example 2 method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method
Drying, grinding and sieving the iron tailings to ensure that the granularity of the iron tailings is less than 0.08mm, mixing the iron tailings with sodium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1:1, stirring for 30min, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, roasting at 800 ℃ for 30min, cooling, adding the roasted product into water according to the proportion of 1g of the roasted product to 50ml of water, stirring at 90 ℃ for 30min, cooling to about 60 ℃, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain iron-rich tailings.
Except for example 1 that the firing time of comparative example 2 was 30min, and the rest of the parameters or operations refer to example 1.
Comparative example 3 method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using alkali fusion method
Drying, grinding and sieving the iron tailings to ensure that the granularity of the iron tailings is less than 0.08mm, mixing the iron tailings with sodium hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1:0.5, stirring for 30min, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, roasting for 60min at 800 ℃, cooling, adding the roasted product into water according to the proportion of 1g of the roasted product to 50ml of water, stirring for 30min at 90 ℃, cooling to about 60 ℃, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain the iron-rich tailings.
The difference from example 1 is that the weight ratio of the iron tailings and the sodium hydroxide of comparative example 3 is 1:0.5, and the reference example 1 is operated with the rest parameters.
Experimental example 1 composition of iron-rich tailings obtained after alkali fusion treatment
The component compositions of the iron-rich tailings obtained after the alkali fusion treatment in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition of iron-rich tailings obtained after alkali fusion treatment
| Composition of ingredients | Fe2O3(％) | SiO2(％) | Al2O3(％) | Others (%) |
| Iron tailing raw material | 67.94 | 20.70 | 7.43 | 3.93 |
| Example 1 | 89.08 | 5.99 | 3.23 | 1.70 |
| Example 2 | 90.19 | 4.15 | 4.03 | 1.63 |
| Example 3 | 89.99 | 4.90 | 3.70 | 1.41 |
| Example 4 | 89.12 | 4.73 | 3.21 | 2.94 |
| Comparative example 1 | 85.15 | 10.44 | 2.52 | 1.89 |
| Comparative example 2 | 86.51 | 8.39 | 3.33 | 1.77 |
| Comparative example 3 | 81.81 | 13.30 | 2.31 | 2.58 |
As can be seen from table 1, in examples 1 to 4, when the alkali fusion method is used for treating the iron tailings, most of silicon-aluminum elements can be separated from the iron tailings, so that the content of iron oxide is remarkably increased, and the effect of enriching iron oxide in the iron tailings is achieved; the iron oxide enrichment effects of the comparative examples 1-3 are poor, and more silicon element is remained.
Experimental example 2 composition of iron-rich tailings obtained after alkali fusion treatment
Referring to national standard GB 5085.3-2007 Standard for identification of hazardous waste leach toxicity identification, taking example 1 as an example, the leaching concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pd and Ni of iron-rich tailings obtained by enriching iron tailings by an alkali fusion method are determined, and the results are shown in Table 2 (examples 2-3 are similar to the results of example 1).
Table 2 identification of leaching toxicity of iron-rich tailings obtained in example 1
As can be seen from table 2, compared with the raw material iron tailings, the concentration of heavy metal ions in the iron-rich tailings leachate obtained in example 1 of the present invention is significantly reduced, and is far lower than the requirements specified by the national standards, safe and environment-friendly.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for enriching iron oxide in iron tailings by using an alkali fusion method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing the iron tailings and the alkali metal hydroxide according to the weight ratio of 1 (1.0-3.0), roasting at 700-900 ℃ for 60-120 min, cooling, adding water into the roasted product, stirring, filtering to obtain alkaline filtrate, and drying filter residues to obtain iron-rich tailings.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of the iron tailings to the alkali metal hydroxide is 1 (1-1.5).
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the calcination is 700 to 800 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the roasting time is 60-90 min.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the iron tailings is less than 0.08 mm.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the cooling is 20 to 25 ℃.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight volume ratio of the roasted product to water in the stirring of the roasted product added with water is 1 (50-100) g/ml.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the roasted product is 90 to 95 ℃ when water is added and the mixture is stirred.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature during the filtration is 55 to 60 ℃.
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| CN116460981A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-07-21 | 安徽建筑大学 | Preparation process and equipment of high-fluidity veneer ultra-high-performance concrete |
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| CN116460981B (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2024-06-07 | 安徽建筑大学 | Preparation process and equipment of high-fluidity veneer ultra-high-performance concrete |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |