CN111533589A - Method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111533589A CN111533589A CN202010540052.3A CN202010540052A CN111533589A CN 111533589 A CN111533589 A CN 111533589A CN 202010540052 A CN202010540052 A CN 202010540052A CN 111533589 A CN111533589 A CN 111533589A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly and continuously producing an organic fertilizer, which can quickly and continuously produce the organic fertilizer; the method comprises S1, collecting raw materials, and detecting the collected raw materials; s2, blending the raw materials detected in the step S1, adjusting the raw materials after the blending is finished, and performing pre-fermentation treatment after the adjustment is finished; s3, conveying the raw material after the pre-fermentation treatment in the S2 step to a fermentation device for fermentation; s4, ageing the raw material fermented in the step S3, treating again, and packaging after treatment; the method for quickly and continuously producing the organic fertilizer can correspondingly control to ensure high-efficiency fermentation and simultaneously remove harmful germs, worm eggs and the like in the raw materials, thereby shortening the fermentation time and simultaneously sterilizing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, in particular to a method for quickly and continuously producing an organic fertilizer.
Background
A large amount of animal wastes in livestock and poultry intensive cultivation cause environmental pollution, and various indexes of incomplete fermentation of the traditional organic fertilizer fermentation mode cannot meet the standard requirements, so that secondary soil pollution is caused.
The organic fertilizer can not only provide nutrients for the growth of crops, but also improve soil and improve the quality of the crops, the traditional organic fertilizer has limited production and treatment capacity, and a large amount of excrement cannot be treated to cause environmental pollution; moreover, the traditional method is to build a large manure pit, store the excrement of the livestock and poultry in the manure pit for natural fermentation and then fertilize crops; the disadvantages are as follows: for a large-scale farm, manure pits with large occupied area need to be excavated, and the fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer is not convenient to transport and circulate due to the long natural fermentation period of the livestock manure, so that the organic fertilizer is wasted, and the surrounding environment is also seriously polluted; in order to fully utilize livestock manure in a farm, some livestock manure is subjected to compost fermentation treatment, and then is prepared into a bagged organic fertilizer after a series of treatments to enter the market.
In the prior art, the production of organic fertilizer usually takes compost fermentation as the main part. However, the compost needs to be subjected to a long temperature rise stage, a long high temperature stage, a long temperature reduction stage, a long decomposition stage and the like, and the whole fermentation time is as long as 20-30 days, so that the preparation period of the organic fertilizer is long, and a large compost field is occupied; moreover, the maximum temperature of the compost natural fermentation is generally difficult to exceed 60 ℃, so that the organic fertilizer is not fermented thoroughly and harmless production is difficult to realize, residual harmful germs, worm eggs and the like in the prepared organic fertilizer are easy to cause diseases and insect pests if the organic fertilizer is directly applied to crops, and meanwhile, humus in the organic fertilizer is not completely formed due to incomplete fermentation, and partial components in raw materials are difficult to completely decompose, so that the conditions of burning, following and seedling are caused. In addition, under the influence of various external factors, continuous production is difficult to realize by compost fermentation, the industrialization degree is low, the yield is low, and the like;
therefore, how to provide a method which has short fermentation period and no insect pest and can continuously produce organic fertilizer becomes a problem which needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly and continuously producing an organic fertilizer, which can quickly and continuously produce the organic fertilizer;
the invention provides a method for quickly and continuously producing an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting the raw materials, and detecting the collected raw materials;
s2, blending the raw materials detected in the step S1, adjusting the raw materials after the blending is finished, and performing pre-fermentation treatment after the adjustment is finished;
s3, conveying the raw material after the pre-fermentation treatment in the S2 step to a fermentation device for fermentation;
and S4, ageing the raw material fermented in the S3 step, treating again, and packaging after treatment.
As a further technical solution, the step of S1 is: collecting animal waste and auxiliary materials, and detecting.
As a further technical solution, the step S2 is:
preparing the animal wastes and auxiliary materials detected in the step S1, and adding self-expanding strains; and adjusting after the batching is finished, and performing pre-fermentation treatment for 1-3 days after the adjustment is finished.
As a further technical solution, the step S2 is:
mixing 45-55 parts of animal wastes detected in the step S1 with 55-45 parts of auxiliary materials, and adding 5-10 parts of self-expanding strains; and C/N, water, PH value and evacuation degree are adjusted after the batching is finished, and pre-fermentation treatment is carried out for 1-3 days after the adjustment is finished.
As a further technical solution, the step S3 is:
the material after the pre-fermentation treatment in the step S2 is transferred to a fermentation apparatus to perform a three-stage fermentation.
As a further technical solution, the step S3 is:
and (4) conveying the raw materials subjected to the pre-fermentation treatment in the step S2 into a fermentation device, turning the raw materials in the fermentation device by rotating the fermentation device, performing three-stage fermentation, and crushing the raw materials in a crushing device.
As a further technical scheme, the three-stage fermentation in the step S3 is as follows:
a first stage; adjusting the temperature of the first stage in the fermentation equipment to 35-60 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation at 35-60 ℃ for 5-9 hours;
a second stage; adjusting the temperature of the second stage in the fermentation equipment to 60-70 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation at 60-70 ℃ for 24 hours;
and a third stage: adjusting the temperature of the third section in the fermentation equipment to 30-50 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 10-14 hours.
As a further technical solution, the step S4 is:
and (4) ageing the raw material fermented in the step S3, drying and screening, and packaging after drying and screening.
As a further technical solution, the step S4 is:
ageing the fermented raw materials in the step S3 for 2-3 days; drying and screening after aging, wherein the inlet temperature of a dryer is not more than 85 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the dryer is not more than 60 ℃; and packaged after drying and screening.
As a further technical solution, the step S3 further includes:
collecting waste gas generated in the fermentation process through a pipeline, and treating the waste gas after the waste gas is discharged from fermentation equipment through the pipeline.
According to the technical scheme, the collected raw materials are sequentially subjected to inspection, pre-fermentation treatment, fermentation treatment and retreatment and then packaged, so that the organic fertilizer is more reasonable to produce, the fermentation pretreatment is performed before fermentation, the fermentation period can be shortened, the fermentation process can be correspondingly controlled to ensure efficient fermentation, meanwhile, harmful germs, worm eggs and the like in the raw materials can be removed, and further, the fermentation time is shortened and sterilization is performed;
in addition, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. the nutrient content, organic matter, moisture, heavy metal and residue resistance of the product all reach the standard. Wherein the organic matter reaches more than 65 percent and far exceeds the standard, the water content is controlled within 30 percent, the product is loose, and the appearance and the quality are good;
2. the fermentation period is short, the materials are prepared until the discharge of the finished product is not more than 48 hours, and the large-scale production is facilitated;
3. by utilizing the bionic principle, the biological reaction heat energy is efficiently utilized, oxygen is uniformly supplied, the temperature is automatically adjusted, the optimal growth environment for biological bacteria fermentation is met, and the aim of rapid fermentation is fulfilled;
4. the killing rate to harmful pathogens, worm eggs, grass seeds and the like reaches 100 percent;
5. the dry process has no secondary pollution, tail gas is organized and centralized treated, and odor pollution is avoided;
drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a method for rapidly and continuously producing an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
collecting raw materials, and detecting the collected raw materials; in particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
collecting animal waste and auxiliary materials, and detecting; the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of straw powder, sawdust and vinasse, and the sufficient air permeability of the materials is ensured by conditioning the auxiliary materials, such as the straw powder, the sawdust and the vinasse, with carbon-containing substances; after the animal waste and the auxiliary materials are determined, detecting the auxiliary materials, wherein the specifically detected auxiliary materials are the water content, the PH value and the C/N ratio in the raw materials;
the detected raw materials are proportioned, and are adjusted after the batching is finished, and pre-fermentation treatment is carried out after the adjustment is finished; in particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
preparing the detected animal excrement and auxiliary materials, and adding self-expanding strains; and adjusting after the batching is finished, and performing pre-fermentation treatment for 1-3 days after the adjustment is finished; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
preparing 45-55 parts of detected animal wastes and 55-45 parts of auxiliary materials, and adding 5-10 parts of self-expanding strains, wherein the self-expanding strains mainly comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilus, saccharomycetes, high-temperature actinomycetes and the like, and have the functions of quickly increasing the temperature of materials, promoting the release of macromolecular substances and nutrients, and eliminating and controlling the odor in the fermentation process; C/N, organic matters, moisture, pH value and evacuation degree are adjusted after the ingredients are finished, specifically, the moisture is controlled to be between 50 and 55 percent, the C/N ratio is controlled to be between 25 and 30, and the pH is controlled to be between 5.5 and 8.5, wherein the looseness ensures that gas can pass through in the fermentation process, and the looseness is not further limited; after the adjustment is finished, performing pre-fermentation treatment for 1-3 days, wherein the pre-fermentation adopts groove type aerobic fermentation, and the middle part does not turn over piles, so that the temperature of the material is promoted to rise;
conveying the raw materials subjected to the pre-fermentation treatment to fermentation equipment for fermentation; in particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
conveying the raw materials subjected to the pre-fermentation treatment to fermentation equipment for three-stage fermentation; the raw materials after the pre-fermentation treatment are conveyed to the fermentation equipment, the oxygen amount and the waste gas amount are regulated, and the raw materials are turned in the fermentation equipment through the rotation of the fermentation equipment, so that the raw materials are more uniform and breathable after being turned in the fermentation equipment; performing three-stage fermentation to form a semi-finished product, and conveying the semi-finished product to crushing equipment for crushing; in addition, before the raw materials subjected to the pre-fermentation treatment enter the fermentation equipment, the compressed air in the fermentation equipment is regulated, so that the air pressure of the compressed air in the first half section of the fermentation equipment is-7 kgf, and the air pressure of the compressed air in the second half section of the fermentation equipment is 2-3kgf, and in the actual use process, the feeding amount of the raw materials subjected to the pre-fermentation treatment and the air inflow amount of the compressed air in the fermentation equipment are timely adjusted according to the fermentation condition;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the three-stage fermentation is as follows:
a first stage; adjusting the temperature of the first stage in the fermentation equipment to 35-60 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation at 35-60 ℃ for 5-9 hours; harmful bacteria are gradually activated in this stage;
a second stage; adjusting the temperature of the second stage in the fermentation equipment to 60-70 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation at 60-70 ℃ for 24 hours; in the stage, the beneficial bacteria enter a dormant state, and the harmful bacteria are fully killed;
and a third stage: regulating the temperature of the third section in the fermentation equipment to 30-50 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 10-14 hours; during this phase, the microbial activity gradually diminishes;
fermenting in three stages to complete the fermentation process to form semi-finished product, and crushing the semi-finished product; wherein, the particle size of the semi-finished product is about 40 meshes after being crushed;
of course, during the fermentation process, there is an exhaust gas, therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the exhaust gas generated during the fermentation process is collected through a pipeline and discharged from the fermentation equipment through the pipeline for treatment;
aging the fermented raw materials, treating again, and packaging after treatment; specifically, the fermented raw materials are aged, dried and screened, and then packaged; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
aging the fermented raw materials for 2-3 days; drying and screening after aging, wherein the inlet temperature of a dryer is not more than 85 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the dryer is not more than 60 ℃; so as to ensure that the moisture of the dried material is kept at 30 percent, thereby ensuring the sufficient survival rate of the beneficial bacteria, and packaging the dried and screened material.
To better understand the technical scheme of the invention, the following specific examples are given:
example 1:
collecting the excrement of the intensively cultured animals and the excrement collected by all farmers; adopting straw powder as an auxiliary material; forming a raw material by using excrement and auxiliary materials;
detecting the indexes of moisture, PH value and C/N ratio of all raw materials;
the raw materials are proportioned according to the weight portion as follows: 50 tons of animal wastes, 25 tons of straw powder and 1 ton of self-propagating strains; the C/P ratio is 25, the PH value is 5.5, the water content is controlled at 50%, and the auxiliary material straw powder carbon-containing substance is used for conditioning to ensure the sufficient air permeability of the material, so as to form the material;
the prepared materials are fully turned, so that the materials are uniform and breathable, and are stored for 72 hours to realize pretreatment;
sieving coarse-grained materials by using an automatic feeding machine through a common screen, conveying the materials to an inlet of fermentation equipment (the total length of the fermentation equipment is 90 meters, 15 sections in total) by using a conveyor, and performing fermentation treatment;
feeding the materials into a fermentation device according to the amount of 7 tons per hour; before starting compressed air, making the pressure of the compressed air in the first half section (1-7 sections) of the fermentation equipment be 6kgf, and making the pressure of the compressed air in the second half section (8-15 sections) of the fermentation equipment be 2 kgf; after the materials enter the fermentation equipment, the materials are turned over by the broken paddles in the fermentation equipment, so that the turning of the materials is realized, the materials are further in full contact with air, and the aerobic bacteria of microorganisms are abnormally activated after the aerobic bacteria of the microorganisms and the air, so that the optimal environment for the propagation of the microorganisms is reached, and the rapid fermentation of the materials is realized; the temperature of the material is gradually increased;
the temperature of the material is gradually increased from 1-4 sections of fermentation equipment, the temperature is increased for 9 hours, and the temperature is increased from 35 ℃ to 60 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature zone is 70 ℃ in 5-12 sections of equipment, and the time of the high-temperature zone is kept for 24 hours; no. 12-15 is the outlet temperature of the cooling zone of 40 ℃, and the materials are kept in the cooling zone for 12 hours;
waste gas (ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, methane, water vapor and the like) generated in the fermentation process is uniformly collected into a waste gas treatment system through a pipeline, is sprayed and washed by water mist, and is uniformly recovered after being washed to be used as a production raw material of the water-soluble fertilizer;
certainly, in the fermentation process, an operator needs to monitor the temperature rise of the material and the operation condition of the equipment (the temperature rise of the material and the operation condition of the equipment can be monitored by combining a monitoring system in the prior art), finds that the temperature rise does not meet the specified requirements, timely adjusts the feeding amount, the air inflow of the compressed air and the exhaust gas amount, can set the inspection time according to the actual condition, and inspects the equipment within the set time range through the operator;
continuously outputting the fermented materials from a discharge port of the equipment, and transferring the fermented materials to an aging workshop for aging, wherein the materials need to be aged for 2 days, and after aging, the materials are conveyed to a dryer for drying, the inlet temperature of the dryer is 85 ℃, and the tail temperature of the dryer is 60 ℃;
the drying operation flow comprises the following steps: conveying the aged material into a drying roller through a material conveying device, continuously rotating a barrel body, stirring and scattering the material by a stirring plate in the barrel body, continuously crushing the material by a head scattering machine, mixing the material with hot air fed by a hot blast stove, instantly vaporizing and evaporating water in the material in a short time, and simultaneously cooling the hot air fed by the hot blast stove to the front area of the roller for uniform temperature; the materials flow backwards together with hot air, the materials are dried in a main conduction drying mode, moisture in the materials is continuously evaporated to take away heat energy and the heat energy are taken away by the hot air, the temperature of the mixed gas is gradually reduced, and when the moisture of the dried materials reaches about 30%, the materials reach the tail of the barrel. The gas containing water and dust is exhausted after cyclone dust removal, settling chamber and water washing under the negative pressure action of a draught fan; the drying time is related to the blanking angle and the revolving speed of the revolving body, the larger the blanking angle is, the larger the revolving speed of the revolving body is, and the shorter the drying time is; on the contrary, the drying time is long;
after the materials are dried, the materials pass through screening equipment, and large-particle materials with the particle size larger than 4.5mm are removed;
the screened materials form finished organic fertilizers (the water content is less than or equal to 30 percent), and the finished organic fertilizers are conveyed to a finished product packaging machine, packaged and stored.
Example 2;
collecting the excrement of the intensively cultured animals and the excrement collected by all farmers; sawdust is adopted as an auxiliary material; forming a raw material by using excrement and auxiliary materials;
detecting the indexes of moisture, PH value and C/N ratio of all raw materials;
the raw materials are proportioned according to the weight portion as follows: 50 tons of animal wastes, 25 tons of sawdust and 1 ton of self-propagating strains; the C/P ratio is 28, the PH value is 7, the moisture is controlled at 53%, and the supplementary material sawdust carbon-containing substance is used for conditioning to ensure the sufficient air permeability of the material to form the material;
the prepared materials are fully turned, so that the materials are uniform and breathable, and are stored for 72 hours to realize pretreatment;
sieving coarse-grained materials by using an automatic feeding machine through a common screen, conveying the materials to an inlet of fermentation equipment (the total length of the fermentation equipment is 90 meters, 15 sections in total) by using a conveyor, and performing fermentation treatment;
feeding the materials into a fermentation device according to the amount of 7 tons per hour; before starting compressed air, the air pressure of the compressed air in the first half section (1-7 sections) of the fermentation equipment is 7kgf, and the air pressure of the compressed air in the second half section (8-15 sections) of the fermentation equipment is 3 kgf; after the materials enter the fermentation equipment, the materials are turned over by the broken paddles in the fermentation equipment, so that the turning of the materials is realized, the materials are further in full contact with air, and the aerobic bacteria of microorganisms are abnormally activated after the aerobic bacteria of the microorganisms and the air, so that the optimal environment for the propagation of the microorganisms is reached, and the rapid fermentation of the materials is realized; the temperature of the material is gradually increased;
the temperature of the material is gradually increased from 1-4 sections of fermentation equipment, the temperature is increased for 8 hours, and the temperature is increased from 35 ℃ to 45 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature zone of the equipment in the section 5-12 is 65 ℃, and the time of the high-temperature zone is kept for 24 hours; no. 12-15 is the outlet temperature of the cooling zone of 50 ℃, and the materials are kept in the cooling zone for 14 hours;
waste gas (ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, methane, water vapor and the like) generated in the fermentation process is uniformly collected into a waste gas treatment system through a pipeline, is sprayed and washed by water mist, and is uniformly recovered after being washed to be used as a production raw material of the water-soluble fertilizer;
certainly, in the fermentation process, an operator needs to monitor the temperature rise of the material and the operation condition of the equipment (the temperature rise of the material and the operation condition of the equipment can be monitored by combining a monitoring system in the prior art), finds that the temperature rise does not meet the specified requirements, timely adjusts the feeding amount, the air inflow of the compressed air and the exhaust gas amount, can set the inspection time according to the actual condition, and inspects the equipment within the set time range through the operator;
continuously outputting the fermented materials from a discharge port of the equipment, and transferring the fermented materials to an aging workshop for aging, wherein the materials need to be aged for 2 days, and after aging, the materials are conveyed to a dryer for drying, the inlet temperature of the dryer is 80 ℃, and the tail temperature of the dryer is 55 ℃;
the drying operation flow comprises the following steps: conveying the aged material into a drying roller through a material conveying device, continuously rotating a barrel body, stirring and scattering the material by a stirring plate in the barrel body, continuously crushing the material by a head scattering machine, mixing the material with hot air fed by a hot blast stove, instantly vaporizing and evaporating water in the material in a short time, and simultaneously cooling the hot air fed by the hot blast stove to the front area of the roller for uniform temperature; the materials flow backwards together with hot air, the materials are dried in a main conduction drying mode, moisture in the materials is continuously evaporated to take away heat energy and the heat energy are taken away by the hot air, the temperature of the mixed gas is gradually reduced, and when the moisture of the dried materials reaches about 30%, the materials reach the tail of the barrel. The gas containing water and dust is exhausted after cyclone dust removal, settling chamber and water washing under the negative pressure action of a draught fan; the drying time is related to the blanking angle and the revolving speed of the revolving body, the larger the blanking angle is, the larger the revolving speed of the revolving body is, and the shorter the drying time is; on the contrary, the drying time is long;
after the materials are dried, the materials pass through screening equipment, and large-particle materials with the particle size larger than 4.5mm are removed;
the screened materials form finished organic fertilizers (the water content is less than or equal to 30 percent), and the finished organic fertilizers are conveyed to a finished product packaging machine, packaged and stored.
Example 3:
collecting the excrement of the intensively cultured animals and the excrement collected by all farmers; adopting vinasse as an auxiliary material; forming a raw material by using excrement and auxiliary materials;
detecting the indexes of moisture, PH value and C/N ratio of all raw materials;
the raw materials are proportioned according to the weight portion as follows: 50 tons of animal wastes, 25 tons of vinasse and 1 ton of self-propagating strains; the C/P ratio is 30, the PH value is 8.5, the moisture is controlled to be 55%, and the auxiliary material vinasse carbon-containing substance is used for conditioning to ensure the sufficient air permeability of the material to form the material;
the prepared materials are fully turned, so that the materials are uniform and breathable, and are stored for 72 hours to realize pretreatment;
sieving coarse-grained materials by using an automatic feeding machine through a common screen, conveying the materials to an inlet of fermentation equipment (the total length of the fermentation equipment is 90 meters, 15 sections in total) by using a conveyor, and performing fermentation treatment;
feeding the materials into a fermentation device according to the amount of 7 tons per hour; before starting compressed air, the air pressure of the compressed air in the first half section (1-7 sections) of the fermentation equipment is 7kgf, and the air pressure of the compressed air in the second half section (8-15 sections) of the fermentation equipment is 2 kgf; after the materials enter the fermentation equipment, the materials are turned over by the broken paddles in the fermentation equipment, so that the turning of the materials is realized, the materials are further in full contact with air, and the aerobic bacteria of microorganisms are abnormally activated after the aerobic bacteria of the microorganisms and the air, so that the optimal environment for the propagation of the microorganisms is reached, and the rapid fermentation of the materials is realized; the temperature of the material is gradually increased;
the temperature of the material is gradually increased from 1-4 sections of fermentation equipment, the temperature is increased for 8 hours, and the temperature is increased from 35 ℃ to 45 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature zone is 60 ℃ in 5-12 sections of equipment, and the time of the high-temperature zone is kept for 24 hours; no. 12-15 is the outlet temperature of the cooling zone of 30 ℃, and the materials are kept in the cooling zone for 10 hours;
waste gas (ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, methane, water vapor and the like) generated in the fermentation process is uniformly collected into a waste gas treatment system through a pipeline, is sprayed and washed by water mist, and is uniformly recovered after being washed to be used as a production raw material of the water-soluble fertilizer;
certainly, in the fermentation process, an operator needs to monitor the temperature rise of the material and the operation condition of the equipment (the temperature rise of the material and the operation condition of the equipment can be monitored by combining a monitoring system in the prior art), finds that the temperature rise does not meet the specified requirements, timely adjusts the feeding amount, the air inflow of the compressed air and the exhaust gas amount, can set the inspection time according to the actual condition, and inspects the equipment within the set time range through the operator;
continuously outputting the fermented materials from a discharge port of the equipment, and transferring the fermented materials to an aging workshop for aging, wherein the materials need to be aged for 2 days, and after aging, the materials are conveyed to a dryer for drying, the inlet temperature of the dryer is 70 ℃, and the tail temperature of the dryer is 50 ℃;
the drying operation flow comprises the following steps: conveying the aged material into a drying roller through a material conveying device, continuously rotating a barrel body, stirring and scattering the material by a stirring plate in the barrel body, continuously crushing the material by a head scattering machine, mixing the material with hot air fed by a hot blast stove, instantly vaporizing and evaporating water in the material in a short time, and simultaneously cooling the hot air fed by the hot blast stove to the front area of the roller for uniform temperature; the materials flow backwards together with hot air, the materials are dried in a main conduction drying mode, moisture in the materials is continuously evaporated to take away heat energy and the heat energy are taken away by the hot air, the temperature of the mixed gas is gradually reduced, and when the moisture of the dried materials reaches about 30%, the materials reach the tail of the barrel. The gas containing water and dust is exhausted after cyclone dust removal, settling chamber and water washing under the negative pressure action of a draught fan; the drying time is related to the blanking angle and the revolving speed of the revolving body, the larger the blanking angle is, the larger the revolving speed of the revolving body is, and the shorter the drying time is; on the contrary, the drying time is long;
after the materials are dried, the materials pass through screening equipment, and large-particle materials with the particle size larger than 4.5mm are removed;
the screened materials form finished organic fertilizers (the water content is less than or equal to 30 percent), and the finished organic fertilizers are conveyed to a finished product packaging machine, packaged and stored.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting the raw materials, and detecting the collected raw materials;
s2, blending the raw materials detected in the step S1, adjusting the raw materials after the blending is finished, and performing pre-fermentation treatment after the adjustment is finished;
s3, conveying the raw material after the pre-fermentation treatment in the S2 step to a fermentation device for fermentation;
and S4, ageing the raw material fermented in the S3 step, treating again, and packaging after treatment.
2. The method for rapidly and continuously producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 is as follows:
collecting animal waste and auxiliary materials, and detecting.
3. The method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S2 is as follows:
preparing the animal wastes and auxiliary materials detected in the step S1, and adding self-expanding strains; and adjusting after the batching is finished, and performing pre-fermentation treatment for 1-3 days after the adjustment is finished.
4. The method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S2 is as follows:
mixing 45-55 parts of animal wastes detected in the step S1 with 55-45 parts of auxiliary materials, and adding 5-10 parts of self-expanding strains; and C/N, water, PH value and evacuation degree are adjusted after the batching is finished, and pre-fermentation treatment is carried out for 1-3 days after the adjustment is finished.
5. The method for rapidly and continuously producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 is as follows:
the material after the pre-fermentation treatment in the step S2 is transferred to a fermentation apparatus to perform a three-stage fermentation.
6. The method for rapidly and continuously producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S3 is as follows:
and (4) conveying the raw materials subjected to the pre-fermentation treatment in the step S2 into a fermentation device, turning the raw materials in the fermentation device by rotating the fermentation device, performing three-stage fermentation, and crushing the raw materials in a crushing device.
7. The method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the three-stage fermentation in the step S3 is as follows:
a first stage; adjusting the temperature of the first stage in the fermentation equipment to 35-60 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation at 35-60 ℃ for 5-9 hours;
a second stage; adjusting the temperature of the second stage in the fermentation equipment to 60-70 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation at 60-70 ℃ for 24 hours;
and a third stage: adjusting the temperature of the third section in the fermentation equipment to 30-50 ℃, and maintaining the fermentation temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 10-14 hours.
8. The method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step S4 is as follows:
and (4) ageing the raw material fermented in the step S3, drying and screening, and packaging after drying and screening.
9. The method for rapidly and continuously producing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step S4 is as follows:
ageing the fermented raw materials in the step S3 for 2-3 days; drying and screening after aging, wherein the inlet temperature of a dryer is not more than 85 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the dryer is not more than 60 ℃; and packaged after drying and screening.
10. The method for the rapid and continuous production of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of S3 further comprises:
collecting waste gas generated in the fermentation process through a pipeline, and treating the waste gas after the waste gas is discharged from fermentation equipment through the pipeline.
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| CN112961005A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-15 | 惠州市乐夫农业科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer granules, preparation method thereof and manure cleaning machine |
| CN113024306A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-25 | 惠州市乐夫农业科技有限公司 | Powder organic fertilizer, preparation method thereof and stacked cultivation equipment |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |