CN111528097A - Method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons - Google Patents
Method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons Download PDFInfo
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- CN111528097A CN111528097A CN202010517731.9A CN202010517731A CN111528097A CN 111528097 A CN111528097 A CN 111528097A CN 202010517731 A CN202010517731 A CN 202010517731A CN 111528097 A CN111528097 A CN 111528097A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons, belonging to the technical field of potato cultivation; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method. The method of the invention is used as a supplement for the aerosol cultivation of the miniature potatoes, the stolons remained after the production of the aeroponics potatoes are picked up to be made into stem sections, and the stem sections are sterilized and then planted in the matrix for recycling, thus expanding the propagation efficiency of the potatoes, increasing the propagation coefficient and reducing the production cost input. 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained by cultivating each potato seedling by an aerosol method, so that the propagation coefficient is greatly increased, and the investment of production cost is correspondingly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potato cultivation, in particular to a method for breeding potato mini potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons.
Background
The miniature potato is also called original seed, the potato can be used for propagating enough number of virus-free test-tube seedlings in a laboratory, then the virus-free test-tube seedlings are transplanted into a matrix (turf, vermiculite and the like), and then the miniature potato is harvested. At present, the method for producing the potato miniature potatoes comprises an aerosol method, wherein during the process of producing the potato miniature potatoes by the aerosol method, stolons grow along with the growth of each potato seedling, the number of stolons of each potato seedling can reach about 10, and each stolons grows for 30-50 cm. However, after the miniature potatoes are harvested, strong stolons and potato seedlings are discarded together, so that the environment is polluted and production waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of stolons of potatoes, the method is used as a supplement for cultivating the potato mini-potatoes by an aerosol method, and the remaining stolons after the potato is cultivated by the aerosol method to obtain the potato mini-potatoes, so that the breeding coefficient of the potato mini-potatoes can be increased.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons, which comprises the following steps:
1) sterilizing the stem sections of the potato stolons; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method; each stem segment comprises at least one stem node;
2) laying the disinfected stem segments in a first matrix which is thoroughly irrigated, covering the first matrix with a second matrix, and culturing at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 50-80%; the first substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite; the second substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite;
when the height of the potato seedlings is 4-6 cm, applying MS nutrient solution or balanced water soluble fertilizer; respectively applying monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution when the heights of the potato seedlings are 14-16 cm and 28-32 cm, wherein the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 per mill by mass percent; when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, applying 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol;
3) and when the cultivation time is 55-65 d, harvesting the potato miniature potatoes.
Preferably, the length of the potato stolons in the step 1) is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, the disinfection mode in the step 1) comprises the step of spraying and disinfecting the stem sections by adopting 800-1000 times of liquid zineb aqueous solution.
Preferably, the length of the stem section in the step 1) is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the first substrate in step 2) is 5 cm; the covering thickness of the second substrate is 5-8 cm.
Preferably, the MS nutrient solution in step 2) comprises the following components by mass: NH (NH)4NO330000～35000mg/L、KNO335000～40000mg/L、CaCl2·2H2O 8500～9000mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O 7200～7500mg/L，KH2PO43200～3500mg/L、KI 160～170mg/L、H3BO31200～1300mg/L、MnSO4·4H2O4400～4500mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O1700～1750mg/L、Na2MoO4·2H2O 45～55mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 3～8mg/L、CoCl2·6H2O 3～8mg/L、FeSO4·7H2O 5500～5600mg/L、Na2-EDTA·2H2O7400-7500 mg/L; the MS nutrient solution is applied in a mode of spraying for 3 times, and the application amount is based on the fact that water drops are fully hung on the surfaces of plants.
Preferably, the effective content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer in the step 2) is 1: 1: 1; the application mode of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer comprises broadcast application, the application frequency is 3-5, and the application amount is 50g/m2。
Preferably, the application mode of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution in the step 2) comprises spraying; when the height of the potato seedlings is 14-16 cm, the application frequency of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 2 times, and the application amount is that the surface of the potato seedlings is full of water plants; and when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, the application frequency of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 3 times, and the application amount is based on the condition that the surface of the plant is full of water plants.
Preferably, in the step 2), when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol are separately applied; the application mode of the 400-600 times liquid paclobutrazol comprises spraying, wherein the application frequency is 1 time, and the application amount is based on that the surface of a plant is full of water plants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method. The method of the invention is used as a supplement for the aerosol cultivation of the miniature potatoes, the stolons remained after the production of the aeroponics potatoes are picked up to be made into stem sections, and the stem sections are sterilized and then planted in the matrix for recycling, thus expanding the propagation efficiency of the potatoes, increasing the propagation coefficient and reducing the production cost input. 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained by cultivating each potato seedling by an aerosol method, so that the propagation coefficient is greatly increased, and the investment of production cost is correspondingly reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons, which comprises the following steps:
1) sterilizing the stem sections of the potato stolons; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method; each stem segment comprises at least one stem node;
2) laying the disinfected stem segments in a first matrix which is thoroughly irrigated, covering the first matrix with a second matrix, and culturing at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 50-80%; the first substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite; the second substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite;
when the height of the potato seedlings is 4-6 cm, applying MS nutrient solution or balanced water soluble fertilizer; respectively applying monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution when the heights of the potato seedlings are 14-16 cm and 28-32 cm, wherein the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 per mill by mass percent; when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, applying 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol;
3) and when the cultivation time is 55-65 d, harvesting the potato miniature potatoes.
Firstly, disinfecting stem sections of stolons of potatoes; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the potato mini-potatoes by an aerosol method, the method for cultivating the potato mini-potatoes by the aerosol method is not particularly limited, and the method for cultivating the potato mini-potatoes by the conventional aerosol method in the field is adopted; each stem segment comprises at least one stem node; in the specific implementation process of the invention, each stem segment has one stem node; the length of the potato stolons is preferably 30-50 cm, and more preferably 40 cm. In the invention, in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by the aerosol method, the number of stolons of the potatoes grown on each potato seedling can reach 8-12. In the invention, the collection time of the potato stolons is preferably 13-17 days before the harvest of the potatoes, and more preferably 15 days; during the harvesting process, the potato stolons are removed from the roots, all well-growing stolons being removed.
In the invention, the stolons of the potatoes under the condition of aeroponic cultivation have life vitality, and the stem segments of the stolons are utilized to further cultivate potato seedlings and form potato blocks, so that the propagation coefficient of the miniature potatoes can be effectively increased.
In the invention, the preferred disinfection mode comprises the steps of spraying and disinfecting the stem sections by adopting 800-1000 times of a zineb aqueous solution; the spraying amount of the invention is not specially limited, and the spraying is uniform.
The method comprises the steps of laying the disinfected stem sections in a first matrix which is thoroughly watered, covering a second matrix which is not watered, and culturing at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 50-80% to grow the potato seedlings.
In the invention, the length of the stem section is preferably 5-10 cm, and more preferably 6-8 cm; the distance between adjacent stem sections is preferably 3-5 cm.
In the present invention, the first and second substrates comprise grass peat or vermiculite, respectively; the thickness of the first substrate is preferably 5 cm; the covering thickness of the second substrate is preferably 5-8 cm; the first substrate and the second substrate are preferably separately sterilized prior to use; the disinfection mode preferably comprises formaldehyde stuffy pile disinfection or high-temperature steam disinfection; the first substrate and the second substrate are sterilized and then placed for 2-3 days for reuse; the first substrate is preferably placed in a seedling raising plate or on a seedling bed for producing miniature potatoes by the substrate; the water permeation is based on water permeation.
In the invention, the facility for culturing is preferably a sunlight greenhouse or a net shed with good isolation conditions and no aphids;
according to the invention, when the height of the potato seedlings is 4-6 cm, MS nutrient solution or balanced water soluble fertilizer is applied; in the present invention, the MS nutrient solution preferably comprises the following components in mass concentration: NH (NH)4NO330000～35000mg/L、KNO335000～40000mg/L、CaCl2·2H2O 8500～9000mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O 7200～7500mg/L，KH2PO43200～3500mg/L、KI 160～170mg/L、H3BO31200～1300mg/L、MnSO4·4H2O 4400～4500mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O1700～1750mg/L、Na2MoO4·2H2O 45～55mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 3～8mg/L、CoCl2·6H2O 3～8mg/L、FeSO4·7H2O 5500～5600mg/L、Na2-EDTA·2H2O7400-7500 mg/L; more preferably, the MS nutrient solution preferably comprises the following components in mass concentration: NH (NH)4NO333000mg/L、KNO338000mg/L、CaCl2·2H2O 8800mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O 7400mg/L，KH2PO43400mg/L、KI 166mg/L、H3BO31240mg/L、MnSO4·4H2O 4460mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 1720mg/L、Na2MoO4·2H2O 50mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 5mg/L、CoCl2·6H2O 5mg/L、FeSO4·7H2O 5560mg/L、Na2-EDTA·2H2O7460 mg/L. In the MS nutrient solution, NH4NO3、KNO3、CaCl2·2H2O、MgSO4·7H2O and KH2PO4Contains macroelements (mother liquor I), KI and H3BO3、MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、Na2MoO4·2H2O、CuSO4·5H2O and CoCl2·6H2O is a trace element (mother liquor II) and FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O is iron salt (mother liquor III). The application mode of the MS nutrient solution preferably comprises spraying, and the application frequency is preferably 3 times; the single application rate is preferably based on the condition that the surface of the plant is full of water drops.
In the invention, the effective content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced water soluble fertilizer is 1: 1: 1; the application mode of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer comprises broadcasting application, wherein the application frequency is 3-5; the application amount of each time is preferably 50g/m2。
When the height of the potato seedlings is 14-16 cm, applying a monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of monopotassium phosphate in the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3-5 per thousand, and preferably 4 per thousand; in the invention, the application mode of the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution preferably comprises spraying, when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, the application frequency of the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 times, and the application amount is based on that the water plants are fully hung on the surfaces of the plants; the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution has the function of supplementing potash fertilizer for the later growth period of plants and improving the yield of miniature potatoes.
When the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, applying a monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol; preferably, the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and the 400-600 times liquid paclobutrazol are applied separately or used in time, and if the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and the paclobutrazol are applied separately, the use interval time is more than 1 h; the application mode of the 400-600 times liquid paclobutrazol preferably comprises spraying, wherein the application frequency is 1 time; the single application amount is preferably based on the condition that the surface of the plant is full of water plants; the paclobutrazol has the effects of controlling the height of seedlings, reducing nutrient consumption and increasing the nutrient requirement of underground tubers.
According to the invention, when the cultivation time is 55-65 d, preferably 50d, the potato miniature potatoes are harvested.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Cutting off stolons harvested in potato aeroponic cultivation production, cutting the stolons into small sections, arranging a stem node on each stem section, neatly and flatly placing the stem sections in a clean seedling tray, uniformly spraying 800 times of liquid zineb strong zinc solution for disinfection, and airing for later use.
2. Preparing fresh grass peat. Placing the grass carbon on a seedling raising tray, watering thoroughly, placing the stolon segments after disinfection and air drying on a matrix after water infiltration, wherein the stem segments are placed in order, covering the grass carbon with the thickness of 5cm after placement, and avoiding the need of watering after covering the matrix.
3. The planting facility is a sunlight greenhouse with good isolation conditions and no aphids, and the indoor temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the humidity is kept at 50-80%.
4. Seedling emergence is carried out 7-10 days after planting, MS nutrient solution is sprayed at the height of 5cm of the seedling, and monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage content of 3 per mill is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 15cm and 30cm of the seedling; spraying 500 times of paclobutrazol liquid at the height of the seedling of 30cm, controlling the height of the seedling, reducing the nutrient consumption and increasing the nutrient requirement of underground tubers.
The MS nutrient solution formula comprises: NH (NH)4NO333000mg/L、KNO338000mg/L、CaCl2·2H2O8800mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O 7400mg/L，KH2PO43400mg/L、KI 166mg/L、H3BO31240mg/L、MnSO4·4H2O 4460mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 1720mg/L、Na2MoO4·2H2O50mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 5mg/L、CoCl2·6H2O 5mg/L、FeSO4·7H2O 5560mg/L、Na2-EDTA·2H2O 7460mg/LIn which NH4NO3、KNO3、CaCl2·2H2O、MgSO4·7H2O and KH2PO4Contains macroelements (mother liquor I), KI and H3BO3、MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、Na2MoO4·2H2O、CuSO4·5H2O and CoCl2·6H2O is a trace element (mother liquor II) and FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O is iron salt (mother liquor III).
5. Harvesting is carried out 55-65 days after planting, each stem can grow one seedling, and 1-3 g of miniature potatoes can be harvested per seedling by 1-2 grains. The collected miniature potatoes are marked with the names of varieties and placed in seed bags for production after the epidermis is lignified. 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained by cultivating each potato seedling by an aerosol method.
Example 2
1. Cutting off stolons harvested in potato aeroponic cultivation production, cutting the stolons into small sections, arranging a stem node on each stem section, neatly and flatly placing the stem sections in a clean seedling tray, uniformly spraying 1000-fold liquid zineb solution for disinfection, and airing for later use.
2. Fresh vermiculite was prepared. Putting vermiculite in a seedling tray, watering thoroughly, putting the stolon segments after disinfection and air drying on a matrix after water infiltration, putting the stolon segments in order, covering the vermiculite with the thickness of 5cm after putting, and avoiding the need of watering after covering the vermiculite.
3. The planting facility is a sunlight greenhouse with good isolation conditions and no aphids, and the indoor temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the humidity is kept at 50-80%.
4. Seedling emergence is carried out 7-10 days after planting, a balanced water soluble fertilizer is sprayed when the height of the seedling is 5cm, and monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage content of 3% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the seedling 15cm and 30 cm; spraying 500 times of paclobutrazol liquid at the height of the seedling of 30cm, controlling the height of the seedling, reducing the nutrient consumption and increasing the nutrient requirement of underground tubers.
5. Harvesting is carried out 55-65 days after planting, each stem can grow one seedling, and 1-3 g of miniature potatoes can be harvested per seedling by 1-2 grains. 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained by cultivating each potato seedling by an aerosol method. The collected miniature potatoes are marked with the names of varieties and placed in seed bags for production after the epidermis is lignified.
According to the embodiment, in the process of producing the miniature potatoes by aerial fog cultivation, 30-50 creeping stem sections can be obtained from each plant, a new seedling can grow on each stem section, 1.5 miniature potatoes can be propagated from each seedling, namely 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained from the creeping stems of each plant after the creeping stems of each plant are reused, the propagation coefficient is greatly increased, and the production cost input is correspondingly reduced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for propagating potato mini-potatoes utilizing stem segments of potato stolons, comprising the steps of:
1) sterilizing the stem sections of the potato stolons; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method; each stem segment comprises at least one stem node;
2) laying the disinfected stem segments in a first matrix which is thoroughly irrigated, covering the first matrix with a second matrix, and culturing at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 50-80%; the first substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite; the second substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite;
when the height of the potato seedlings is 4-6 cm, applying MS nutrient solution or balanced water soluble fertilizer; respectively applying monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution when the heights of the potato seedlings are 14-16 cm and 28-32 cm, wherein the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 per mill by mass percent; when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, applying 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol;
3) and when the cultivation time is 55-65 d, harvesting the potato miniature potatoes.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the potato stolons in step 1) are 30-50 cm in length.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilizing manner in step 1) comprises spraying 800-1000 times of aqueous solution of zineb ram to sterilize the stem segments.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the stem segment in step 1) is 5-10 cm.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first substrate in step 2) is 5 cm; the covering thickness of the second substrate is 5-8 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the MS nutrient solution in step 2) comprises the following components in mass concentration: NH (NH)4NO330000～35000mg/L、KNO335000～40000mg/L、CaCl2·2H2O 8500～9000mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O 7200～7500mg/L，KH2PO43200～3500mg/L、KI 160～170mg/L、H3BO31200～1300mg/L、MnSO4·4H2O 4400～4500mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 1700～1750mg/L、Na2MoO4·2H2O 45～55mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 3～8mg/L、CoCl2·6H2O 3～8mg/L、FeSO4·7H2O 5500～5600mg/L、Na2-EDTA·2H2O7400-7500 mg/L; the application mode of the MS nutrient solution comprises spraying, the application frequency is 3-5 times, and the application amount is based on the fact that water drops are fully hung on the surface of a plant.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the effective content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced water soluble fertilizer in the step 2) is 1: 1: 1; the equilibrium type water solubleThe application mode of the fertilizer comprises broadcast application, the application frequency is 3-5 times, and the application amount is 50g/m2。
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application manner of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution in step 2) comprises spraying; when the height of the potato seedlings is 14-16 cm, the application frequency of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 2 times, and the application amount is based on the fact that water drops are fully hung on the surfaces of plants; and when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, the application frequency of the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 times, and the application amount is based on the condition that water drops are fully hung on the surfaces of the plants.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 400-600 times liquid paclobutrazol are applied separately in step 2) when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm; the application mode of the 400-600 times liquid paclobutrazol comprises spraying, wherein the application frequency is 1 time, and the application amount is based on the condition that water drops are fully hung on the surface of a plant.
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| CN114982612A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-09-02 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Soilless culture substrate and soilless culture method for potatoes |
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