CN111522892A - Geographic element retrieval method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geographic element retrieval method and a geographic element retrieval device, relates to the technical field of electronic maps, and mainly aims to retrieve geographic elements coded based on a space object coding method and improve the accuracy of geographic element retrieval. The main technical scheme comprises: acquiring geographic elements to be retrieved; coding the geographic elements to be retrieved according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be retrieved; comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, wherein the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects are coding sequences obtained by coding according to the preset coding method; the preset coding method is a space object coding method based on geographic element metadata and space position combined hash, and the coding sequence is a code value sequence formed by combining metadata coding of geographic elements and position coding sequences of different levels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic maps, in particular to a method and a device for retrieving geographic elements.
Background
Geospatial information is an important information resource of an information society, and is widely used in various industries and even every corner of the society. With the construction of space positioning systems such as GPS/Beidou and the like and the rapid popularization of mobile intelligent equipment (such as mobile phones), Location Based Services (LBS) are rapidly developed, and the LBS is closer to the life of human beings. In daily life, a large amount of data with geographic position labels are generated by mobile intelligent equipment every day, and the effective identification and retrieval of the geographic data have great practical significance. In this process, it is also a great challenge how to perform difference analysis and spatial similarity evaluation on geographic elements from different sources, identify geographic elements expressing real-world similar geographic phenomena in a map database, and establish logical connections.
The traditional spatial data retrieval methods are mainly based on retrieval of positions and keywords, and have more researches on spatial relationships such as spatial positions, spatial distances, spatial attributes and the like, but the methods do not consider the influence of the shapes of geographic elements on similarity, are difficult to express complex spatial similar clustering relationships, and have no mature solutions on similarity scoring and sorting of retrieval results.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for searching geographic elements, and aims to search geographic elements encoded by a spatial object encoding method and improve accuracy of geographic element search.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for retrieving geographic elements, including:
acquiring geographic elements to be retrieved;
coding the geographic elements to be retrieved according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be retrieved;
comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, wherein the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects are coding sequences obtained by coding according to the preset coding method;
the preset encoding method is a space object encoding method based on geographic element metadata and space position joint hashing, the encoding sequence is a code value sequence formed by combining metadata encoding of geographic elements and position encoding sequences of different levels, and the metadata encoding at least comprises metadata characteristic encoding.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a geographic element search device, including:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the geographic elements to be retrieved;
the encoding unit is used for encoding the geographic elements to be retrieved according to a preset encoding method to obtain an encoding sequence to be retrieved;
the retrieval unit is used for comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, wherein the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects are coding sequences obtained by coding according to the preset coding method;
the preset encoding method is a space object encoding method based on geographic element metadata and space position joint hashing, the encoding sequence is a code value sequence formed by combining metadata encoding of geographic elements and position encoding sequences of different levels, and the metadata encoding at least comprises metadata characteristic encoding.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a server, including at least one processor, a storage medium, where the storage medium is used to store a program executed by the processor, and data required by the processor during execution of the program;
wherein the program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method for retrieving a geographic element as described above.
The invention provides a method and a device for searching geographic elements, which are used for coding a spatial object and a geographic element to be searched in a database based on a spatial object coding method of combined hash of geographic element metadata and spatial positions, so that the spatial object and the geographic element to be searched are converted into a code value sequence comprising a combination of metadata codes and position data codes.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a code value sequence composition structure of a geographic element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for encoding geographic elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a process of encoding and forming a geographic element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for retrieving geographic elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a retrieval method for obtaining a geographic element by comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for constructing and retrieving a B + tree index according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for searching geographic elements based on a constructed B + tree according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a geographic element retrieval apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating another apparatus for retrieving geographic elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating another example of a geographic element retrieval device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating another apparatus for retrieving geographic elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a block diagram showing another geographic element retrieval apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Query retrieval based on spatial data similarity measurement is one of the basic applications of a series of Location Based Services (LBS) such as map data fusion, spatial consistency detection, traffic flow analysis, electronic map navigation, etc. By carrying out uniform measurement on the space objects, the space objects which are similar to each other are effectively retrieved and optimally stored, and the method has important practical significance for providing more accurate scene similarity retrieval in a manner of conforming to human cognition.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the method is mainly used for processing geographic elements in an electronic map to improve the retrieval accuracy of the map elements, where the geographic elements mainly refer to elements used for representing geographic contents in the map, and can also be understood as spatial objects with certain spatial positions, such as mountains, rivers, buildings, roads, and the like.
Specifically, the invention realizes the purpose of improving the accuracy of geographic element retrieval by encoding the geographic element, wherein the geographic element encoding is a code value sequence combining metadata and position data, can be used for clustering and similarity evaluation of similar spatial objects, and the similar spatial objects usually represent the same code value prefix. In the embodiment of the invention, the code value sequence of the geographic element is a code value sequence combining metadata encoding and position data encoding of the geographic element, the metadata encoding at least comprises metadata characteristic encoding, and the position data encoding comprises position encoding sequences of different levels of the geographic element. The code value structure of the code value sequence is divided into three major parts, as shown in fig. 1, including: the method comprises the steps of metadata characteristic coding, hierarchical position Hash sequence (fractal hierarchical coding), metadata value coding and three-part coding which are independent from each other and have different coding spaces, and after the coding is finished, the combined arrangement of the coding is carried out. In the case of performing the combination permutation of the codes, the following expressions may be adopted, but not limited to: the metadata feature code | the hierarchical position Hash sequence | the sequence combination of metadata value codes, "|" is a reserved separation symbol of a specific meaning, and may also be a separation symbol of other forms, which is not limited in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
The metadata features include a collection sequence of metadata feature ranges of the spatial object, and the features generally include types (points/lines/surfaces) of the spatial object, object attribute types, and the like.
The hierarchical position Hash sequence is a hierarchical and preferential combined coding structure. In the process of hierarchical combined coding, the spatial object is subjected to dimension reduction treatment, and a two-dimensional space similarity problem is converted into a one-dimensional coding problem.
The metadata value is a complementary type of code, and generally includes an area (surface), a perimeter (line/surface), a coordinate xy average value, other priority weights ordered according to weight factors, a common weight, a low-level weight and the like, is used for refining and distinguishing space objects, and belongs to the lowest-level code.
Before the search operation of the geographic elements is executed, all spatial objects, i.e., the geographic elements, in the geographic element database need to be encoded one by one, so that the geographic elements are changed from two-dimensional information into a series of encoded sequences in the form shown in fig. 1. The method comprises the steps of coding a plurality of space objects in a database one by one according to a preset coding method to obtain a corresponding coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the metadata characteristics, the hierarchical position Hash sequence and the metadata value, and the metadata value can be present or absent. In the specific encoding process, the metadata features, the hierarchical position Hash sequences, and the metadata values need to be encoded respectively, and then encoded and combined. Specifically, the method can be implemented by, but is not limited to, the following method, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
101. and acquiring the metadata characteristics and the spatial position of the spatial object.
It should be noted that, since the above-mentioned metadata value is a supplementary type parameter for confirming the accuracy of similarity between geographic elements, and may be used or not used in searching for the similarity of geographic elements, at the time of obtaining, the metadata value may be obtained according to actual requirements, if a similarity with higher accuracy is required, a corresponding metadata value needs to be obtained, and the obtaining of the metadata value may be performed at this step, or may be performed separately, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention. When the metadata value is acquired and then encoded, the metadata value needs to be encoded separately and arranged in combination with the metadata feature code and the spatial position code.
When the spatial position of the spatial object is obtained, the spatial coordinate position directly input by a professional can be obtained, and the spatial coordinate position can also be obtained by querying the storage information of the database. After the spatial position of the spatial object is obtained, the metadata feature of the corresponding spatial object is obtained according to the coordinate position, and the metadata feature is not limited to include the spatial position feature, and may also include an attribute type distinguishing feature and the like.
In addition, it should be noted that the spatial object corresponding to the embodiment of the present invention may be a point, a line, or a plane; the line and the plane have a certain position space which can be directly obtained according to the coordinates, when the point is the point, the grid space of the grid where the point is located in the electronic map can be obtained, and the position space of the grid is used as the position space of the point.
102. And coding the metadata features according to a first coding rule to obtain metadata feature codes.
The first encoding rule in the embodiment of the present invention may be, but is not limited to, a 16-ary Unicode encoding structure, where the corresponding code is mapped by a corresponding extrinsic code table, and is a standard for spatial object qualification. The most significant bit of the encoded code value in the general sense should be the type of spatial object, for example: the dots/lines/surfaces correspond to 0/1/2 respectively, and the total length of the metadata feature codes should not exceed 16 bits, i.e. not more than 16 characters in combination arrangement. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the spatial object is a highway, which is represented by a line whose metadata feature is encoded as 1A.
103. Fractal division is carried out on the spatial position by adopting a layer-by-layer recursive fission mode according to a preset spatial position fractal rule, the spatial position is divided into a hierarchy once, and the grid in each hierarchy grows exponentially.
The spatial position fractal rule in the embodiment of the present invention may be regular grid fission, or may also be a Z-order curve/hilbert curve that recursively decomposes a plane into smaller subblocks, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. In a general sense, the regular grid fission process may be to divide the nine-square grids uniformly on a regular two-dimensional plane, and divide each grid again at the next level until the lowest level is reached, so as to establish a top-down pyramid grid structure model. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the spatial positions of the highways are divided in the first-level squared figure fission; and (3) dividing one palace lattice in the first-level Sudoku fission into nine palace lattices.
104. The grid in each level is encoded, and a level encoding sequence of the grid passed by the space object in different levels is determined.
The level coding sequence is to perform Hash coding processing on each layer of geographic objects, that is, record the grid number passed by each level of geographic objects.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a method without limitation to the following may be adopted for encoding each layer, where the method includes: numbering the grids of each level; and recording the grid number passed by the spatial object in each level according to a preset rule to obtain a level coding sequence, wherein the preset rule is that the parent grid number of the child grid code is not recorded for the child grid code, and the child grids belonging to different parent grids in the same level need to be divided by using a second division symbol. The second division symbol may be, but is not limited to, a space, which is not limited in the specific embodiment of the present invention, and other division symbol divisions may also be used.
In the embodiment of the invention, nine-square grids are taken as an example to illustrate position coding, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, a spatial region of a highway with a first level and a metadata feature code of 1A is divided into nine-square grids, and each grid of the nine-square grids is numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in sequence; recording the grids passed by the expressway with the metadata characteristic code of 1A as follows: 12589, coding the 12589 as a first level of the highway at a first level.
Dividing each nine-palace grid into 9 grids with smaller areas by the network fission mode described above, and numbering the 9 grids respectively as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9; and recording the grid number passed by the expressway with the metadata characteristic number of 1A. When the grid number passed by the expressway is recorded, the child grid code does not record the parent grid number, the sub-grid spaces belonging to different parent grids in the hierarchy need to be divided by a second division symbol, and the sub-grid spaces belonging to the same parent grid do not need to be divided by the second division symbol, in the embodiment of the invention, the second division symbol is taken as a space, and the grid passed by the expressway is recorded as follows: 564712587145645, the grid number sequence 564712587145645 is used as the second level code of the highway. The division of the spatial zones continues in this way, according to the requirement of the precision of the similarity, down to the level requiring fission, where the second level is instantiated, and the deeper levels are not listed one by one.
105. And combining the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies from a high hierarchy to a low hierarchy in a fission order to serve as position coding sequences of the space object, wherein the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies are divided by a first separation symbol.
In the embodiment of the invention, the space area of each grid is smaller and smaller from the first level to the bottom level, and from the first level to the second level and from the bottom level to the top level. In addition, the first delimiter in the embodiment of the present invention may be "|", or may be another delimiter, and the specific embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
Based on the combination of the position-coding sequences, the position-coding sequence obtained in the embodiment of the present invention is 12589| 564712587145645.
106. And combining and arranging the metadata characteristic codes and the position coding sequences to obtain coding sequences corresponding to the space objects.
When the metadata feature codes and the position code sequences are combined and arranged, the order of the metadata feature codes and the position code sequences is not limited, but the metadata feature codes are fixed codes, and the position code sequences are code sequences with variable length based on the requirement of precision. The separator between the metadata feature code and the position code sequence may be "|", may also be "&", may also be other separators, and the specific embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. Based on the above description, the encoding sequence corresponding to the spatial object is 1A |12589| 564712587145645, or 1A &12589| 564712587145645. Therefore, through the spatial coding sequence with the differentiated granularity expression, the similar reading precision of the spatial objects with the same Hash code on different hierarchical levels is different, and through the combination of codes from coarse to fine, the similar geographic elements usually have a common Hash prefix in the sequence expression.
In addition, it should be noted that, during encoding, since the metadata value is a parameter for supplementing the similarity precision, if the metadata value is obtained during obtaining the metadata, during encoding, the metadata value is encoded according to the second encoding rule to obtain a metadata value encoding; the second encoding rule may be encoding according to a sum of weighted values of attributes of each parameter included in the metadata value, or encoding according to a certain parameter value, and specifically, this is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the encoding is performed according to, for example, a length attribute parameter of the highway, which is 100. After the codes of the metadata values are obtained, the metadata characteristic codes, the position code sequences and the metadata value codes are combined and arranged to obtain code sequences corresponding to the space objects. In order to facilitate searching, in the implementation of the present invention, the metadata value is generally placed after the position coding sequence, and the obtained space object coding sequence is: 1A |12589| 564712587145645 |100 or 1A &12589| 564712587145645 & 100.
Based on the above encoding method for the spatial object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for retrieving a geographic element, as shown in fig. 4, the method including:
201. and acquiring the geographic elements to be retrieved.
The geographic element to be retrieved may be manually input or may be automatically obtained, which is not limited in the specific embodiment of the present invention. Typically obtained through user-entered geographic element query terms that typically represent spatial object descriptions and similar query term values. The geographic element to be retrieved may be a query condition for directly retrieving a similar geographic element, for example, a similar position of the query location point B; the indirect condition for retrieving other map information may also be, for example, an indirect condition for querying the driving tracks of all vehicles on the road X, where the query condition includes that the retrieval of similar roads on the road X is the indirect condition for querying the driving tracks of the vehicles.
There are two different acquisition modes for different user groups, specifically: aiming at a common user, semantic analysis and data preprocessing acquisition are carried out on descriptive instructions (text/voice and other communication media) input by the user. And directly analyzing the input standard sql grammar query conditions for professional engineering personnel to obtain.
202. And coding the geographic elements to be retrieved according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be retrieved.
The predetermined coding method used in this step is the same as the coding method for the spatial object in the database, and is a spatial object coding method based on the combined hash of the geographic element metadata and the spatial position, and the structure of the obtained coding sequence to be retrieved is consistent with the structure of the coding sequence for the spatial object in the database, so the specific coding method can refer to the coding mode for the spatial object, and the embodiment of the present invention will not be described herein again.
In addition, when the geographic elements to be retrieved are coded, if the position coding level is not required, coding of the same level as the spatial object can be selected to be written; and if the position coding level is required, coding the corresponding level of the geographic element according to the level number of the required level.
203. And comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine the geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be retrieved.
The specific matching mode may be that a space object corresponding to a coding sequence with the same number of bits as a predetermined number in the coding sequence to be retrieved is determined as a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, and the coding sequence corresponding to the space object is a coding sequence obtained by coding according to the predetermined coding method. The coding sequence is a code value sequence combining metadata coding and position data coding of the geographic elements, the metadata coding at least comprises metadata characteristic coding, and the position data coding is position coding sequences of different levels of the geographic elements.
In the embodiment of the invention, a space object and a to-be-retrieved geographic element in a database are coded based on a space object coding method (MetaGrid-hash coding) of combined hash of geographic element metadata and a space position, so that the space object and the to-be-retrieved geographic element are converted into a code value sequence comprising a combination of metadata coding and a position data coding sequence.
Further, when the coded sequence to be retrieved is compared with coded sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, the following method may be adopted, but is not limited to, specifically as shown in fig. 5, and the method includes:
301. and acquiring target coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects in the database.
302. And comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with the metadata characteristic codes in the target coding sequence one by one, and extracting the target coding sequence with the same metadata characteristic codes.
The specific implementation can be as follows: comparing the metadata characteristic code in the coding sequence to be retrieved with the metadata characteristic code of a target coding sequence; if the metadata feature codes are the same, 303 is executed; if the metadata feature codes are different, comparing the metadata feature codes with the metadata feature codes in the next target coding sequence until all the target coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects acquired in the step 301 are compared.
The metadata feature codes in the coding sequence to be retrieved are the same as those of the target coding sequence, which indicates that the spatial object in the database is a geographic element similar to the geographic element to be retrieved, and the position coding sequence can be continuously inquired to determine the matching degree, namely the similarity; and the metadata characteristic code in the coding sequence to be retrieved is different from the acquired metadata characteristic code of the coding sequence in the database, so that the spatial object is not similar to the geographic element to be retrieved, and the next comparison of the position coding sequence is not required.
303. And comparing the extracted target coding sequence with the position coding sequence in the coding sequence to be retrieved, and determining the space object corresponding to the target coding sequence with the same preset digit position coding sequence as the geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved.
Comparing the position coding sequence in the coding sequence to be retrieved with the position coding sequence of the coding sequence in the acquired database, determining the spatial object with the same position coding sequence of the predetermined digit as a geographic element similar to the geographic element to be retrieved, and continuing to execute 301 until all the coding sequences in the database are queried.
As described above, according to the above location area codes, it can be known that the code sequences having the same code prefix are necessarily similar geographic elements, and it is determined by comparing the location code sequences as to which level of similarity is. When the spatial object and the geographic element to be retrieved are coded, the levels of the position coding sequence may be consistent or may not be consistent. Generally, in order to determine similarity with different granularities, when a plurality of spatial objects are encoded, the granularity of the spatial objects is generally higher than that of the spatial objects. The geographic elements to be retrieved generally require a level lower than the level of the spatial object coding due to different requirements for similarity precision and the requirement for retrieval consumption, but for particularly important and complex geographic elements, the level of the geographic elements to be retrieved may also coincide with the level of the spatial object coding, and in particular, this is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, when comparing the position coding sequence in the coding sequence to be retrieved with the position coding sequence of the target coding sequence extracted in step 302, if the retrieval condition does not limit the level of the position coding, comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence of the position coding sequence from front to back until there is no coding identical to the coding sequence to be retrieved; if the search condition restricts the levels of the position codes, the comparison of the corresponding code sequences can be performed in the order of the position code sequences from front to back, and the level required by the search of the geographic element level is ended.
In order to improve the retrieval speed of the geographic elements, the embodiment of the invention can further construct the B + tree index after coding the spatial objects in the database, and query and retrieve the geographic elements based on the B + tree index when querying the geographic elements according to the retrieval request. Specifically, the construction of the B + tree index may be implemented by, but is not limited to, the following method:
and analyzing the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects, and constructing a geographic element B + tree index. As shown in fig. 6, the top-level node (root node) in the B + tree index is a metadata feature code, the position code sequences of different levels are middle index nodes, the lowest-level parent node (leaf node) is a metadata value code, and pointers of space objects are sequentially stored on the leaf nodes.
The searching of the geographic elements based on the constructed B + tree index can be implemented by, but not limited to, the following methods, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, including:
401. and receiving a query instruction input by a user.
For example, the user inputs the instruction: if all the vehicle running tracks on the road X are inquired, the inquiry instruction for inquiring all the vehicle running tracks on the road X, which is input by the user, is received in the embodiment of the invention.
402. And carrying out data preprocessing to obtain the geographic elements and the geographic element position hierarchies corresponding to the query instructions.
The method comprises the steps of preprocessing data to obtain a geographic element expression G and a query position level parameter N of a geographic element road X corresponding to a query instruction; and a corresponding vehicle trajectory database M.
403. And generating the SQL statement.
In the embodiment of the invention, to acquire all vehicle running tracks on the road X, the road X with the acquired vehicle running tracks is firstly coded, and then similar running tracks are acquired based on the corresponding codes. Therefore, it is necessary to design a function for encoding the road X, where the function is designed as follows: metagdhish (< G >, < N >), which is a process of acquiring a Grid-hash code of a space object to a certain level. And generating an SQL (structured query language) statement for acquiring the driving tracks of all vehicles on the road X according to the SQL query grammar, wherein the SQL query statement is selected from M where Y like meter and dhash (G, N).
404. Retrieving a top node in the B + tree index according to the SQL statement, namely retrieving a root node of the B + tree; determining a pointing position which is the same as the metadata characteristic code of the coding sequence to be retrieved to obtain a child node pointer; if the child node pointer is not obtained, the comparison query is ended; if a child node pointer is obtained, 405 is performed.
If the child node pointer is not obtained, it is indicated that the database does not have the geographic element similar to the geographic element to be retrieved, and the retrieval process is ended; if the child node pointer is obtained, it is indicated that the geographic elements similar to the geographic element to be retrieved exist in the database, and the position coding sequence of the geographic elements needs to be further retrieved to determine the similar level.
405. And (3) detecting the positions of child nodes with the same father sequence prefix layer by layer and step by step, and acquiring a space object set corresponding to all or a limited number of leaf nodes under the pointer of the child node to obtain the geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be retrieved.
Specifically, in the exploration process, if any hierarchy has no match, the search returns to null, otherwise, the search is continued until the constrained hierarchy, and the search is terminated.
And (3) detecting the positions of child nodes with the same father sequence prefix layer by layer step by step, namely, detecting an intermediate node, wherein N layers are required to be detected in the intermediate node because a position coding sequence with the N layer level is required to be obtained in the obtained searching condition.
Furthermore, after the matched geographic elements are retrieved, in order to determine the geographic element most similar to the geographic element to be retrieved, the embodiment of the present invention may also rank the matched multiple geographic elements according to the metadata values; and taking the geographic element with the maximum metadata value as the geographic element which is most matched with the geographic element to be retrieved.
Based on the above method embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a geographic element retrieval device, as shown in fig. 8, the device includes:
an obtaining unit 51, configured to obtain a geographic element to be retrieved; the geographic element to be retrieved may be manually input or may be automatically obtained, which is not limited in the specific embodiment of the present invention. Typically obtained through user-entered geographic element query terms that typically represent spatial object descriptions and similar query term values. The geographic element to be retrieved may be a query condition for directly obtaining similar geographic elements, for example, a similar position of the query location point B; the indirect condition for acquiring other map information may also be, for example, inquiring all vehicle travel tracks on the road X, and the acquisition of the similar road of the road X in the inquiry condition is the indirect condition for inquiring the vehicle travel track.
There are two different acquisition modes for different user groups, specifically: aiming at a common user, semantic analysis and data preprocessing acquisition are carried out on descriptive instructions (text/voice and other communication media) input by the user. And directly analyzing the input standard sql grammar query conditions for professional engineering personnel to obtain.
And the encoding unit 52 is configured to encode the geographic element to be retrieved, which is obtained by the obtaining unit 51, according to a predetermined encoding method to obtain an encoding sequence to be retrieved.
The retrieval unit 53 is configured to compare the coding sequence to be retrieved obtained by the encoding unit 52 with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, where the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects are coding sequences obtained by encoding according to the predetermined encoding method;
the preset encoding method is a space object encoding method based on geographic element metadata and space position joint hashing, the encoding sequence is a code value sequence formed by combining metadata encoding of geographic elements and position encoding sequences of different levels, and the metadata encoding at least comprises metadata characteristic encoding.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the retrieving unit 53 includes:
an obtaining module 531, configured to obtain target coding sequences corresponding to multiple spatial objects in a database;
a first comparing module 532, configured to compare the coding sequence to be retrieved with the metadata feature codes in the target coding sequence obtained by the obtaining module 531 one by one, and extract a target coding sequence with the same metadata feature codes;
a second comparing module 533, configured to compare the target coding sequence extracted by the first comparing module 532 with the position coding sequence in the coding sequence to be retrieved, and determine the spatial object corresponding to the target coding sequence having the same position coding sequence with the predetermined number as the geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved.
Wherein the second comparing module 533 is further configured to:
comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence of the position coding sequences from front to back until no code which is the same as the coding sequence to be retrieved exists;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence of the position coding sequences from front to back, and ending by the level required by the retrieval of the geographic element level.
Further, the encoding unit 52 is further configured to:
before the search unit 53 compares the coding sequence to be searched with the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects, the plurality of spatial objects are coded one by one according to the predetermined coding method to obtain the corresponding coding sequence.
Further, as shown in fig. 10, the encoding unit 52 includes:
an obtaining module 521, configured to obtain metadata features and spatial positions of spatial objects;
the first encoding module 522 is configured to encode the metadata feature obtained by the obtaining module 521 according to a first encoding rule, so as to obtain a metadata feature code in an encoding sequence;
a position division module 523, configured to perform fractal division on the spatial position obtained by the obtaining module 521 in a layer-by-layer recursive fission manner according to a predetermined spatial position fractal rule, where the spatial position is divided into one level at a time, and a grid in each level increases exponentially;
a second encoding module 524, configured to encode the grids in each level divided by the position dividing module 523, and determine a level-encoding sequence of the grids passed by the spatial object in different levels;
the position code arrangement module 525 is used for combining the hierarchy code sequences of different hierarchies by the second code module 524 according to the order of fission from high hierarchy to low hierarchy to be used as the position code sequences of the space object, and the hierarchy code sequences of different hierarchies are divided by a first separation symbol;
and the coding combination module 526 is configured to combine the metadata feature code and the position coding sequence to obtain a coding sequence corresponding to the spatial object.
Wherein the second encoding module 524 is configured to: numbering the grids of each level; and recording the grid numbers passed by the space objects in each level according to a preset rule to obtain a level coding sequence, wherein the preset rule is that the parent grid numbers of the child grid codes are not recorded, and the level coding sequences among the child grids belonging to different parent grids in the same level are segmented by second segmentation symbols.
Further, the metadata further includes a metadata value, and the encoding unit 52 further includes:
the obtaining module 521 is further configured to obtain a metadata value of the space object;
a third encoding module 527, configured to encode the metadata value obtained by the obtaining module 521 according to a second encoding rule, so as to obtain a metadata value code;
the code combination module 526 is further configured to combine and arrange the metadata feature codes and the position code sequences and the metadata value codes obtained by the third coding module 527 to obtain code sequences corresponding to the spatial objects.
Further, as shown in fig. 11, the apparatus further includes:
a sorting unit 54, configured to, after the retrieving unit 53 compares the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to multiple spatial objects to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, sort the matched geographic element according to a metadata value;
and the determining unit 55 is configured to use the geographic element with the largest metadata value as the geographic element that is the closest match to the geographic element to be retrieved.
Further, as shown in fig. 12, the apparatus further includes:
the index creating unit 56 is configured to parse coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects, and construct a geographic element B + tree index, where a top-level node in the B + tree index is a metadata feature code, position coding sequences of different levels are middle index nodes, a lowest-level father node is a metadata value code, and pointers of the spatial objects are sequentially stored on leaf nodes.
After the index creating unit 56 creates the B + tree index, the retrieving unit 53 is specifically configured to:
searching the pointing position of the top node in the B + tree, which is the same as the metadata characteristic code of the coding sequence to be searched, to obtain a child node pointer;
if the child node pointer is not obtained, the comparison query is ended;
if the child node pointer is obtained, the child node position of the same father sequence prefix is detected down layer by layer; and acquiring a space object set corresponding to all or a limited number of leaf child nodes under the child node pointer to obtain a geographic element similar to the geographic element to be retrieved.
It should be noted that other descriptions of the functional units and the functional modules according to the embodiments of the present invention may refer to the relevant descriptions in the method embodiments, and will not be described herein again.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a server, which comprises at least one processor and a storage medium, wherein the storage medium is used for storing the program executed by the processor and the data required by the processor in the process of executing the program;
wherein the program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method for retrieving a geographic element as described above.
The invention provides a method and a device for searching geographic elements, which are used for coding a spatial object and a geographic element to be searched in a database based on a spatial object coding method of combined hash of geographic element metadata and spatial positions, so that the spatial object and the geographic element to be searched are converted into a code value sequence comprising a combination of metadata codes and position data coding sequences.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (15)
1. A method for searching geographic elements, comprising:
acquiring geographic elements to be retrieved;
coding the geographic elements to be retrieved according to a preset coding method to obtain a coding sequence to be retrieved;
comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, wherein the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects are coding sequences obtained by coding according to the preset coding method;
the preset encoding method is a space object encoding method based on geographic element metadata and space position joint hashing, the encoding sequence is a code value sequence formed by combining metadata encoding of geographic elements and position encoding sequences of different levels, and the metadata encoding at least comprises metadata characteristic encoding.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the coded sequence to be retrieved to coded sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element that matches the geographic element to be retrieved comprises:
acquiring target coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects in a database;
comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with the metadata characteristic codes in the target coding sequence one by one, and extracting the target coding sequence with the same metadata characteristic codes;
and comparing the extracted target coding sequence with the position coding sequence in the coding sequence to be retrieved, and determining the space object corresponding to the target coding sequence with the same preset digit position coding sequence as the geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein comparing the extracted target coding sequence with the position coding sequence in the coding sequence to be retrieved comprises:
comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence of the position coding sequences from front to back until no code which is the same as the coding sequence to be retrieved exists;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and comparing the corresponding coding sequences according to the sequence of the position coding sequences from front to back, and ending by the level required by the retrieval of the geographic element level.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein prior to comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved to coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects, the method further comprises:
and coding the plurality of space objects one by one according to the preset coding method to obtain corresponding coding sequences.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein encoding the plurality of spatial objects one by one according to the predetermined encoding method to obtain corresponding encoded sequences comprises:
acquiring metadata characteristics and spatial positions of spatial objects;
coding the metadata features according to a first coding rule to obtain metadata feature codes;
fractal division is carried out on the spatial position in a layer-by-layer recursive fission mode according to a preset spatial position fractal rule, the spatial position is divided into a hierarchy once, and grids in each hierarchy grow exponentially;
encoding the grids in each level, and determining a level encoding sequence of the grids passed by the space object in different levels;
combining the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies as the position coding sequences of the space object according to the fission sequence of the hierarchies from high to low, and segmenting the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies through a first separation symbol;
and combining the metadata characteristic code and the position code sequence to obtain a code sequence corresponding to the space object.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the grid in each level is encoded, and wherein determining a sequence of levels of the grid through which the spatial object passes in different levels comprises:
numbering the grids of each level;
and recording the grid numbers passed by the space objects in each level according to a preset rule to obtain a level coding sequence, wherein the preset rule is that the parent grid numbers of the child grid codes are not recorded, and the level coding sequences among the child grids belonging to different parent grids in the same level are segmented by second segmentation symbols.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the metadata further includes metadata values, and wherein encoding the plurality of spatial objects one by one according to the predetermined encoding method to obtain corresponding encoded sequences further comprises:
obtaining a metadata value of the space object;
coding the metadata value according to a second coding rule to obtain a metadata value code;
and combining and arranging the metadata characteristic codes, the position coding sequences and the metadata value codes to obtain coding sequences corresponding to the space objects.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein after comparing the coded sequence to be retrieved to coded sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element matching the geographic element to be retrieved, the method further comprises:
sorting the matched geographic elements according to the metadata values;
and taking the geographic element with the maximum metadata value as the geographic element which is most matched with the geographic element to be retrieved.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
analyzing coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects, and constructing a geographic element B + tree index, wherein a top node in the B + tree index is a metadata feature code, position coding sequences of different levels are middle index nodes, a lowest level father node is a metadata value code, and pointers of the spatial objects are sequentially stored on leaf nodes.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein comparing the coded sequence to be retrieved to coded sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element that matches the geographic element to be retrieved comprises:
searching the pointing position of the top-level node in the B + tree index, which is the same as the metadata characteristic code of the coding sequence to be searched, and obtaining a child node pointer;
if the child node pointer is not obtained, the comparison query is ended;
if the child node pointer is obtained, the child node position of the same father sequence prefix is detected down layer by layer; and acquiring a space object set corresponding to all or a limited number of leaf child nodes under the child node pointer to obtain the geographic elements matched with the geographic elements to be retrieved.
11. A geographic element search device, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the geographic elements to be retrieved;
the encoding unit is used for encoding the geographic elements to be retrieved according to a preset encoding method to obtain an encoding sequence to be retrieved;
the retrieval unit is used for comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial objects to determine a geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved, wherein the coding sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial objects are coding sequences obtained by coding according to the preset coding method;
the preset encoding method is a space object encoding method based on geographic element metadata and space position joint hashing, the encoding sequence is a code value sequence formed by combining metadata encoding of geographic elements and position encoding sequences of different levels, and the metadata encoding at least comprises metadata characteristic encoding.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the retrieving unit comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring target coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects in the database;
the first comparison module is used for comparing the coding sequence to be retrieved with the metadata characteristic codes in the target coding sequence acquired by the acquisition module one by one and extracting the target coding sequence with the same metadata characteristic codes;
and the second comparison module is used for comparing the target coding sequence extracted by the first comparison module with the position coding sequence in the coding sequence to be retrieved and determining the spatial object corresponding to the target coding sequence with the same position coding sequence with the predetermined digits as the geographic element matched with the geographic element to be retrieved.
13. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 or 12, wherein the encoding unit is further configured to:
and before the retrieval unit compares the coding sequence to be retrieved with coding sequences corresponding to a plurality of space objects, coding the plurality of space objects one by one according to the preset coding method to obtain the corresponding coding sequences.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the encoding unit comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the metadata characteristics and the spatial position of the spatial object;
the first coding module is used for coding the metadata features according to a first coding rule to obtain metadata feature codes in a coding sequence;
the position division module is used for carrying out fractal division on the spatial position in a layer-by-layer recursive fission mode according to a preset spatial position fractal rule, the spatial position is divided into one level at a time, and the grid in each level grows exponentially;
the second coding module is used for coding the grids in each level and determining the level coding sequence of the grids passed by the space object in different levels;
the position coding arrangement module is used for combining the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies as the position coding sequences of the space object according to the order of fission from high hierarchy to low hierarchy, and the hierarchical coding sequences of different hierarchies are divided by a first separation symbol;
and the coding combination module is used for combining the metadata characteristic codes and the position coding sequences to obtain coding sequences corresponding to the space objects.
15. A server, comprising at least a processor, a storage medium for storing a program executed by the processor, and data required by the processor during execution of the program;
wherein the program when executed by a processor implements the steps of a method for retrieving a geographical element as claimed in any one of claims 1-10.
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